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• Testing approach for multi-threaded software

  - by Shane MacLaughlin

  I have a piece of mature geospatial software that has recently had areas rewritten to take better advantage of the multiple processors available in modern PCs. Specifically, display, GUI, spatial searching, and main processing have all been hived off to seperate threads. The software has a pretty sizeable GUI automation suite for functional regression, and another smaller one for performance regression. While all automated tests are passing, I'm not convinced that they provide nearly enough coverage in terms of finding bugs relating race conditions, deadlocks, and other nasties associated with multi-threading. What techniques would you use to see if such bugs exist? What techniques would you advocate for rooting them out, assuming there are some in there to root out? What I'm doing so far is running the GUI functional automation on the app running under a debugger, such that I can break out of deadlocks and catch crashes, and plan to make a bounds checker build and repeat the tests against that version. I've also carried out a static analysis of the source via PC-Lint with the hope of locating potential dead locks, but not had any worthwhile results. The application is C++, MFC, mulitple document/view, with a number of threads per doc. The locking mechanism I'm using is based on an object that includes a pointer to a CMutex, which is locked in the ctor and freed in the dtor. I use local variables of this object to lock various bits of code as required, and my mutex has a time out that fires my a warning if the timeout is reached. I avoid locking where possible, using resource copies where possible instead. What other tests would you carry out?

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• How to send XML and other post parameters via cURL in PHP

  - by tomaszs

  Hello. I've used code below to send XML to my REST API. $xml_string_data contains proper XML, and it is passed well to mypi.php: //set POST variables $url = 'http://www.server.cu/mypi.php'; $fields = array( 'data'=>urlencode($xml_string_data) ); //url-ify the data for the POST $fields_string = ""; foreach($fields as $key=>$value) { $fields_string .= $key.'='.$value.'&'; } rtrim($fields_string,'&'); echo $fields_string; //open connection $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POST,count($fields)); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$fields_string); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array ( "Expect: " )); //execute post $result = @curl_exec($ch); But when I've added other field: $fields = array( 'method' => "methodGoPay", 'data'=>urlencode($xml_string_data) ); It stopped to work. On the mypi.php I don't recieve any more POST parameters at all! Could you you please tell me what to do to send XML and other post parameters in one cURL request? Please don't suggest using any libraries, I wan't to acomplish it in plain PHP.

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• Batch File to Delete Folders

  - by Homebrew

  I found some code to delete folders, in this case deleting all but 'n' # of folders. I created 10 test folders, plus 1 that was already there. I want to delete all but 4. The code works, it leaves 4 of my test folders, except that it also leaves the other folder. Is there some attribute of the other folder that's getting checked in the batch file that's stopping it from getting deleted ? It was created through a job a couple of weeks ago. Here's the code I stole (but don't really understand the details): rem DOS - Delete Folders if # folders > n @Echo Off :: User Variables :: Set this to the number of folders you want to keep Set _NumtoKeep=4 :: Set this to the folder that contains the folders to check and delete Set _Path=C:\MyFolder_Temp\FolderTest If Exist "%temp%\tf}1{" Del "%temp%\tf}1{" PushD %_Path% Set _s=%_NumtoKeep% If %_NumtoKeep%==1 set _s=single For /F "tokens=* skip=%_NumtoKeep%" %%I In ('dir "%_Path%" /AD /B /O-D /TW') Do ( If Exist "%temp%\tf}1{" ( Echo %%I:%%~fI >>"%temp%\tf}1{" ) Else ( Echo.>"%temp%\tf}1{" Echo Do you wish to delete the following folders?>>"%temp%\tf}1{" Echo Date Name>>"%temp%\tf}1{" Echo %%I:%%~fI >>"%temp%\tf}1{" )) PopD If Not Exist "%temp%\tf}1{" Echo No Folders Found to delete & Goto _Done Type "%temp%\tf}1{" | More Set _rdflag= /q Goto _Removeold Set _rdflag= :_Removeold For /F "tokens=1* skip=3 Delims=:" %%I In ('type "%temp%\tf}1{"') Do ( If "%_rdflag%"=="" Echo Deleting rd /s%_rdflag% "%%J") :_Done If Exist "%temp%\tf}1{" Del "%temp%\tf}1{"

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• barebones sort algorithm

  - by user309322

  i have been asked to make a simple sort aglorithm to sort a random series of 6 numbers into numerical order. However i have been asked to do this using "Barebones" a theoretical language put forward in the Book Computer Science an overview. Some information on the language can be found here http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/software/barebones/ Just to clarify i am a student teacher and have been doing anaysis on "mini-programing languages" and their uses in a teaching environment, i suggested to my tutor that i look at barebones and asked what sort of exmaple program i should write . He suggested a simple sort algorithm. Now since looking at the language i cant understand how i can do this without using arrays and if statements. The code to swap the value of variables would be while a not 0 do; incr Aux1; decr a; end; while b not 0 do; incr Aux2 decr b end; while Aux1 not 0 do; incr a; decr Aux1; end; while Aux2 not 0 do; incr b; decr Aux2; end; however the language does not provide < or operators

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• temporary tables within stored procedures on slave servers with readonly set

  - by lau

  Hi, We have set up a replication scheme master/slave and we've had problems lately because some users wrote directly on the slave instead of the master, making the whole setup inconsistent. To prevent these problems from happening again, we've decided to remove the insert, delete, update, etc... rights from the users accessing the slave. Problems is that some stored procedure (for reading) require temporary tables. I read that changing the global variable read_only to true would do what I want and allow the stored procedures to work correctly ( http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_read_only ) but I keep getting the error : The MySQL server is running with the --read-only option so it cannot execute this statement (1290) The stored procedure that I used (for testing purpose) is this one : DELIMITER $$ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_readonly $$ CREATE DEFINER=dbuser@% PROCEDURE test_readonly() BEGIN CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS temp ( BT_INDEX int(11), BT_DESC VARCHAR(10) ); INSERT INTO temp (BT_INDEX, BT_DESC) VALUES (222,'walou'), (111,'bidouille'); DROP TABLE temp; END $$ DELIMITER ; The create temporary table and the drop table work fine with the readonly flag - if I comment the INSERT line, it runs fine- but whenever I want to insert or delete from that temporary table, I get the error message. I use Mysql 5.1.29-rc. My default storage engine is InnoDB. Thanks in advance, this problem is really driving me crazy.

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• Unable to use certain Fonts programatically in ASP.Net

  - by TooFat

  I am trying to programatically create a bitmap with a specified font in ASP.Net. The idea is that the text, font name, size color etc. will be passed in from variables and a bitmap of the text using the font etc will be returned. However, I have been finding that I am only able to do so using the following code with certain fonts. <div> <% string fontName = "Segoe Script"; //Change Font here System.Drawing.Bitmap bmp = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(100, 100); System.Drawing.Graphics graph = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(bmp); System.Drawing.Font fnt = new System.Drawing.Font(fontName, 20); System.Drawing.SolidBrush brush = new System.Drawing.SolidBrush(System.Drawing.Color.Red); graph.DrawString("Help", fnt, brush, new System.Drawing.Point(10, 10)); bmp.Save(@"C:\Development\Path\image1.bmp"); this.Image1.ImageUrl = "http://mysite/Images/image1.bmp"; %> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Label" Font-Names="Segoe Script"> <%Response.Write("Help"); %></asp:Label> //Change font here <asp:Image ID="Image1" runat="server" /> </div> If I change the font name in the areas indicated by the comments to Arial or Verdana both the image and the label appear with the correct font. If however, I change the font name in both locations to something "Segoe Script" the Label will show up in Segoe Script but the image is in what looks like Arial.

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• How to modify Keyboard interrupt (under Windows XP) from a C++ Program ?

  - by rockr90

  Hi everyone ! We have been given a little project (As part of my OS course) to make a Windows program that modifies keyboard input, so that it transforms any lowercase character entered into an uppercase one (without using caps-lock) ! so when you type on the keyboard you'll see what you're typing transformed into uppercase ! I have done this quite easily using Turbo C by calling geninterrupt() and using variables _AH, _AL, i had to read a character using: _AH = 0x07; // Reading a character without echo geninterrupt(0x21); // Dos interrupt Then to transform it into an Upercase letter i have to mask the 5th bit by using: _AL = _AL & 0xDF; // Masking the entered character with 11011111 and then i will display the character using any output routine. Now, this solution will only work under old C DOS compilers. But what we intend to do is to make a close or similar solution to this by using any modern C/C++ compiler under Windows XP ! What i have first thought of is modifying the Keyboard ISR so that it masks the fifth bit of any entered character to turn it uppercase ! But i do not know how exactly to do this. Second, I wanted to create a Win32 console program to either do the same solution (but to no avail) or make a windows-compatible solution, still i do not know which functions to use ! Third I thought to make a windows program that modifies the ISR directly to suit my needs ! and i'm still looking for how to do this ! So please, If you could help me out on this, I would greatly appreciate it ! Thank you in advance ! (I'm using Windows XP on intel X86 with mingw-GCC compiler.)

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• Reversible numerical calculations in Prolog

  - by user8472

  While reading SICP I came across logic programming chapter 4.4. Then I started looking into the Prolog programming language and tried to understand some simple assignments in Prolog. I found that Prolog seems to have troubles with numerical calculations. Here is the computation of a factorial in standard Prolog: f(0, 1). f(A, B) :- A > 0, C is A-1, f(C, D), B is A*D. The issues I find is that I need to introduce two auxiliary variables (C and D), a new syntax (is) and that the problem is non-reversible (i.e., f(5,X) works as expected, but f(X,120) does not). Naively, I expect that at the very least C is A-1, f(C, D) above may be replaced by f(A-1,D), but even that does not work. My question is: Why do I need to do this extra "stuff" in numerical calculations but not in other queries? I do understand (and SICP is quite clear about it) that in general information on "what to do" is insufficient to answer the question of "how to do it". So the declarative knowledge in (at least some) math problems is insufficient to actually solve these problems. But that begs the next question: How does this extra "stuff" in Prolog help me to restrict the formulation to just those problems where "what to do" is sufficient to answer "how to do it"?

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• How best to deal with warning c4305 when type could change?

  - by identitycrisisuk

  I'm using both Ogre and NxOgre, which both have a Real typedef that is either float or double depending on a compiler flag. This has resulted in most of our compiler warnings now being: warning C4305: 'argument' : truncation from 'double' to 'Ogre::Real' When initialising variables with 0.1 for example. Normally I would use 0.1f but then if you change the compiler flag to double precision then you would get the reverse warning. I guess it's probably best to pick one and stick with it but I'd like to write these in a way that would work for either configuration if possible. One fix would be to use #pragma warning (disable : 4305) in files where it occurs, I don't know if there are any other more complex problems that can be hidden by not having this warning. I understand I would push and pop these in header files too so that they don't end up spreading across code. Another is to create some macro based on the accuracy compiler flag like: #if OGRE_DOUBLE_PRECISION #define INIT_REAL(x) (x) #else #define INIT_REAL(x) static_cast<float>( x ) #endif which would require changing all the variable initialisation done so far but at least it would be future proof. Any preferences or something I haven't thought of?

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• Numerical calculations in Prolog

  - by user8472

  While reading SICP I came across logic programming chapter 4.4. Then I started looking into the Prolog programming language and tried to understand some simple assignments in Prolog. I found that Prolog seems to have troubles with numerical calculations. Here is the computation of a factorial in standard Prolog: f(0, 1). f(A, B) :- A > 0, C is A-1, f(C, D), B is A*D. The issues I find is that I need to introduce two auxiliary variables (C and D), a new syntax (is) and that the problem is non-reversible (i.e., f(5,X) works as expected, but f(X,120) does not). Naively, I expect that at the very least C is A-1, f(C, D) above may be replaced by f(A-1,D), but even that does not work. My question is: Why do I need to do this extra "stuff" in numerical calculations but not in other queries? I do understand (and SICP is quite clear about it) that in general information on "what to do" is insufficient to answer the question of "how to do it". So the declarative knowledge in (at least some) math problems is insufficient to actually solve these problems. But that begs the next question: How does this extra "stuff" in Prolog help me to restrict the formulation to just those problems where "what to do" is sufficient to answer "how to do it"?

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• Strange behavior with Javascript's __defineSetter__

  - by Shea Barton

  I have a large project in which I need to intercept assignments to things like element.src, element.href, element.style, etc. I figured out to do this with defineSetter, but it is behaving very strangely (using Chrome 8.0.552.231) An example: var attribs = ["href", "src", "background", "action", "onblur", "style", "onchange", "onclick", "ondblclick", "onerror", "onfocus", "onkeydown", "onkeypress", "onkeyup", "onmousedown", "onmousemove", "onmouseover", "onmouseup", "onresize", "onselect", "onunload"]; for(a = 0; a < attribs.length; a++) { var attrib_name = attribs[a]; var func = new Function("attrib_value", "this.setAttribute(\"" + attrib_name + "\", attrib_value.toUpperCase());"); HTMLElement.prototype.__defineSetter__(attrib_name, func); } What this code should do is whenever common element attribute in attribs is assigned, it uses setAttribute() to set a uppercased version of that attribute. For some very strange reason, the setter works for only ~1/3 of the assignments. For example with element.src = "test" the new src is "TEST", like it should be however with element.href = "test" the new href is "test", not uppercase then even when I try element.__lookupSetter__("href"), it returns the proper, uppercasing setter the strangest thing is different variables are intercepted properly between Chrome and Firefox help!!

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• receive and pass values with XML, AS3

  - by VideoDnd

  My example imports XML and has an object rotating on stage. The rotating object is called enemy corresponds to ENEMY in the XML. How do I set the rotation variable to receive values from XML? REASON It seems more difficult to set up variables using external data. I want to understand it better. here's a link http://videodnd.weebly.com/ rotation.fla //LOAD XML var myXML:XML; var myLoader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(); myLoader.load(new URLRequest("enemy.xml")); myLoader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, processXML); //PARSE XML function processXML(e:Event):void { myXML = new XML(e.target.data); trace(myXML.ROGUE.*); trace(myXML); //TEXT var text:TextField = new TextField(); text.text = myXML.ENEMY.*; addChild(text); } //ROTATION function enterFrameHandler(event:Event):void { //==>CODE I WANT TO CHANGE<== enemy.rotationY += 10; //enemy.rotationY = myXML.ENEMY.*; } addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, enterFrameHandler); enemy.xml ENEMY is set to -100, use what you like <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <BADGUYS> <ENEMY TITLE="sticky">-100</ENEMY> <ROGUE TITLE="slimy">-1000</ROGUE> </BADGUYS>

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• Mercurial CLI is slow in C#?

  - by pATCheS

  I'm writing a utility in C# that will make managing multiple Mercurial repositories easier for the way my team is using it. However, it seems that there is always about a 300 to 400 millisecond delay before I get anything back from hg.exe. I'm using the code below to run hg.exe and hgtk.exe (TortoiseHg's GUI). The code currently includes a Stopwatch and some variables for timing purposes. The delay is roughly the same on multiple runs within the same session. I have also tried specifying the exact path of hg.exe, and got the same result. static string RunCommand(string executable, string path, string arguments) { var psi = new ProcessStartInfo() { FileName = executable, Arguments = arguments, WorkingDirectory = path, UseShellExecute = false, RedirectStandardError = true, RedirectStandardInput = true, RedirectStandardOutput = true, WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Maximized, CreateNoWindow = true }; var sbOut = new StringBuilder(); var sbErr = new StringBuilder(); var sw = new Stopwatch(); sw.Start(); var process = Process.Start(psi); TimeSpan firstRead = TimeSpan.Zero; process.OutputDataReceived += (s, e) => { if (firstRead == TimeSpan.Zero) { firstRead = sw.Elapsed; } sbOut.Append(e.Data); }; process.ErrorDataReceived += (s, e) => sbErr.Append(e.Data); process.BeginOutputReadLine(); process.BeginErrorReadLine(); var eventsStarted = sw.Elapsed; process.WaitForExit(); var processExited = sw.Elapsed; sw.Reset(); if (process.ExitCode != 0 || sbErr.Length > 0) { Error.Mercurial(process.ExitCode, sbOut.ToString(), sbErr.ToString()); } return sbOut.ToString(); } Any ideas on how I can speed things up? As it is, I'm going to have to do a lot of caching in addition to threading to keep the UI snappy.

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• Better use a tuple or numpy array for storing coordinates

  - by Ivan

  Hi, I'm porting an C++ scientific application to python, and as I'm new to python, some problems come to my mind: 1) I'm defining a class that will contain the coordinates (x,y). These values will be accessed several times, but they only will be read after the class instantiation. Is it better to use an tuple or an numpy array, both in memory and access time wise? 2) In some cases, these coordinates will be used to build a complex number, evaluated on a complex function, and the real part of this function will be used. Assuming that there is no way to separate real and complex parts of this function, and the real part will have to be used on the end, maybe is better to use directly complex numbers to store (x,y)? How bad is the overhead with the transformation from complex to real in python? The code in c++ does a lot of these transformations, and this is a big slowdown in that code. 3) Also some coordinates transformations will have to be performed, and for the coordinates the x and y values will be accessed in separate, the transformation be done, and the result returned. The coordinate transformations are defined in the complex plane, so is still faster to use the components x and y directly than relying on the complex variables? Thank you

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• Storing Credit Card Numbers in SESSION - ways around it?

  - by JM4

  I am well aware of PCI Compliance so don't need an earful about storing CC numbers (and especially CVV nums) within our company database during checkout process. However, I want to be safe as possible when handling sensitive consumer information and am curious how to get around passing CC numbers from page to page WITHOUT using SESSION variables if at all possible. My site is built in this way: Step 1) collect Credit Card information from customer - when customer hits submit, the information is first run through JS validation, then run through PHP validation, if all passes he moves to step 2. Step 2) Information is displayed on a review page for customer to make sure the details of their upcoming transaction are shown. Only the first 6 and last 4 of the CC are shown on this page but card type, and exp date are shwon fully. If he clicks proceed, Step 3) The information is sent to another php page which runs one last validation, sends information through secure payment gateway, and string is returned with details. Step 4) If all is good and well, the consumer information (personal, not CC) is stored in DB and redirected to a completion page. If anything is bad, he is informed and told to revisit the CC processing page to try again (max of 3 times). Any suggestions?

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• Adding string items to a list of type Person C#

  - by user1862808

  Im makeing a simple registration application and I have an assignment to learn more about lists. I have an assignment that says that i am to create a class called Persons and in that class set the values from the text fields in variables and add this to a list of type Person. So far: in the Person class: string strSocialSecurityNumber = string.Empty;//---( This will not be used now.) string strFirstName = string.Empty; string strLastName = string.Empty; string strFullName = string.Empty; string strAge = string.Empty; string strAll = string.Empty; int intAge = 0; List<Person> lstPerson = new List<Person>(); public void SetValues(string FirstName, string LastName, int Age) { strFirstName = FirstName; strLastName = LastName; strFullName = strFirstName + " " + strLastName; intAge = Age; strAge = Convert.ToString(intAge); strAll = strAge + " " + strFullName; } public List<Person> Person() { lstPerson.Add(strAll); return lstPerson; } Error message: "can not convert from string to Person" The assignment says that the list is to be of the type Person so i am suppose to add strings to it and ive looked how to do this but I dont know how. I have seen that there are options like "ConvertAll" But im not sure if I am allowed to use it since the list should be of type Person. Thank you!

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• Keeping cached browser data inside ASP update panel textboxes/dropdowns for browser back click

  - by pmlevere

  I'm new in VB.net/asp and am running a VB web application in a visual database program called IronSpeed designer. I'm primarily using IronSpeed in this case for its login/role security features. I have a basic two page setup for this app. The user logs in then is taken to AccountEntry.aspx, they enter data into textboxes and select some dropdown values that are linked to a sql database, then they click "submit" to move to Results.aspx. On Results.aspx, the user can change data and then generate several types of reports (PDF, Excel, etc). I'm used to setting up ASP controls inside ASPContent areas, and in these areas if a user performs a browser back click the previously entered data will still be on the page for potential user modification. However in this web app, IronSpeed is setting up the page and asp controls inside an asp update panel. It appears inside an asp update panel, cached values can't be seen on a browser back click. In this case, it's important that the orginally entered values still be there for the user experience if the user advances to Results.aspx then clicks browser back to modify a value on AccountEntry.aspx. If I have to I'll setup Session Variables and disable browser clicking, but that is last resort. Is there any way to save cached data inside an asp update panel and have it there for a browser back click?

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• UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character [...]

  - by user1461135

  I have read the HOWTO on Unicode from the official docs and a full, very detailed article as well. Still I don't get it why it throws me this error. Here is what I attempt: I open an XML file that contains chars out of ASCII range (but inside allowed XML range). I do that with cfg = codecs.open(filename, encoding='utf-8, mode='r') which runs fine. Looking at the string with repr() also shows me a unicode string. Now I go ahead and read that with parseString(cfg.read().encode('utf-8'). Of course, my XML file starts with this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>. Although I suppose it is not relevant, I also defined utf-8 for my python script, but since I am not writing unicode characters directly in it, this should not apply here. Same for the following line: from __future__ import unicode_literals which also is right at the beginning. Next thing I pass the generated Object to my own class where I read tags into variables like this: xmldata.getElementsByTagName(tagName)[0].firstChild.data and assign it to a variable in my class. Now what perfectly works are those commands (obj is an instance of the class): for element in obj: print element And this command does work as well: print obj.__repr__() I defined __iter__() to just yield every variable while __repr__() uses the typical printf stuff: "%s" % self.varname Both commands print perfectly and can output the unicode character. What does not work is this: print obj And now I am stuck because this throws the dreaded UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xfc' in position 47: So what am I missing? What am I doing wrong? I am looking for a general solution, I always want to handle strings as unicode, just to avoid any possible errors and write a compatible program. Edit: I also defined this: def __str__(self): return self.__repr__() def __unicode__(self): return self.__repr__() From documentation I got that this

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• Rails and SWFUpload: Sporadic Failure on Upload and Response Issue

  - by Gimli

  I've got SWFUpload version 2.5 beta 3 attached to my Rails 2.3.2 application and it works great 75% of the time. The other 25%, I get types of failure. The first failure is a failure to upload. The activity starts, but never actually sends the file to the servers. In my JS, when setting breakpoints, it stops between setting the post params and starting the upload (last two lines below): var params = { "authenticity_token": authToken, "photo[name]": $("#photo_name").val(), "photo[description]": $("#photo_description").val(), "photo[post_id]": $("#post_id").val() }; params[keyName] = key; swfu.setPostParams(params); swfu.startUpload(); It just occurred to me that the file might not being queued, but I've got a handler attached to show the file name in a text box and that works consistently. The second issue is this: Sometimes the response string is truncated. I'm rendering a partial in Rails without a layout to show the uploaded file data in my layout. Most of the time this partial comes through fine, but sometimes it comes through as only the first line, or only parts of the first several lines. The variables seem to be coming through into the view just fine. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• Create static instances of a class inside said class in Python

  - by Samir Talwar

  Apologies if I've got the terminology wrong here—I can't think what this particular idiom would be called. I've been trying to create a Python 3 class that statically declares instances of itself inside itself—sort of like an enum would work. Here's a simplified version of the code I wrote: class Test: A = Test("A") B = Test("B") def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def __str__(self): return "Test: " + self.value print(str(Test.A)) print(str(Test.B)) Writing this, I got an exception on line 2 (A = Test("A")). I assume line 3 would also error if it had made it that far. Using __class__ instead of Test gives the same error. File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 2, in Test NameError: name 'Test' is not defined Is there any way to refer to the current class in a static context in Python? I could declare these particular variables outside the class or in a separate class, but for clarity's sake, I'd rather not if I can help it. To better demonstrate what I'm trying to do, here's the same example in Java: public class Test { private static final Test A = new Test("A"); private static final Test B = new Test("B"); private final String value; public Test(String value) { this.value = value; } public String toString() { return "Test: " + value; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(A); System.out.println(B); } } This works as you would expect: it prints: Test: A Test: B How can I do the same thing in Python?

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• Perl - Using hashes in classes

  - by brydgesk

  I have a class with several variables, one of which is a hash (_runs): sub new { my ($class, $name) = @_; my $self = { _name => $name, ... _runs => (), _times => [], ... }; bless ($self, $class); return $self; } Now, all I'm trying to do is create an accessor/mutator, as well as another subroutine that pushes new data into the hash. But I'm having a hell of a time getting all the referencing/dereferencing/$self calls working together. I've about burned my eyes out with "Can't use string ("blah") as a HASH ref etc etc" errors. For the accessor, what is 'best practice' for returning hashes? Which one of these options should I be using (if any)?: return $self->{_runs}; return %{ $self->{_runs} }; return \$self->{_runs}; Further, when I'm using the hash within other subroutines in the class, what syntax do I use to copy it? my @runs = $self->{_runs}; my @runs = %{ $self->{_runs} }; my @runs = $%{ $self->{_runs} }; my @runs = $$self->{_runs}; Same goes for iterating over the keys: foreach my $dt (keys $self->{_runs}) foreach my $dt (keys %{ $self->{_runs} }) And how about actually adding the data? $self->{_runs}{$dt} = $duration; %{ $self->{_runs} }{$dt} = $duration; $$self->{_runs}{$dt} = $duration; You get the point. I've been reading articles about using classes, and articles about referencing and dereferencing, but I can't seem to get my brain to combine the knowledge and use both at the same time. I got my _times array working finally, but mimicking my array syntax over to hashes didn't work.

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• How to encapsulate a WinAPI application into a C++ class

  - by Semen Semenych

  There is a simple WinAPI application. All it does currently is this: register a window class register a tray icon with a menu create a value in the registry in order to autostart and finally, it checks if it's unique using a mutex As I'm used to writing code mainly in C++, and no MFC is allowed, I'm forced to encapsulate this into C++ classes somehow. So far I've come up with such a design: there is a class that represents the application it keeps all the wndclass, hinstance, etc variables, where the hinstance is passed as a constructor parameter as well as the icmdshow and others (see WinMain prototype) it has functions for registering the window class, tray icon, reigstry information it encapsulates the message loop in a function In WinMain, the following is done: Application app(hInstance, szCmdLIne, iCmdShow); return app.exec(); and the constructor does the following: registerClass(); registerTray(); registerAutostart(); So far so good. Now the question is : how do I create the window procedure (must be static, as it's a c-style pointer to a function) AND keep track of what the application object is, that is, keep a pointer to an Application around. The main question is : is this how it's usually done? Am I complicating things too much? Is it fine to pass hInstance as a parameter to the Application constructor? And where's the WndProc? Maybe WndProc should be outside of class and the Application pointer be global? Then WndProc invokes Application methods in response to various events.

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• XSLT - How to select top a to top b

  - by user812241

  how can I extract the first 2 C-Values ('Baby' and 'Cola') where B is 'RED'. Input instance is: <Root> <A> <B>BLACK</B> <C>Apple</C> </A> <A> <B>RED</B> <C>Baby</C> </A> <A> <B>GREEN</B> <C>Sun</C> </A> <A> <B>RED</B> <C>Cola</C> </A> <A> <B>RED</B> <C>Mobile</C> </A> </Root> Output instance must be: <Root> <D>Baby</D> <D>Cola</D> </Root> I thought about the combination of for-each and global variables. But in XSLT it is not possible to change the value for a global variable to break the for-each. I have no idea anymore.

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• Integer array or struct array - which is better?

  - by MusiGenesis

  In my app, I'm storing Bitmap data in a two-dimensional integer array (int[,]). To access the R, G and B values I use something like this: // read: int i = _data[x, y]; byte B = (byte)(i >> 0); byte G = (byte)(i >> 8); byte R = (byte)(i >> 16); // write: _data[x, y] = BitConverter.ToInt32(new byte[] { B, G, R, 0 }, 0); I'm using integer arrays instead of an actual System.Drawing.Bitmap because my app runs on Windows Mobile devices where the memory available for creating bitmaps is severely limited. I'm wondering, though, if it would make more sense to declare a structure like this: public struct RGB { public byte R; public byte G; public byte B; } ... and then use an array of RGB instead of an array of int. This way I could easily read and write the separate R, G and B values without having to do bit-shifting and BitConverter-ing. I vaguely remember something from days of yore about byte variables being block-aligned on 32-bit systems, so that a byte actually takes up 4 bytes of memory instead of just 1 (but maybe this was just a Visual Basic thing). Would using an array of structs (like the RGB example` above) be faster than using an array of ints, and would it use 3/4 the memory or 3 times the memory of ints?

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• Calc_Anniversary Function with a Loop

  - by Rachel Ann Arndt

  Name: Calc_Anniversary Input: Pay_Date, Hire_Date, Termination_Date Output: "Y" if is the anniversary of the employee's Hire_Date, "N" if it is not, and "T" if he has been terminated before his anniversary. Description: Create local variables to hold the month and day of the employee's Date_of_Hire, Termination_Date, and of the processing date using the TO_CHAR function. First check to see if he was terminated before his anniversary. The anniversary could be on any day during the pay period, so there will be a loop to check all 14 days in the pay period to see if one was his anniversary. CREATE OR replace FUNCTION Calc_anniversary( incoming_anniversary_date IN VARCHAR2) RETURN BOOLEAN IS hiredate VARCHAR2(20); terminationdate VARCHAR(20); employeeid VARCHAR2(38); paydate NUMBER := 0; BEGIN SELECT Count(arndt_raw_time_sheet_data.pay_date) INTO paydate FROM arndt_raw_time_sheet_data; WHILE paydate <= 14 LOOP SELECT To_char(employee_id, '999'), To_char(hire_date, 'DD-MON'), To_char(termination_date, 'DD-MON') INTO employeeid, hiredate, terminationdate FROM employees, time_sheet WHERE employees.employee_id = time_sheet.employee_id AND paydate = pay_date; IF terminationdate > hiredate THEN RETURN 'T'; ELSE IF To_char(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON') = To_char(hiredate, 'DD-MON')THEN RETURN 'Y'; ELSE RETURN 'N'; END IF; END IF; paydate := paydate + 1; END LOOP; END; I need help with the loop..

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