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• Oracle???????2012?11??

  - by Allen Gao

  Normal 0 7.8 ? 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/ /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:????; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} ????Oracle???????11??????????: ????:??????????????Oracle???????????????????? ????:Oracle???????2012?11??

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• SQLite, python, unicode, and non-utf data

  - by Nathan Spears

  I started by trying to store strings in sqlite using python, and got the message: sqlite3.ProgrammingError: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to Unicode strings. Ok, I switched to Unicode strings. Then I started getting the message: sqlite3.OperationalError: Could not decode to UTF-8 column 'tag_artist' with text 'Sigur Rós' when trying to retrieve data from the db. More research and I started encoding it in utf8, but then 'Sigur Rós' starts looking like 'Sigur Rós' note: My console was set to display in 'latin_1' as @John Machin pointed out. What gives? After reading this, describing exactly the same situation I'm in, it seems as if the advice is to ignore the other advice and use 8-bit bytestrings after all. I didn't know much about unicode and utf before I started this process. I've learned quite a bit in the last couple hours, but I'm still ignorant of whether there is a way to correctly convert 'ó' from latin-1 to utf-8 and not mangle it. If there isn't, why would sqlite 'highly recommend' I switch my application to unicode strings? I'm going to update this question with a summary and some example code of everything I've learned in the last 24 hours so that someone in my shoes can have an easy(er) guide. If the information I post is wrong or misleading in any way please tell me and I'll update, or one of you senior guys can update. Summary of answers Let me first state the goal as I understand it. The goal in processing various encodings, if you are trying to convert between them, is to understand what your source encoding is, then convert it to unicode using that source encoding, then convert it to your desired encoding. Unicode is a base and encodings are mappings of subsets of that base. utf_8 has room for every character in unicode, but because they aren't in the same place as, for instance, latin_1, a string encoded in utf_8 and sent to a latin_1 console will not look the way you expect. In python the process of getting to unicode and into another encoding looks like: str.decode('source_encoding').encode('desired_encoding') or if the str is already in unicode str.encode('desired_encoding') For sqlite I didn't actually want to encode it again, I wanted to decode it and leave it in unicode format. Here are four things you might need to be aware of as you try to work with unicode and encodings in python. The encoding of the string you want to work with, and the encoding you want to get it to. The system encoding. The console encoding. The encoding of the source file Elaboration: (1) When you read a string from a source, it must have some encoding, like latin_1 or utf_8. In my case, I'm getting strings from filenames, so unfortunately, I could be getting any kind of encoding. Windows XP uses UCS-2 (a Unicode system) as its native string type, which seems like cheating to me. Fortunately for me, the characters in most filenames are not going to be made up of more than one source encoding type, and I think all of mine were either completely latin_1, completely utf_8, or just plain ascii (which is a subset of both of those). So I just read them and decoded them as if they were still in latin_1 or utf_8. It's possible, though, that you could have latin_1 and utf_8 and whatever other characters mixed together in a filename on Windows. Sometimes those characters can show up as boxes, other times they just look mangled, and other times they look correct (accented characters and whatnot). Moving on. (2) Python has a default system encoding that gets set when python starts and can't be changed during runtime. See here for details. Dirty summary ... well here's the file I added: \# sitecustomize.py \# this file can be anywhere in your Python path, \# but it usually goes in ${pythondir}/lib/site-packages/ import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf_8') This system encoding is the one that gets used when you use the unicode("str") function without any other encoding parameters. To say that another way, python tries to decode "str" to unicode based on the default system encoding. (3) If you're using IDLE or the command-line python, I think that your console will display according to the default system encoding. I am using pydev with eclipse for some reason, so I had to go into my project settings, edit the launch configuration properties of my test script, go to the Common tab, and change the console from latin-1 to utf-8 so that I could visually confirm what I was doing was working. (4) If you want to have some test strings, eg test_str = "ó" in your source code, then you will have to tell python what kind of encoding you are using in that file. (FYI: when I mistyped an encoding I had to ctrl-Z because my file became unreadable.) This is easily accomplished by putting a line like so at the top of your source code file: # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- If you don't have this information, python attempts to parse your code as ascii by default, and so: SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xf3' in file _redacted_ on line 81, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Once your program is working correctly, or, if you aren't using python's console or any other console to look at output, then you will probably really only care about #1 on the list. System default and console encoding are not that important unless you need to look at output and/or you are using the builtin unicode() function (without any encoding parameters) instead of the string.decode() function. I wrote a demo function I will paste into the bottom of this gigantic mess that I hope correctly demonstrates the items in my list. Here is some of the output when I run the character 'ó' through the demo function, showing how various methods react to the character as input. My system encoding and console output are both set to utf_8 for this run: '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Now I will change the system and console encoding to latin_1, and I get this output for the same input: 'ó' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' 'ó' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Notice that the 'original' character displays correctly and the builtin unicode() function works now. Now I change my console output back to utf_8. '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Here everything still works the same as last time but the console can't display the output correctly. Etc. The function below also displays more information that this and hopefully would help someone figure out where the gap in their understanding is. I know all this information is in other places and more thoroughly dealt with there, but I hope that this would be a good kickoff point for someone trying to get coding with python and/or sqlite. Ideas are great but sometimes source code can save you a day or two of trying to figure out what functions do what. Disclaimers: I'm no encoding expert, I put this together to help my own understanding. I kept building on it when I should have probably started passing functions as arguments to avoid so much redundant code, so if I can I'll make it more concise. Also, utf_8 and latin_1 are by no means the only encoding schemes, they are just the two I was playing around with because I think they handle everything I need. Add your own encoding schemes to the demo function and test your own input. One more thing: there are apparently crazy application developers making life difficult in Windows. #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- import os import sys def encodingDemo(str): validStrings = () try: print "str =",str,"{0} repr(str) = {1}".format(type(str), repr(str)) validStrings += ((str,""),) except UnicodeEncodeError as ude: print "Couldn't print the str itself because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print ude try: x = unicode(str) print "unicode(str) = ",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded into unicode by the default system encoding"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "ERROR. unicode(str) couldn't decode the string because the system encoding is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string." print "\tThe system encoding is set to {0}. See error:\n\t".format(sys.getdefaultencoding()), print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the unicode(str) because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('latin_1') print "str.decode('latin_1') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') =",str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode and encoded into utf_8"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "The string was decoded into unicode using the latin_1 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into utf_8. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "Something didn't work, probably because the string wasn't latin_1 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('latin_1') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('utf_8') print "str.decode('utf_8') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') =",str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') didn't work. The string was decoded into unicode using the utf_8 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into latin_1. See error:\n\t", validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode and encoded into latin_1"),) print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8') didn't work, probably because the string wasn't utf_8 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('utf_8') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t",uee print print "Printing information about each character in the original string." for char in str: try: print "\t'" + char + "' = original char {0} repr(char)={1}".format(type(char), repr(char)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), uee) print uee try: x = unicode(char) print "\t'" + x + "' = unicode(char) {1} repr(unicode(char))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('latin_1') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('latin_1') {1} repr(char.decode('latin_1'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('utf_8') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('utf_8') {1} repr(char.decode('utf_8'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) print x = 'ó' encodingDemo(x) Much thanks for the answers below and especially to @John Machin for answering so thoroughly.

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• SQLite, python, unicode, and non-utf data

  - by Nathan Spears

  I started by trying to store strings in sqlite using python, and got the message: sqlite3.ProgrammingError: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to Unicode strings. Ok, I switched to Unicode strings. Then I started getting the message: sqlite3.OperationalError: Could not decode to UTF-8 column 'tag_artist' with text 'Sigur Rós' when trying to retrieve data from the db. More research and I started encoding it in utf8, but then 'Sigur Rós' starts looking like 'Sigur Rós' note: My console was set to display in 'latin_1' as @John Machin pointed out. What gives? After reading this, describing exactly the same situation I'm in, it seems as if the advice is to ignore the other advice and use 8-bit bytestrings after all. I didn't know much about unicode and utf before I started this process. I've learned quite a bit in the last couple hours, but I'm still ignorant of whether there is a way to correctly convert 'ó' from latin-1 to utf-8 and not mangle it. If there isn't, why would sqlite 'highly recommend' I switch my application to unicode strings? I'm going to update this question with a summary and some example code of everything I've learned in the last 24 hours so that someone in my shoes can have an easy(er) guide. If the information I post is wrong or misleading in any way please tell me and I'll update, or one of you senior guys can update. Summary of answers Let me first state the goal as I understand it. The goal in processing various encodings, if you are trying to convert between them, is to understand what your source encoding is, then convert it to unicode using that source encoding, then convert it to your desired encoding. Unicode is a base and encodings are mappings of subsets of that base. utf_8 has room for every character in unicode, but because they aren't in the same place as, for instance, latin_1, a string encoded in utf_8 and sent to a latin_1 console will not look the way you expect. In python the process of getting to unicode and into another encoding looks like: str.decode('source_encoding').encode('desired_encoding') or if the str is already in unicode str.encode('desired_encoding') For sqlite I didn't actually want to encode it again, I wanted to decode it and leave it in unicode format. Here are four things you might need to be aware of as you try to work with unicode and encodings in python. The encoding of the string you want to work with, and the encoding you want to get it to. The system encoding. The console encoding. The encoding of the source file Elaboration: (1) When you read a string from a source, it must have some encoding, like latin_1 or utf_8. In my case, I'm getting strings from filenames, so unfortunately, I could be getting any kind of encoding. Windows XP uses UCS-2 (a Unicode system) as its native string type, which seems like cheating to me. Fortunately for me, the characters in most filenames are not going to be made up of more than one source encoding type, and I think all of mine were either completely latin_1, completely utf_8, or just plain ascii (which is a subset of both of those). So I just read them and decoded them as if they were still in latin_1 or utf_8. It's possible, though, that you could have latin_1 and utf_8 and whatever other characters mixed together in a filename on Windows. Sometimes those characters can show up as boxes, other times they just look mangled, and other times they look correct (accented characters and whatnot). Moving on. (2) Python has a default system encoding that gets set when python starts and can't be changed during runtime. See here for details. Dirty summary ... well here's the file I added: \# sitecustomize.py \# this file can be anywhere in your Python path, \# but it usually goes in ${pythondir}/lib/site-packages/ import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf_8') This system encoding is the one that gets used when you use the unicode("str") function without any other encoding parameters. To say that another way, python tries to decode "str" to unicode based on the default system encoding. (3) If you're using IDLE or the command-line python, I think that your console will display according to the default system encoding. I am using pydev with eclipse for some reason, so I had to go into my project settings, edit the launch configuration properties of my test script, go to the Common tab, and change the console from latin-1 to utf-8 so that I could visually confirm what I was doing was working. (4) If you want to have some test strings, eg test_str = "ó" in your source code, then you will have to tell python what kind of encoding you are using in that file. (FYI: when I mistyped an encoding I had to ctrl-Z because my file became unreadable.) This is easily accomplished by putting a line like so at the top of your source code file: # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- If you don't have this information, python attempts to parse your code as ascii by default, and so: SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xf3' in file _redacted_ on line 81, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Once your program is working correctly, or, if you aren't using python's console or any other console to look at output, then you will probably really only care about #1 on the list. System default and console encoding are not that important unless you need to look at output and/or you are using the builtin unicode() function (without any encoding parameters) instead of the string.decode() function. I wrote a demo function I will paste into the bottom of this gigantic mess that I hope correctly demonstrates the items in my list. Here is some of the output when I run the character 'ó' through the demo function, showing how various methods react to the character as input. My system encoding and console output are both set to utf_8 for this run: '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Now I will change the system and console encoding to latin_1, and I get this output for the same input: 'ó' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' 'ó' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Notice that the 'original' character displays correctly and the builtin unicode() function works now. Now I change my console output back to utf_8. '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Here everything still works the same as last time but the console can't display the output correctly. Etc. The function below also displays more information that this and hopefully would help someone figure out where the gap in their understanding is. I know all this information is in other places and more thoroughly dealt with there, but I hope that this would be a good kickoff point for someone trying to get coding with python and/or sqlite. Ideas are great but sometimes source code can save you a day or two of trying to figure out what functions do what. Disclaimers: I'm no encoding expert, I put this together to help my own understanding. I kept building on it when I should have probably started passing functions as arguments to avoid so much redundant code, so if I can I'll make it more concise. Also, utf_8 and latin_1 are by no means the only encoding schemes, they are just the two I was playing around with because I think they handle everything I need. Add your own encoding schemes to the demo function and test your own input. One more thing: there are apparently crazy application developers making life difficult in Windows. #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- import os import sys def encodingDemo(str): validStrings = () try: print "str =",str,"{0} repr(str) = {1}".format(type(str), repr(str)) validStrings += ((str,""),) except UnicodeEncodeError as ude: print "Couldn't print the str itself because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print ude try: x = unicode(str) print "unicode(str) = ",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded into unicode by the default system encoding"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "ERROR. unicode(str) couldn't decode the string because the system encoding is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string." print "\tThe system encoding is set to {0}. See error:\n\t".format(sys.getdefaultencoding()), print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the unicode(str) because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('latin_1') print "str.decode('latin_1') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') =",str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode and encoded into utf_8"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "The string was decoded into unicode using the latin_1 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into utf_8. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "Something didn't work, probably because the string wasn't latin_1 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('latin_1') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('utf_8') print "str.decode('utf_8') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') =",str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') didn't work. The string was decoded into unicode using the utf_8 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into latin_1. See error:\n\t", validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode and encoded into latin_1"),) print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8') didn't work, probably because the string wasn't utf_8 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('utf_8') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t",uee print print "Printing information about each character in the original string." for char in str: try: print "\t'" + char + "' = original char {0} repr(char)={1}".format(type(char), repr(char)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), uee) print uee try: x = unicode(char) print "\t'" + x + "' = unicode(char) {1} repr(unicode(char))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('latin_1') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('latin_1') {1} repr(char.decode('latin_1'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('utf_8') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('utf_8') {1} repr(char.decode('utf_8'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) print x = 'ó' encodingDemo(x) Much thanks for the answers below and especially to @John Machin for answering so thoroughly.

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• Please verify my layout: bottom button keeps coming up over keyboard

  - by steff

  Hi everyone, I have a layout which does almost what I want. There's just one bug regarding the button at the bottom. I should stay at the bottom at all times. But whenever I bring up the soft-keyboard the button will be displayed above the keyboard. This is not what I want but it should become covered by the keyboard. Moreover, I'd be happy if you could comment on how the layout's built. Thanks, steff <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/l_layout_tags" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:text="TAGS:" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <AutoCompleteTextView android:id="@+id/actv_tags" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:imeOptions="actionDone" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btn_add_tag" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@android:drawable/ic_input_add" android:onClick="addTag"/> </LinearLayout> <ScrollView android:id="@+id/sv_scroll_contents" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/l_layout_tags" android:scrollbarFadeDuration="2000" > <TableLayout android:id="@+id/t_layout_contents" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:stretchColumns="1" android:paddingRight="5dip"> <TableRow android:id="@+id/tr_template"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_blank" android:src="@android:color/transparent" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/et_content1" android:gravity="top" android:maxWidth="200dp" android:imeOptions="actionDone" /> </TableRow> </TableLayout> </ScrollView> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/l_layout_media_btns" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_below="@id/sv_scroll_contents" > <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btn_camera" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@android:drawable/ic_menu_camera" android:onClick="takePicture" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btn_video" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@android:drawable/ic_menu_camera" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btn_audio" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@android:drawable/ic_btn_speak_now" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btn_sketch" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@android:drawable/ic_menu_edit" /> </LinearLayout> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/btn_save_note" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:src="@android:drawable/ic_menu_upload" /> </RelativeLayout>

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• Usage of IcmpSendEcho2 with an asynchronous callback

  - by Ben Voigt

  I've been reading the MSDN documentation for IcmpSendEcho2 and it raises more questions than it answers. I'm familiar with asynchronous callbacks from other Win32 APIs such as ReadFileEx... I provide a buffer which I guarantee will be reserved for the driver's use until the operation completes with any result other than IO_PENDING, I get my callback in case of either success or failure (and call GetCompletionStatus to find out which). Timeouts are my responsibility and I can call CancelIo to abort processing, but the buffer is still reserved until the driver cancels the operation and calls my completion routine with a status of CANCELLED. And there's an OVERLAPPED structure which uniquely identifies the request through all of this. IcmpSendEcho2 doesn't use an OVERLAPPED context structure for asynchronous requests. And the documentation is unclear excessively minimalist about what happens if the ping times out or fails (failure would be lack of a network connection, a missing ARP entry for local peers, ICMP destination unreachable response from an intervening router for remote peers, etc). Does anyone know whether the callback occurs on timeout and/or failure? And especially, if no response comes, can I reuse the buffer for another call to IcmpSendEcho2 or is it forever reserved in case a reply comes in late? I'm wanting to use this function from a Win32 service, which means I have to get the error-handling cases right and I can't just leak buffers (or if the API does leak buffers, I have to use a helper process so I have a way to abandon requests). There's also an ugly incompatibility in the way the callback is made. It looks like the first parameter is consistent between the two signatures, so I should be able to use the newer PIO_APC_ROUTINE as long as I only use the second parameter if an OS version check returns Vista or newer? Although MSDN says "don't do a Windows version check", it seems like I need to, because the set of versions with the new argument aren't the same as the set of versions where the function exists in iphlpapi.dll. Pointers to additional documentation or working code which uses this function and an APC would be much appreciated. Please also let me know if this is completely the wrong approach -- i.e. if either using raw sockets or some combination of IcmpCreateFile+WriteFileEx+ReadFileEx would be more robust.

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• Compare images after canny edge detection in OpenCV (C++)

  - by typoknig

  Hi all, I am working on an OpenCV project and I need to compare some images after canny has been applied to both of them. Before the canny was applied I had the gray scale images populating a histogram and then I compared the histograms, but when canny is added to the images the histogram does not populate. I have read that a canny image can populate a histogram, but have not found a way to make it happen. I do not necessairly need to keep using the histograms, I just want to know the best way to compare two canny images. SSCCE below for you to chew on. I have poached and patched about 75% of this code from books and various sites on the internet, so props to those guys... // SLC (Histogram).cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. #include "stdafx.h" #include <cxcore.h> #include <cv.h> #include <cvaux.h> #include <highgui.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; IplImage* image1= 0; IplImage* imgHistogram1 = 0; IplImage* gray1= 0; CvHistogram* hist1; int main(){ CvCapture* capture = cvCaptureFromCAM(0); if(!cvQueryFrame(capture)){ cout<<"Video capture failed, please check the camera."<<endl; } else{ cout<<"Video camera capture successful!"<<endl; }; CvSize sz = cvGetSize(cvQueryFrame(capture)); IplImage* image = cvCreateImage(sz, 8, 3); IplImage* imgHistogram = 0; IplImage* gray = 0; CvHistogram* hist; cvNamedWindow("Image Source",1); cvNamedWindow("gray", 1); cvNamedWindow("Histogram",1); cvNamedWindow("BG", 1); cvNamedWindow("FG", 1); cvNamedWindow("Canny",1); cvNamedWindow("Canny1", 1); image1 = cvLoadImage("image bin/use this image.jpg");// an image has to load here or the program will not run //size of the histogram -1D histogram int bins1 = 256; int hsize1[] = {bins1}; //max and min value of the histogram float max_value1 = 0, min_value1 = 0; //value and normalized value float value1; int normalized1; //ranges - grayscale 0 to 256 float xranges1[] = { 0, 256 }; float* ranges1[] = { xranges1 }; //create an 8 bit single channel image to hold a //grayscale version of the original picture gray1 = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(image1), 8, 1 ); cvCvtColor( image1, gray1, CV_BGR2GRAY ); IplImage* canny1 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(gray1), 8, 1 ); cvCanny( gray1, canny1, 55, 175, 3 ); //Create 3 windows to show the results cvNamedWindow("original1",1); cvNamedWindow("gray1",1); cvNamedWindow("histogram1",1); //planes to obtain the histogram, in this case just one IplImage* planes1[] = { canny1 }; //get the histogram and some info about it hist1 = cvCreateHist( 1, hsize1, CV_HIST_ARRAY, ranges1,1); cvCalcHist( planes1, hist1, 0, NULL); cvGetMinMaxHistValue( hist1, &min_value1, &max_value1); printf("min: %f, max: %f\n", min_value1, max_value1); //create an 8 bits single channel image to hold the histogram //paint it white imgHistogram1 = cvCreateImage(cvSize(bins1, 50),8,1); cvRectangle(imgHistogram1, cvPoint(0,0), cvPoint(256,50), CV_RGB(255,255,255),-1); //draw the histogram :P for(int i=0; i < bins1; i++){ value1 = cvQueryHistValue_1D( hist1, i); normalized1 = cvRound(value1*50/max_value1); cvLine(imgHistogram1,cvPoint(i,50), cvPoint(i,50-normalized1), CV_RGB(0,0,0)); } //show the image results cvShowImage( "original1", image1 ); cvShowImage( "gray1", gray1 ); cvShowImage( "histogram1", imgHistogram1 ); cvShowImage( "Canny1", canny1); CvBGStatModel* bg_model = cvCreateFGDStatModel( image ); for(;;){ image = cvQueryFrame(capture); cvUpdateBGStatModel( image, bg_model ); //Size of the histogram -1D histogram int bins = 256; int hsize[] = {bins}; //Max and min value of the histogram float max_value = 0, min_value = 0; //Value and normalized value float value; int normalized; //Ranges - grayscale 0 to 256 float xranges[] = {0, 256}; float* ranges[] = {xranges}; //Create an 8 bit single channel image to hold a grayscale version of the original picture gray = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(image), 8, 1); cvCvtColor(image, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY); IplImage* canny = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(gray), 8, 1 ); cvCanny( gray, canny, 55, 175, 3 );//55, 175, 3 with direct light //Planes to obtain the histogram, in this case just one IplImage* planes[] = {canny}; //Get the histogram and some info about it hist = cvCreateHist(1, hsize, CV_HIST_ARRAY, ranges,1); cvCalcHist(planes, hist, 0, NULL); cvGetMinMaxHistValue(hist, &min_value, &max_value); //printf("Minimum Histogram Value: %f, Maximum Histogram Value: %f\n", min_value, max_value); //Create an 8 bits single channel image to hold the histogram and paint it white imgHistogram = cvCreateImage(cvSize(bins, 50),8,3); cvRectangle(imgHistogram, cvPoint(0,0), cvPoint(256,50), CV_RGB(255,255,255),-1); //Draw the histogram for(int i=0; i < bins; i++){ value = cvQueryHistValue_1D(hist, i); normalized = cvRound(value*50/max_value); cvLine(imgHistogram,cvPoint(i,50), cvPoint(i,50-normalized), CV_RGB(0,0,0)); } double correlation = cvCompareHist (hist1, hist, CV_COMP_CORREL); double chisquare = cvCompareHist (hist1, hist, CV_COMP_CHISQR); double intersection = cvCompareHist (hist1, hist, CV_COMP_INTERSECT); double bhattacharyya = cvCompareHist (hist1, hist, CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYA); double difference = (1 - correlation) + chisquare + (1 - intersection) + bhattacharyya; printf("correlation: %f\n", correlation); printf("chi-square: %f\n", chisquare); printf("intersection: %f\n", intersection); printf("bhattacharyya: %f\n", bhattacharyya); printf("difference: %f\n", difference); cvShowImage("Image Source", image); cvShowImage("gray", gray); cvShowImage("Histogram", imgHistogram); cvShowImage( "Canny", canny); cvShowImage("BG", bg_model->background); cvShowImage("FG", bg_model->foreground); //Page 19 paragraph 3 of "Learning OpenCV" tells us why we DO NOT use "cvReleaseImage(&image)" in this section cvReleaseImage(&imgHistogram); cvReleaseImage(&gray); cvReleaseHist(&hist); cvReleaseImage(&canny); char c = cvWaitKey(10); //if ASCII key 27 (esc) is pressed then loop breaks if(c==27) break; } cvReleaseBGStatModel( &bg_model ); cvReleaseImage(&image); cvReleaseCapture(&capture); cvDestroyAllWindows(); }

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• Unable to set maxReceivedMessageSize through web.config

  - by Michael Mortensen

  Hello there, I have now investigated the 400 - BadRequest code for the last two hours. A lot of sugestions goes towards ensuring the bindingConfiguration attribute is set correctly, and in my case, it is. Now, I need YOUR help before destroying the building i am in :-) I run a WCF RestFull service (very lightweight, using this resource for inspiration: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd315413.aspx) which (for now) accepts an XmlElement (POX) provided through the POST verb. I am currently ONLY using Fiddler's request builder before implementing a true client (as this is mixed environments). When I do this for XML smaller than 65K, it works fine - larger, it throws this exception: The maximum message size quota for incoming messages (65536) has been exceeded. To increase the quota, use the MaxReceivedMessageSize property on the appropriate binding element. Here is my web.config file (which I even included the client-tag for (desperate times!)): <system.web> <httpRuntime maxRequestLength="1500000" executionTimeout="180"/> </system.web> <system.serviceModel> <diagnostics> <messageLogging logEntireMessage="true" logMalformedMessages="true" logMessagesAtServiceLevel="true" logMessagesAtTransportLevel="true" /> </diagnostics> <bindings> <webHttpBinding> <binding name="WebHttpBinding" maxReceivedMessageSize="1500000" maxBufferPoolSize="1500000" maxBufferSize="1500000" closeTimeout="00:03:00" openTimeout="00:03:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:03:00"> <readerQuotas maxStringContentLength="1500000" maxArrayLength="1500000" maxBytesPerRead="1500000" /> <security mode="None"/> </binding> </webHttpBinding> </bindings> <client> <endpoint address="" binding="webHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WebHttpBinding" contract="Commerce.ICatalogue"/> </client> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="ServiceBehavior" name="Catalogue"> <endpoint address="" behaviorConfiguration="RestFull" binding="webHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WebHttpBinding" contract="Commerce.ICatalogue" /> <!-- endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" / --> </service> </services> <behaviors> <endpointBehaviors> <behavior name="RestFull"> <webHttp/> </behavior> </endpointBehaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="ServiceBehavior"> <serviceDebug httpHelpPageEnabled="true" includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> </system.serviceModel> Thanks in advance for any help leading to succesfull call with 65K XML ;-)

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• WPF: Menu Items only bind command parameters once.

  - by Aran Mulholland

  Ive noticed this a couple of times when using menus with commands, they are not very dynamic, check this out. I am creating a menu from a collection of colours, I use it to colour a column in a datagrid. Anyway when i first bring up the menu (its a context menu) the command parameter binding happens and it binds to the column that the context menu was opened on. However the next time i bring it up it seems wpf caches the menu and it doesnt rebind the command parameter. so i can set the colour only on the initial column that the context menu appeared on. I have got around this situation in the past by making the menu totally dynamic and destroying the collection when the menu closed and forcing a rebuild the next time it opened, i dont like this hack. anyone got a better way? <MenuItem Header="Colour" ItemsSource="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type local:ResultEditorGrid}}, Path=ColumnColourCollection}" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource colourHeader}" > <MenuItem.Icon> <Image Source="{StaticResource ColumnShowIcon16}" /> </MenuItem.Icon> <MenuItem.ItemContainerStyle> <Style TargetType="MenuItem" BasedOn="{StaticResource systemMenuItemStyle}"> <!--Warning dont change the order of the following two setters otherwise the command parameter gets set after the command fires, not mush use eh?--> <Setter Property="CommandParameter"> <Setter.Value> <MultiBinding> <MultiBinding.Converter> <local:ColumnAndColourMultiConverter/> </MultiBinding.Converter> <Binding RelativeSource="{RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type DataGridColumnHeader}}" Path="Column"/> <Binding Path="."/> </MultiBinding> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="Command" Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type local:ResultEditorGrid}}, Path=ColourColumnCommand}" /> </Style> </MenuItem.ItemContainerStyle> </MenuItem>

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• Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSGenericException', reason: '*** Collection <CALayerArray: 0x66522e0> was mutated while being enumerated

  - by fahu

  some times my app crashed by showing * Collection was mutated while being enumerated . This is occurring in same line of code all the time.please help me on this issue. i stuck on this. the app is crashing at pushing view controller line of my code.but it is not frequent one. my error console Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSGenericException', reason: '* Collection CALayerArray: 0x1030c730 was mutated while being enumerated. "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" )' my code: - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { ServiceDetails *service=[[ServiceDetails alloc] initWithNibName:@"ServiceDetails" bundle:nil]; CompanyListingForm *list=[[CompanyListingForm alloc]initWithNibName:@"CompanyListingForm" bundle:nil]; [category_company_text resignFirstResponder]; if(viewHoldingTable) { [viewHoldingTable removeFromSuperview]; } if (category_clicked_flag==0) { if (location_or_cat_com==0) { NSMutableArray *get=[district_array objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; locationid=[[get objectAtIndex:0]intValue]; [location_textfield resignFirstResponder]; location_textfield.text=[get objectAtIndex:1]; } else { if (draggingView) { [draggingView removeFromSuperview]; } if (viewHoldingTable) { [viewHoldingTable removeFromSuperview]; } NSMutableArray *get=[company_array objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; category_company_text.text=[get objectAtIndex:1]; service.ida=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",[[get objectAtIndex:0] intValue]]; service.idloc=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",locationid]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:service animated:YES];//getting error at this point. //[emer release]; } } else { if (location_or_cat_com==0) { NSMutableArray *get=[district_array objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; locationid=[[get objectAtIndex:0]intValue]; [location_textfield resignFirstResponder]; location_textfield.text=[get objectAtIndex:1]; } else { NSMutableArray *get=[category_array objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; category_company_text.text=[get objectAtIndex:1]; int catid=[[get objectAtIndex:0]intValue]; list.IDForLoc=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",locationid]; list.IDForCat=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",catid]; list.companydetails=[get objectAtIndex:1]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:list animated:YES];//getting error at this point. } } [service release]; [list release]; }

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• Sunrise / set calculations

  - by dassouki

  I'm trying to calculate the sunset / rise times using python based on the link provided below. My results done through excel and python do not match the real values. Any ideas on what I could be doing wrong? My Excel sheet can be found under .. http://transpotools.com/sun_time.xls # Created on 2010-03-28 # @author: dassouki # @source: [http://williams.best.vwh.net/sunrise_sunset_algorithm.htm][2] # @summary: this is based on the Nautical Almanac Office, United States Naval # Observatory. import math, sys class TimeOfDay(object): def calculate_time(self, in_day, in_month, in_year, lat, long, is_rise, utc_time_zone): # is_rise is a bool when it's true it indicates rise, # and if it's false it indicates setting time #set Zenith zenith = 96 # offical = 90 degrees 50' # civil = 96 degrees # nautical = 102 degrees # astronomical = 108 degrees #1- calculate the day of year n1 = math.floor( 275 * in_month / 9 ) n2 = math.floor( ( in_month + 9 ) / 12 ) n3 = ( 1 + math.floor( in_year - 4 * math.floor( in_year / 4 ) + 2 ) / 3 ) new_day = n1 - ( n2 * n3 ) + in_day - 30 print "new_day ", new_day #2- calculate rising / setting time if is_rise: rise_or_set_time = new_day + ( ( 6 - ( long / 15 ) ) / 24 ) else: rise_or_set_time = new_day + ( ( 18 - ( long/ 15 ) ) / 24 ) print "rise / set", rise_or_set_time #3- calculate sun mean anamoly sun_mean_anomaly = ( 0.9856 * rise_or_set_time ) - 3.289 print "sun mean anomaly", sun_mean_anomaly #4 calculate true longitude true_long = ( sun_mean_anomaly + ( 1.916 * math.sin( math.radians( sun_mean_anomaly ) ) ) + ( 0.020 * math.sin( 2 * math.radians( sun_mean_anomaly ) ) ) + 282.634 ) print "true long ", true_long # make sure true_long is within 0, 360 if true_long < 0: true_long = true_long + 360 elif true_long > 360: true_long = true_long - 360 else: true_long print "true long (360 if) ", true_long #5 calculate s_r_a (sun_right_ascenstion) s_r_a = math.degrees( math.atan( 0.91764 * math.tan( math.radians( true_long ) ) ) ) print "s_r_a is ", s_r_a #make sure it's between 0 and 360 if s_r_a < 0: s_r_a = s_r_a + 360 elif true_long > 360: s_r_a = s_r_a - 360 else: s_r_a print "s_r_a (modified) is ", s_r_a # s_r_a has to be in the same Quadrant as true_long true_long_quad = ( math.floor( true_long / 90 ) ) * 90 s_r_a_quad = ( math.floor( s_r_a / 90 ) ) * 90 s_r_a = s_r_a + ( true_long_quad - s_r_a_quad ) print "s_r_a (quadrant) is ", s_r_a # convert s_r_a to hours s_r_a = s_r_a / 15 print "s_r_a (to hours) is ", s_r_a #6- calculate sun diclanation in terms of cos and sin sin_declanation = 0.39782 * math.sin( math.radians ( true_long ) ) cos_declanation = math.cos( math.asin( sin_declanation ) ) print " sin/cos declanations ", sin_declanation, ", ", cos_declanation # sun local hour cos_hour = ( math.cos( math.radians( zenith ) ) - ( sin_declanation * math.sin( math.radians ( lat ) ) ) / ( cos_declanation * math.cos( math.radians ( lat ) ) ) ) print "cos_hour ", cos_hour # extreme north / south if cos_hour > 1: print "Sun Never Rises at this location on this date, exiting" # sys.exit() elif cos_hour < -1: print "Sun Never Sets at this location on this date, exiting" # sys.exit() print "cos_hour (2)", cos_hour #7- sun/set local time calculations if is_rise: sun_local_hour = ( 360 - math.degrees(math.acos( cos_hour ) ) ) / 15 else: sun_local_hour = math.degrees( math.acos( cos_hour ) ) / 15 print "sun local hour ", sun_local_hour sun_event_time = sun_local_hour + s_r_a - ( 0.06571 * rise_or_set_time ) - 6.622 print "sun event time ", sun_event_time #final result time_in_utc = sun_event_time - ( long / 15 ) + utc_time_zone return time_in_utc #test through main def main(): print "Time of day App " # test: fredericton, NB # answer: 7:34 am long = 66.6 lat = -45.9 utc_time = -4 d = 3 m = 3 y = 2010 is_rise = True tod = TimeOfDay() print "TOD is ", tod.calculate_time(d, m, y, lat, long, is_rise, utc_time) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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• Dissertation about website and database security - in need of some pointers

  - by ClarkeyBoy

  Hi, I am on my dissertation in my final year at university at the moment. One of the areas I need to research is security - for both websites and for databases. I currently have sections on the following: Website Form security - such as data validation. This section is more about preventing errors made by legitimate users as much as possible rather than stopping hackers, for example comparing a field to a regular expression and giving them meaningful feedback on any errors which did occur so as to stop it happening again. Constraints. For example if a value must be true or false then use a checkbox. If it is likely to be one of several values then use a dropdown or a set of radio boxes, and so on. If the value is unpredictable then use regular expressions to limit what characters they are allowed to enter, and to restrict the length of the string, and sometimes to limit the format (such as for dates / times, post codes and so on). Sometimes you can limit permissions to the form. This is on the occasion that you know exactly who (whether it be peoples names or a group of people - such as administrators or employees) is going to need access to the form. Restricting permissions will stop members of the public from being able to access the form. Symbols or strings which could be used maliciously or cause the website to act incorrectly (such as the script tag) should be filtered out or html encoded. Captcha images can be used to prevent automated systems from filling in and submitting the form. There are some hacks for file uploads - such as using double extensions - which can allow hackers to upload malicious files. Databases (this is nowhere near done yet but the sections I have planned are listed below) SQL statements vs stored procedures Throwing an error when one of the variables contains particular characters or groups of characters (I cant remember what characters they are, but I have seen a message thrown back at me before where I have tried to enter html or something into a text area). SQL Injection - and ways around it, with some examples. Does anyone have any hints and tips on where I could go for some decent, reliable information either about these areas or about other areas of security that I could cover? Thanks in advance. Regards, Richard PS I am a complete newbie when it comes to security, so please be patient with me. If any of the information I have put down is wrong or could be sub-sectioned then please feel free to say so.

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• Subclassed django models with integrated querysets

  - by outofculture

  Like in this question, except I want to be able to have querysets that return a mixed body of objects: >>> Product.objects.all() [<SimpleProduct: ...>, <OtherProduct: ...>, <BlueProduct: ...>, ...] I figured out that I can't just set Product.Meta.abstract to true or otherwise just OR together querysets of differing objects. Fine, but these are all subclasses of a common class, so if I leave their superclass as non-abstract I should be happy, so long as I can get its manager to return objects of the proper class. The query code in django does its thing, and just makes calls to Product(). Sounds easy enough, except it blows up when I override Product.__new__, I'm guessing because of the __metaclass__ in Model... Here's non-django code that behaves pretty much how I want it: class Top(object): _counter = 0 def __init__(self, arg): Top._counter += 1 print "Top#__init__(%s) called %d times" % (arg, Top._counter) class A(Top): def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if cls is A and len(args) > 0: if args[0] is B.fav: return B(*args, **kwargs) elif args[0] is C.fav: return C(*args, **kwargs) else: print "PRETENDING TO BE ABSTRACT" return None # or raise? else: return super(A).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs) class B(A): fav = 1 class C(A): fav = 2 A(0) # => None A(1) # => <B object> A(2) # => <C object> But that fails if I inherit from django.db.models.Model instead of object: File "/home/martin/beehive/apps/hello_world/models.py", line 50, in <module> A(0) TypeError: unbound method __new__() must be called with A instance as first argument (got ModelBase instance instead) Which is a notably crappy backtrace; I can't step into the frame of my __new__ code in the debugger, either. I have variously tried super(A, cls), Top, super(A, A), and all of the above in combination with passing cls in as the first argument to __new__, all to no avail. Why is this kicking me so hard? Do I have to figure out django's metaclasses to be able to fix this or is there a better way to accomplish my ends?

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• Debugging Messaging Exception

  - by rizza

  We have a batch program that incorporates JavaMail 1.2 that sends emails. In our development environment, we haven't got the chance to encounter the above mentioned exception. But in the client's environment, they had experienced this a lot of times with the following error trace: javax.mail.MessagingException: 550 Requested action not taken: NUL characters are not allowed. at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.issueCommand (SMTPTransport.java: 879) at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.finishData (SMTPTransport.java: 820) at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendMessage (SMTPTransport.java: 322) ... I'm not sure if this is connected to my problem, http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4697158. But trying JavaMail 1.4.2, I see that the content transfer encoding of the email is still 7bit, so I'm not sure if using JavaMail 1.4.2 could solve the problem. Please take note that I could only do testing in our development environment that hasn't been able to replicate this. With the above exception, how would i know if this is from the sender or the receiver side? What debugging steps could you suggest? EDIT: Here is a DEBUG of the actual sending (masked some information): DEBUG: not loading system providers in &lt;java.home&gt;</a>/lib DEBUG: not loading optional custom providers file: /META-INF/javamail.providers DEBUG: successfully loaded default providers DEBUG: Tables of loaded providers DEBUG: Providers Listed By Class Name: {com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport=javax.mail.Provider[TRANSPORT,smtp,com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport,Sun Microsystems, Inc], com.sun.mail.imap.IMAPStore=javax.mail.Provider[STORE,imap,com.sun.mail.imap.IMAPStore,Sun Microsystems, Inc], com.sun.mail.pop3.POP3Store=javax.mail.Provider[STORE,pop3,com.sun.mail.pop3.POP3Store,Sun Microsystems, Inc]} DEBUG: Providers Listed By Protocol: {imap=javax.mail.Provider[STORE,imap,com.sun.mail.imap.IMAPStore,Sun Microsystems, Inc], pop3=javax.mail.Provider[STORE,pop3,com.sun.mail.pop3.POP3Store,Sun Microsystems, Inc], smtp=javax.mail.Provider[TRANSPORT,smtp,com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport,Sun Microsystems, Inc]} DEBUG: not loading optional address map file: /META-INF/javamail.address.map DEBUG: getProvider() returning javax.mail.Provider[TRANSPORT,smtp,com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport,Sun Microsystems, Inc] DEBUG SMTP: useEhlo true, useAuth false DEBUG: SMTPTransport trying to connect to host "nnn.nnn.n.nnn", port nn DEBUG SMTP RCVD: 220 xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx SMTP; Mon, 23 Mar 2009 15:18:57 +0800 DEBUG: SMTPTransport connected to host "nnn.nnn.n.nnn", port: nn DEBUG SMTP SENT: EHLO xxxxxxxxx DEBUG SMTP RCVD: 250 xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx Hello DEBUG SMTP: use8bit false DEBUG SMTP SENT: MAIL FROM:<a href="newmsg.cgi?mbx=Main&[email protected]">&lt;[email protected]&gt;</a> DEBUG SMTP RCVD: 250 <a href="newmsg.cgi?mbx=Main&[email protected]">&lt;[email protected]&gt;</a>... Sender ok DEBUG SMTP SENT: RCPT TO:&lt;[email protected]&gt; DEBUG SMTP RCVD: 250 &lt;[email protected]&gt;... Recipient ok Verified Addresses &nbsp;&nbsp;[email protected] DEBUG SMTP SENT: DATA DEBUG SMTP RCVD: 354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself DEBUG SMTP SENT: . DEBUG SMTP RCVD: 550 Requested action not taken: NUL characters are not allowed.

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• UML assignment question

  - by waitinforatrain

  Hi guys, Sorry, I know this is a very lame question to ask and not of any use to anyone else. I have an assignment in UML due tomorrow and I don't even know the basics (all-nighter ahead!). I'm not looking for a walkthrough, I simply want your opinion on something. The assignment is as follows (you only need to skim over it!): ============= Gourmet Surprise (GS) is a small catering firm with five employees. During a typical weekend, GS caters fifteen events with twenty to fifty people each. The business has grown rapidly over the past year and the owner wants to install a new computer system for managing the ordering and buying process. GS has a set of ten standard menus. When potential customers call, the receptionist describes the menus to them. If the customer decides to book an event (dinner, lunch, picnic, finger food etc.), the receptionist records the customer information (e.g., name, address, phone number, etc.) and the information about the event (e.g., place, date, time, which one of the standard menus, total price) on a contract. The customer is then faxed a copy of the contract and must sign and return it along with a deposit (often a credit card or by check) before the event is officially booked. The remaining money is collected when the catering is delivered. Sometimes, the customer wants something special (e.g., birthday cake). In this case, the receptionist takes the information and gives it to the owner who determines the cost; the receptionist then calls the customer back with the price information. Sometimes the customer accepts the price, other times, the customer requests some changes that have to go back to the owner for a new cost estimate. Each week, the owner looks through the events scheduled for that weekend and orders the supplies (e.g., plates) and food (e.g., bread, chicken) needed to make them. The owner would like to use the system for marketing as well. It should be able to track how customers learned about GS, and identify repeat customers, so that GS can mail special offers to them. The owner also wants to track the events on which GS sent a contract, but the customer never signed the contract and actually booked a GS. Exercise: Create an activity diagram and a use case model (complete with a set of detail use case descriptions) for the above system. Produce an initial domain model (class diagram) based on these descriptions. Elaborate the use cases into sequence diagrams, and include any state diagrams necessary. Finally use the information from these dynamic models to expand the domain model into a full application model. ============= In your opinion, do you think this question is asking me to come up with a package for an online ordering system to replace the system described above, or to create UML diagrams that facilitate the existing telephone-based system?

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• ASP Classic Session Variable Not Always Getting Set

  - by Mike at KBS

  I have a classic ASP site I'm maintaining and recently we wanted to do special rendering actions if the visitor was coming from one specific set of websites. So in the page where those visitors have to come through to get to our site, I put a simple line setting a session variable: <!-- #include virtual="/clsdbAccess.cs"--> <% set db = new dbAccess %> <html> <head> ... <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> ... </script> </head> <body> <% Session("CAME_FROM_NEWSPAPER") = "your local newspaper" ... %> ... html stuff ... </body> </html> Then, in all the following pages, whenever I need to put up nav links, menus, etc., that we don't want to show to those visitors, I test for if that session variable is "" or not, then render accordingly. My problem is that it seems to work great for me in development, then I get it out into Production and it works great sometimes, and other times it doesn't work at all. Sometimes the session variable gets set, sometimes it doesn't. Everything else works great. But our client is seeing inconsistent results on pages rendered to their visitors and this is a problem. I've tried logging on from different PC's and I confirm that I get different, and unpredictable, results. The problem is I can't reproduce it at will, and I can't troubleshoot/trace Production. For now I've solved this by just creating duplicate pages with the special rendering, and making sure those visitors go there. But this is a hack and will eventually be difficult to maintain. Is there something special or inconsistent about session variables in Classic ASP? Is there a better way to approach the problem? TIA.

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• Why is drawing to OnPaint graphics faster than image graphics?

  - by Tesserex

  I'm looking for a way to speed up the drawing of my game engine, which is currently the significant bottleneck, and is causing slowdowns. I'm on the verge of converting it over to XNA, but I just noticed something. Say I have a small image that I've loaded. Image img = Image.FromFile("mypict.png"); We have a picturebox on the screen we want to draw on. So we have a handler. pictureBox1.Paint += new PaintEventHandler(pictureBox1_Paint); I want our loaded image to be tiled on the picturebox (this is for a game, after all). Why on earth is this code: void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { for (int y = 0; y < 16; y++) for (int x = 0; x < 16; x++) e.Graphics.DrawImage(image, x * 16, y * 16, 16, 16); } over 25 TIMES FASTER than this code: Image buff = new Bitmap(256, 256, PixelFormat.Format32bppPArgb); // actually a form member void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e) { using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(buff)) { for (int y = 0; y < 16; y++) for (int x = 0; x < 16; x++) g.DrawImage(image, x * 16, y * 16, 16, 16); } e.Graphics.DrawImage(buff, 0, 0, 256, 256); } To eliminate the obvious, I've tried commenting out the last e.Graphics.DrawImage (which means I don't see anything, but it gets rid a call that isn't in the first example). I've also left in the using block (needlessly) in the first example, but it's still just as blazingly fast. I've set properties of g to match e.Graphics - things like InterpolationMode, CompositingQuality, etc, but nothing I do bridges this incredible gap in performance. I can't find any difference between the two Graphics objects. What gives? My test with a System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch says that the first code snippet runs at about 7100 fps, while the second runs at a measly 280 fps. My reference image is VS2010ImageLibrary\Objects\png_format\WinVista\SecurityLock.png, which is 48x48 px, and which I modified to be 72 dpi instead of 96, but those made no difference either.

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• Problems connecting to WCF Service via NetNamedPipeBinding

  - by John

  I'm having trouble figuring out how to get a named pipe WCF service to work. The service is in a seperate assembly from the executable. The config looks like this: <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <netNamedPipeBinding> <binding name="NoSecurityIPC"> <security mode="None" /> </binding> </netNamedPipeBinding> </bindings> <client> <endpoint name="internal" address="channel1" binding="netNamedPipeBinding" bindingConfiguration="NoSecurityIPC" contract="conplement.TimeService.ICpTimeService" /> </client> <services> <service name="cpTimeService"> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="net.pipe://localhost/" /> </baseAddresses> </host> <endpoint address="channel1" binding="netNamedPipeBinding" bindingConfiguration="NoSecurityIPC" contract="conplement.TimeService.ICpTimeService" /> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> I'm using a ChannelFactory to create a proxy to access the service host: ServiceHost h = new ServiceHost(typeof(TimeService), new Uri("net.pipe://localhost/")); h.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ITimeService), new NetNamedPipeBinding("NoSecurityIPC"), "net.pipe://localhost/"); h.Open(); ChannelFactory<ITimeService> factory = new ChannelFactory<ITimeService>("channel1", new EndpointAddress(new Uri("net.pipe://localhost/"))); ICpTimeService proxy = factory.CreateChannel(); using (proxy as IDisposable) { this.ds = proxy.LoadData(); } I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong when I create the ChannelFactory. It can't seem to find the "channel1" in the config. When I create my binding manually and pass it to the ChannelFactory constructor, the factory and the proxy are created but the call to the LoadData() fails (times out). Can anyone see what I'm doing wrong here?

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• JPQL: unknown state or association field (EclipseLink)

  - by Kawu

  I have an Employee entity which inherits from Person and OrganizationalUnit: OrganizationalUnit: @MappedSuperclass public abstract class OrganizationalUnit implements Serializable { @Id private Long id; @Basic( optional = false ) private String name; public Long getId() { return this.id; } public void setId( Long id ) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public void setName( String name ) { this.name = name; } // ... } Person: @MappedSuperclass public abstract class Person extends OrganizationalUnit { private String lastName; private String firstName; public String getLastName() { return this.lastName; } public void setLastName( String lastName ) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getFirstName() { return this.firstName; } public void setFirstName( String firstName ) { this.firstName = firstName; } /** * Returns names of the form "John Doe". */ @Override public String getName() { return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName; } @Override public void setName( String name ) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException( "Name cannot be set explicitly!" ); } /** * Returns names of the form "Doe, John". */ public String getFormalName() { return this.lastName + ", " + this.firstName; } // ... } Employee entity: @Entity @Table( name = "EMPLOYEES" ) @AttributeOverrides ( { @AttributeOverride( name = "id", column = @Column( name = "EMPLOYEE_ID" ) ), @AttributeOverride( name = "name", column = @Column( name = "LASTNAME", insertable = false, updatable = false ) ), @AttributeOverride( name = "firstName", column = @Column( name = "FIRSTNAME" ) ), @AttributeOverride( name = "lastName", column = @Column( name = "LASTNAME" ) ), } ) @NamedQueries ( { @NamedQuery( name = "Employee.FIND_BY_FORMAL_NAME", query = "SELECT emp " + "FROM Employee emp " + "WHERE emp.formalName = :formalName" ) } ) public class Employee extends Person { @Column( name = "EMPLOYEE_NO" ) private String nbr; // lots of other stuff... } I then attempted to find an employee by its formal name, e.g. "Doe, John" using the query above: SELECT emp FROM Employee emp WHERE emp.formalName = :formalName However, this gives me an exception on deploying to EclipseLink: Exception while preparing the app : Exception [EclipseLink-8030] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.3.2.v20111125-r10461): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.JPQLException Exception Description: Error compiling the query [Employee.FIND_BY_CLIENT_AND_FORMAL_NAME: SELECT emp FROM Employee emp JOIN FETCH emp.client JOIN FETCH emp.unit WHERE emp.client.id = :clientId AND emp.formalName = :formalName], line 1, column 115: unknown state or association field [formalName] of class [de.bnext.core.common.entity.Employee]. Local Exception Stack: Exception [EclipseLink-8030] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.3.2.v20111125-r10461): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.JPQLException Exception Description: Error compiling the query [Employee.FIND_BY_CLIENT_AND_FORMAL_NAME: SELECT emp FROM Employee emp JOIN FETCH emp.client JOIN FETCH emp.unit WHERE emp.client.id = :clientId AND emp.formalName = :formalName], line 1, column 115: unknown state or association field [formalName] of class [de.bnext.core.common.entity.Employee]. Qs: What's wrong? Is it prohibited to use "artificial" properties in JPQL, here the WHERE clause? What are the premises here? I checked the capitalization and spelling many times, I'm out of luck.

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• PostgreSQL to Data-Warehouse: Best approach for near-real-time ETL / extraction of data

  - by belvoir

  Background: I have a PostgreSQL (v8.3) database that is heavily optimized for OLTP. I need to extract data from it on a semi real-time basis (some-one is bound to ask what semi real-time means and the answer is as frequently as I reasonably can but I will be pragmatic, as a benchmark lets say we are hoping for every 15min) and feed it into a data-warehouse. How much data? At peak times we are talking approx 80-100k rows per min hitting the OLTP side, off-peak this will drop significantly to 15-20k. The most frequently updated rows are ~64 bytes each but there are various tables etc so the data is quite diverse and can range up to 4000 bytes per row. The OLTP is active 24x5.5. Best Solution? From what I can piece together the most practical solution is as follows: Create a TRIGGER to write all DML activity to a rotating CSV log file Perform whatever transformations are required Use the native DW data pump tool to efficiently pump the transformed CSV into the DW Why this approach? TRIGGERS allow selective tables to be targeted rather than being system wide + output is configurable (i.e. into a CSV) and are relatively easy to write and deploy. SLONY uses similar approach and overhead is acceptable CSV easy and fast to transform Easy to pump CSV into the DW Alternatives considered .... Using native logging (http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/runtime-config-logging.html). Problem with this is it looked very verbose relative to what I needed and was a little trickier to parse and transform. However it could be faster as I presume there is less overhead compared to a TRIGGER. Certainly it would make the admin easier as it is system wide but again, I don't need some of the tables (some are used for persistent storage of JMS messages which I do not want to log) Querying the data directly via an ETL tool such as Talend and pumping it into the DW ... problem is the OLTP schema would need tweaked to support this and that has many negative side-effects Using a tweaked/hacked SLONY - SLONY does a good job of logging and migrating changes to a slave so the conceptual framework is there but the proposed solution just seems easier and cleaner Using the WAL Has anyone done this before? Want to share your thoughts?

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• Managing database connections in an Android Activity

  - by Daniel Lew

  I have an application with a ListActivity that uses a CursorAdapter as its adapter. The ListActivity opens the database and does the querying for the CursorAdapter, which is all well and good, but I am having issues with figuring out when to close both the Cursor and the SQLiteDatabase. The way things are handled right now, if the user finishes the activity, I close the database and the cursor. However, this still ends up with the DalvikVM warning me that I've left a database open - for example, if the user hits the "home" button (leaving the activity in the task's stack), rather than the "back" button. If I close them during pause and then re-query during resume, then I don't get any errors, but then a user cannot return to the list without it requerying (and thus losing the user's place in the list). By this I mean, the user can click on any item in the list and open a new activity based on it, but will often want to hit "back" afterwards and return to the same place on the list. If I requery, then I cannot return the user back to the correct spot. What is the proper way to handle this issue? I want the list to remain scrolled properly, but I don't want the VM to keep complaining about unclosed databases. Edit: Here's a general outline of how I handle the code at the moment: public class MyListActivity extends ListActivity { private Cursor mCursor; private CursorAdapter mAdapter; protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter = new MyCursorAdapter(this); setListAdapter(mAdapter); } protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); if (isFinishing()) { mCursor.close(); } } protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); mCursor.close(); } private void updateQuery() { // If we had a cursor open before, close it. if (mCursor != null) { mCursor.close(); } MyDbHelper dbHelper = new MyDbHelper(this); SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase(); mCursor = db.query(...); mAdapter.changeCursor(mCursor); db.close(); } } updateQuery() can be called multiple times because the user can filter the results via menu items (I left this part out of the code, as the problem still occurs even if the user does no filtering). Again, the issue is that when I hit home I get leak errors. Yet, after going home, I can go back to the app and find my list again - cursor fully intact.

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• Bugs in Excel's ActiveX combo boxes?

  - by k.robinson

  I have noticed that I get all sorts of annoying errors when: I have ActiveX comboboxes on a worksheet (not an excel form) The comboboxes have event code linked to them (eg, onchange events) I use their listfillrange or linkedcell properties (clearing these properties seems to alleviate a lot of problems) (Not sure if this is connected) but there is data validation on the targeted linkedcell. I program a fairly complex excel application that does a ton of event handling and uses a lot of controls. Over the months, I have been trying to deal with a variety of bugs dealing with those combo boxes. I can't recall all the details of each instance now, but these bugs tend to involve pointing the listfillrange and linkedcell properties at named ranges, and often have to do with the combo box events triggering at inappropriate times (such as when application.enableevents = false). These problems seemed to grow bigger in Excel 2007, so that I had to give up on these combo boxes entirely (I now use combo boxes contained in user forms, rather than directly on the sheets). Has anyone else seen similar problems? If so, was there a graceful solution? I have looked around with Google and so far haven't spotted anyone with similar issues. Some of the symptoms I end up seeing are: Excel crashing when I start up (involves combobox_onchange, listfillrange-named range on another different sheet, and workbook_open interactions). (note, I also had some data validation on the the linked cells in case a user edited them directly.) Excel rendering bugs (usually when the combo box changes, some cells from another sheet get randomly drawn over the top of the current sheet) Sometimes it involves the screen flashing entirely to another sheet for a moment. Excel losing its mind (or rather, the call stack) (related to the first bullet point). Sometimes when a function modifies a property of the comboboxes, the combobox onchange event fires, but it never returns control to the function that caused the change in the first place. The combobox_onchange events are triggered even when application.enableevents = false. Events firing when they shouldn't (I posted another question on stack overflow related to this). At this point, I am fairly convinced that ActiveX comboboxes are evil incarnate and not worth the trouble. I have switched to including these comboboxes inside a userform module instead. I would rather inconvenience users with popup forms than random visual artifacts and crashing (with data loss).

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• 2d trajectory planning of a spaceship with physics.

  - by egarcia

  I'm implementing a 2D game with ships in space. In order to do it, I'm using LÖVE, which wraps Box2D with Lua. But I believe that my question can be answered by anyone with a greater understanding of physics than myself - so pseudo code is accepted as a response. My problem is that I don't know how to move my spaceships properly on a 2D physics-enabled world. More concretely: A ship of mass m is located at an initial position {x, y}. It has an initial velocity vector of {vx, vy} (can be {0,0}). The objective is a point in {xo,yo}. The ship has to reach the objective having a velocity of {vxo, vyo} (or near it), following the shortest trajectory. There's a function called update(dt) that is called frequently (i.e. 30 times per second). On this function, the ship can modify its position and trajectory, by applying "impulses" to itself. The magnitude of the impulses is binary: you can either apply it in a given direction, or not to apply it at all). In code, it looks like this: def Ship:update(dt) m = self:getMass() x,y = self:getPosition() vx,vy = self.getLinearVelocity() xo,yo = self:getTargetPosition() vxo,vyo = self:getTargetVelocity() thrust = self:getThrust() if(???) angle = ??? self:applyImpulse(math.sin(angle)*thrust, math.cos(angle)*thrust)) end end The first ??? is there to indicate that in some occasions (I guess) it would be better to "not to impulse" and leave the ship "drift". The second ??? part consists on how to calculate the impulse angle on a given dt. We are in space, so we can ignore things like air friction. Although it would be very nice, I'm not looking for someone to code this for me; I put the code there so my problem is clearly understood. What I need is an strategy - a way of attacking this. I know some basic physics, but I'm no expert. For example, does this problem have a name? That sort of thing. Thanks a lot.

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• ContentType DocumentTemplate not found in a List

  - by Rich Bennema

  I have the following Feature: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Feature Id="9A3C5D02-A2EB-4725-97F7-CDA6DE319F1B" Title="My Custom Types" Scope="Site" DefaultResourceFile="core" Hidden="TRUE" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/"> <ElementManifests> <ElementManifest Location="Elements.xml" /> <ElementFile Location="templates/MeetingMinutes.docx" /> </ElementManifests> </Feature> Which contains the following Elements.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Elements xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/"> <Module Name="Templates" Url="_cts/Meeting Minutes" Path="templates" RootWebOnly="TRUE"> <File Url="MeetingMinutes.docx" Type="Ghostable" /> </Module> <ContentType ID="0x01010066DD088A6B8B46BCA775CCD119FBB3E8" Name="Meeting Minutes" Group="Custom Content Types" Version="0"> <FieldRefs /> <DocumentTemplate TargetName="MeetingMinutes.docx"/> </ContentType> </Elements> I then use this ContentType within a custom List Template. I deploy the solution, activate the feature, and create an instance of the List Template. I go into the library and select Settings Document Library Settings Content Types: Meeting Minutes Parent: Meeting Minutes Advanced settings. I'm now in the Advance Settings of the Site Content Type. The URL of the existing document template is MeetingMinutes.docx and there is an (Edit Template) link which points to http://myserver/sites/testsite/_cts/Meeting%20Minutes/MeetingMinutes.docx. Everything's shiny. But, I hit the back button two times so I'm back in the settings of the List Content Type. This time when I click Advance settings, the URL of the existing document template is still MeetingMinutes.docx, but there is no (Edit Template) link. Troubling. Pressing on, I go back to AllItems.aspx and click New Meeting Minutes. As Word is loading, I see a little Opening dialog which says, Opening: http://myserver/sites/testsite/Shared%20Documents/Forms/Document/MeetingMinutes.docx, to which Word responds: "Word was unable to read this document. It may be corrupt." So the Document Template works correctly in the Site Content Type (where it does me no good), but is not working in the List Content Type (where I really need it). Now, I know I could put this in _layouts, but from what I've read, _cts is the way to do it. What am I doing wrong?

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• Best Practice for Images with Codeigniter : Generating Thumbs or Resizing on the Fly

  - by Steve K

  Hi all, I know there’s been a good deal written on thumbnail generation and the like with CI, but I wanted to explain what I’ve made and see what kind of best-practice advice I could find. Here’s my story… Currently, I have a site which allows users to upload collections of photos to projects they’ve created after first creating an account. Upon account creation, the site generates folders for the users in the following fashion for each of five pre-defined projects: /students/username/project_num/images/thumbs/ (This is to say that within a pre-created students folder, the username, project_num, images and thumbs folders are created recursively five times.) When a user uploads images to a project, I have a gallery controller which uploads the full images into the images folder for the project_num, and then creates a smaller thumbnail which maintains its ratio. So far so good. On the index page of the site, where these thumbnails and full images are displayed, I had a bit of a brain lapse, thinking I could simply output the full image while resizing it via css for a ‘medium-size’ image which would lead to the full-size image when clicked. (To be clear, the path is: Click on thumbnail— Load scaled full-size (medium-size) image via ajax into a display area above thumbs— Click on medium-sized image— Load full size image via lightbox, or something of that nature.) I have everything working to this point, except, as one might imagine, resizing the full-sized images with css doesn’t maintain aspect ratio for the thumbs, which means I need to find the best way to resize these. In thinking about it, I figured I had two options: I could resize the image on the fly when the user clicks a thumbnail to load the medium-sized image via ajax. (I have a method ‘get_image($url)’ in my gallery controller which simply loads a view with an image tag and the image source passed to it, etc.) I thought perhaps I could send it first to my gallery model, resize it there on the fly, and send it on to the view. The problem I’m having is that resizing it on the fly and echoing it out gives me the raw image data (I apologize, I don’t know that’s the right term). I’ve tried using data_uris to format the raw data into something echoable, but with no success. Is this method possible? The second option I considered was to generate a second medium-sized thumbnail when the user uploads the image with maintain_ratio set to true. This method is slightly less ideal, given that when providing a way for the user to delete their projects, I’ll need to scan for an additional set of images to delete. Not a huge deal, definitely, but something I figured could be avoided by generating the medium-sized image on the fly. I hope I’ve been clear in my explanations, if long-winded! I’m very curious to see what suggestions folks have about the best way to handle this. Much thanks for reading, and any suggestions are much-appreciated! Steve K.

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• Asyncronus javascript rendering widgets

  - by Joe J

  Hey all, I'm creating a javascript widget so third partys (web designers) can post a link on their website and it will render the widget on their site. Currently, I'm doing this with just a script link tag: <div class="some_random_div_in_html_body"> <script type='text/javascript' src='http://remotehost.com/link/to/widget.js'></script> </div> However, this has the side-effect of slowing down a thrid party's website render times of the page if my site is under a load. Therefore, I'd like the third party website to request the widget link from my site asyncronously and then render it on their site when the widget link loads completely. The Google Analytics javascript snippet seems to have a nice bit of asyncronous code that does a nice async request to model off of, but I'm wondering if I can modify it so that it will render content on the third party's site. Using the example below, I want the content of http://mysite.com/link/to/widget.js to render something in the "message" id field. <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Third Party Site</TITLE><STYLE>#message { background-color: #eee; } </STYLE></HEAD> <BODY> <div id="message">asdf</div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = 'http://mysite.com/link/to/widget.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </BODY> </HTML> I don't know if what I'm trying to do constitutes Cross Site Scripting (still a bit vague on that concept) but am wondering if what I'm trying to do is possible. Or if anyone has any other approaches to creating javascript widgets effectively, I'd appreciate any advice. Thanks for reading this. Joe

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