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• 5 Lessons learnt in localization / multi language support in WPF

  - by MarkPearl

  For the last few months I have been secretly working away at the second version of an application that we initially released a few years ago. It’s called MaxCut and it is a free panel/cut optimizer for the woodwork, glass and metal industry. One of the motivations for writing MaxCut was to get an end to end experience in developing an application for general consumption. From the early days of v1 of MaxCut I would get the odd email thanking me for the software and then listing a few suggestions on how to improve it. Two of the most dominant suggestions that we received were… Support for imperial measurements (the original program only supported the metric system) Multi language support (we had someone who volunteered to translate the program into Japanese for us). I am not going to dive into the Imperial to Metric support in todays blog post, but I would like to cover a few brief lessons we learned in adding support for multi-language functionality in the software. I have sectioned them below under different lessons. Lesson 1 – Build multi-language support in from the start So the first lesson I learnt was if you know you are going to do multi language support – build it in from the very beginning! One of the power points of WPF/Silverlight is data binding in XAML and so while it wasn’t to painful to retro fit multi language support into the programing, it was still time consuming and a bit tedious to go through mounds and mounds of views and would have been a minor job to have implemented this while the form was being designed. Lesson 2 – Accommodate for varying word lengths using Grids The next lesson was a little harder to learn and was learnt a bit further down the road in the development cycle. We developed everything in English, assuming that other languages would have similar character length words for equivalent meanings… don’t!. A word that is short in your language may be of varying character lengths in other languages. Some language like Dutch and German allow for concatenation of nouns which has the potential to create really long words. We picked up a few places where our views had been structured incorrectly so that if a word was to long it would get clipped off or cut out. To get around this we began using the WPF grid extensively with column widths that would automatically expand if they needed to. Generally speaking the grid replacement got round this hurdle, and if in future you have a choice between a stack panel or a grid – think twice before going for the easier option… often the grid will be a bit more work to setup, but will be more flexible. Lesson 3 – Separate the separators Our initial run through moving the words to a resource dictionary led us to make what I thought was one potential mistake. If we had a label like the following… “length : “ In the resource dictionary we put it as a single entry. This is fine until you start using a word more than once. For instance in our scenario we used the word “length’ frequently. with different variations of the word with grammar and separators included in the resource we ended up having what I would consider a bloated dictionary. When we removed the separators from the words and put them as their own resources we saw a dramatic reduction in dictionary size… so something that looked like this… “length : “ “length. “ “length?” Was reduced to… “length” “:” “?” “.” While this may not seem like a reduction at first glance, consider that the separators “:?.” are used everywhere and suddenly you see a real reduction in bloat. Lesson 4 – Centralize the Language Dictionary This lesson was learnt at the very end of the project after we had already had a release candidate out in the wild. Because our translations would be done on a volunteer basis and remotely, we wanted it to be really simple for someone to translate our program into another language. As a common design practice we had tiered the application so that we had a business logic layer, a ui layer, etc. The problem was in several of these layers we had resource files specific for that layer. What this resulted in was us having multiple resource files that we would need to send to our translators. To add to our problems, some of the wordings were duplicated in different resource files, which would result in additional frustration from our translators as they felt they were duplicating work. Eventually the workaround was to make a separate project in VS2010 with just the language translations. We then exposed the dictionary as public within this project and made it as a reference to the other projects within the solution. This solved out problem as now we had a central dictionary and could remove any duplication's. Lesson 5 – Make a dummy translation file to test that you haven’t missed anything The final lesson learnt about multi language support in WPF was when checking if you had forgotten to translate anything in the inline code, make a test resource file with dummy data. Ideally you want the data for each word to be identical. In our instance we made one which had all the resource key values pointing to a value of test. This allowed us point the language file to our test resource file and very quickly browse through the program and see if we had missed any linking. The alternative to this approach is to have two language files and swap between the two while running the program to make sure that you haven’t missed anything, but the downside of dual language file approach is that it is much a lot harder spotting a mistake if everything is different – almost like playing Where’s Wally / Waldo. It is much easier spotting variance in uniformity – meaning when you put the “test’ keyword for everything, anything that didn’t say “test” stuck out like a sore thumb. So these are my top five lessons learnt on implementing multi language support in WPF. Feel free to make any suggestions in the comments section if you feel maybe something is more important than one of these or if I got it wrong!

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 10 &ndash; In Depth TCP/IP Networking

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Understand methods of network design unique to TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and address translation Explain the differences between public and private TCP/IP networks Describe protocols used between mail clients and mail servers, including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4 Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network discovery and troubleshooting Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks The following sections explain how network and host information in an IPv4 address can be manipulated to subdivide networks into smaller segments. Subnetting Subnetting separates a network into multiple logically defined segments, or subnets. Networks are commonly subnetted according to geographic locations, departmental boundaries, or technology types. A network administrator might separate traffic to accomplish the following… Enhance security Improve performance Simplify troubleshooting The challenges of Classful Addressing in IPv4 (No subnetting) The simplest type of IPv4 is known as classful addressing (which was the Class A, Class B & Class C network addresses). Classful addressing has the following limitations. Restriction in the number of usable IPv4 addresses (class C would be limited to 254 addresses) Difficult to separate traffic from various parts of a network Because of the above reasons, subnetting was introduced. IPv4 Subnet Masks Subnetting depends on the use of subnet masks to identify how a network is subdivided. A subnet mask indicates where network information is located in an IPv4 address. The 1 in a subnet mask indicates that corresponding bits in the IPv4 address contain network information (likewise 0 indicates the opposite) Each network class is associated with a default subnet mask… Class A = 255.0.0.0 Class B = 255.255.0.0 Class C = 255.255.255.0 An example of calculating  the network ID for a particular device with a subnet mask is shown below.. IP Address = 199.34.89.127 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Resultant Network ID = 199.34.89.0 IPv4 Subnetting Techniques Subnetting breaks the rules of classful IPv4 addressing. Read page 490 for a detailed explanation Calculating IPv4 Subnets Read page 491 – 494 for an explanation Important… Subnetting only applies to the devices internal to your network. Everything external looks at the class of the IP address instead of the subnet network ID. This way, traffic directed to your network externally still knows where to go, and once it has entered your internal network it can then be prioritized and segmented. CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) CIDR is also known as classless routing or supernetting. In CIDR conventional network class distinctions do not exist, a subnet boundary can move to the left, therefore generating more usable IP addresses on your network. A subnet created by moving the subnet boundary to the left is known as a supernet. With CIDR also came new shorthand for denoting the position of subnet boundaries known as CIDR notation or slash notation. CIDR notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a forward slash (/) followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix. To take advantage of classless routing, your networks routers must be able to interpret IP addresses that don;t adhere to conventional network class parameters. Routers that rely on older routing protocols (i.e. RIP) are not capable of interpreting classless IP addresses. Internet Gateways Gateways are a combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to exchange data. A gateway facilitates communication between different networks or subnets. Because on device cannot send data directly to a device on another subnet, a gateway must intercede and hand off the information. Every device on a TCP/IP based network has a default gateway (a gateway that first interprets its outbound requests to other subnets, and then interprets its inbound requests from other subnets). The internet contains a vast number of routers and gateways. If each gateway had to track addressing information for every other gateway on the Internet, it would be overtaxed. Instead, each handles only a relatively small amount of addressing information, which it uses to forward data to another gateway that knows more about the data’s destination. The gateways that make up the internet backbone are called core gateways. Address Translation An organizations default gateway can also be used to “hide” the organizations internal IP addresses and keep them from being recognized on a public network. A public network is one that any user may access with little or no restrictions. On private networks, hiding IP addresses allows network managers more flexibility in assigning addresses. Clients behind a gateway may use any IP addressing scheme, regardless of whether it is recognized as legitimate by the Internet authorities but as soon as those devices need to go on the internet, they must have legitimate IP addresses to exchange data. When a clients transmission reaches the default gateway, the gateway opens the IP datagram and replaces the client’s private IP address with an Internet recognized IP address. This process is known as NAT (Network Address Translation). TCP/IP Mail Services All Internet mail services rely on the same principles of mail delivery, storage, and pickup, though they may use different types of software to accomplish these functions. Email servers and clients communicate through special TCP/IP application layer protocols. These protocols, all of which operate on a variety of operating systems are discussed below… SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) The protocol responsible for moving messages from one mail server to another over TCP/IP based networks. SMTP belongs to the application layer of the ODI model and relies on TCP as its transport protocol. Operates from port 25 on the SMTP server Simple sub-protocol, incapable of doing anything more than transporting mail or holding it in a queue MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) The standard message format specified by SMTP allows for lines that contain no more than 1000 ascii characters meaning if you relied solely on SMTP you would have very short messages and nothing like pictures included in an email. MIME us a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files, images, video, and non-ascii character sets within an email message. MIME identifies each element of a mail message according to content type. MIME does not replace SMTP but works in conjunction with it. Most modern email clients and servers support MIME POP (Post Office Protocol) POP is an application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server POP3 relies on TCP and operates over port 110 With POP3 mail is delivered and stored on a mail server until it is downloaded by a user Disadvantage of POP3 is that it typically does not allow users to save their messages on the server because of this IMAP is sometimes used IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) IMAP is a retrieval protocol that was developed as a more sophisticated alternative to POP3 The single biggest advantage IMAP4 has over POP3 is that users can store messages on the mail server, rather than having to continually download them Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any mail message Users can review their messages and delete them while the messages remain on the server Users can create sophisticated methods of organizing messages on the server Users can share a mailbox in a central location Disadvantages of IMAP are typically related to the fact that it requires more storage space on the server. Additional TCP/IP Utilities Nearly all TCP/IP utilities can be accessed from the command prompt on any type of server or client running TCP/IP. The syntaxt may differ depending on the OS of the client. Below is a list of additional TCP/IP utilities – research their use on your own! Ipconfig (Windows) & Ifconfig (Linux) Netstat Nbtstat Hostname, Host & Nslookup Dig (Linux) Whois (Linux) Traceroute (Tracert) Mtr (my traceroute) Route

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• “It’s only test code…”

  - by Chris George

  “Let me hack this in, it’s only test code”, “Don’t worry about getting it reviewed, it’s only test code”, “It doesn’t have to be elegant or efficient, it’s only test code”… do these phrases sound familiar? Chances are if you’ve working with test automation, at one point or other you will have heard these phrases, you have probably even used them yourself! What is certain is that code written under this “it’s only test code” mantra will come back and bite you in the arse! I’ve recently encountered a case where a test was giving a false positive, therefore hiding a real product bug because that test code was very badly written. Firstly it was very difficult to understand what the test was actually trying to achieve let alone how it was doing it, and this complexity masked a simple logic error. These issues are real and they do happen. Let’s take a step back from this and look at what we are trying to do. We are writing test code that tests product code, and we do this to create a suite of tests that will help protect our software against regressions. This test code is making sure that the product behaves as it should by employing some sort of expected result verification. The simple cases of these are generally not a problem. However, automation allows us to explore more complex scenarios in many more permutations. As this complexity increases then so does the complexity of the test code. It is at this point that code which has not been architected properly will cause problems.   Keep your friends close… So, how do we make sure we are doing it right? The development teams I have worked on have always had Test Engineers working very closely with their Software Engineers. This is something that I have always tried to take full advantage of. They are coding experts! So run your ideas past them, ask for advice on how to structure your code, help you design your data structures. This may require a shift in your teams viewpoint, as contrary to this section title and folklore, Software Engineers are not actually the mortal enemy of Test Engineers. As time progresses, and test automation becomes more and more ingrained in what we do, the two roles are converging more than ever. Over the 16 years I have spent as a Test Engineer, I have seen the grey area between the two roles grow significantly larger. This serves to strengthen the relationship and common bond between the two roles which helps to make test code activities so much easier!   Pair for the win Possibly the best thing you could do to write good test code is to pair program on the task. This will serve a few purposes. you will get the benefit of the Software Engineers knowledge and experience the Software Engineer will gain knowledge on the testing process. Sharing the love is a wonderful thing! two pairs of eyes are always better than one… And so are two brains. Between the two of you, I will guarantee you will derive more useful test cases than if it was just one of you.   Code reviews Another policy which certainly pays dividends is the practice of code reviews. By having one of your peers review your code before you commit it serves two purposes. Firstly, it forces you to explain your code. Just the act of doing this will often pick up errors in your code. Secondly, it gets yet another pair of eyes on your code! I cannot stress enough how important code reviews are. The benefits they offer apply as much to product code as test code. In short, Software and Test Engineers should all be doing them! It can be extended even further by getting test code reviewed by a Software Engineer and a Test Engineer, and likewise product code. This serves to keep both functions in the loop with changes going on within your code base.   Learn from your devs I briefly touched on this earlier but I’d like to go into more detail here. Pairing with your Software Engineers when writing your test code is such an amazing opportunity to improve your coding skills. As I sit here writing this article waiting to be called into court for jury service, it reminds me that it takes a lot of patience to be a Test Engineer, almost as much as it takes to be a juror! However tempting it is to go rushing in and start writing your automated tests, resist that urge. Discuss what you want to achieve then talk through the approach you’re going to take. Then code it up together. I find it really enlightening to ask questions like ‘is there a better way to do this?’ Or ‘is this how you would code it?’ The latter question, especially, is where I learn the most. I’ve found that most Software Engineers will be reluctant to show you the ‘right way’ to code something when writing tests because they perceive the ‘right way’ to be too complicated for the Test Engineer (e.g. not mentioning LINQ and instead doing something verbose). So by asking how THEY would code it, it unleashes their true dev-ness and advanced code usually ensues! I would like to point out, however, that you don’t have to accept their method as the final answer. On numerous occasions I have opted for the more simple/verbose solution because I found the code written by the Software Engineer too advanced and therefore I would find it unreadable when I return to the code in a months’ time! Always keep the target audience in mind when writing clever code, and in my case that is mostly Test Engineers.  

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• How to Control Screen Layouts in LightSwitch

  - by ChrisD

  Visual Studio LightSwitch has a bunch of screen templates that you can use to quickly generate screens. They give you good starting points that you can customize further. When you add a new screen to your project you see a set of screen templates that you can choose from. These templates lay out all the related data you choose to put on a screen automatically for you. And don’t under estimate them; they do a great job of laying out controls in a smart way. For instance, a tab control will be used when you select more than one related set of data to display on a screen. However, you’re not limited to taking the layout as is. In fact, the screen designer is pretty flexible and allows you to create stacks of controls in a variety of configurations. You just need to visualize your screen as a series of containers that you can lay out in rows and columns. You then place controls or stacks of controls into these areas to align the screen exactly how you want. If you’re new in Visual Studio LightSwitch, you can see this tutorial. OK, Let’s start with a simple example. I have already designed my data entities for a simple order tracking system similar to the Northwind database. I also have added a Search Data  Screen to search my Products already. Now I will add a new Details Screen for my Products and make it the default screen via the “Add New Screen” dialog: The screen designer picks a simple layout for me based on the single entity I chose, in this case Product. Hit F5 to run the application, select a Product on the search screen to open the Product Details Screen. Notice that it’s pretty simple because my entity is simple. Click the “Customize” button in the top right of the screen so we can start tweaking it. The left side of the screen shows the containership of controls and data bindings (called the content tree) and the right side shows the live preview with data. Notice that we have a simple layout of two rows but only one row is populated (with a vertical stack of controls in this case). The bottom row is empty. You can envision the screen like this: Each container will display a group of data that you select. For instance in the above screen, the top row is set to a vertical stack control and the group of data to display is coming from Product. So when laying out screens you need to think in terms of containers of controls bound to groups of data. To change the data to which a container is bound, select the data item next to the container: You can select the “New Group” item in order to create more containers (or controls) within the current container. For instance to totally control the layout, select the Product in the top row and hit the delete key. This will delete the vertical stack and therefore all the controls on the screen. The content tree will still have two rows, but the rows are now both empty. If you want a layout of four containers (two rows and two columns) then select “New Group” for the data item and then change the vertical stack control to “Two Columns” for both of the rows as shown here: You can keep going on and on by selecting new groups and choosing between rows or columns. Here’s a layout with 8 containers, 4 rows and 2 columns: And here is a layout with 7 content areas; one row across the top of the screen and three rows with two columns below that: When you select Choose Content and select a data item like Product it will populate all the controls within the container (row or column in a vertical stack) however you have complete control on what to display within each group. You can delete fields you don’t want to display and/or change their controls. You can also change the size of controls and how they display by changing the settings in the properties window. If you are in the Screen Designer (and not the customization mode like we are here) you can also drag-drop data items from the left-hand side of the screen to the content tree. Note, however, that not all areas of the tree will allow you to drop a data item if there is a binding already set to a different set of data. For instance you can’t drop a Customer ID into the same group as a Product if they originate from different entities. To get around this, all you need to do is create a new group and content area as shown above. Let’s take a more complex example that deals with more than just product. I want to design a complex screen that displays Products and their Category, as well as all the OrderDetails for which that product is selected. This time I will create a new screen and select List and Details, select the Products screen data, and include the related OrderDetails. However I’m going to totally change the layout so that a Product grid is at the top left and below that is the selected Product detail. Below that will be the Category text fields and image in two columns below. On the right side I want the OrderDetails grid to take up the whole right side of the screen. All this can be done in customization mode while you’re debugging the application. To do this, I first deleted all the content items in the tree and then re-created the content tree as shown in the image below. I also set the image to be larger and the description textbox to be 5 rows using the property window below the live preview. I added the green lines to indicate the containers and show how it maps to the content tree (click to enlarge): I hope this demystifies the screen designer a little bit. Remember that screen templates are excellent starting points – you can take them as-is or customize them further. It takes a little fooling around with customizing screens to get them to do exactly what you want but there are a ton of possibilities once you get the hang of it. Stay tuned for more information on how to create your own screen templates that show up in the “Add New Screen” dialog. Enjoy! The tutorial that might be interested: Adding Custom Control In LightSwitch

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• Introduction to Human Workflow 11g

  - by agiovannetti

  Human Workflow is a component of SOA Suite just like BPEL, Mediator, Business Rules, etc. The Human Workflow component allows you to incorporate human intervention in a business process. You can use Human Workflow to create a business process that requires a manager to approve purchase orders greater than $10,000; or a business process that handles article reviews in which a group of reviewers need to vote/approve an article before it gets published. Human Workflow can handle the task assignment and routing as well as the generation of notifications to the participants. There are three common patterns or usages of Human Workflow: 1) Approval Scenarios: manage documents and other transactional data through approval chains . For example: approve expense report, vacation approval, hiring approval, etc. 2) Reviews by multiple users or groups: group collaboration and review of documents or proposals. For example, processing a sales quote which is subject to review by multiple people. 3) Case Management: workflows around work management or case management. For example, processing a service request. This could be routed to various people who all need to modify the task. It may also incorporate ad hoc routing which is unknown at design time. SOA 11g Human Workflow includes the following features: Assignment and routing of tasks to the correct users or groups. Deadlines, escalations, notifications, and other features required for ensuring the timely performance of a task. Presentation of tasks to end users through a variety of mechanisms, including a Worklist application. Organization, filtering, prioritization and other features required for end users to productively perform their tasks. Reports, reassignments, load balancing and other features required by supervisors and business owners to manage the performance of tasks. Human Workflow Architecture The Human Workflow component is divided into 3 modules: the service interface, the task definition and the client interface module. The Service Interface handles the interaction with BPEL and other components. The Client Interface handles the presentation of task data through clients like the Worklist application, portals and notification channels. The task definition module is in charge of managing the lifecycle of a task. Who should get the task assigned? What should happen next with the task? When must the task be completed? Should the task be escalated?, etc Stages and Participants When you create a Human Task you need to specify how the task is assigned and routed. The first step is to define the stages and participants. A stage is just a logical group. A participant can be a user, a group of users or an application role. The participants indicate the type of assignment and routing that will be performed. Stages can be sequential or in parallel. You can combine them to create any usage you require. See diagram below: Assignment and Routing There are different ways a task can be assigned and routed: Single Approver: task is assigned to a single user, group or role. For example, a vacation request is assigned to a manager. If the manager approves or rejects the request, the employee is notified with the decision. If the task is assigned to a group then once one of managers acts on it, the task is completed. Parallel : task is assigned to a set of people that must work in parallel. This is commonly used for voting. For example, a task gets approved once 50% of the participants approve it. You can also set it up to be a unanimous vote. Serial : participants must work in sequence. The most common scenario for this is management chain escalation. FYI (For Your Information) : task is assigned to participants who can view it, add comments and attachments, but can not modify or complete the task. Task Actions The following is the list of actions that can be performed on a task: Claim : if a task is assigned to a group or multiple users, then the task must be claimed first to be able to act on it. Escalate : if the participant is not able to complete a task, he/she can escalate it. The task is reassigned to his/her manager (up one level in a hierarchy). Pushback : the task is sent back to the previous assignee. Reassign :if the participant is a manager, he/she can delegate a task to his/her reports. Release : if a task is assigned to a group or multiple users, it can be released if the user who claimed the task cannot complete the task. Any of the other assignees can claim and complete the task. Request Information and Submit Information : use when the participant needs to supply more information or to request more information from the task creator or any of the previous assignees. Suspend and Resume :if a task is not relevant, it can be suspended. A suspension is indefinite. It does not expire until Resume is used to resume working on the task. Withdraw : if the creator of a task does not want to continue with it, for example, he wants to cancel a vacation request, he can withdraw the task. The business process determines what happens next. Renew : if a task is about to expire, the participant can renew it. The task expiration date is extended one week. Notifications Human Workflow provides a mechanism for sending notifications to participants to alert them of changes on a task. Notifications can be sent via email, telephone voice message, instant messaging (IM) or short message service (SMS). Notifications can be sent when the task status changes to any of the following: Assigned/renewed/delegated/reassigned/escalated Completed Error Expired Request Info Resume Suspended Added/Updated comments and/or attachments Updated Outcome Withdraw Other Actions (e.g. acquiring a task) Here is an example of an email notification: Worklist Application Oracle BPM Worklist application is the default user interface included in SOA Suite. It allows users to access and act on tasks that have been assigned to them. For example, from the Worklist application, a loan agent can review loan applications or a manager can approve employee vacation requests. Through the Worklist Application users can: Perform authorized actions on tasks, acquire and check out shared tasks, define personal to-do tasks and define subtasks. Filter tasks view based on various criteria. Work with standard work queues, such as high priority tasks, tasks due soon and so on. Work queues allow users to create a custom view to group a subset of tasks in the worklist, for example, high priority tasks, tasks due in 24 hours, expense approval tasks and more. Define custom work queues. Gain proxy access to part of another user's tasks. Define custom vacation rules and delegation rules. Enable group owners to define task dispatching rules for shared tasks. Collect a complete workflow history and audit trail. Use digital signatures for tasks. Run reports like Unattended tasks, Tasks productivity, etc. Here is a screenshoot of what the Worklist Application looks like. On the right hand side you can see the tasks that have been assigned to the user and the task's detail. References Introduction to SOA Suite 11g Human Workflow Webcast Note 1452937.2 Human Workflow Information Center Using the Human Workflow Service Component 11.1.1.6 Human Workflow Samples Human Workflow APIs Java Docs

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• Azure Task Scheduling Options

  - by charlie.mott

  Currently, the Azure PaaS does not offer a distributed\resilient task scheduling service.  If you do want to host a task scheduling product\solution off-premise (and ideally use Azure), what are your options? PaaS Option 1: Worker Roles Use a worker role to schedule and execute actions at specific time periods.  There are a few frameworks available to assist with this: http://azuretoolkit.codeplex.com https://github.com/Lokad/lokad-cloud/wiki/TaskScheduler http://blog.smarx.com/posts/building-a-task-scheduler-in-windows-azure - This addresses a slightly different set of requirements. It’s a more dynamic approach for queuing up tasks, but not repeatable tasks (e.g. daily). I found the Azure Toolkit option the most simple to implement.  Step 1 : Create a domain entity implementing IJob for each job to schedule.  In this sample, I asynchronously call a WCF service method. 1: namespace Acme.WorkerRole.Jobs 2: { 3: using AzureToolkit; 4: using ScheduledTasksService; 5: 6: public class UploadEmployeesJob : IJob 7: { 8: public void Run() 9: { 10: // Call Tasks Service 11: var client = new ScheduledTasksServiceClient("BasicHttpBinding_IScheduledTasksService"); 12: client.UploadEmployees(); 13: client.Close(); 14: } 15: } 16: } Step 2 : In the worker role run method, add the jobs to the toolkit engine. 1: namespace Acme.WorkerRole 2: { 3: using AzureToolkit.Engine; 4: using Jobs; 5:   6: public class WorkerRole : WorkerRoleEntryPoint 7: { 8: public override void Run() 9: { 10: var engine = new CloudEngine(); 11:   12: // Add Scheduled Jobs (using CronJob syntax - see http://www.adminschoice.com/crontab-quick-reference). 13:   14: // 1. Upload Employee job - 8.00 PM every weekday (Mon-Fri) 15: engine.WithJobScheduler().ScheduleJob<UploadEmployeesJob>(c => { c.CronSchedule = "0 20 * * 1-5"; }); 16: // 2. Purge Data job - 10 AM every Saturday 17: engine.WithJobScheduler().ScheduleJob<PurgeDataJob>(c => { c.CronSchedule = "0 10 * * 6"; }); 18: // 3. Process Exceptions job - Every 5 minutes 19: engine.WithJobScheduler().ScheduleJob<ProcessExceptionsJob>(c => { c.CronSchedule = "*/5 * * * *"; }); 20:   21: engine.Run(); 22: base.Run(); 23: } 24: } 25: } Pros Cons Azure Toolkit option is simple to implement. For the AzureToolkit option, you are limited to a single worker role.  Otherwise, the jobs will be executed multiple times, once for each worker role instance.   Paying for a continuously running worker role, even if it just processes a single job once a week.  If you only have a few scheduled tasks to run calling asynchronous services hosted in different web roles, an extra small worker role likely to be sufficient.  However, for an extra small worker role this still costs $14.40/month (03/09/2012). Option 2: Use Scheduled Task on Azure Web Role calling a console app Setup a Windows Scheduled Task on the Azure Web Role. This calls a console application that calls the WCF service methods that run the task actions. This design is described here: http://www.ronaldwidha.net/2011/02/23/cron-job-on-azure-using-scheduled-task-on-a-web-role-to-replace-azure-worker-role-for-background-job/ http://www.voiceoftech.com/swhitley/index.php/2011/07/windows-azure-task-scheduler/ http://devlicio.us/blogs/vinull/archive/2011/10/23/moving-to-azure-worker-roles-for-nothing-and-tasks-for-free.aspx Pros Cons Fairly easy to implement. Supportability - I RDC’ed onto the Azure server and stopped the scheduled task. I then rebooted the machine and the task was re-started. I also tried deleting the task and rebooting, the same thing occurred. The only way to permanently guarantee that a task is disabled is to do a fresh deployment. I think this is a major supportability concern.   Saleability - multiple instances would trigger multiple tasks. You can only have one instance for the scheduled task web role. The guidance implements setup of the scheduled task as part of a web role instance. But if you have more than one instance in a web role, the task will be triggered multiple times for each scheduled action (once per machine). Workaround: If we wanted to use scheduled tasks for another client with a saleable WCF service, then we could include the console & tasks scripts in a separate web role (e.g. a empty WCF service with no real purpose to it). SaaS Option 3: Azure Marketplace I thought that someone might be offering this type of service via the Azure marketplace. At the point of writing this blog post, I did not find anyone doing so. https://datamarket.azure.com/ Pros Cons   Nobody currently offers this on the Azure Marketplace. Option 4: Online Job Scheduling Service Provider There are plenty of online providers that offer this type of service on a pay-as-you-go approach.  Some of these are free for small usage.   Many of these providers are listed here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcron Pros Cons No bespoke development for scheduler. Reliance on third party. IaaS Option 5: Setup Scheduling Software on Azure IaaS VM’s One of job scheduling software offerings could be installed and configured on Azure VM’s.  A list of software options is listed here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_job_scheduler_software Pros Cons Enterprise distributed\resilient task scheduling service VM Setup and maintenance   Software Licence Costs Option 6: VM Gallery A the time of writing this blog post, I did not spot a VM in the gallery that included pre-installation of any of the above software options. Pros Cons   No current VM template. Summary For my current project that had a small handful of tasks to schedule with a limited project budget I chose option 1 (a worker role using the Azure Toolkit to schedule tasks).  If I was building an enterprise scale solution for the future, options 4 and 5 are currently worthy of consideration. Hopefully, Microsoft will include tasks scheduling in the future as part of their PaaS offerings.

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• Adventures in Windows 8: Working around the navigation animation issues in LayoutAwarePage

  - by Laurent Bugnion

  LayoutAwarePage is a pretty cool add-on to Windows 8 apps, which facilitates greatly the implementation of orientation-aware (portrait, landscape) as well as state-aware (snapped, filled, fullscreen) apps. It has however a few issues that are obvious when you use transformed elements on your page. Adding a LayoutAwarePage to your application If you start with a blank app, the MainPage is a vanilla Page, with no such feature. In order to have a LayoutAwarePage into your app, you need to add this class (and a few helpers) with the following operation: Right click on the Solution and select Add, New Item from the context menu. From the dialog, select a Basic Page (not a Blank Page, which is another vanilla page). If you prefer, you can also use Split Page, Items Page, Item Detail Page, Grouped Items Page or Group Detail Page which are all LayoutAwarePages. Personally I like to start with a Basic Page, which gives me more creative freedom. Adding this new page will cause Visual Studio to show a prompt asking you for permission to add additional helper files to the Common folder. One of these helpers in the LayoutAwarePage class, which is where the magic happens. LayoutAwarePage offers some help for the detection of orientation and state (which makes it a pleasure to design for all these scenarios in Blend, by the way) as well as storage for the navigation state (more about that in a future article). Issue with LayoutAwarePage When you use UI elements such as a background picture, a watermark label, logos, etc, it is quite common to do a few things with those: Making them partially transparent (this is especially true for background pictures; for instance I really like a black Page background with a half transparent picture placed on top of it). Transforming them, for instance rotating them a bit, scaling them, etc. Here is an example with a picture of my two beautiful daughters in the Bird Park in Kuala Lumpur, as well as a transformed TextBlock. The image has an opacity of 40% and the TextBlock a simple RotateTransform. If I create an application with a MainPage that navigates to this LayoutAwarePage, however, I will have a very annoying effect: The background picture appears with an Opacity of 100%. The TextBlock is not rotated. This lasts only for less than a second (during the navigation animation) before the elements “snap into place” and get their desired effect. Here is the XAML that cause the annoying effect: <common:LayoutAwarePage x:Name="pageRoot" x:Class="App13.BasicPage1" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:common="using:App13.Common" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Style="{StaticResource LayoutRootStyle}"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="140" /> <RowDefinition Height="*" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Image Source="Assets/el20120812025.jpg" Stretch="UniformToFill" Opacity="0.4" Grid.RowSpan="2" /> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Button x:Name="backButton" Click="GoBack" IsEnabled="{Binding Frame.CanGoBack, ElementName=pageRoot}" Style="{StaticResource BackButtonStyle}" /> <TextBlock x:Name="pageTitle" Grid.Column="1" Text="Welcome" Style="{StaticResource PageHeaderTextStyle}" /> </Grid> <TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Center" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="Welcome to my Windows 8 Application" Grid.Row="1" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" FontFamily="Segoe UI Light" FontSize="70" FontWeight="Light" TextAlignment="Center" Foreground="#FFFFA200" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" UseLayoutRounding="False" d:LayoutRounding="Auto" Margin="0,0,0,153"> <TextBlock.RenderTransform> <CompositeTransform Rotation="-6.545" /> </TextBlock.RenderTransform> </TextBlock> <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> [...] </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> </Grid> </common:LayoutAwarePage> Solving the issue In order to solve this “snapping” issue, the solution is to wrap the elements that are transformed into an empty Grid. Honestly, to me it sounds like a bug in the LayoutAwarePage navigation animation, but thankfully the workaround is not that difficult: Simple change the main Grid as follows: <Grid Style="{StaticResource LayoutRootStyle}"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="140" /> <RowDefinition Height="*" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid Grid.RowSpan="2"> <Image Source="Assets/el20120812025.jpg" Stretch="UniformToFill" Opacity="0.4" /> </Grid> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Button x:Name="backButton" Click="GoBack" IsEnabled="{Binding Frame.CanGoBack, ElementName=pageRoot}" Style="{StaticResource BackButtonStyle}" /> <TextBlock x:Name="pageTitle" Grid.Column="1" Text="Welcome" Style="{StaticResource PageHeaderTextStyle}" /> </Grid> <Grid Grid.Row="1"> <TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Center" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="Welcome to my Windows 8 Application" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" FontFamily="Segoe UI Light" FontSize="70" FontWeight="Light" TextAlignment="Center" Foreground="#FFFFA200" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" UseLayoutRounding="False" d:LayoutRounding="Auto" Margin="0,0,0,153"> <TextBlock.RenderTransform> <CompositeTransform Rotation="-6.545" /> </TextBlock.RenderTransform> </TextBlock> </Grid> <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> [...] </Grid> Hopefully this will help a few people, I banged my head on the wall for a while before someone at Microsoft pointed me to the solution ;) Happy coding, Laurent   Laurent Bugnion (GalaSoft) Subscribe | Twitter | Facebook | Flickr | LinkedIn

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• Building an ASP.Net 4.5 Web forms application - part 5

  - by nikolaosk

  ?his is the fifth post in a series of posts on how to design and implement an ASP.Net 4.5 Web Forms store that sells posters on line. There are 4 more posts in this series of posts.Please make sure you read them first.You can find the first post here. You can find the second post here. You can find the third post here.You can find the fourth here.  In this new post we will build on the previous posts and we will demonstrate how to display the details of a poster when the user clicks on an individual poster photo/link. We will add a FormView control on a web form and will bind data from the database. FormView is a great web server control for displaying the details of a single record. 1) Launch Visual Studio and open your solution where your project lives2) Add a new web form item on the project.Make sure you include the Master Page.Name it PosterDetails.aspx 3) Open the PosterDetails.aspx page. We will add some markup in this page. Have a look at the code below <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="FeaturedContent" runat="server">    <asp:FormView ID="posterDetails" runat="server" ItemType="PostersOnLine.DAL.Poster" SelectMethod ="GetPosterDetails">        <ItemTemplate>            <div>                <h1><%#:Item.PosterName %></h1>            </div>            <br />            <table>                <tr>                    <td>                        <img src="<%#:Item.PosterImgpath %>" border="1" alt="<%#:Item.PosterName %>" height="300" />                    </td>                    <td style="vertical-align: top">                        <b>Description:</b><br /><%#:Item.PosterDescription %>                        <br />                        <span><b>Price:</b>&nbsp;<%#: String.Format("{0:c}", Item.PosterPrice) %></span>                        <br />                        <span><b>Poster Number:</b>&nbsp;<%#:Item.PosterID %></span>                        <br />                    </td>                </tr>            </table>        </ItemTemplate>    </asp:FormView></asp:Content> I set the ItemType property to the Poster entity class and the SelectMethod to the GetPosterDetails method.The Item binding expression is available and we can retrieve properties of the Poster object.I retrieve the name, the image,the description and the price of each poster. 4) Now we need to write the GetPosterDetails method.In the code behind of the PosterDetails.aspx page we type public IQueryable<Poster> GetPosterDetails([QueryString("PosterID")]int? posterid)        {                    PosterContext ctx = new PosterContext();            IQueryable<Poster> query = ctx.Posters;            if (posterid.HasValue && posterid > 0)            {                query = query.Where(p => p.PosterID == posterid);            }            else            {                query = null;            }            return query;        } I bind the value from the query string to the posterid parameter at run time.This is all possible due to the QueryStringAttribute class that lives inside the System.Web.ModelBinding and gets the value of the query string variable PosterID.If there is a matching poster it is fetched from the database.If not,there is no data at all coming back from the database. 5) I run my application and then click on the "Midfielders" link.Then click on the first poster that appears from the left (Kenny Dalglish) and click on it to see the details. Have a look at the picture below to see the results.   You can see that now I have all the details of the poster in a new page.?ake sure you place breakpoints in the code so you can see what is really going on. Hope it helps!!!

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• Complex event system for DungeonKeeper like game

  - by paul424

  I am working on opensource GPL3 game. http://opendungeons.sourceforge.net/ , new coders would be welcome. Now there's design question regarding Event System: We want to improve the game logic, that is program a new event system. I will just repost what's settled up already on http://forum.freegamedev.net/viewtopic.php?f=45&t=3033. From the discussion came the idea of the Publisher / Subscriber pattern + "domains": My current idea is to use the subscirbers / publishers model. Its similar to Observable pattern, but instead one subscribes to Events types, not Object's Events. For each Event would like to have both static and dynamic type. Static that is its's type would be resolved by belonging to the proper inherited class from Event. That is from Event we would have EventTile, EventCreature, EvenMapLoader, EventGameMap etc. From that there are of course subtypes like EventCreature would be EventKobold, EventKnight, EventTentacle etc. The listeners would collect the event from publishers, and send them subcribers , each of them would be a global singleton. The Listeners type hierachy would exactly mirror the type hierarchy of Events. In each constructor of Event type, the created instance would notify the proper listeners. That is when calling EventKnight the proper ctor would notify the Listeners : EventListener, CreatureLisener and KnightListener. The default action for an listner would be to notify all subscribers, but there would be some exceptions , like EventAttack would notify AttackListener which would dispatch event by the dynamic part ( that is the Creature pointer or hash). Any comments ? #include <vector> class Subscriber; class SubscriberAttack; class Event{ private: int foo; int bar; protected: // static std::vector<Publisher*> publishersList; static std::vector<Subscriber*> subscribersList; static std::vector<Event*> eventQueue; public: Event(){ eventQueue.push_back(this); } static int subscribe(Subscriber* ss); static int unsubscribe(Subscriber* ss); //static int reg_publisher(Publisher* pp); //static int unreg_publisher(Publisher* pp); }; // class Publisher{ // }; class Subscriber{ public: int (*newEvent) (Event* ee); Subscriber( ){ Event::subscribe(this); } Subscriber( int (*fp) (Event* ee) ):newEvent(fp){ Subscriber(); } ~Subscriber(){ Event::unsubscribe(this); } }; class EventAttack: Event{ private: int foo; int bar; protected: // static std::vector<Publisher*> publishersList; static std::vector<SubscriberAttack*> subscribersList; static std::vector<EventAttack*> eventQueue; public: EventAttack(){ eventQueue.push_back(this); } static int subscribe(SubscriberAttack* ss); static int unsubscribe(SubscriberAttack* ss); //static int reg_publisher(Publisher* pp); //static int unreg_publisher(Publisher* pp); }; class AttackSubscriber :Subscriber{ public: int (*newEvent) (EventAttack* ee); AttackSubscriber( ){ EventAttack::subscribe(this); } AttackSubscriber( int (*fp) (EventAttack* ee) ):newEventAttack(fp){ AttackSubscriber(); } ~AttackSubscriber(){ EventAttack::unsubscribe(this); } }; From that point, others wanted the Subject-Observer pattern, that is one would subscribe to all event types produced by particular object. That way it came out to add the domain system : Huh, to meet the ability to listen to particular game's object events, I though of introducing entity domains . Domains are trees, which nodes are labeled by unique names for each level. ( like the www addresses ). Each Entity wanting to participate in our event system ( that is be able to publish / produce events ) should at least now its domain name. That would end up in Player1/Room/Treasury/#24 or Player1/Creature/Kobold/#3 producing events. The subscriber picks some part of a tree. For example by specifiing subtree with the root in one of the nodes like Player1/Room/* ,would subscribe us to all Players1's room's event, and Player1/Creature/Kobold/#3 would subscribe to Players' third kobold's event. Does such event system make sense to you ? I have many implementation details to ask as well, but first let's start some general discussion. Note1: Notice that in the case of a fight between two creatues fight , the creature being attacked would have to throw an event, becuase it is HE/SHE/IT who have its domain address. So that would be BeingAttackedEvent() etc. I will edit that post if some other reflections on this would come out. Note2: the existing class hierarchy might be used to get the domains addresses being build in constructor . In a ctor you would just add + ."className" to domain address. If you are in a class'es hierarchy leaf constructor one might use nextID , hash or any other charactteristic, just to make the addresses distinguishable . Note3:subscribing to all entity's Events would require knowledge of all possible events produced by this entity . This could be done in one function call, but information on E produced would have to be handled for every Entity. SmartNote4 : Finding proper subscribers in a tree would be easy. One would start in particular Leaf for example Player1/Creature/Kobold/#3 and go up one parent a time , notifiying each Subscriber in a Node ie. : Player1/Creature/Kobold/* , Player1/Creature/* , Player1/* etc, , up to a root that is /* .<<<< Note5: The Event system was needed to have some way of incorporating Angelscript code into application. So the Event dispatcher was to be a gate to A-script functions. But it came out to this one.

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• Building an ASP.Net 4.5 Web forms application - part 3

  - by nikolaosk

  ?his is the third post in a series of posts on how to design and implement an ASP.Net 4.5 Web Forms store that sells posters on line.Make sure you read the first and second post in the series.In this new post I will keep making some minor changes in the Markup,CSS and Master page but there is no point in presenting them here. They are just minor changes to reflect the content and layout I want my site to have. What I need to do now is to add some more pages and start displaying properly data from my database.Having said that I will show you how to add more pages to the web application and present data.1) Launch Visual Studio and open your solution where your project lives2) Add a new web form item on the project.Make sure you include the Master Page.Name it PosterList.aspxHave a look at the picture below 3) In Site.Master add the following link to the master page so the user can navigate to it.You should only add the line in bold     <nav>                    <ul id="menu">                        <li><a runat="server" href="~/">Home</a></li>                        <li><a runat="server" href="~/About.aspx">About</a></li>                        <li><a runat="server" href="~/Contact.aspx">Contact</a></li>                          <li><a href="http://weblogs.asp.net/PosterList.aspx">Posters</a></li>                    </ul>                </nav> 4) Now we need to display categories from the database. We will use a ListView web server control.Inside the <div id="body"> add the following code. <section id="postercat">       <asp:ListView ID="categoryList"                          ItemType="PostersOnLine.DAL.PosterCategory"                         runat="server"                        SelectMethod="GetPosterCategories" >                        <ItemTemplate>                                                    <a href="http://weblogs.asp.net/PosterList.aspx?id=<%#: Item.PosterCategoryID %>">                            <%#: Item.PosterCategoryName %>                            </a>                            </b>                        </ItemTemplate>                        <ItemSeparatorTemplate> ----- </ItemSeparatorTemplate>                    </asp:ListView>             </section>        Let me explain what the code does.We have the ListView control that displays each poster category's name.It also includes a link to the PosterList.aspx page with a query-string value containing the ID of the category. We set the ItemType property in the ListView to the PosterCategory entity .We set the SelectMethod property to a method GetPosterCategories. Now we can use the data-binding expression Item (<%#: %>) that is available within the ItemTemplate . 5) Now we must write the GetPosterCategories method. In the Site.Master.cs file add the following code.This is just a simple function that returns the poster categories.        public IQueryable<PosterCategory> GetPosterCategories()        {            PosterContext ctx = new PosterContext();            IQueryable<PosterCategory> query = ctx.PosterCategories;            return query;        } 6) I just changed a few things in the Site.css file to style the new <section> HTML element that includes the ListView control.#postercat {  text-align: center; background-color: #85C465;}     7) Build and run your application. Everything should compile now. Have a look at the picture below.The links (poster categories) appear.?he ListView control when is called during the page lifecycle calls the GetPosterCategories() method.The method is executed and returns the poster categories that are bound to the control.  When I click on any of the poster category links, the PosterList.aspx page will show up with the appropriate Id that is the PosterCategoryID.Have a look at the picture below  We will add more data-enabled controls in the next post in the PosterList.aspx page. Some people are complaining the posts are too long so I will keep them short. Hope it helps!!!

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• Cross-platform distributed fault-tolerant (disconnected operation/local cache) filesystem

  - by Adrian Frühwirth

  We are facing a design "challenge" where we are required to set up a storage solution with the following properties: What we need HA a scalable storage backend offline/disconnected operation on the client to account for network outages cross-platform access client-side access from certainly Windows (probably XP upwards), possibly Linux backend integrates with AD/LDAP (permission management (user/group management, ...)) should work reasonably well over slow WAN-links Another problem is that we don't really know all possible use cases here, if people need to be able to have concurrent access to shared files or if they will only be accessing their own files, so a possible solution needs to account for concurrent access and how conflict management would look in this case from a user's point of view. This two years old blog posts sums up the impression that I have been getting during the last couple of days of research, that there are lots of current übercool projects implementing (non-Windows) clustered petabyte-capable blob-storage solutions but that there is none that supports disconnected operation nicely and natively, but I am hoping that we have missed an obvious solution. What we have tried OpenAFS We figured that we want a distributed network filesystem with a local cache and tested OpenAFS (which, as the only currently "stable" DFS supporting disconnected operation, seemed the way to go) for a week but there are several problems with it: it's a real pain to set up there are no official RHEL/CentOS packages the package of the current stable version 1.6.5.1 from elrepo randomly kernel panics on fresh installs, this is an absolute no-go Windows support (including the required Kerberos packages) is mystical. The current client for the 1.6 branch does not run on Windows 8, the current client for the 1.7 does but it just randomly crashes. After that experience we didn't even bother testing on XP and Windows 7. Suffice to say, we couldn't get it working and the whole setup has been so unstable and complicated to setup that it's just not an option for production. Samba + Unison Since OpenAFS was a complete disaster and no other DFS seems to support disconnected operation we went for a simpler idea that would sync files against a Samba server using Unison. This has the following advantages: Samba integrates with ADs; it's a pain but can be done. Samba solves the problem of remotely accessing the storage from Windows but introduces another SPOF and does not address the actual storage problem. We could probably stick any clustered FS underneath Samba, but that means we need a HA Samba setup on top of that to maintain HA which probably adds a lot of additional complexity. I vaguely remember trying to implement redundancy with Samba before and I could not silently failover between servers. Even when online, you are working with local files which will result in more conflicts than would be necessary if a local cache were only touched when disconnected It's not automatic. We cannot expect users to manually sync their files using the (functional, but not-so-pretty) GTK GUI on a regular basis. I attempted to semi-automate the process using the Windows task scheduler, but you cannot really do it in a satisfactory way. On top of that, the way Unison works makes syncing against Samba a costly operation, so I am afraid that it just doesn't scale very well or even at all. Samba + "Offline Files" After that we became a little desparate and gave Windows "offline files" a chance. We figured that having something that is inbuilt into the OS would reduce administrative efforts, helps blaming someone else when it's not working properly and should just work since people have been using this for years. Right? Wrong. We really wanted it to work, but it just doesn't. 30 minutes of copying files around and unplugging network cables/disabling network interfaces left us with (silent! there is only a tiny notification in Windows explorer in the statusbar, which doesn't even open Sync Center if you click on it!) undeletable files on the server (!) and conflicts that should not even be conflicts. In the end, we had one successful sync of a tiny text file, everything else just exploded horribly. Beyond that, there are other problems: Microsoft admits that "offline files" in Windows XP cannot cope with "large files" and therefore does not cache/sync them at all which would mean those files become unavailable if the connection drop In Windows 7 the feature is only available in the Professional/Ultimate/Enterprise editions. Summary Unless there is another fault-tolerant DFS that supports Windows natively I assume that stacking a HA Samba cluster on top of something like GlusterFS/Lustre/whatnot is the only option, but I hope that I am wrong here. How do other companies allow fault-tolerant network access to redundant storage in a heterogeneous environment with Windows?

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• WPF TabControl - how to preserve control state within tab items (MVVM pattern)

  - by Tim Coulter

  I am a newcomer to WPF, attempting to build a project that follows the recommendations of Josh Smith's excellent article describing The Model-View-ViewModel Design Pattern. Using Josh's sample code as a base, I have created a simple application that contains a number of "workspaces", each represented by a tab in a TabControl. In my application, a workspace is a document editor that allows a hierarchical document to be manipulated via a TreeView control. Although I have succeeded in opening multiple workspaces and viewing their document content in the bound TreeView control, I find that the TreeView "forgets" its state when switching between tabs. For example, if the TreeView in Tab1 is partially expanded, it will be shown as fully collapsed after switching to Tab2 and returning to Tab1. This behaviour appears to apply to all aspects of control state for all controls. After some experimentation, I have realized that I can preserve state within a TabItem by explicitly binding each control state property to a dedicated property on the underlying ViewModel. However, this seems like a lot of additional work, when I simply want all my controls to remember their state when switching between workspaces. I assume I am missing something simple, but I am not sure where to look for the answer. Any guidance would be much appreciated. Thanks, Tim Update: As requested, I will attempt to post some code that demonstrates this problem. However, since the data that underlies the TreeView is complex, I will post a simplified example that exhibits the same symtoms. Here is the XAML from the main window: <TabControl IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" ItemsSource="{Binding Path=Docs}"> <TabControl.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <ContentPresenter Content="{Binding Path=Name}" /> </DataTemplate> </TabControl.ItemTemplate> <TabControl.ContentTemplate> <DataTemplate> <view:DocumentView /> </DataTemplate> </TabControl.ContentTemplate> </TabControl> The above XAML correctly binds to an ObservableCollection of DocumentViewModel, whereby each member is presented via a DocumentView. For the simplicity of this example, I have removed the TreeView (mentioned above) from the DocumentView and replaced it with a TabControl containing 3 fixed tabs: <TabControl> <TabItem Header="A" /> <TabItem Header="B" /> <TabItem Header="C" /> </TabControl> In this scenario, there is no binding between the DocumentView and the DocumentViewModel. When the code is run, the inner TabControl is unable to remember its selection when the outer TabControl is switched. However, if I explicitly bind the inner TabControl's SelectedIndex property ... <TabControl SelectedIndex="{Binding Path=SelectedDocumentIndex}"> <TabItem Header="A" /> <TabItem Header="B" /> <TabItem Header="C" /> </TabControl> ... to a corresponding dummy property on the DocumentViewModel ... public int SelecteDocumentIndex { get; set; } ... the inner tab is able to remember its selection. I understand that I can effectively solve my problem by applying this technique to every visual property of every control, but I am hoping there is a more elegant solution.

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• C# Bind DataTable to Existing DataGridView Column Definitions

  - by Timothy

  I've been struggling with a NullReferenceException and hope someone here will be able to point me in the right direction. I'm trying to create and populate a DataTable and then show the results in a DataGridView control. The basic code follows, and Execution stops with a NullReferenceException at the point where I invoke the new UpdateResults_Delegate. Oddly enough, I can trace entries.Rows.Count successfully before I return it from QueryEventEntries, so I can at least show 1) entries is not a null reference, and 2) the DataTable contains rows of data. I know I have to be doing something wrong, but I just don't know what. private void UpdateResults(DataTable entries) { dataGridView.DataSource = entries; } private void button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { PerformQuery(); } private void PerformQuery() { DateTime start = new DateTime(dateTimePicker1.Value.Year, dateTimePicker1.Value.Month, dateTimePicker1.Value.Day, 0, 0, 0); DateTime stop = new DateTime(dateTimePicker2.Value.Year, dateTimePicker2.Value.Month, dateTimePicker2.Value.Day, 0, 0, 0); DataTable entries = QueryEventEntries(start, stop); UpdateResults(entries); } private DataTable QueryEventEntries(DateTime start, DateTime stop) { DataTable entries = new DataTable(); entries.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[] { new DataColumn("event_type", typeof(Int32)), new DataColumn("event_time", typeof(DateTime)), new DataColumn("event_detail", typeof(String))}); using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(DSN)) { using (SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter( "SELECT event_type, event_time, event_detail FROM event_log " + "WHERE event_time >= @start AND event_time <= @stop", conn)) { adapter.SelectCommand.Parameters.AddRange(new Object[] { new SqlParameter("@start", start), new SqlParameter("@stop", stop)}); adapter.Fill(entries); } } return entries; } Update I'd like to summarize and provide some additional information I've learned from the discussion here and debugging efforts since I originally posted this question. I am refactoring old code that retrieved records from a database, collected those records as an array, and then later iterated through the array to populate a DataGridView row by row. Threading was originally implemented to compensate and keep the UI responsive during the unnecessary looping. I have since stripped out Thread/Invoke; everything now occurs on the same execution thread (thank you, Sam). I am attempting to replace the slow, unwieldy approach using a DataTable which I can fill with a DataAdapter, and assign to the DataGridView through it's DataSource property (above code updated). I've iterated through the entries DataTable's rows to verify the table contains the expected data before assigning it as the DataGridView's DataSource. foreach (DataRow row in entries.Rows) { System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine( String.Format("{0} {1} {2}", row[0], row[1], row[2])); } One of the column of the DataGridView is a custom DataGridViewColumn to stylize the event_type value. I apologize I didn't mention this before in the original post but I wasn't aware it was important to my problem. I have converted this column temporarily to a standard DataGridViewTextBoxColumn control and am no longer experiencing the Exception. The fields in the DataTable are appended to the list of fields that have been pre-specified in Design view of the DataGridView. The records' values are being populated in these appended fields. When the run time attempts to render the cell a null value is provided (as the value that should be rendered is done so a couple columns over). In light of this, I am re-titling and re-tagging the question. I would still appreciate it if others who have experienced this can instruct me on how to go about binding the DataTable to the existing column definitions of the DataGridView.

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• Silverlight 4 + MVVM + KeyDown event

  - by jturn

  I'm trying to build a sample game in Silverlight 4 using the MVVM design pattern to broaden my knowledge. I'm using Laurent Bugnion's MvvmLight toolkit as well (found here: http://mvvmlight.codeplex.com/ ). All I want to do right now is move a shape around within a Canvas by pressing specific keys. My solution contains a Player.xaml (just a rectangle; this will be moved around) and MainPage.xaml (the Canvas and an instance of the Player control). To my understanding, Silverlight doesn't support tunneling routed events, only bubbling. My big problem is that Player.xaml never recognizes the KeyDown event. It's always intercepted by MainPage.xaml first and it never reaches any child controls because it bubbles upward. I'd prefer that the logic to move the Player be in the PlayerViewModel class, but I don't think the Player can know about any KeyDown events firing without me explicitly passing them on down from the MainPage. I ended up adding the handler logic to the MainPageViewModel class. Now my problem is that the MainPageViewModel has no knowledge of Player.xaml so it cannot move this object when handling KeyDown events. I guess this is expected, as ViewModels should not have any knowledge of their associated Views. In not so many words...is there a way this Player user control within my MainPage.xaml can directly accept and handle KeyDown events? If not, what's the ideal method for my MainPageViewModel to communicate with its View's child controls? I'm trying to keep code out of the code-behind files as much as possible. Seems like it's best to put logic in the ViewModels for ease of testing and to decouple UI from logic. (MainPage.xaml) <UserControl x:Class="MvvmSampleGame.MainPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:game="clr-namespace:MvvmSampleGame" xmlns:i="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Interactivity;assembly=System.Windows.Interactivity" xmlns:cmd="clr-namespace:GalaSoft.MvvmLight.Command;assembly=GalaSoft.MvvmLight.Extras.SL4" mc:Ignorable="d" Height="300" Width="300" DataContext="{Binding Main, Source={StaticResource Locator}}"> <i:Interaction.Triggers> <i:EventTrigger EventName="KeyDown"> <cmd:EventToCommand Command="{Binding KeyPressCommand}" PassEventArgsToCommand="True" /> </i:EventTrigger> </i:Interaction.Triggers> <Canvas x:Name="LayoutRoot"> <game:Player x:Name="Player1"></game:Player> </Canvas> (MainViewModel.cs) public MainViewModel() { KeyPressCommand = new RelayCommand<KeyEventArgs>(KeyPressed); } public RelayCommand<KeyEventArgs> KeyPressCommand { get; private set; } private void KeyPressed(KeyEventArgs e) { if (e.Key == Key.Up || e.Key == Key.W) { // move player up } else if (e.Key == Key.Left || e.Key == Key.A) { // move player left } else if (e.Key == Key.Down || e.Key == Key.S) { // move player down } else if (e.Key == Key.Right || e.Key == Key.D) { // move player right } } Thanks in advance, Jeremy

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• "Unable to read data from the transport connection: net_io_connectionclosed." - Windows Vista Busine

  - by John DaCosta

  Unable to test sending email from .NET code in Windows Vista Business. I am writing code which I will migrate to an SSIS Package once it its proven. The code is to send an error message via email to a list of recipients. The code is below, however I am getting an exception when I execute the code. I created a simple class to do the mailing... the design could be better, I am testing functionality before implementing more robust functionality, methods, etc. namespace LabDemos { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Mailer m = new Mailer(); m.test(); } } } namespace LabDemos { class MyMailer { List<string> _to = new List<string>(); List<string> _cc = new List<string>(); List<string> _bcc = new List<string>(); String _msgFrom = ""; String _msgSubject = ""; String _msgBody = ""; public void test(){ //create the mail message MailMessage mail = new MailMessage(); //set the addresses mail.From = new MailAddress("[email protected]"); //set the content mail.Subject = "This is an email"; mail.Body = "this is a sample body"; mail.IsBodyHtml = false; //send the message SmtpClient smtp = new SmtpClient(); smtp.Host = "emailservername"; smtp.Port = 25; smtp.UseDefaultCredentials = true; smtp.Send(mail); } } Exception Message Inner Exception {"Unable to read data from the transport connection: net_io_connectionclosed."} Stack Trace " at System.Net.Mail.SmtpReplyReaderFactory.ProcessRead(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 read, Boolean readLine)\r\n at System.Net.Mail.SmtpReplyReaderFactory.ReadLines(SmtpReplyReader caller, Boolean oneLine)\r\n at System.Net.Mail.SmtpReplyReaderFactory.ReadLine(SmtpReplyReader caller)\r\n at System.Net.Mail.SmtpConnection.GetConnection(String host, Int32 port)\r\n at System.Net.Mail.SmtpTransport.GetConnection(String host, Int32 port)\r\n at System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient.GetConnection()\r\n at System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient.Send(MailMessage message)" Outer Exception System.Net.Mail.SmtpException was unhandled Message="Failure sending mail." Source="System" StackTrace: at System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient.Send(MailMessage message) at LabDemos.Mailer.test() in C:\Users\username\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\LabDemos\LabDemos\Mailer.cs:line 40 at LabDemos.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\username\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\LabDemos\LabDemos\Program.cs:line 48 at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(Assembly assembly, String[] args) at System.AppDomain.nExecuteAssembly(Assembly assembly, String[] args) at System.Runtime.Hosting.ManifestRunner.Run(Boolean checkAptModel) at System.Runtime.Hosting.ManifestRunner.ExecuteAsAssembly() at System.Runtime.Hosting.ApplicationActivator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext activationContext, String[] activationCustomData) at System.Runtime.Hosting.ApplicationActivator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext activationContext) at System.Activator.CreateInstance(ActivationContext activationContext) at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssemblyDebugInZone() at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart() InnerException: System.IO.IOException Message="Unable to read data from the transport connection: net_io_connectionclosed." Source="System" StackTrace: at System.Net.Mail.SmtpReplyReaderFactory.ProcessRead(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 read, Boolean readLine) at System.Net.Mail.SmtpReplyReaderFactory.ReadLines(SmtpReplyReader caller, Boolean oneLine) at System.Net.Mail.SmtpReplyReaderFactory.ReadLine(SmtpReplyReader caller) at System.Net.Mail.SmtpConnection.GetConnection(String host, Int32 port) at System.Net.Mail.SmtpTransport.GetConnection(String host, Int32 port) at System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient.GetConnection() at System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient.Send(MailMessage message) InnerException:

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• Animating the offset of the scrollView in a UICollectionView/UITableView causes prematurely disappearing cells

  - by radutzan

  We have a UICollectionView with a custom layout very similar to UITableView (it scrolls vertically). The UICollectionView displays only 3 cells simultaneously, with one of them being the currently active cell: [ 1 ] [*2*] [ 3 ] (The active cell here is #2.) The cells are roughly 280 points high, so only the active cell is fully visible on the screen. The user doesn't directly scroll the view to navigate, instead, she swipes the active cell horizontally to advance to the next cell. We then do some fancy animations and scroll the UICollectionView so the next cell is in the "active" position, thus making it the active one, moving the old one away and bringing up the next cell in the queue: [ 2 ] [*3*] [ 4 ] The problem here is setting the UICollectionView's offset. We currently set it in a UIView animation block (self.collectionView.contentOffset = targetOffset;) along with three other animating properties, which mostly works great, but causes the first cell (the previously active one, in the latter case, #2) to vanish as soon as the animation starts running, even before the delay interval completes. This is definitely not ideal. I've thought of some solutions, but can't figure out the best one: Absurdly enlarge the UICollectionView's frame to fit five cells instead of three, thus forcing it to keep the cells in memory even if they are offscreen. I've tried this and it works, but it sounds like an awfully dirty hack. Take a snapshot of the rendered content of the vanishing cell, put it in a UIImageView, add the UIImageView as a subview of the scrollView just before the cell goes away in the exact same position of the old cell, removing it once the animation ends. Sounds less sucky than the previous option (memory-wise, at least), but still kinda hacky. I also don't know the best way to accomplish this, please point me in the right direction. Switch to UIScrollView's setContentOffset:animated:. We actually used to have this, and it fixed the disappearing cell issue, but running this in parallel with the other UIView animations apparently competes for the attention of the main thread, thus creating a terribly choppy animation on single-core devices (iPhone 3GS/4). It also doesn't allow us to change the duration or easing of the animation, so it feels out of sync with the rest. Still an option if we can find a way to make it work in harmony with the UIView block animations. Switch to UICollectionView's scrollToItemAtIndexPath:atScrollPosition:animated:. Haven't tried this, but it has a big downside: it only takes 3 possible constants (that apply to this case, at least) for the target scroll position: UICollectionViewScrollPositionTop, UICollectionViewScrollPositionCenteredVertically and UICollectionViewScrollPositionBottom. The active cell could vary its height, but it always has to be 35 points from the top of the window, and these options don't provide enough control to accomplish the design. It could also potentially be just as problematic as 3.1. Still an option because there might be a way to go around the scroll position thing that I don't know of, and it might not have the same issue with the main thread, which seems unlikely. Any help will be greatly appreciated. Please ask if you need clarification. Thanks a lot!

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• Best practices for using the Entity Framework with WPF DataBinding

  - by Ken Smith

  I'm in the process of building my first real WPF application (i.e., the first intended to be used by someone besides me), and I'm still wrapping my head around the best way to do things in WPF. It's a fairly simple data access application using the still-fairly-new Entity Framework, but I haven't been able to find a lot of guidance online for the best way to use these two technologies (WPF and EF) together. So I thought I'd toss out how I'm approaching it, and see if anyone has any better suggestions. I'm using the Entity Framework with SQL Server 2008. The EF strikes me as both much more complicated than it needs to be, and not yet mature, but Linq-to-SQL is apparently dead, so I might as well use the technology that MS seems to be focusing on. This is a simple application, so I haven't (yet) seen fit to build a separate data layer around it. When I want to get at data, I use fairly simple Linq-to-Entity queries, usually straight from my code-behind, e.g.: var families = from family in entities.Family.Include("Person") orderby family.PrimaryLastName, family.Tag select family; Linq-to-Entity queries return an IOrderedQueryable result, which doesn't automatically reflect changes in the underlying data, e.g., if I add a new record via code to the entity data model, the existence of this new record is not automatically reflected in the various controls referencing the Linq query. Consequently, I'm throwing the results of these queries into an ObservableCollection, to capture underlying data changes: familyOC = new ObservableCollection<Family>(families.ToList()); I then map the ObservableCollection to a CollectionViewSource, so that I can get filtering, sorting, etc., without having to return to the database. familyCVS.Source = familyOC; familyCVS.View.Filter = new Predicate<object>(ApplyFamilyFilter); familyCVS.View.SortDescriptions.Add(new System.ComponentModel.SortDescription("PrimaryLastName", System.ComponentModel.ListSortDirection.Ascending)); familyCVS.View.SortDescriptions.Add(new System.ComponentModel.SortDescription("Tag", System.ComponentModel.ListSortDirection.Ascending)); I then bind the various controls and what-not to that CollectionViewSource: <ListBox DockPanel.Dock="Bottom" Margin="5,5,5,5" Name="familyList" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource familyCVS}, Path=., Mode=TwoWay}" IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource familyTemplate}" SelectionChanged="familyList_SelectionChanged" /> When I need to add or delete records/objects, I manually do so from both the entity data model, and the ObservableCollection: private void DeletePerson(Person person) { entities.DeleteObject(person); entities.SaveChanges(); personOC.Remove(person); } I'm generally using StackPanel and DockPanel controls to position elements. Sometimes I'll use a Grid, but it seems hard to maintain: if you want to add a new row to the top of your grid, you have to touch every control directly hosted by the grid to tell it to use a new line. Uggh. (Microsoft has never really seemed to get the DRY concept.) I almost never use the VS WPF designer to add, modify or position controls. The WPF designer that comes with VS is sort of vaguely helpful to see what your form is going to look like, but even then, well, not really, especially if you're using data templates that aren't binding to data that's available at design time. If I need to edit my XAML, I take it like a man and do it manually. Most of my real code is in C# rather than XAML. As I've mentioned elsewhere, entirely aside from the fact that I'm not yet used to "thinking" in it, XAML strikes me as a clunky, ugly language, that also happens to come with poor designer and intellisense support, and that can't be debugged. Uggh. Consequently, whenever I can see clearly how to do something in C# code-behind that I can't easily see how to do in XAML, I do it in C#, with no apologies. There's been plenty written about how it's a good practice to almost never use code-behind in WPF page (say, for event-handling), but so far at least, that makes no sense to me whatsoever. Why should I do something in an ugly, clunky language with god-awful syntax, an astonishingly bad editor, and virtually no type safety, when I can use a nice, clean language like C# that has a world-class editor, near-perfect intellisense, and unparalleled type safety? So that's where I'm at. Any suggestions? Am I missing any big parts of this? Anything that I should really think about doing differently?

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• WPF Binding Error reported when Binding appears to work fine

  - by Noldorin

  I am trying to create a custom TabItem template/style in my WPF 4.0 application (using VS 2010 Pro RTM), but inspite of everything seeming to work correctly, I am noticing a binding error in the trace window. The resource dictionary XAML I use to style the TabItems of a TabControl is given in full here. (Just create a simple TabControl with several items and apply the given ResourceDictionary to test it out.) Specifically, the error is occurring due to the following line (discovered through trial and error testing, since Visual Studio isn't actually reporting it at design tim <TranslateTransform X="{Binding ActualWidth, ElementName=leftSideBorderPath}"/> The full error given in the trace (Ouput window) is the following: System.Windows.Data Error: 2 : Cannot find governing FrameworkElement or FrameworkContentElement for target element. BindingExpression:Path=ActualWidth; DataItem=null; target element is 'TranslateTransform' (HashCode=35345840); target property is 'X' (type 'Double') The error occurs on load and is repeated 5 times then (note that I have 3 tab items in my example). It also occurs consistently and repeatedly whenever for the Window is resized, for example - filling the Output window. Perhaps every time the TabItem layout is updated? And again, though it is not reported, the error very much seems to be due to the fact that I am binding to any element at all, not specifically leftSideBorderPath or the the ActualWidth propertry. For example, changing this line to the following fixes things. <TranslateTransform X="25"/> Unfortunately, hard-coding the value isn't really an option. This issue seems very strange to me in that the binding does appear to be giving the correct results. (Inspecting the X value of the TranslateTransform at runtime clearly shows the correct bound value, and the ClipGeometry when viewed is exactly what it hsould be.) Neither Visual Studio nor WPF seems to be giving me any more information on the cause of the error perhaps (setting PresentationTraceSources.TraceLevel to High doesn't help), yet the fact that things are working despite the error being reported inclines me to think that this is some fringe-case WPF bug. As a side note, the Visual Studio WPF designer and XAML editor are giving me a problem with the following line: <PathGeometry Figures="{Binding Source={StaticResource TabSideFillFigures}}"/> Although WPF (at runtime) is perfectly happy binding Figures to the TabSideFillFigures string, with the Binding enforcing the use of the TypeConverter, the XAML editor and WPF designer are complaining. All the XAML code for the ControlTemplate is underlined and I get the following errors in the Error List: Error 9 '{DependencyProperty.UnsetValue}' is not a valid value for the 'System.Windows.Controls.Control.Template' property on a Setter. C:\Users\Alex\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Ircsil\devel\Ircsil\MainWindow.xaml 1 1 Ircsil Error 10 Object reference not set to an instance of an object. C:\Users\Alex\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Ircsil\devel\Ircsil\Skins\Default\MainSkin.xaml 58 17 Ircsil Again, to repeat, everything works perfectly well at runtime, which is what makes this particularly odd... Could someone perhaps shed some light on these issues, in particular the first (which seems to be a potential WPF bug), and the latter (which seems to be a Visual Studio bug). Any sort of feedback or suggestions would be much appreciated!

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• iPhone/Obj-C: Accessing a UIScrollView from a View displayed within it.

  - by Daniel I-S

  I'm writing a simple iPhone app which lets a user access a series of calculators. It consists of the following: UITableViewController (RootViewController), with the list of calculators. UIViewController + UIScrollView (UniversalScroller), which represents an empty scroll view - and has a 'displayedViewController' property. UIViewController (Calculators 1-9), each of which contains a view with controls that represents a particular calculator. Each calculator takes 3-5 values via UITextFields and UISliders, and has a 'calculate' button. They can potentially be taller than 460px(iPhone screen height). The idea is: User taps on a particular menu item in the RootViewController. This loads and inits UniversalScroller, ALSO loads and inits the UIViewcontroller for the particular calculator that was selected, sets the displayedViewController property of UniversalScroller to the newly loaded calculator UIViewcontroller, and pushes the UniversalScroller to the front. When the UniversalScroller hits its 'viewDidLoad' event, it sets its contentSize to the view frame size of its 'displayedViewController' object. It then adds the displayedViewController's view as a subview to itself, and sets its own title to equal that of the displayedViewController. It now displays the calculator, along with the correct title, in a scrollable form. Conceptually (and currently; this stuff has all been implemented already), this works great - I can design the calculators how I see fit, as tall as they end up being, and they will automatically be accommodated and displayed in an appropriately configured UIScrollView. However, there is one problem: The main reason I wanted to display things in a UIScrollView was so that, when the on-screen-keyboard appeared, I could shift the view up to focus on the control that is currently being edited. To do this, I need access to the UniversalScroller object that is holding the current calculator's view. On the beganEditing: event of each control, I intended to use the [UniversalScroller.view scrollRectToVisible: animated:] method to move focus to the correct control. However, I am having trouble accessing the UniversalScroller. I tried assigning a reference to it as a property of each calculator UIViewController, but did't seem to have much luck. I've read about using Delegates but have had trouble working out exactly how they work. I'm looking for one of three things: Some explanation of how I can access the methods of a UIScrollView from a UIViewController whose view is contained within it. or Confirmation of my suspicions that making users scroll on a data entry form is bad, and I should just abandon scrollviews altogether and move the view up and down to the relevant position when the keyboard appears, then back when it disappears. or Some pointers on how I could go about redesigning the calculators (which are basically simple data entry forms using labels, sliders and textfields) to be contained within UITableViewCells (presumably in a UITableView, which I understand is a scrollview deep down) - I read a post on SO saying that that's a more pleasing way to make a data entry form, but I couldn't find any examples of that online. Screenshots would be nice. Anything to make my app more usable and naturally 'iPhone-like', since shuffling labels and textboxes around makes me feel like I am building a winforms app! I've only recently started with this platform and language, and despite being largely an Apple skeptic I definitely see the beauty in the way that it works. Help me solve this problem and I might fall in love completely. Dan

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• WPF UserControl Style results in error message

  - by Didier

  Hi I'm new in WPF so I try to create a WPF UserControl. My problem is about the style of the user control I've Created. On a design time I got this error message Can only base on a Style with target type that is base type 'RichTextBox'. at System.Windows.Style.Seal() at System.Windows.StyleHelper.UpdateStyleCache(FrameworkElement fe, FrameworkContentElement fce, Style oldStyle, Style newStyle, Style& styleCache) at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.OnStyleChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) at System.Windows.DependencyObject.OnPropertyChanged(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.OnPropertyChanged(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) at System.Windows.DependencyObject.NotifyPropertyChange(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) at System.Windows.DependencyObject.UpdateEffectiveValue(EntryIndex entryIndex, DependencyProperty dp, PropertyMetadata metadata, EffectiveValueEntry oldEntry, EffectiveValueEntry& newEntry, Boolean coerceWithDeferredReference, OperationType operationType) at System.Windows.DependencyObject.InvalidateProperty(DependencyProperty dp) at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.UpdateStyleProperty() at System.Windows.TreeWalkHelper.InvalidateStyleAndReferences(DependencyObject d, ResourcesChangeInfo info, Boolean containsTypeOfKey) at System.Windows.TreeWalkHelper.OnResourcesChanged(DependencyObject d, ResourcesChangeInfo info, Boolean raiseResourceChangedEvent) at System.Windows.TreeWalkHelper.OnResourcesChangedCallback(DependencyObject d, ResourcesChangeInfo info) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1._VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(FrameworkElement fe) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.VisitNode(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkLogicalChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, FrameworkContentElement fceParent, IEnumerator logicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.WalkFrameworkElementLogicalThenVisualChildren(FrameworkElement feParent, Boolean hasLogicalChildren) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker1.IterateChildren(DependencyObject d) at System.Windows.DescendentsWalker`1.StartWalk(DependencyObject startNode, Boolean skipStartNode) at System.Windows.TreeWalkHelper.InvalidateOnResourcesChange(FrameworkElement fe, FrameworkContentElement fce, ResourcesChangeInfo info) at System.Windows.ResourceDictionary.NotifyOwners(ResourcesChangeInfo info) at System.Windows.ResourceDictionary.EndInit() at MS.Internal.Host.Designer.OnAppResourcesChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e) at MS.Internal.Host.Designer.get_View() at MS.Internal.Designer.VSDesigner.Load() at MS.Internal.Designer.VSIsolatedDesigner.VSIsolatedView.Load() at MS.Internal.Designer.VSIsolatedDesigner.VSIsolatedDesignerFactory.Load(IsolatedView view) at MS.Internal.Host.Isolation.IsolatedDesigner.BootstrapProxy.LoadDesigner(IsolatedDesignerFactory factory, IsolatedView view) at MS.Internal.Host.Isolation.IsolatedDesigner.BootstrapProxy.LoadDesigner(IsolatedDesignerFactory factory, IsolatedView view) at MS.Internal.Host.Isolation.IsolatedDesigner.Load() at MS.Internal.Designer.DesignerPane.LoadDesignerView() And at a run time An error Message type XamlParseException Occurs and the message is: Cannot create instance of 'RichTextBox' defined in assembly 'PresentationFramework, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35'. Can only base on a Style with target type that is base type 'RichTextBox'. Error at object 'System.Windows.Controls.Grid' in markup file 'NameSpace;component/usercontrols /myusercontrol.xaml' Line 125 Position 14. My user control have 3 richtextboxes 1 textbox and 3 dropdownlist and about 10 buttons. I think The problem is about to define the style of my user control, can anyone help me to do this. Thanks

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• Game loop and time tracking

  - by David Brown

  Maybe I'm just an idiot, but I've been trying to implement a game loop all day and it's just not clicking. I've read literally every article I could find on Google, but the problem is that they all use different timing mechanisms, which makes them difficult to apply to my particular situation (some use milliseconds, other use ticks, etc). Basically, I have a Clock object that updates each time the game loop executes. internal class Clock { public static long Timestamp { get { return Stopwatch.GetTimestamp(); } } public static long Frequency { get { return Stopwatch.Frequency; } } private long _startTime; private long _lastTime; private TimeSpan _totalTime; private TimeSpan _elapsedTime; /// <summary> /// The amount of time that has passed since the first step. /// </summary> public TimeSpan TotalTime { get { return _totalTime; } } /// <summary> /// The amount of time that has passed since the last step. /// </summary> public TimeSpan ElapsedTime { get { return _elapsedTime; } } public Clock() { Reset(); } public void Reset() { _startTime = Timestamp; _lastTime = 0; _totalTime = TimeSpan.Zero; _elapsedTime = TimeSpan.Zero; } public void Tick() { long currentTime = Timestamp; if (_lastTime == 0) _lastTime = currentTime; _totalTime = TimestampToTimeSpan(currentTime - _startTime); _elapsedTime = TimestampToTimeSpan(currentTime - _lastTime); _lastTime = currentTime; } public static TimeSpan TimestampToTimeSpan(long timestamp) { return TimeSpan.FromTicks( (timestamp * TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond) / Frequency); } } I based most of that on the XNA GameClock, but it's greatly simplified. Then, I have a Time class which holds various times that the Update and Draw methods need to know. public class Time { public TimeSpan ElapsedVirtualTime { get; internal set; } public TimeSpan ElapsedRealTime { get; internal set; } public TimeSpan TotalVirtualTime { get; internal set; } public TimeSpan TotalRealTime { get; internal set; } internal Time() { } internal Time(TimeSpan elapsedVirtualTime, TimeSpan elapsedRealTime, TimeSpan totalVirutalTime, TimeSpan totalRealTime) { ElapsedVirtualTime = elapsedVirtualTime; ElapsedRealTime = elapsedRealTime; TotalVirtualTime = totalVirutalTime; TotalRealTime = totalRealTime; } } My main class keeps a single instance of Time, which it should constantly update during the game loop. So far, I have this: private static void Loop() { do { Clock.Tick(); Time.TotalRealTime = Clock.TotalTime; Time.ElapsedRealTime = Clock.ElapsedTime; InternalUpdate(Time); InternalDraw(Time); } while (!_exitRequested); } The real time properties of the time class turn out great. Now I'd like to get a proper update/draw loop working so that the state is updated a variable number of times per frame, but at a fixed timestep. At the same time, the Time.TotalVirtualTime and Time.ElapsedVirtualTime should be updated accordingly. In addition, I intend for this to support multiplayer in the future, in case that makes any difference to the design of the game loop. Any tips or examples on how I could go about implementing this (aside from links to articles)?

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• Drools flow architecture, Drools flow events with AND join nodes

  - by Shoukry K

  I have been evaluating a number of frameworks including jBPM and Drools flow for my application requirements. Lots of the opinions seem to be inclined towards Drools flow as its more flexible, knowledge oriented, easier to integrate with business rules, etc.. The application is some sort of an Email Campaign manager , where different customers can sign in, prepare (design) and launch email campaigns. The application should be able to do the following : 1- Receive a list of email addresses, send emails to each of these addresses starting from a certain date and during a certain time interval of the day , do some custom actions, and then wait for reply emails. 2- If a reply email is received and depending on the response text of the email , and depending on the time the email was received certain actions need to happen, web service calls need to take place, and error handling for these calls. 3- The application will manage and run many and different campaigns (different customers and different flows for each customer) at any point of time. The first question is : Is Drools flow the way to go about this? My main concerns are scalability, suspending, resuming flows, and long wait, and flows management. As you see from the requirements : There is a scheduling part : Certain flows need to be run at a certain point in time, they need to get suspended and then resumed. For example start sending emails starting on Dec 1st 2010 and send emails only in the time interval between 08:00 and 17:00 GMT. By then it might be that all subscribers have been sent emails, but it might not be the case, the process needs to (resume) on Dec 2nd and send a second batch, however certain (users) already received emails and they should be able to (continue at different stages of the flow) There are long wait states : Days or even weeks , i need to persist, suspend / resume and terminate flows (manage flows) External Events : This is where i got stuck first, i tried to put together a simple flow (see attached screenshot) See image http://img46.imageshack.us/img46/9620/workflowwithevents.png , there is a start node , connected to an action node, connected to a join. An event node is connected to a second action node, which is connected to the join. The join is an AND join , after the join there is an action and the end node. Here is the sample code i am using to launch the flow : KnowledgeBuilder builder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory .newKnowledgeBuilder(); builder.add(ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource("campaign.rf", CampaignsDroolsPoc.class), ResourceType.DRF); if (builder.hasErrors()) { KnowledgeBuilderErrors errors = builder.getErrors(); Iterator<KnowledgeBuilderError> iterator = errors.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { System.out.println(iterator.next().toString()); } } KnowledgeBase base = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase(); base.addKnowledgePackages(builder.getKnowledgePackages()); final StatefulKnowledgeSession ksession = base .newStatefulKnowledgeSession(); // KnowledgeRuntimeLoggerFactory.newConsoleLogger(ksession); ksession.getWorkItemManager().registerWorkItemHandler("Log", new SendSMSWorkItemHandler()); ProcessInstance startProcess = ksession.startProcess("flow"); System.out.println("Signaling event"); startProcess.signalEvent("ev1", "ev1"); System.out.println("Signaled"); ksession.fireUntilHalt(); I am noticing that the event get triggered, the action node connected to the event gets triggered, however things seem to get stuck at the join. The flow does not continue past the AND join and the flow seems to get stuck. The action following the node does not get triggered. I also went through the drools flow documentation , and all the example codes, however i didn't find anything there. In addition any hints about the way to go about architecting the solution, and implementing it would be great.

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• How is WPF Data Binding using Object Data Source in Visual Studio 2010 done?

  - by Rob Perkins

  This is probably mostly a question about how to use the VS 2010 IDE tools in a way the Microsofties didn't specifically intend. But since this is something I immediately tried without success. I have defined a .NET 4.0 WPF Application project with a simple class that looks like this: Public Class Class1 Public Property One As String = "OneString" Public Property Two As String = "TwoString" End Class I then defined it as an "Object Data Source" in VS2010, using the IDE's "Add New Data Source..." feature. This exposes the class members in a GUI element in the IDE as given in this image: Dragging "Class1" from that tool to the surface of "Window1.xaml" in a default "WPF Application" results in the design view looking like this: And generated XAML like this: <Window x:Class="Window1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="Window1" Height="133" Width="170" xmlns:my="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1" mc:Ignorable="d" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" > <Window.Resources> <CollectionViewSource x:Key="Class1ViewSource" d:DesignSource="{d:DesignInstance my:Class1, CreateList=True}" /> </Window.Resources> <Grid DataContext="{StaticResource Class1ViewSource}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Name="Grid1" VerticalAlignment="Top"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto" /> <RowDefinition Height="Auto" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Label Content="One:" Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" /> <TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="0" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="3" Name="OneTextBlock" Text="{Binding Path=One}" VerticalAlignment="Center" /> <Label Content="Two:" Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" /> <TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="3" Name="TwoTextBlock" Text="{Binding Path=Two}" VerticalAlignment="Center" /> </Grid> Note the data bindings Text="{Binding Path=One}" and Text="{Binding Path=Two}" in the TextBlock elements. Code-behind for Window1.xaml has this in Window_Loaded: Class Window1 Private m_c1 As New Class1 Private Sub Window1_Loaded(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles Me.Loaded Dim Class1ViewSource As System.Windows.Data.CollectionViewSource = CType(Me.FindResource("Class1ViewSource"), System.Windows.Data.CollectionViewSource) 'Load data by setting the CollectionViewSource.Source property: 'Class1ViewSource.Source = [generic data source] Me.DataContext = m_c1 End Sub End Class Running the application produces this output: The expected result was that "OneString" would appear next to "One" and "TwoString" next to "Two" in the running window. The question is: Why didn't this work? What will work instead? If I put bindings in a DataTemplate, it works. Blend, with its sample data stuff, implied that this should work, but it doesn't. I know I'm missing something pretty fundamental here; what is it?

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• How to Add, Edit and Display one to many relationship entities in ASP.Net MVC 2?

  - by Picflight

  I am looking for best practices conforming to the MVC design pattern. My Entities have the following relationship. tblPortal PortalId PrortalName tblPortalAlias AliasId PortalId HttpAlias Each Portal can have many PortalAlias. I want to Add a New Portal and then Add the associated PortalAlias. I am confused on how I should structure the Views and how I should present the Views to the user. I am looking for some sample code on how to accomplish this. My thoughts are first present the Portal View, let the user add the Portal. Then click the Edit link on the Portal List View and on the Portal Edit View let them Add the PortalAlias. If so, what should the Edit View look like? So far I have: Edit <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MyProject.Mvc.Models.PortalFormViewModel>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Edit </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <h2>Edit</h2> <% Html.RenderPartial("PortalForm", Model); %> <div> <%= Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %> </div> </asp:Content> PortalForm <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<MyProject.Mvc.Models.PortalFormViewModel>" %> <%= Html.ValidationSummary("Please correct the errors and try again.") %> <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%> <%= Html.ValidationSummary(true) %> <fieldset> <legend>Fields</legend> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.Portal.PortalId) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Portal.PortalId) %> <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Portal.PortalId) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.Portal.PortalName) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Portal.PortalName) %> <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Portal.PortalName) %> </div> <p> <input type="submit" value="Save" /> </p> </fieldset> <% } %> Alias<br /><%-- This display is for debug --%> <% foreach (var item in Model.PortalAlias) { %> <%= item.HTTPAlias %><br /> <% } %> PortalFormViewModel public class PortalFormViewModel { public Portal Portal { get; private set; } public IEnumerable<PortalAlias> PortalAlias { get; private set; } public PortalFormViewModel() { Portal = new Portal(); } public PortalFormViewModel(Portal portal) { Portal = portal; PortalAlias = portal.PortalAlias; } }

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• ASP.NET MVC 2 "value" in DataAnnotation attribute passed is null, when incorrect date is submitted.

  - by goldenelf2

  Hello to all! This is my first question here on stack overflow. i need help on a problem i encountered during an ASP.NET MVC2 project i am currently working on. I should note that I'm relatively new to MVC design, so pls bear my ignorance. Here goes : I have a regular form on which various details about a person are shown. One of them is "Date of Birth". My view is like this <div class="form-items"> <%: Html.Label("DateOfBirth", "Date of Birth:") %> <%: Html.EditorFor(m => m.DateOfBirth) %> <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.DateOfBirth) %> </div> I'm using an editor template i found, to show only the date correctly : <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<System.DateTime?>"%> <%= Html.TextBox("", (Model.HasValue ? Model.Value.ToShortDateString() : string.Empty))%> I used LinqToSql designer to create my model from an sql database. In order to do some validation i made a partial class Person to extend the one created by the designer (under the same namespace) : [MetadataType(typeof(IPerson))] public partial class Person : IPerson { //To create buddy class } public interface IPerson { [Required(ErrorMessage="Please enter a name")] string Name { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage="Please enter a surname")] string Surname { get; set; } [Birthday] DateTime? DateOfBirth { get; set; } [Email(ErrorMessage="Please enter a valid email")] string Email { get; set; } } I want to make sure that a correct date is entered. So i created a custom DataAnnotation attribute in order to validate the date : public class BirthdayAttribute : ValidationAttribute { private const string _errorMessage = "Please enter a valid date"; public BirthdayAttribute() : base(_errorMessage) { } public override bool IsValid(object value) { if (value == null) { return true; } DateTime temp; bool result = DateTime.TryParse(value.ToString(), out temp); return result; } } Well, my problem is this. Once i enter an incorrect date in the DateOfBirth field then no custom message is displayed even if use the attribute like [Birthday(ErrorMessage=".....")]. The message displayed is the one returned from the db ie "The value '32/4/1967' is not valid for DateOfBirth.". I tried to enter some break points around the code, and found out that the "value" in attribute is always null when the date is incorrect, but always gets a value if the date is in correct format. The same ( value == null) is passed also in the code generated by the designer. This thing is driving me nuts. Please can anyone help me deal with this? Also if someone can tell me where exactly is the point of entry from the view to the database. Is it related to the model binder? because i wanted to check exactly what value is passed once i press the "submit" button. Thank you.

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