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• Concurrent Affairs

  - by Tony Davis

  I once wrote an editorial, multi-core mania, on the conundrum of ever-increasing numbers of processor cores, but without the concurrent programming techniques to get anywhere near exploiting their performance potential. I came to the.controversial.conclusion that, while the problem loomed for all procedural languages, it was not a big issue for the vast majority of programmers. Two years later, I still think most programmers don't concern themselves overly with this issue, but I do think that's a bigger problem than I originally implied. Firstly, is the performance boost from writing code that can fully exploit all available cores worth the cost of the additional programming complexity? Right now, with quad-core processors that, at best, can make our programs four times faster, the answer is still no for many applications. But what happens in a few years, as the number of cores grows to 100 or even 1000? At this point, it becomes very hard to ignore the potential gains from exploiting concurrency. Possibly, I was optimistic to assume that, by the time we have 100-core processors, and most applications really needed to exploit them, some technology would be around to allow us to do so with relative ease. The ideal solution would be one that allows programmers to forget about the problem, in much the same way that garbage collection removed the need to worry too much about memory allocation. From all I can find on the topic, though, there is only a remote likelihood that we'll ever have a compiler that takes a program written in a single-threaded style and "auto-magically" converts it into an efficient, correct, multi-threaded program. At the same time, it seems clear that what is currently the most common solution, multi-threaded programming with shared memory, is unsustainable. As soon as a piece of state can be changed by a different thread of execution, the potential number of execution paths through your program grows exponentially with the number of threads. If you have two threads, each executing n instructions, then there are 2^n possible "interleavings" of those instructions. Of course, many of those interleavings will have identical behavior, but several won't. Not only does this make understanding how a program works an order of magnitude harder, but it will also result in irreproducible, non-deterministic, bugs. And of course, the problem will be many times worse when you have a hundred or a thousand threads. So what is the answer? All of the possible alternatives require a change in the way we write programs and, currently, seem to be plagued by performance issues. Software transactional memory (STM) applies the ideas of database transactions, and optimistic concurrency control, to memory. However, working out how to break down your program into sufficiently small transactions, so as to avoid contention issues, isn't easy. Another approach is concurrency with actors, where instead of having threads share memory, each thread runs in complete isolation, and communicates with others by passing messages. It simplifies concurrent programs but still has performance issues, if the threads need to operate on the same large piece of data. There are doubtless other possible solutions that I haven't mentioned, and I would love to know to what extent you, as a developer, are considering the problem of multi-core concurrency, what solution you currently favor, and why. Cheers, Tony.

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• Javascript Inheritance Part 2

  - by PhubarBaz

  A while back I wrote about Javascript inheritance, trying to figure out the best and easiest way to do it (http://geekswithblogs.net/PhubarBaz/archive/2010/07/08/javascript-inheritance.aspx). That was 2 years ago and I've learned a lot since then. But only recently have I decided to just leave classical inheritance behind and embrace prototypal inheritance. For most of us, we were trained in classical inheritance, using class hierarchies in a typed language. Unfortunately Javascript doesn't follow that model. It is both classless and typeless, which is hard to fathom for someone who's been using classes the last 20 years. For the last two or three years since I've got into Javascript I've been trying to find the best way to force it into the class model without much success. It's clunky and verbose and hard to understand. I think my biggest problem was that it felt so wrong to add or change object members at run time. Every time I did it I felt like I needed a shower. That's the 20 years of classical inheritance in me. Finally I decided to embrace change and do something different. I decided to use the factory pattern to build objects instead of trying to use inheritance. Javascript was made for the factory pattern because of the way you can construct objects at runtime. In the factory pattern you have a factory function that you call and tell it to give you a certain type of object back. The factory function takes care of constructing the object to your specification. Here's an example. Say we want to have some shape objects and they have common attributes like id and area that we want to depend on in other parts of your application. So first thing to do is create a factory object and give it a factory method to create an abstract shape object. The factory method builds the object then returns it. var shapeFactory = { getShape: function(id){ var shape = { id: id, area: function() { throw "Not implemented"; } }; return shape; }}; Now we can add another factory method to get a rectangle. It calls the getShape() method first and then adds an implementation to it. getRectangle: function(id, width, height){ var rect = this.getShape(id); rect.width = width; rect.height = height; rect.area = function() { return this.width * this.height; }; return rect;} That's pretty simple right? No worrying about hooking up prototypes and calling base constructors or any of that crap I used to do. Now let's create a factory method to get a cuboid (rectangular cube). The cuboid object will extend the rectangle object. To get the area we will call into the base object's area method and then multiply that by the depth. getCuboid: function(id, width, height, depth){ var cuboid = this.getRectangle(id, width, height); cuboid.depth = depth; var baseArea = cuboid.area; cuboid.area = function() { var a = baseArea.call(this); return a * this.depth; } return cuboid;} See how we called the area method in the base object? First we save it off in a variable then we implement our own area method and use call() to call the base function. For me this is a lot cleaner and easier than trying to emulate class hierarchies in Javascript.

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• The new direction of the gaming industry

  - by raccoon_tim

  Just recently I read a great blog post by David Darling, the founder of Codemasters: http://www.develop-online.net/blog/347/Jurassic-consoles-could-become-extinct. In the blog post he talks about how traditional retail games are experiencing a downfall thanks to the increasing popularity of digital distribution. I personally think of retail games as being relics of the past. It does not really make much sense to still keep distributing boxed games when the same game can be elegantly downloaded and updated over the air through a digital distribution channel. The world is not all rainbows, however. One big issue with mixing digital distribution with boxed retail games is that resellers will not condone you selling your game for 10€ digitally while their selling the same game for 70€. The only way to get around this issue is to move to full digital distribution. This has the added benefit of minimizing piracy as the game can be tightly bound to the service you downloaded the game from. Many players are, however, complaining about not being able to play the games offline. Having games tightly bound to the internet is a problem when games are bought from a retailer as we tend to expect that once we have the product we can use it anywhere because we physically own it. The truth is that we don’t actually own the product. Instead, the typical EULA actually states that we only have a license to use the product. We’re not, for instance, allowed to disassemble the product, which the owner is indeed permitted to do. Digital distribution allows us to provide games as services, instead of selling them as standalone products. This means that for a service to work you have to be connected to the internet but you still have the same rights to use the product. It’s really straightforward; if you downloaded a client from the internet you are expected to have an internet connection so you’re able to connect to the server. A game distributed digitally that is built using a client-server architecture has the added benefit of allowing you to play anywhere as long as you have the client installed and you are able to log in with your user information. Your save games can be backed up and your game can continue anywhere. Another development we’re seeing in the gaming industry is the increasing popularity of free-to-play games. These are games that let you play for free but allow you to boost your gaming experience with real world money. The nature of these games is that players are constantly rewarded with new content and the game can evolve according to their way of playing and their wishes can be incorporated into the product. Free-to-play games can quickly gain a large player basis and monetization is done by providing players valuable things to buy making their gaming experience more fun. I am personally very excited about free-to-play games as it’s possible to start building the game together with your players and there is no need to work on the game for 5 years from start to finish and only then see if it’s actually something the players like. This is a typical problem with big movie-like retail games and recent news about Radical Entertainment practically closing its doors paints a clear picture of what can happen when the risk does not pay off: http://news.teamxbox.com/xbox/25874/Prototype-Developer-Radical-Entertainment-Closes/.

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• High Resolution Timeouts

  - by user12607257

  The default resolution of application timers and timeouts is now 1 msec in Solaris 11.1, down from 10 msec in previous releases. This improves out-of-the-box performance of polling and event based applications, such as ticker applications, and even the Oracle rdbms log writer. More on that in a moment. As a simple example, the poll() system call takes a timeout argument in units of msec: System Calls poll(2) NAME poll - input/output multiplexing SYNOPSIS int poll(struct pollfd fds[], nfds_t nfds, int timeout); In Solaris 11, a call to poll(NULL,0,1) returns in 10 msec, because even though a 1 msec interval is requested, the implementation rounds to the system clock resolution of 10 msec. In Solaris 11.1, this call returns in 1 msec. In specification lawyer terms, the resolution of CLOCK_REALTIME, introduced by POSIX.1b real time extensions, is now 1 msec. The function clock_getres(CLOCK_REALTIME,&res) returns 1 msec, and any library calls whose man page explicitly mention CLOCK_REALTIME, such as nanosleep(), are subject to the new resolution. Additionally, many legacy functions that pre-date POSIX.1b and do not explicitly mention a clock domain, such as poll(), are subject to the new resolution. Here is a fairly comprehensive list: nanosleep pthread_mutex_timedlock pthread_mutex_reltimedlock_np pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock pthread_rwlock_reltimedrdlock_np pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock pthread_rwlock_reltimedwrlock_np mq_timedreceive mq_reltimedreceive_np mq_timedsend mq_reltimedsend_np sem_timedwait sem_reltimedwait_np poll select pselect _lwp_cond_timedwait _lwp_cond_reltimedwait semtimedop sigtimedwait aiowait aio_waitn aio_suspend port_get port_getn cond_timedwait cond_reltimedwait setitimer (ITIMER_REAL) misc rpc calls, misc ldap calls This change in resolution was made feasible because we made the implementation of timeouts more efficient a few years back when we re-architected the callout subsystem of Solaris. Previously, timeouts were tested and expired by the kernel's clock thread which ran 100 times per second, yielding a resolution of 10 msec. This did not scale, as timeouts could be posted by every CPU, but were expired by only a single thread. The resolution could be changed by setting hires_tick=1 in /etc/system, but this caused the clock thread to run at 1000 Hz, which made the potential scalability problem worse. Given enough CPUs posting enough timeouts, the clock thread could be a performance bottleneck. We fixed that by re-implementing the timeout as a per-CPU timer interrupt (using the cyclic subsystem, for those familiar with Solaris internals). This decoupled the clock thread frequency from timeout resolution, and allowed us to improve default timeout resolution without adding CPU overhead in the clock thread. Here are some exceptions for which the default resolution is still 10 msec. The thread scheduler's time quantum is 10 msec by default, because preemption is driven by the clock thread (plus helper threads for scalability). See for example dispadmin, priocntl, fx_dptbl, rt_dptbl, and ts_dptbl. This may be changed using hires_tick. The resolution of the clock_t data type, primarily used in DDI functions, is 10 msec. It may be changed using hires_tick. These functions are only used by developers writing kernel modules. A few functions that pre-date POSIX CLOCK_REALTIME mention _SC_CLK_TCK, CLK_TCK, "system clock", or no clock domain. These functions are still driven by the clock thread, and their resolution is 10 msec. They include alarm, pcsample, times, clock, and setitimer for ITIMER_VIRTUAL and ITIMER_PROF. Their resolution may be changed using hires_tick. Now back to the database. How does this help the Oracle log writer? Foreground processes post a redo record to the log writer, which releases them after the redo has committed. When a large number of foregrounds are waiting, the release step can slow down the log writer, so under heavy load, the foregrounds switch to a mode where they poll for completion. This scales better because every foreground can poll independently, but at the cost of waiting the minimum polling interval. That was 10 msec, but is now 1 msec in Solaris 11.1, so the foregrounds process transactions faster under load. Pretty cool.

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• 12.10 unable to install or even run from Live CD with nVidia GTX 580

  - by user99056

  I've used Ubuntu in the past (set up as web server, etc over in Iraq), so I'm not a 100% Linux Noob, however, I'm running into a brick wall here. I've got a machine I built when I got back to the US earlier this year, running Windows 7 Ultimate on it, and I've now got some free time and would like to transition over to Ubuntu full time. I've searched around in the forums, and there seems to be an issue with the nVidia graphics cards, so I've tried going to the EVGA site to see if I could find a new BIOS update for it and had no luck, so I'm back searching the forums here again and decided to just go ahead and post my question. My apologies if this is covered in another post and I was just unable to find it. I've found a few 'similar' posts, but nothing as bad as my issue. With the history aside, here is the actual detailed issue: I purchased a new SSD (Intel 520 SSD), arrived today, and I disconnect my old Windows 7 SSD. I had pre downloaded the ubuntu-12.10-desktop-amd64 earlier today and burned it to DVD. Upon inserting the Live CD into the computer and booting up, everything was fine up to the 'Run From Live CD' or 'Install Ubuntu Now' buttons. As I was sure I wanted to go ahead and make the switch, I selected the 'Install Now' from the right hand side. CD Spins up, black window pops up, and then the errors started: date/time GPU Lockup date/time Failed to idle channel 1 date/time PFIFO - playlist update failed date/time Failed to idle channel 2 date/time PFIFO - playlist update failed Thinking it might correct itself, I let it run and it would swap over to a GUI Screen that was locked up with major blurring/etc, then back to the command line with the errors. Eventually it said something along the lines of 'unknown status' and switched back to the GUI and froze. So, that's when I tried to see if I could find a BIOS upgrade for the nVidia GTX580 cards, and had no luck. So I thought, why not try to just run it from the Live CD and see if I can at least get a look at it, maybe if I could get it running try to do some sort of install from there and fix the driver issue. I rebooted, brought up the Live CD, and this time chose the left option / run from the CD. It brought me all the way in to the desktop, I saw my drives, the other icons, could move the mouse, etc for about 30 seconds and then it locked up completely. I've tried this a couple of times and get the same results every time. Hardware: Intel i7-3930K CPU @ 3.2GHz (12 CPUs) / MSI MS-7760 Motherboard / 32GB RAM / 2 x EVGA (nVidia) GeForce GTX 580 (4GB Ram each) So the question is: Is there any way to install 12.10 if you can't even get the Live CD to run (for more than 30 seconds)? My current hardware configuration is both of the GTX 580 cards have an SLI jumper on them, and I have 2 monitors on each card. (Ubuntu info obviously only shows on the main monitor from the failed installation and the attempt at running the Live CD). Perhaps opening the machine back up and removing the SLI Jumper and removing the other 3 monitors (so it only would have 1 video card with one monitor on it) would actually allow me to get 12.10 installed, then I could work on an nVidia Video Driver fix for the GTX 580, and then possibly hook up the other video card and monitors? Or is this something that they are currently aware of and may update with a future release in the next few days/weeks? Any thoughts or suggestions would be greatly appreciated, as I can't even try to fix the issue (assuming it is the nVidia drivers) if I can't even get it to install at all.

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• I thought the new AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE in Oracle Database 11g looked at all the rows in a table so why do I see a very small sample size on some tables?

  - by Maria Colgan

  I recently got asked this question and thought it was worth a quick blog post to explain in a little more detail what is going on with the new AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE in Oracle Database 11g and what you should expect to see in the dictionary views. Let’s take the SH.CUSTOMERS table as an example.  There are 55,500 rows in the SH.CUSTOMERS tables. If we gather statistics on the SH.CUSTOMERS using the new AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE but without collecting histogram we can check what sample size was used by looking in the USER_TABLES and USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS dictionary views. The sample sized shown in the USER_TABLES is 55,500 rows or the entire table as expected. In USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS most columns show 55,500 rows as the sample size except for four columns (CUST_SRC_ID, CUST_EFF_TO, CUST_MARTIAL_STATUS, CUST_INCOME_LEVEL ). The CUST_SRC_ID and CUST_EFF_TO columns have no sample size listed because there are only NULL values in these columns and the statistics gathering procedure skips NULL values. The CUST_MARTIAL_STATUS (38,072) and the CUST_INCOME_LEVEL (55,459) columns show less than 55,500 rows as their sample size because of the presence of NULL values in these columns. In the SH.CUSTOMERS table 17,428 rows have a NULL as the value for CUST_MARTIAL_STATUS column (17428+38072 = 55500), while 41 rows have a NULL values for the CUST_INCOME_LEVEL column (41+55459 = 55500). So we can confirm that the new AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE algorithm will use all non-NULL values when gathering basic table and column level statistics. Now we have clear understanding of what sample size to expect lets include histogram creation as part of the statistics gathering. Again we can look in the USER_TABLES and USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS dictionary views to find the sample size used. The sample size seen in USER_TABLES is 55,500 rows but if we look at the column statistics we see that it is same as in previous case except  for columns  CUST_POSTAL_CODE and  CUST_CITY_ID. You will also notice that these columns now have histograms created on them. The sample size shown for these columns is not the sample size used to gather the basic column statistics. AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE still uses all the rows in the table - the NULL rows to gather the basic column statistics (55,500 rows in this case). The size shown is the sample size used to create the histogram on the column. When we create a histogram we try to build it on a sample that has approximately 5,500 non-null values for the column.  Typically all of the histograms required for a table are built from the same sample. In our example the histograms created on CUST_POSTAL_CODE and the CUST_CITY_ID were built on a single sample of ~5,500 (5,450 rows) as these columns contained only non-null values. However, if one or more of the columns that requires a histogram has null values then the sample size maybe increased in order to achieve a sample of 5,500 non-null values for those columns. n addition, if the difference between the number of nulls in the columns varies greatly, we may create multiple samples, one for the columns that have a low number of null values and one for the columns with a high number of null values.  This scheme enables us to get close to 5,500 non-null values for each column. +Maria Colgan

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• Oracle????????(2012?10?)

  - by Steve He(???)

    Oracle Support Training Oracle ???????????,????????????,??????,?????Oracle??????????,????????????????????????????????Oracle???????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? Support Best Practices (formerly WEWS) ???? ?? 10?24? 15:00 ?? Get Proactive Resolve - Finding Answers Fast ???? ?? 10?25? 15:00 ?? MOS - Configuration Manager ???? ?? 10?30? 15:00 ?? ?????? My Oracle Support ??????????????????????,??? world clock.??????? Oracle ?????????????,??? note 603505.1 ????????????,??????????????(Mandarin)?????? Internet Explorer ??? My Oracle Support ????????????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? Creating Customer Value ???? ?? ?? Oracle Support Basics ???? ?? ?? An Introduction to My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Service Request Management ???? ?? ?? Customer User Administration ???? ?? ?? Managing Favorite ???? ?? ?? Quick Search ???? ?? ?? Hot Topic Email ???? ?? ?? Patch and Update ???? ?? ?? Site Alert ???? ?? ?? Search and Browse Features in My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Why Use Configuration Manager In The My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Enterprise Manager 11g and My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Oracle Collaborative Support ???? ?? ?? How to Escalate a Service Request within Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? ????????,?? Support Training Community ?????????? Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contact Us | Legal Notices and Terms of Use | Privacy Statement

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• Oracle????????(2012?11?)

  - by Steve He(???)

    Oracle Support Training Oracle ???????????,????????????,??????,?????Oracle??????????,????????????????????????????????Oracle???????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? Support Best Practices (formerly WEWS) ???? ?? 11?13? 15:00 ?? EBS - Support Diagnostics Tools ???? ?? 11?15? 15:00 ?? OSWatcher Black Box: How to improve performance and monitor your system automatically ???? ?? 11?15? 15:00 ?? MOS - Configuration Manager ???? ?? 11?20? 15:00 ?? Get Proactive Resolve - Answers Generic ???? ?? 11?22? 15:00 ?? MOS - Communities ???? ?? 11?27? 15:00 ?? ?????? My Oracle Support ??????????????????????,??? world clock.??????? Oracle ?????????????,??? note 603505.1 ????????????,??????????????(Mandarin)?????? Internet Explorer ??? My Oracle Support ????????????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? Creating Customer Value ???? ?? ?? Oracle Support Basics ???? ?? ?? An Introduction to My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Service Request Management ???? ?? ?? Customer User Administration ???? ?? ?? Managing Favorite ???? ?? ?? Quick Search ???? ?? ?? Hot Topic Email ???? ?? ?? Patch and Update ???? ?? ?? Site Alert ???? ?? ?? Search and Browse Features in My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Why Use Configuration Manager In The My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Enterprise Manager 11g and My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Oracle Collaborative Support ???? ?? ?? How to Escalate a Service Request within Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? ????????,?? Support Training Community ?????????? Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contact Us | Legal Notices and Terms of Use | Privacy Statement

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• Oracle????????(2012?7?)

  - by user763198

    Oracle Support Training Oracle ???????????,????????????,??????,?????Oracle??????????,????????????????????????????????Oracle???????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? My Oracle Support Basics ???? ?? 7?12? 15:00 ?? Working Effectively with Support ???? ?? 7?19? 15:00 ?? EBS - R12 Support Diagnostics Tools EBS?? ?? 7?26? 15:00 ?? ?????? My Oracle Support ??????????????????????,??? world clock.??????? Oracle ?????????????,??? note 603505.1 ????????????,??????????????(Mandarin)?????? Internet Explorer ??? My Oracle Support ????????????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? Creating Customer Value ???? ?? ?? Oracle Support Basics ???? ?? ?? An Introduction to My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Service Request Management ???? ?? ?? Customer User Administration ???? ?? ?? Managing Favorite ???? ?? ?? Hot Topic Email ???? ?? ?? Quick Search ???? ?? ?? Patch and Update ???? ?? ?? Site Alert ???? ?? ?? Search and Browse Features in My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Why Use Configuration Manager In The My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Enterprise Manager 11g and My Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? Oracle Collaborative Support ???? ?? ?? How to Escalate a Service Request within Oracle Support ???? ?? ?? ????????,?? Support Training Community ?????????? Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contact Us | Legal Notices and Terms of Use | Privacy Statement

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• 11???OTN?????????????&???? (10/24 ??)

  - by OTN-J Master

  ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???11????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????11?????????????????????????????????????????Oracle DBA & Developer Day??14?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????!10??????????? ?10/24???????? Oracle Database Appliance??? 11?6?(?)15:30 ~ 17:00 @ ??????????(??????)??????????????????????????????????·?????Oracle Database Appliance????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Database Appliance?????·???????????????·??????????????????????????Oracle Database Appliance????????????????? ?????!?????????????????? 11?7?(?)13:30 ~ 17:10 @  ??????????(??????)????????Oracle Database 11g Release2??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????·????????????????????????????? ???Java?3?????!Java?????? 11?12?(?)14:30 ~ 17:30 @  ??????????(??????)????????????????????????????????????·?????????????Java???????????????????Java???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????Java?????????????????????????????????????Java????????????????????????????? JPOUG Tech Talk Night #3 “Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c(?)” 11?12?(?)19:00 ~20:30 @ ??????????(??·???) ???????? JPOUG??????????????????????????US?Oracle ????? 2?????Oracle Database 12c??????????????????????? ???????Oracle OpenWorld?????????????????????? ???????????Web??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????! ????! ???????? ~WebLogic Server???????????~ ]?1?] ???????????????11?13?(?)18:30 ~20:00 @ ?????? ????????????(??)?WebLogic Server ??????????????????Java???????????????Java EE??????WebLogic Server?JVM???????????????????????????????????????????????WebLogic Server???????????????????WebLogic Server?????????????????????????????????????11g(10.3.6)????12c(12.1.2)??????????????????????????????? ??????WebLogic Server???????????!Oracle DBA & Developer Day 2013 11?14?(?) @ ???????????(??·???)Oracle Database?Oracle WebLogic Server?Oracle Coherence?Oracle Solaris??????????????????????????????????????1?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????·????????????????????????????????6???????????????· Oracle Database - ???????·???????????????·????· Oracle Database - ??????·??????????· Oracle Database - ??????????· Oracle Database 12c?????? (Oracle University??)· Oracle Fusion Middleware????????· Oracle Solaris?Oracle Hardware????????? ">????!????????????????????????11?19?(?)14:30 ~ 16:50 @ ??????????(??????)??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????E??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????~!!?????????????????!~????????????~?presented by ???? 11?20?(?)18:30~20:00 @ ?????????? ???? ???????(??)????·??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????!???????????????Oracle??????????????????????????????????Oracle Database ?????????????????????????????????????????Database Configuration Assitant??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Oracle Database????????????????????????????????????????Database??(??·???·??????)???????????????????????!?????! ?????????/???????????? 11?21?(?)10:00 ~ 17:30 @ ??????????(??????)?Oracle Application Testing Suite??Web?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Application Testing Suite?????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Exadata ???? ???? 11?21?(?)13:30 ~ 17:30 @ ??????????(??????)11?28?(?)13:30 ~ 17:30 @ ?????? ????????????(??)?????????????????Oracle Exadata X3 Database In-Memory Machine???·????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Exadata????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?! Click??????? in ?? ~90?????! Oracle Database 12c??? & Oracle Database ??????? ~11?22?(?)13:30~16:50 @  ???????? 406???????Oracle Database ??????????????????????????·????????????????????????????? Oracle Database12c ?????90?????????! ???????????? ~Oracle Database 12c ??? ??? ~11?27?(?)18:30 ~20:00 @ ?????????????????(???)Oracle ???????SQL????????????????????????????????????SQL?????????????????????Oracle Database 12c?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Database 12c???????????????11g?????????????? ???????????35???? ~??????·??????&Oracle Database?????? ~11?29?(?)13:30 ~16:40 @ RCC?????? 7F 704???(??)?35?????????????????? Oracle?????????????·?????? ?Enterprise Manager???????????????Tips ?????????????????!?????????????????!!

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• FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel

  - by SaveTheRbtz

  I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctl.conf/loader.conf/KENCONF. It was initially based on Igor Sysoev's (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Tunings are for FreeBSD-CURRENT. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. sysctl.conf: # No zero mapping feature # May break wine # (There are also reports about broken samba3) #security.bsd.map_at_zero=0 # If you have really busy webserver with apache13 you may run out of processes #kern.maxproc=10000 # Same for servers with apache2 / Pound #kern.threads.max_threads_per_proc=4096 # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Can cause this on older kernels: # http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=10485760 # Mbuf 2k clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 25600 is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G kern.ipc.nmbclusters=262144 # Jumbo pagesize(_SC_PAGESIZE) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=262144 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=65536 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=32768 # For lower latency you can decrease scheduler's maximum time slice # default: stathz/10 (~ 13) #kern.sched.slice=1 # Increase max command-line length showed in `ps` (e.g for Tomcat/Java) # Default is PAGE_SIZE / 16 or 256 on x86 # This avoids commands to be presented as [executable] in `ps` # For more info see: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=120749 kern.ps_arg_cache_limit=4096 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # On some systems HPET is almost 2 times faster than default ACPI-fast # Useful on systems with lots of clock_gettime / gettimeofday calls # See http://old.nabble.com/ACPI-fast-default-timecounter,-but-HPET-83--faster-td23248172.html # After revision 222222 HPET became default: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=222222 kern.timecounter.hardware=HPET # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=65535 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=65535 # Turn off receive autotuning # You can play with it. #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=0 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) # Also timestamp field is useful when using syncookies net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on high-speed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) # If you set it there is no need in TCP_NODELAY sockopt (see man tcp) net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) # This sysctl was removed in 10-CURRENT: # See: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg06178.html #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # TCP slowstart algorithm tunings # We assuming we have very fast clients #net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=100 #net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=100 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't checked it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # # stops route cache degregation during a high-bandwidth flood # http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/securing-freebsd.html #net.inet.ip.rtexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtminexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtmaxcache=1024 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # # There is also good example of sysctl.conf with comments: # http://www.thern.org/projects/sysctl.conf # # icmp may NOT rst, helpful for those pesky spoofed # icmp/udp floods that end up taking up your outgoing # bandwidth/ifqueue due to all that outgoing RST traffic. # #net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst=0 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # IPv6 Security # For more info see http://www.fosslc.org/drupal/content/security-implications-ipv6 # Disable Node info replies # To see this vulnerability in action run `ping6 -a sglAac ::1` or `ping6 -w ::1` on unprotected node net.inet6.icmp6.nodeinfo=0 # Turn on IPv6 privacy extensions # For more info see proposal http://unix.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/FreeBSD/net/2008-06/msg00103.html net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr=1 net.inet6.ip6.prefer_tempaddr=1 # Disable ICMP redirect net.inet6.icmp6.rediraccept=0 # Disable acceptation of RA and auto linklocal generation if you don't use them #net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv=0 #net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal=0 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds # (default: 30000. RFC from 1979 recommends 120000) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=200000 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becomes lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Note from commit http://svn.freebsd.org/base/head@211031 : # For systems with RAID volumes and/or virtualization envirnments, where # read performance is very important, increasing this sysctl tunable to 32 # or even more will demonstratively yield additional performance benefits. vfs.read_max=32 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 # ZFS # Enable prefetch. Useful for sequential load type i.e fileserver. # FreeBSD sets vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable to 1 on any i386 systems and # on any amd64 systems with less than 4GB of avaiable memory # For additional info check this nabble thread http://old.nabble.com/Samba-read-speed-performance-tuning-td27964534.html #vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable=0 # On highload servers you may notice following message in dmesg: # "Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the # vm.pmap.shpgperproc or the vm.pmap.pv_entry_max tunable" vm.pmap.shpgperproc=2048 loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Useful when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Linux specific devices in /dev # As for 8.1 it only /dev/full #lindev_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load="YES" #siis_load="YES" # FreeBSD 8.2+ # New Congestion Control for FreeBSD # http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools/cc_chd-readme-0.1.txt # http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/78/slides/iccrg-5.pdf # Initial merge commit message http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg31410.html #cc_chd_load="YES" # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # If your server has lots of swap (>4Gb) you should increase following value # according to http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-October/029616.html # Otherwise you'll be getting errors # "kernel: swap zone exhausted, increase kern.maxswzone" # kern.maxswzone="256M" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 10% of mem) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # FreeBSD 9+ # HPET "legacy route" support. It should allow HPET to work per-CPU # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg03603.html #hint.atrtc.0.clock=0 #hint.attimer.0.clock=0 #hint.hpet.0.legacy_route=1 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=512 net.inet.tcp.syncache.cachelimit=65536 # Increased hostcache # Later host cache can be viewed via net.inet.tcp.hostcache.list hidden sysctl # Very useful for it's RTT RTTVAR # Must be power of two net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize=65536 # hashsize * bucketlimit (which is 30 by default) # It allocates 255Mb (1966080*136) of RAM net.inet.tcp.hostcache.cachelimit=1966080 # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Disable ipfw deny all # Should be uncommented when there is a chance that # kernel and ipfw binary may be out-of sync on next reboot #net.inet.ip.fw.default_to_accept=1 # # SIFTR (Statistical Information For TCP Research) is a kernel module that # logs a range of statistics on active TCP connections to a log file. # See prerelease notes http://groups.google.com/group/mailing.freebsd.current/browse_thread/thread/b4c18be6cdce76e4 # and man 4 sitfr #siftr_load="YES" # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em/igb drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg # sysctl dev.em.0.debug=1 ; dmesg # Also after r209242 (-CURRENT) there is a separate sysctl for each stat variable; # Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.maxthreads=4 #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # # FreeBSD 9.x+ # Increase interface send queue length # See commit message http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&revision=207554 #net.link.ifqmaxlen=1024 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is KERNCONF: # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU >= 4k # This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets # Also this epic thread on kernel trap: # http://kerneltrap.org/node/6506 # Here Linus says that "anybody that does it that way (FreeBSD) is totally incompetent" #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE # There was stackoverflow found in KAME IPSec stack: # See http://secunia.com/advisories/43995/ # For quick workaround you can use `ipfw add deny proto ipcomp` options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL # On 8.1+ you can disable verbose to see blocked packets on ipfw0 interface. # Also there is no point in compiling verbose into the kernel, because # now there is net.inet.ip.fw.verbose tunable. #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron device amdtemp # Same for Intel processors device coretemp # man 4 cpuctl device cpuctl # CPU control pseudo-device # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # Debug & DTrace options KDB # Kernel debugger related code options KDB_TRACE # Print a stack trace for a panic options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only(?) options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks #options DDB #options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (8.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 # FreeBSD 8.1+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html # (FYI: "resolution" is panic so use with caution) #options DEADLKRES # Increase maximum size of Raw I/O and sendfile(2) readahead #options MAXPHYS=(1024*1024) #options MAXBSIZE=(1024*1024) # For scheduler debug enable following option. # Debug will be available via `kern.sched.stats` sysctl # For more information see http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/conf/NOTES?view=markup #options SCHED_STATS If you are tuning network for maximum performance you may wish to play with ifconfig options like: # You can list all capabilities via `ifconfig -m` ifconfig [-]rxcsum [-]txcsum [-]tso [-]lro mtu In case you've enabled DDB in kernel config, you should edit your /etc/ddb.conf and add something like this to enable automatic reboot (and textdump as bonus): script kdb.enter.panic=textdump set; capture on; show pcpu; bt; ps; alltrace; capture off; call doadump; reset script kdb.enter.default=textdump set; capture on; bt; ps; capture off; call doadump; reset And do not forget to add ddb_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf Since FreeBSD 9 you can select to enable/disable flowcontrol on your NIC: # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control and # http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg07927.html for additional info ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. FreeBSD WIP * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 7? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 8? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 9? So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

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• Where to find new Micro-BTX (uBTX) motherboards? Or should I just replace the box?

  - by John Rudy

  OK, so I'm guessing that it's dead. It's not my machine, and the owner is on a very fixed (IE, none) income. I'm generous, but I'm not that generous, since I already gave him what (at the time) was a fully functional and fairly well-equipped machine. (Aside from the mobo and proc, almost nothing else in it was stock. I'd taken it up to 3GB of RAM, upgraded the hard drive, added a decent video card, installed a wireless adapter, running Vista, etc.) According to further research, the machine uses a Micro-BTX (uBTX) motherboard, and since it's an AMD Athlon64, the AM2 socket. So I'm looking at a few options, and am wondering what's the best route to take? Find an AM2 socket uBTX mobo. I can't find them new online anywhere, leading me to believe that this is an obsolete form factor/chip combination. I don't want a refurb or a system pull because, quite honestly, once I deal with this mess, I don't want to go through it again in another year or two. Find an Intel uBTX mobo and a (relatively -- hah, I still want at least a dual-core) inexpensive Intel CPU. At this point, the only things stock in the machine would be the case and the PSU. :) Buy a bare-bones kit (mobo/proc/PSU/case, sometimes even RAM) from somewhere like CompUSA/TigerDirect or Fry's and move all of the other hardware over. This makes life difficult because the copy of Vista is an upgrade, tied to the copy of XP which shipped on the Gateway, which is OEM and won't install on the new box. :) If I change the CPU brand (AMD to Intel), will I need to reinstall Windows, or can it just be reactivated? Where can I actually find a new, in-box, not system pull, not refurb AM2 uBTX mobo? Do they even exist anymore? What kind of money are we talking (US dollars)? The end goal is to get the machine functional again as cheaply as humanly possible. If it were my own machine, I wouldn't even be asking this, I'd be custom-building a new one. However, it's not mine, I'm shelling out of pocket for the fix (plus the work), and thus want to keep that end price low-low-low.

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• Globe SSL with NGINX SSL certificate problem, please help

  - by PartySoft

  I have a big problem with installing a certificat for nginx (same happends with apache though) I have 3 files __domain_com.crt __domain_com.ca-bundle and ssl.key. I tried to append cat __domain_com.crt __leechpack_com.ca-bundle bundle.crt but if I do it like this i get an error: [emerg]: SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file("/etc/nginx/__leechpack_com.crt") failed (SSL: error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line error:140DC009:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file:PEM lib) And that's because the delimiters of the certificates arren't separated. ZqTjb+WBJQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----------BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIE6DCCA9CgAwIBAgIQdIYhlpUQySkmKUvMi/gpLDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBv If i separate them with an enter between certificated it will at least start but i will get the same warning from Firefox: This Connection is Untrusted You have asked Firefox to connect securely to domain.com, but we can't confirm that your connection is secure. The concatenate solution it is given by Globe SSL and the NGINX site but it doesn't work. I think the bundle is ignored though. http://customer.globessl.com/knowledgebase/55/Certificate-Installation--Nginx.html http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/configuring_https_servers.html#chains%20http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpSslModule if i do openssl s_client -connect down.leechpack.com:443 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=27:certificate not trusted verify return:1 depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com i:/C=RO/O=GLOBE HOSTING CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY/CN=GLOBE SSL Domain Validated CA 1 s:/C=US/O=Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=GlobeSSL DV Certification Authority/CN=GlobeSSL CA i:/C=SE/O=AddTrust AB/OU=AddTrust External TTP Network/CN=AddTrust External CA Root --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIFQzCCBCugAwIBAgIQRnpCmtwX7z7GTla0QktE6DANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBl MQswCQYDVQQGEwJSTzEuMCwGA1UEChMlR0xPQkUgSE9TVElORyBDRVJUSUZJQ0FU SU9OIEFVVEhPUklUWTEmMCQGA1UEAxMdR0xPQkUgU1NMIERvbWFpbiBWYWxpZGF0 ZWQgQ0EwHhcNMTAwMjExMDAwMDAwWhcNMTEwMjExMjM1OTU5WjCBjTEhMB8GA1UE CxMYRG9tYWluIENvbnRyb2wgVmFsaWRhdGVkMSgwJgYDVQQLEx9Qcm92aWRlZCBi eSBHbG9iZSBIb3N0aW5nLCBJbmMuMSQwIgYDVQQLExtHbG9iZSBTdGFuZGFyZCBX aWxkY2FyZCBTU0wxGDAWBgNVBAMUDyoubGVlY2hwYWNrLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZI hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAKX7jECMlYEtcvqVWQVUpXNxO/VaHELghqy/ Ml8dOfOXG29ZMZsKUMqS0jXEwd+Bdpm31lBxOALkj8o79hX0tspLMjgtCnreaker 49y62BcjfguXRFAaiseXTNbMer5lDWiHlf1E7uCoTTiczGqBNfl6qSJlpe4rYBtq XxBAiygaNba6Owghuh19+Uj8EICb2pxbJNFfNzU1D9InFdZSVqKHYBem4Cdrtxua W4+YONsfLnnfkRQ6LOLeYExHziTQhSavSv9XaCl9Zqzm5/eWbQqLGRpSJoEPY/0T GqnmeMIq5M35SWZgOVV10j3pOCS8o0zpp7hMJd2R/HwVaPCLjukCAwEAAaOCAcQw ggHAMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFB9UlnKtPUDnlln3STFTCWb5DWtyMB0GA1UdDgQWBBT0 8rPIMr7JDa2Xs5he5VXAvMWArjAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIw ADAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwVQYDVR0gBE4wTDBKBgsr BgEEAbIxAQICGzA7MDkGCCsGAQUFBwIBFi1odHRwOi8vd3d3Lmdsb2Jlc3NsLmNv bS9kb2NzL0dsb2JlU1NMX0NQUy5wZGYwRgYDVR0fBD8wPTA7oDmgN4Y1aHR0cDov L2NybC5nbG9iZXNzbC5jb20vR0xPQkVTU0xEb21haW5WYWxpZGF0ZWRDQS5jcmww dwYIKwYBBQUHAQEEazBpMEEGCCsGAQUFBzAChjVodHRwOi8vY3J0Lmdsb2Jlc3Ns LmNvbS9HTE9CRVNTTERvbWFpblZhbGlkYXRlZENBLmNydDAkBggrBgEFBQcwAYYY aHR0cDovL29jc3AuZ2xvYmVzc2wuY29tMCkGA1UdEQQiMCCCDyoubGVlY2hwYWNr LmNvbYINbGVlY2hwYWNrLmNvbTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAB2Y7vQsq065K s+/n6nJ8ZjOKbRSPEiSuFO+P7ovlfq9OLaWRHUtJX0sLntnWY1T9hVPvS5xz/Ffl w9B8g/EVvvfMyOw/5vIyvHq722fAAC1lWU1rV3ww0ng5bgvD20AgOlIaYBvRq8EI 5Dxo2og2T1UjDN44GOSWsw5jetvVQ+SPeNPQLWZJS9pNCzFQ/3QDWNPOvHqEeRcz WkOTCqbOSZYvoSPvZ3APh+1W6nqiyoku/FCv9otSCtXPKtyVa23hBQ+iuxqIM4/R gncnUKASi6KQrWMQiAI5UDCtq1c09uzjw+JaEzAznxEgqftTOmXAJSQGqZGd6HpD ZqTjb+WBJQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com issuer=/C=RO/O=GLOBE HOSTING CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY/CN=GLOBE SSL Domain Validated CA --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 3313 bytes and written 343 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 5F9C8DC277A372E28A4684BAE5B311533AD30E251369D144A13DECA3078E067F Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 9B531A75347E6E7D19D95365C1208F2ED37E4004AA8F71FC614A18937BEE2ED9F82D58925E0B3931492AD3D2AA6EFD3B Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1288618211 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate) ---

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• IIS7 dynamic_compression_not_success Reason 12

  - by Peter Oehlert

  So, I'm a bit of an IIS7 n00b but I've used most of the old IIS systems going back to 3. I'm trying to turn on dynamic compression and it's working, mostly. It doesn't work for my ADO.Net Data Service (Astoria) requests, batched or not. I found the freb tracing which was really helpful. And what I come up with unbatched requests is that it returns Reason Code 12, NO_MATCHING_CONTENT_TYPE. OK, so I don't have the matching mime type specified, that's easy. Except this is what I have in my web.config (which I think is correct, but maybe not). <httpCompression dynamicCompressionDisableCpuUsage="100" dynamicCompressionEnableCpuUsage="100" noCompressionForHttp10="false" noCompressionForProxies="false" noCompressionForRange="false" sendCacheHeaders="true" staticCompressionDisableCpuUsage="100" staticCompressionEnableCpuUsage="100"> <dynamicTypes> <clear/> <add mimeType="*/*" enabled="true" /> </dynamicTypes> <staticTypes> <clear/> <add mimeType="*/*" enabled="true" /> </staticTypes> </httpCompression> <urlCompression doDynamicCompression="true" doStaticCompression="true" dynamicCompressionBeforeCache="false" /> Now I think that this means it should compress any request that includes the Accept:Gzip header. I'd love to know what others might think here. My fiddler trace: GET /SecurityDataService.svc/GetCurrentAccount HTTP/1.1 Accept-Charset: UTF-8 Accept-Language: en-us dataserviceversion: 1.0;Silverlight Accept: application/atom+xml,application/xml maxdataserviceversion: 1.0;Silverlight Referer: http://sdev03/apptestpage.aspx Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; OfficeLiveConnector.1.4; OfficeLivePatch.1.3) Host: sdev03 Connection: Keep-Alive Cookie: .ASPXAUTH=<snip> HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: no-cache Content-Type: application/atom+xml;charset=utf-8 Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.0 DataServiceVersion: 1.0; X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2010 22:29:06 GMT Content-Length: 2726 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?> *** <snip> removed ***

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• /server-status shows over 240 requests like "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "Apache (internal dummy c

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  Some details: Webserver: Apache/2.2.13 (FreeBSD) mod_ssl/2.2.13 OpenSSL/0.9.8e OS: FreeBSD 7.2-RELEASE This is a FreeBSD Jail. I believe I use the Apache 'prefork' MPM (I run the default for FreeBSD). I use the default values for MaxClients (256) I have enabled mod_status, with "ExtendedStatus On". When I view /server-status , I see a handful of regular requests. I also see over 240 requests from the 'localhost', like these. 37-0 - 0/0/1 . 0.00 1510 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 127.0.0.2 www.example.gov OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 38-0 - 0/0/1 . 0.00 1509 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 127.0.0.2 www.example.gov OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 39-0 - 0/0/3 . 0.00 1482 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 127.0.0.2 www.example.gov OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 40-0 - 0/0/6 . 0.00 1445 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 127.0.0.2 www.example.gov OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 I also see about 2417 requests yesterday from the localhost, like these: Apr 14 11:16:40 192.168.16.127 httpd[431]: www.example.gov 127.0.0.2 - - [15/Apr/2010:11:16:40 -0700] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "Apache (internal dummy connection)" The page at http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/InternalDummyConnection says "These requests are perfectly normal and you do not, in general, need to worry about them", but I'm not so sure. Why are there over 230 of these? Are these active connections? If I have "MaxClients 256", and over 230 of these connections, it seems that my webserver is dangerously close to running out of available connections. It also seems like Apache should only need a handful of these "internal dummy connections" We actually had two unexplained outages last night, and I am wondering if these "internal dummy connection" caused us to run out of available connections. UPDATE 2010/04/16 It is 8 hours later. The /server-status page still shows that there are 243 lines which say "www.example.gov OPTION *". I believe these connections are not active. The server is mostly idle (1 requests currently being processed, 9 idle workers). There are only 18 active httpd processes on the Unix host. If these connections are not active, why do they show up under /server-status? I would have expected them to expire a few minutes after they were initialized.

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• Microsoft CRM Dynamics Install

  - by Pino

  Trying to install CRM4.0 on Windows Small Business Server. We get through the isntall process (Setting up database, website, AD etc) when we clikc install though the following error is dumped to the log file, anyone point us in the right directon? 13:49:07| Info| Win32Exception: 1635 13:49:07| Error| Failed to revoke temporary database access.System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Cannot open database "MSCRM_CONFIG" requested by the login. The login failed. Login failed for user 'SCHIP\administrator'. at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Run(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.CompleteLogin(Boolean enlistOK) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.AttemptOneLogin(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, Int64 timerExpire, SqlConnection owningObject) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.LoginNoFailover(String host, String newPassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance, SqlConnection owningObject, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, Int64 timerStart) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.OpenLoginEnlist(SqlConnection owningObject, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, String newPassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds..ctor(DbConnectionPoolIdentity identity, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, Object providerInfo, String newPassword, SqlConnection owningObject, Boolean redirectedUserInstance) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionFactory.CreateConnection(DbConnectionOptions options, Object poolGroupProviderInfo, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnection owningConnection) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.CreateNonPooledConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionPoolGroup poolGroup) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.GetConnection(DbConnection owningConnection) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionClosed.OpenConnection(DbConnection outerConnection, DbConnectionFactory connectionFactory) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.Open() at Microsoft.Crm.CrmDbConnection.Open() at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Database.SharedDatabaseUtility.DeleteDBUser(String sqlServerName, String databaseName, String user, CrmDBConnectionType connectionType) at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Server.RevokeConfigDBDatabaseAccessAction.Do(IDictionary parameters) 13:49:07| Error| HResult=80004005 Install exception.System.Exception: Action Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Server.MsiInstallServerAction failed. --- System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception: This update package could not be opened. Verify that the update package exists and that you can access it, or contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer update package at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Common.Utility.MsiUtility.InstallProduct(String packagePath, String commandLine) at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Server.MsiInstallServerAction.Do(IDictionary parameters) at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Common.Action.ExecuteAction(Action action, IDictionary parameters, Boolean undo) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Common.Action.ExecuteAction(Action action, IDictionary parameters, Boolean undo) at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Common.Installer.Install(IDictionary stateSaver) at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Common.ComposedInstaller.InternalInstall(IDictionary stateSaver) at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Common.ComposedInstaller.Install(IDictionary stateSaver) at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Server.ServerSetup.Install(IDictionary data) at Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Server.ServerSetup.Run() 13:49:07| Info| Microsoft Dynamics CRM Server install Failed. 13:49:07| Info| Microsoft Dynamics CRM Server Setup did not complete successfully. Action Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Server.MsiInstallServerAction failed. This update package could not be opened. Verify that the update package exists and that you can access it, or contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer update package

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• PHP-FPM High Memory Usage

  - by Ruel

  I have a wordpress blog, that uses WP-SuperCache, and normally I get 100 visitors per day. With nginx + php-fpm it's blazing fast, and I have no regrets. One thing i noticed, php-fpm takes a lot of memory: top - 09:20:43 up 5 days, 15:53, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 26 total, 1 running, 25 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1048576k total, 329956k used, 718620k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10226 www-data 15 0 145m 52m 4584 S 0.0 5.1 0:07.55 php-fpm 10223 www-data 16 0 141m 48m 4692 S 0.0 4.8 0:08.70 php-fpm 20277 www-data 15 0 138m 46m 4368 S 0.0 4.5 0:07.55 php-fpm 20259 www-data 15 0 133m 41m 4600 S 0.0 4.0 0:06.68 php-fpm 12201 www-data 15 0 133m 41m 4632 S 0.0 4.0 0:08.31 php-fpm 11586 www-data 15 0 132m 40m 4292 S 0.0 3.9 0:03.27 php-fpm 29822 www-data 15 0 128m 36m 4356 S 0.0 3.6 0:05.26 php-fpm 28427 mysql 15 0 200m 7300 4764 S 0.0 0.7 0:47.89 mysqld 10202 root 18 0 98.3m 4320 1204 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.80 php-fpm 22524 root 18 0 86064 3396 2652 S 0.0 0.3 0:16.74 sshd 9882 www-data 18 0 42052 2572 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:27.52 nginx 9884 www-data 18 0 42052 2560 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:26.26 nginx 9881 www-data 18 0 42064 2524 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:29.24 nginx 9879 www-data 18 0 42032 2480 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:29.58 nginx 23771 root 15 0 12176 1820 1316 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.08 bash 28344 root 22 0 11932 1416 1184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mysqld_safe 18167 root 16 0 62628 1208 648 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.55 sshd 25941 root 15 0 12612 1192 928 R 0.0 0.1 0:02.21 top 11573 root 15 0 20876 1168 592 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.67 crond 9878 root 18 0 41000 1112 284 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 nginx 21736 root 23 0 21648 936 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 xinetd 11585 root 18 0 46748 816 428 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 saslauthd 14125 root 12 -4 12768 768 452 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 udevd 1 root 18 0 10352 728 616 S 0.0 0.1 0:17.93 init 24564 root 15 0 5912 680 544 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.90 syslogd 11618 root 18 0 46748 548 160 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 saslauthd Here's my php-fpm config: [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid error_log = log/php-fpm.log log_level = notice [www] listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 user = www-data group = www-data pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 3 pm.min_spare_servers = 3 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pm.max_requests = 500 Sometimes it goes up to 400MB. And I'm planning to add a new website on my VPS. Is this normal?

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• Random servers in Citrix servers suddenly bluescreens (mostly 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e)

  - by Rasmus Rask

  I'm responsible for a Citrix Presentation Server 4.5 farm. Starting Friday 30. November, my servers started to crash randomly. So far we've experienced 80 crashes, so it's obviously becoming an increasingly big problem for us. I have 12+ years experience with IT, so I know the difference between 0 and 1, but I have a hard time cracking this. We've rolled back any recent changes I can think of for different groups of servers, but all groups still seem to crash. I don't have the skills to interpret the memory dumps to find the culprit. Has anyone encountered the same or a similar problem? - might be a generic Windows issue Other than executing "analyze -v" in WinDbg, how do I work my way through the memory dumps to see what actually triggered the BSOD? Any suggested steps in getting to the bottom of this? Any help is greatly appreciated. I can also provide links to kernel memory dumps or WinDbg output if necessary. Thanks! Problem description The majority of the STOP errors we encounter are: 0x0000008e KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED (50%) 0x0000007e SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED (26%) 0x00000050 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA (21%) We also see a few 0x0000000a IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (3%). For both 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e bug checks, the exception code is 0xc0000005 (Access Violation). When opening dump files in WinDbg, most details are exactly the same, for all the 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e bug checks respectively: 0x0000008e Exception address: 0x808bc9e3 Trap frame: [varies] FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: 0x8E_nt!HvpGetCellMapped+97 Probably Caused by (IMAGE_NAME): ntkrpamp.exe 0x0000007e Exception address: 0x808369b6 Exception record address: 0xf70d3be0 Context record address: 0xf70d38dc FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: 0x7E_nt!MmPurgeSection+14 Probably Caused by: memory_corruption About 30% of the crashes happens between 17:00 and 19:00, which leads me to believe this tend to happen more often during logoffs. But then again, only ~15% occurs between 15:00 and 17:00. Summary of farm Citrix Presentation Server 4.5 R06 on Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2 All high priority patches, at least as of October installed Virtualized using VMWare ESX/vSphere 4.1 on HP Proliant BL460c G6 blade servers About 53 Presentation Servers in production, divided into three silos - only one of which, the largest, is affected 2 vCPU's (5 GHz reserved), 8 GB RAM (all reserved) for each Presentation Server Plenty of free disk space Very few printer drivers - automated deletion of non-approved drivers every night ~1.000 peak concurrent users, which is reached at around 10:30 (on weekdays) Number of sessions steadily decline between 15:00 and 19:00 to ~230

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• Installing OpenLDAP on Fedora 12: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49)

  - by Arcturus

  Hello. I've been trying to set up the OpenLDAP installed by default on Fedora 12, very unsuccessfully. My ultimate goal is to use LDAP authentication for user login and Apache, using the OpenLDAP server running on the same machine. The server is running, but the error I always get when I try to use ldapsearch or ldapadd is: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49) I've been following these tutorials, but none of them helped me: http://www.howtoforge.com/openldap_fedora7 http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9-Manual/ref-guide/s1-ldap-quickstart.html http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_ldap_authentication http://docs.fedoraproject.org/deployment-guide/f12/en-US/html/s1-ldap-pam.html http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/quickstart.html First, some components were already installed, and I installed these with yum: yum install openldap-servers openldap-devel Then, I created a basic slapd.conf file in /etc/openldap: database bdb suffix "dc=sniejana-sandbox,dc=com" rootdn "cn=root,dc=sniejana-sandbox,dc=com" rootpw {SSHA}cxdz55ygPu4T3ykg7dgu+L0VRvsFSeom directory /var/lib/ldap/sniejana-sandbox.com I obtained the rootpw with this command: slappasswd -s changeme I also created the /var/lib/ldap/sniejana-sandbox.com directory and made sure the entire contents of /var/lib/ldap were owned by the ldap user. I found two ldap.conf files, one in /etc and one in /etc/openldap. I don't know which is the right one. If I understood correctly, this file is to configure the client. I put this in both: HOST localhost BASE dc=sniejana-sandbox,dc=com I then ran the server with: service slapd start It said OK. Most of the tutorials above say to use the command ldapsearch -D "cn=Manager,dc=my-domain,dc=com" -W to ensure that everything's working. When I execute this command, a password prompt appears, and after entering the password, I get the error. ldapsearch -D "cn=root,dc=sniejana-sandbox,dc=com" -W Enter LDAP password: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49) The same thing happens when trying to use ldapadd. I tried with an encrypted and unencrypted password in slapd.conf, it doesn't change anything. Adding a -x for simple authentication doesn't change anything either. netstat -ap confirms the server is listening: tcp 0 0 *:ldap *:* LISTEN 4148/slapd tcp 0 0 *:ldap *:* LISTEN 4148/slapd ps -ef|grep slapd confirms the process is running: ldap 4148 1 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/slapd -h ldap:/// -u ldap Running slaptest procudes config file testing succeeded. I read somewhere that the command ldapsearch -x -b '' -s base '(objectclass=*)' namingContext can confirm the server is running. It appears to work: # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <> with scope baseObject # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: namingContext # # dn: # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 2 # numEntries: 1 I'm running out of ideas. Am I missing something obvious?

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• Unable to mount XP share using fs-cifs from Linux

  - by MetalSearGolid

  I have a head unit that runs Linux that is connected to my PC via an Ethernet cable. I have a Windows XP share on this PC that the head unit needs to be able to mount, however, when mounting using the following command, it fails. Here is the command that fails, along with the verbose output: # fs-cifs -vvvvvvvvv -l //CUMBRIA-XP:192.168.1.2:/hnet /mnt/net cifs[2158679-1]: starting... cifs[2158679-1]: user is to input both name & passwd. cifs[2158679-1]: server [192.168.1.2] share [hnet] prefix [/mnt/net] user [nu ll] passwd [null] Welcome: 192.168.1.2(:/hnet) -> /mnt/net Username:headunit cifs[2158679-1]: user name: headunit length 8 cifs[2158679-1]: new server Password: cifs[2158679-1]: establishing connection to (192.168.1.2)CUMBRIA-XP cifs[2158679-1]: session request: 192.168.1.2:CUMBRIA-XP -> localhost cifs[2158679-1]: negotiating smb dialect cifs[2158679-1]: skey(idx=2): 00000000, challenge:(8), 6137bfa2 f2d7803b cifs[2158679-1]: negotiation: success with dialect=2 cifs[2158679-1]: logging headunit on 192.168.1.2 cifs[2158679-1]: new packet cifs[2158679-1]: returning: mid 0 status= 0 cifs[2158679-1]: smb_logon successful: dialect 2 enpass 1 cifs[2158679-1]: mounting 192.168.1.2:/hnet cifs[2158679-1]: returning: mid 1 status= 13 cifs[2158679-1]: smb_mount: Bad file descriptor cifs[2158679-1]: try upper case share. cifs[2158679-1]: session request: 192.168.1.2:CUMBRIA-XP -> localhost cifs[2158679-1]: negotiating smb dialect cifs[2158679-1]: skey(idx=2): 00000000, challenge:(8), 2d3e910f e3e148c4 cifs[2158679-1]: negotiation: success with dialect=2 cifs[2158679-1]: logging headunit on 192.168.1.2 cifs[2158679-1]: returning: mid 2 status= 0 cifs[2158679-1]: smb_logon successful: dialect 2 enpass 1 cifs[2158679-1]: mounting 192.168.1.2:/HNET cifs[2158679-1]: returning: mid 3 status= 13 cifs[2158679-1]: smb_mount: Bad file descriptor cifs[2158679-1]: mount failed. cifs[2158679-1]: io_mount: smb_connection failed: Bad file descriptor io_mount: Bad file descriptor cifs[2158679-1]: user is to input both name & passwd. fs-cifs: missing arguments, or all mount attempts failed. run "use fs-cifs" or "fs-cifs -h" for help. Any ideas? It is worthy to note that /mnt does not exist on the filesystem, but I was told by the company who gave us these units that fs-cifs should automatically create the /mnt/net folders if they don't exist.

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• How to set up a mini call center?

  - by Ralph

  I'm trying to figure out how to set up a miniature call center for a small business. Like, for 1-4 people to take calls, but hopefully expandable to more. We want to accept nation-wide calls, and then I guess distribute the calls among the available agents. If no one is available, I guess it should either put them in a queue and play some annoying music for them, or forward to call to an agent who has least-recently taken a call who can then quickly answer and say "please hold" until they're done their call. We want to have one phone number that customers can call. I guess we then need some kind of ACD system which would take each call and forward it to an agent based on some algorithm? Then we would need to purchase a separate phone line for each agent, plus one just for the distributor? Or do we need several "extra" lines to maintain a queue (one for each customer waiting too)? This "ACD" thing, is it just a device that you would plug a phone line into (or several?), and maybe connect to a computer, aided by some software? Or is a subscription thing that I would need from my local telephone provider? Next, the business we're running, the callers will be repeat customers. It would be helpful to automatically pull up their profile based on the incoming number. The "software" our agents will be running will just be a website where they can log in (preferably from home) and then enter some information they would obtain through the call. So, the system would have to somehow interface with the website if possible. If not, we'll just have to ask each customer for an identifier (phone number, username, customer number, or something). Is this possible? I guess each computer would need a device that the call would pass through, and then if I can somehow hook into that, then I can write some software that will interface with the site. So, where do I start? What hardware do we need to buy? What subscriptions do we need? We were thinking this magicJack might help us in accepting long-distance calls for cheaper, but my understanding is that they provide you with some weird-looking number, is there a way we could "mask" it with our toll-free number? And then pass the incoming calls through the distributor system, which would then get passed to the call-accepting device which would both allow an agent to answer the call and have a software hook? (I realize this might be partially out of the scope of SU, but I wasn't sure where else to ask. It is about computer(-aided) hardware and software anyway.) P.S.: I don't need any of that "press 1 to talk to..." or "say xyz to..." junk. Just a straight-forward, connect-to-next-available-agent system.

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• Proxying webmin with nginx

  - by TheLQ

  I am attempting to proxy webmin behind nginx for various reasons that are outside the scope of this question. However I've been trying for a while now and can't seem to figure it out and think I'm to the point where I've exhausted all the permutations of the config file I can think of. What I have now: relevant nginx config (commented out options removed, I tried many) # Proxy for webmin location /admin/quackwall-webmin { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10000; # Also tried ending with /admin/quackwall-webmin proxy_set_header Host $host; } /etc/webmin/config - Relevant parts webprefix=/admin/quackwall-webmin webprefixnoredir=1 referer=(nginx domain name) Webmin itself is on the standard ports, listening on all addresses temporarily for debugging. SSL has been disabled for right now. So I make a standard request for the login page. However all the CSS and images are broken, with the standard login page returned for all of the resources. In the webmin miniserv logs I see 127.0.0.1 - - [29/Oct/2012:12:29:00 -0400] "GET /admin/quackwall-webmin/session_login.cgi HTTP/1.0" 401 2453 127.0.0.1 - - [29/Oct/2012:12:29:01 -0400] "GET /admin/quackwall-webmin/unauthenticated/style.css HTTP/1.0" 401 2453 127.0.0.1 - - [29/Oct/2012:12:29:01 -0400] "GET /admin/quackwall-webmin/unauthenticated/sorttable.js HTTP/1.0" 401 2453 127.0.0.1 - - [29/Oct/2012:12:29:01 -0400] "GET /admin/quackwall-webmin/unauthenticated/toggleview.js HTTP/1.0" 401 2453 So all the URL's are returning 401s. Interestingly ngrep seems to show that the requests suceeded on the backend communication between nginx and webmin T 127.0.0.1:58908 -> 127.0.0.1:10000 [AP] POST /admin/quackwall-webmin/session_login.cgi HTTP/1.0..Host: (host)..Connection: close..User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW 64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0..Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8..Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5. .Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate..Referer: http://(host)/admin/quackwall-webmin/session_login.cgi..Cookie: testing=1..Cache-Control: ma x-age=0..Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded..Content-Length: 41....page=%2F&user=(user)&pass=(pass) T 127.0.0.1:10000 -> 127.0.0.1:58908 [AP] HTTP/1.0 200 Document follows.. Various other permutations of these config options and others show similar results, with the URL sent to webmin by nginx either being /admin/quackwall-webmin/session_login.cgi, /admin/quackwall-webmin//session_login.cgi, and just /session_login.cgi. All give 201 Unauthenticated responses. All requests, even those that somewhat succeed (as in I can actually load the resources of the page) Is changing the webprefix in webmin even supported? What am I doing wrong? What else can I try?

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• Accidentally Removed Permissions for the XP SP3 Registry key HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT! Workaround Please!

  - by Praveen Kumar

  This is Praveen and I am using Microsoft Windows XP SP3 Build 2600. I had problems with using Microsoft Office 2010. It was keeping on saying, "Please wait while windows configures Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2010". After seeing this link: http://social.answers.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/outlookcontact/thread/6e9c3f2e-010a-4b74-b433-0c41548ee468?prof=required I thought of giving the Registry Key: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, full access permissions for Everyone. I went to the registry, right-clicked on HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT and clicked on Permissions. I added Everyone and gave Full Control to the ACL and clicked on Apply. Also I checked "Replace permission entries on all child objects with entries shown here that apply to child objects." After a long time, it said with an error, cannot replace for few entries. Now, the key, HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT has no access to any user. My system is not starting up. Some of my friends asked me to try the Last Known Good Configuration. Even that did not work out. When I tried to open in the Safe Mode, I got only one driver to load and even that didn't load well. Another friend suggested me to put the Setup disk and reinstall the OS. I tried that and after completing the "Installing Device Drivers" part, when it started "Installing Network", the system is getting restarted. Now, the setup is also half way through and even if I open in Safe Mode to try System Restore, it popped up a message saying, "Setup cannot run under Safe Mode. Setup will restart now." and the system is restarting. All my official files and my software, which I developed for Registry Security, resides in my system now. I am unable to access the system and I want it to be working to submit the project, as the deadline is this week. I had no better solutions from elsewhere. Can anyone please help me out with this issue. If it is possible to open the registry editor's stored file from another system and restore the access permissions, I hope it would solve the problem. Please do help me. Thanking You, Praveen.

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• Monitoring slow nginx/unicorn requests

  - by injekt

  I'm currently using Nginx to proxy requests to a Unicorn server running a Sinatra application. The application only has a couple of routes defined, those of which make fairly simple (non costly) queries to a PostgreSQL database, and finally return data in JSON format, these services are being monitored by God. I'm currently experiencing extremely slow response times from this application server. I have another two Unicorn servers being proxied via Nginx, and these are responding perfectly fine, so I think I can rule out any wrong doing from Nginx. Here is my God configuration: # God configuration APP_ROOT = File.expand_path '../', File.dirname(__FILE__) God.watch do |w| w.name = "app_name" w.interval = 30.seconds # default w.start = "cd #{APP_ROOT} && unicorn -c #{APP_ROOT}/config/unicorn.rb -D" # -QUIT = graceful shutdown, waits for workers to finish their current request before finishing w.stop = "kill -QUIT `cat #{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid`" w.restart = "kill -USR2 `cat #{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid`" w.start_grace = 10.seconds w.restart_grace = 10.seconds w.pid_file = "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid" # User under which to run the process w.uid = 'web' w.gid = 'web' # Cleanup the pid file (this is needed for processes running as a daemon) w.behavior(:clean_pid_file) # Conditions under which to start the process w.start_if do |start| start.condition(:process_running) do |c| c.interval = 5.seconds c.running = false end end # Conditions under which to restart the process w.restart_if do |restart| restart.condition(:memory_usage) do |c| c.above = 150.megabytes c.times = [3, 5] # 3 out of 5 intervals end restart.condition(:cpu_usage) do |c| c.above = 50.percent c.times = 5 end end w.lifecycle do |on| on.condition(:flapping) do |c| c.to_state = [:start, :restart] c.times = 5 c.within = 5.minute c.transition = :unmonitored c.retry_in = 10.minutes c.retry_times = 5 c.retry_within = 2.hours end end end Here is my Unicorn configuration: # Unicorn configuration file APP_ROOT = File.expand_path '../', File.dirname(__FILE__) worker_processes 8 preload_app true pid "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid" listen 8001 stderr_path "#{APP_ROOT}/log/unicorn.stderr.log" stdout_path "#{APP_ROOT}/log/unicorn.stdout.log" before_fork do |server, worker| old_pid = "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid.oldbin" if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH # someone else did our job for us end end end I have checked God status logs but it appears CPU and Memory Usage are never out of bounds. I also have something to kill high memory workers, which can be found on the GitHub blog page here. When running a tail -f on the Unicorn logs I see some requests, but they're far and few between, when I was at around 60-100 a second before this trouble seemed to have arrived. This log also shows workers being reaped and started as expected. So my question is, how would I go about debugging this? What are the next steps I should be taking? I'm extremely baffled that the server will sometimes respond quickly, but at others time it's very slow, for long periods of time (which may or may not be peak traffic times). Any advice is much appreciated.

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• Two network adapters on Ubuntu Server 9.10 - Can't have both working at once?

  - by Rob

  I'm trying to set up two network adapters in Ubuntu (server edition) 9.10. One for the public internet, the other a private LAN. During the install, I was asked to pick a primary network adapter (eth0 or eth1). I chose eth0, gave the installer the details listed below in the contents of /etc/network/interfaces, and carried on. I've been using this adapter with these setting for the last few days, and every thing's been fine. Today, I decide it's time to set up the local adapter. I edit the /etc/network/interfaces to add the details for eth1 (see below), and restart networking with sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart. After this, attempting to ping the machine using it's external IP address fails, but I can ping it's local IP address. If I bring eth1 down using sudo ifdown eth1, I can successfully ping the machine via it's external IP address again (but obviously not it's internal IP address). Bringing eth1 back up returns us to the original problem state: external IP not working, internal IP working. Here's my /etc/network/interfaces (I've removed the external IP information, but these settings are unchanged from when it worked) rob@rhea:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary (public) network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx network xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx broadcast xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx # The secondary (private) network interface auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.99.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.99.0 broadcast 192.168.99.255 gateway 192.168.99.254 I then do this: rob@rhea:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart * Reconfiguring network interfaces... [ OK ] rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifup eth0 ifup: interface eth0 already configured rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifup eth1 ifup: interface eth1 already configured Then, from another machine: C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping [external ip] Pinging [external ip] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for [external ip]: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), Back on the Ubuntu server in question: rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifdown eth1 ... and again on the other machine: C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping [external ip] Pinging [external ip] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Ping statistics for [external ip]: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms So... what am I doing wrong?

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