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• You Probably Already Have a “Private Cloud”

  - by BuckWoody

  I’ve mentioned before that I’m not a fan of the word “Cloud”. It’s too marketing-oriented, gimmicky and non-specific. A better definition (in many cases) is “Distributed Computing”. That means that some or all of the computing functions are handled somewhere other than under your specific control. But there is a current use of the word “Cloud” that does not necessarily mean that the computing is done somewhere else. In fact, it’s a vector of Cloud Computing that can better be termed “Utility Computing”. This has to do with the provisioning of a computing resource. That means the setup, configuration, management, balancing and so on that is needed so that a user – which might actually be a developer – can do some computing work. To that person, the resource is just “there” and works like they expect, like the phone system or any other utility. The interesting thing is, you can do this yourself. In fact, you probably already have been, or are now. It’s got a cool new trendy term – “Private Cloud”, but the fact is, if you have your setup automated, the HA and DR handled, balancing and performance tuning done, and a process wrapped around it all, you can call yourself a “Cloud Provider”. A good example here is your E-Mail system. your users – pretty much your whole company – just logs into e-mail and expects it to work. To them, you are the “Cloud” provider. On your side, the more you automate and provision the system, the more you act like a Cloud Provider. Another example is a database server. In this case, the “end user” is usually the development team, or perhaps your SharePoint group and so on. The data professionals configure, monitor, tune and balance the system all the time. The more this is automated, the more you’re acting like a Cloud Provider. Lots of companies help you do this in your own data centers, from VMWare to IBM and many others. Microsoft's offering in this is based around System Center – they have a “cloud in a box” provisioning system that’s actually pretty slick. The most difficult part of operating a Private Cloud is probably the scale factor. In the case of Windows and SQL Azure, we handle this in multiple ways – and we're happy to share how we do it. It’s not magic, and the algorithms for balancing (like the one we started with called Paxos) are well known. The key is the knowledge, infrastructure and people. Sure, you can do this yourself, and in many cases such as top-secret or private systems, you probably should. But there are times where you should evaluate using Azure or other vendors, or even multiple vendors to spread your risk. All of this should be based on client need, not on what you know how to do already. So congrats on your new role as a “Cloud Provider”. If you have an E-mail system or a database platform, you can just put that right on your resume.

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• Lead, Follow, or Get out of the way

  - by Daniel Moth

  This is one of the sayings (attributed to Thomas Paine) that totally resonated with me from the first time I heard it, which was only 3 years ago during some training course at work: "Lead, Follow, or Get out of the way" You'll find many books with this title and you'll find it quoted by politicians and other leaders in various countries at various times... the quote is open to interpretation and works on many levels. To set the tone of what this means to me, I'll use a simple micro example: In any given conversation, you are either leading it or following it, at different times/snapshots of the conversation. If you are not willing or able to lead it, and you are not willing or able to follow it, then you should depart. The bad alternative which this guidance encourages you NOT to do is to stick around and obstruct progress by not following, not leading, and simply complaining or trying to derail the discussion in no particular direction. The same pattern applies at your position/role at work. Either follow your management/leadership team, or try to lead them to what you think is a better place, or change jobs. Don't stick around complaining about the direction things are going, while not actively trying to either change things or make peace with it. In the previous paragraph you can replace the word "your management" with "the people reporting to you" and the guidance still holds. Either lead your direct reports to where you think they should go, or follow their lead, or change jobs. Complaining about folks not taking direction while doing nothing is not a maintainable state. To me this quote is not about a permanent state, it is not about some people always leading and some always following: It is about a role/hat that anybody can play/wear at any given moment. One minute I am leading you, the next I am following you, and the next we are both following someone else and so on... When there is disagreement, debate the different directions for as long as it takes for you to be comfortable that you can either follow or lead. If you don't become comfortable with either of those, get out of the way. Something to remember is that it is impossible to learn how to lead well, without learning how to follow well (probably deserves its own blog entry)... Things go wrong when someone thinks that they must always be leading, or when everybody wants to follow and nobody steps up to lead... Things go wrong when more than one person wants to lead and they don't try to reach agreement on a shared direction, stubbornly sticking to their guns pulling the rest of the team in multiple directions... Things go wrong when more than one person wants to lead and after numerous and lengthy discussions, none of them decides to follow or get out of the way... Things go wrong when people don't want to lead, don't want to follow, and insist on sticking around... While there are a few ways things that can go wrong as enumerated in the previous paragraph, the most common one in my experience is the last one I mentioned. You'll recognize these folks as the ones that always complain about everything that is wrong with their company/product but do nothing about it. Every time you hear someone giving feedback on how something is wrong or suboptimal, ask them "So now that you identified the problem, what do you think the solution is and what are you doing to drive us to that solution?" The next time things start going wrong, step up and remind everyone: Lead, Follow, or Get out of the way. For more perspectives, and for input to help you form your own interpretation, search the web for this phrase to see in what contexts it is being used (bing, google). Finally, regardless of your political views, I hope you can appreciate if only as an example this perspective of someone leading by actually getting out of the way. Comments about this post by Daniel Moth welcome at the original blog.

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• Good DBAs Do Baselines

  - by Louis Davidson

  One morning, you wake up and feel funny. You can’t quite put your finger on it, but something isn’t quite right. What now? Unless you happen to be a hypochondriac, you likely drag yourself out of bed, get on with the day and gather more “evidence”. You check your symptoms over the next few days; do you feel the same, better, worse? If better, then great, it was some temporal issue, perhaps caused by an allergic reaction to some suspiciously spicy chicken. If the same or worse then you go to the doctor for some health advice, but armed with some data to share, and having ruled out certain possible causes that are fixed with a bit of rest and perhaps an antacid. Whether you realize it or not, in comparing how you feel one day to the next, you have taken baseline measurements. In much the same way, a DBA uses baselines to gauge the gauge health of their database servers. Of course, while SQL Server is very willing to share data regarding its health and activities, it has almost no idea of the difference between good and bad. Over time, experienced DBAs develop “mental” baselines with which they can gauge the health of their servers almost as easily as their own body. They accumulate knowledge of the daily, natural state of each part of their database system, and so know instinctively when one of their databases “feels funny”. Equally, they know when an “issue” is just a passing tremor. They see their SQL Server with all of its four CPU cores running close 100% and don’t panic anymore. Why? It’s 5PM and every day the same thing occurs when the end-of-day reports, which are very CPU intensive, are running. Equally, they know when they need to respond in earnest when it is the first time they have heard about an issue, even if it has been happening every day. Nevertheless, no DBA can retain mental baselines for every characteristic of their systems, so we need to collect physical baselines too. In my experience, surprisingly few DBAs do this very well. Part of the problem is that SQL Server provides a lot of instrumentation. If you look, you will find an almost overwhelming amount of data regarding user activity on your SQL Server instances, and use and abuse of the available CPU, I/O and memory. It seems like a huge task even to work out which data you need to collect, let alone start collecting it on a regular basis, managing its storage over time, and performing detailed comparative analysis. However, without baselines, though, it is very difficult to pinpoint what ails a server, just by looking at a single snapshot of the data, or to spot retrospectively what caused the problem by examining aggregated data for the server, collected over many months. It isn’t as hard as you think to get started. You’ve probably already established some troubleshooting queries of the type SELECT Value FROM SomeSystemTableOrView. Capturing a set of baseline values for such a query can be as easy as changing it as follows: INSERT into BaseLine.SomeSystemTable (value, captureTime) SELECT Value, SYSDATETIME() FROM SomeSystemTableOrView; Of course, there are monitoring tools that will collect and manage this baseline data for you, automatically, and allow you to perform comparison of metrics over different periods. However, to get yourself started and to prove to yourself (or perhaps the person who writes the checks for tools) the value of baselines, stick something similar to the above query into an agent job, running every hour or so, and you are on your way with no excuses! Then, the next time you investigate a slow server, and see x open transactions, y users logged in, and z rows added per hour in the Orders table, compare to your baselines and see immediately what, if anything, has changed!

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• Broken Views

  - by Ajarn Mark Caldwell

  “SELECT *” isn’t just hazardous to performance, it can actually return blatantly wrong information. There are a number of blog posts and articles out there that actively discourage the use of the SELECT * FROM …syntax.  The two most common explanations that I have seen are: Performance:  The SELECT * syntax will return every column in the table, but frequently you really only need a few of the columns, and so by using SELECT * your are retrieving large volumes of data that you don’t need, but the system has to process, marshal across tiers, and so on.  It would be much more efficient to only select the specific columns that you need. Future-proof:  If you are taking other shortcuts in your code, along with using SELECT *, you are setting yourself up for trouble down the road when enhancements are made to the system.  For example, if you use SELECT * to return results from a table into a DataTable in .NET, and then reference columns positionally (e.g. myDataRow[5]) you could end up with bad data if someone happens to add a column into position 3 and skewing all the remaining columns’ ordinal position.  Or if you use INSERT…SELECT * then you will likely run into errors when a new column is added to the source table in any position. And if you use SELECT * in the definition of a view, you will run into a variation of the future-proof problem mentioned above.  One of the guys on my team, Mike Byther, ran across this in a project we were doing, but fortunately he caught it while we were still in development.  I asked him to put together a test to prove that this was related to the use of SELECT * and not some other anomaly.  I’ll walk you through the test script so you can see for yourself what happens. We are going to create a table and two views that are based on that table, one of them uses SELECT * and the other explicitly lists the column names.  The script to create these objects is listed below. IF OBJECT_ID('testtab') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE testtabgoIF OBJECT_ID('testtab_vw') IS NOT NULL DROP VIEW testtab_vwgo IF OBJECT_ID('testtab_vw_named') IS NOT NULL DROP VIEW testtab_vw_namedgo CREATE TABLE testtab (col1 NVARCHAR(5) null, col2 NVARCHAR(5) null)INSERT INTO testtab(col1, col2)VALUES ('A','B'), ('A','B')GOCREATE VIEW testtab_vw AS SELECT * FROM testtabGOCREATE VIEW testtab_vw_named AS SELECT col1, col2 FROM testtabgo Now, to prove that the two views currently return equivalent results, select from them. SELECT 'star', col1, col2 FROM testtab_vwSELECT 'named', col1, col2 FROM testtab_vw_named OK, so far, so good.  Now, what happens if someone makes a change to the definition of the underlying table, and that change results in a new column being inserted between the two existing columns?  (Side note, I normally prefer to append new columns to the end of the table definition, but some people like to keep their columns alphabetized, and for clarity for later people reviewing the schema, it may make sense to group certain columns together.  Whatever the reason, it sometimes happens, and you need to protect yourself and your code from the repercussions.) DROP TABLE testtabgoCREATE TABLE testtab (col1 NVARCHAR(5) null, col3 NVARCHAR(5) NULL, col2 NVARCHAR(5) null)INSERT INTO testtab(col1, col3, col2)VALUES ('A','C','B'), ('A','C','B')goSELECT 'star', col1, col2 FROM testtab_vwSELECT 'named', col1, col2 FROM testtab_vw_named I would have expected that the view using SELECT * in its definition would essentially pass-through the column name and still retrieve the correct data, but that is not what happens.  When you run our two select statements again, you see that the View that is based on SELECT * actually retrieves the data based on the ordinal position of the columns at the time that the view was created.  Sure, one work-around is to recreate the View, but you can’t really count on other developers to know the dependencies you have built-in, and they won’t necessarily recreate the view when they refactor the table. I am sure that there are reasons and justifications for why Views behave this way, but I find it particularly disturbing that you can have code asking for col2, but actually be receiving data from col3.  By the way, for the record, this entire scenario and accompanying test script apply to SQL Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack 1. So, let the developer beware…know what assumptions are in effect around your code, and keep on discouraging people from using SELECT * syntax in anything but the simplest of ad-hoc queries. And of course, let’s clean up after ourselves.  To eliminate the database objects created during this test, run the following commands. DROP TABLE testtabDROP VIEW testtab_vwDROP VIEW testtab_vw_named

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• Does query plan optimizer works well with joined/filtered table-valued functions?

  - by smoothdeveloper

  In SQLSERVER 2005, I'm using table-valued function as a convenient way to perform arbitrary aggregation on subset data from large table (passing date range or such parameters). I'm using theses inside larger queries as joined computations and I'm wondering if the query plan optimizer work well with them in every condition or if I'm better to unnest such computation in my larger queries. Does query plan optimizer unnest table-valued functions if it make sense? If it doesn't, what do you recommend to avoid code duplication that would occur by manually unnesting them? If it does, how do you identify that from the execution plan? code sample: create table dbo.customers ( [key] uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_customers primary key ([key]) ) go /* assume large amount of data */ create table dbo.point_of_sales ( [key] uniqueidentifier , customer_key uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_point_of_sales primary key ([key]) ) go create table dbo.product_ranges ( [key] uniqueidentifier , constraint pk_dbo_product_ranges primary key ([key]) ) go create table dbo.products ( [key] uniqueidentifier , product_range_key uniqueidentifier , release_date datetime , constraint pk_dbo_products primary key ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_products_product_range_key foreign key (product_range_key) references dbo.product_ranges ([key]) ) go . /* assume large amount of data */ create table dbo.sales_history ( [key] uniqueidentifier , product_key uniqueidentifier , point_of_sale_key uniqueidentifier , accounting_date datetime , amount money , quantity int , constraint pk_dbo_sales_history primary key ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_sales_history_product_key foreign key (product_key) references dbo.products ([key]) , constraint fk_dbo_sales_history_point_of_sale_key foreign key (point_of_sale_key) references dbo.point_of_sales ([key]) ) go create function dbo.f_sales_history_..snip.._date_range ( @accountingdatelowerbound datetime, @accountingdateupperbound datetime ) returns table as return ( select pos.customer_key , sh.product_key , sum(sh.amount) amount , sum(sh.quantity) quantity from dbo.point_of_sales pos inner join dbo.sales_history sh on sh.point_of_sale_key = pos.[key] where sh.accounting_date between @accountingdatelowerbound and @accountingdateupperbound group by pos.customer_key , sh.product_key ) go -- TODO: insert some data -- this is a table containing a selection of product ranges declare @selectedproductranges table([key] uniqueidentifier) -- this is a table containing a selection of customers declare @selectedcustomers table([key] uniqueidentifier) declare @low datetime , @up datetime -- TODO: set top query parameters . select saleshistory.customer_key , saleshistory.product_key , saleshistory.amount , saleshistory.quantity from dbo.products p inner join @selectedproductranges productrangeselection on p.product_range_key = productrangeselection.[key] inner join @selectedcustomers customerselection on 1 = 1 inner join dbo.f_sales_history_..snip.._date_range(@low, @up) saleshistory on saleshistory.product_key = p.[key] and saleshistory.customer_key = customerselection.[key] I hope the sample makes sense. Much thanks for your help!

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• Delphi How to wait for socket answer inside procedure?

  - by Astronavigator

  For some specific needs i need to create procedure that waits for socket request (or answer) in dll: TForm1 = class(TForm) ServerSocket1: TServerSocket; ...... procedure MyWaitProc; stdcall; begin Go := false; while not Go do begin // Wating... // Application.ProcessMessages; // Works with this line end; end; procedure TForm1.ServerSocket1ClientRead(Sender: TObject; Socket: TCustomWinSocket); begin MessageBoxA(0, PAnsiChar('Received: '+Socket.ReceiveText), '', MB_OK); Go := true; end; exports MyWaitProc; When I call Application.ProcessMessages everything works fine: application waits for request and then continues. But in my case calling Application.ProcessMessages causes to unlocking main form on host application (not dll's one). When I don't call Application.ProcessMessages application just hangs couse it cannot handle message... So, how to create such a procedure that's wating for socket answer ? Maybe there a way to wait for socket answer without using Application.ProcessMessages ? EDIT I also tried to use TIdTCPServer, for some reasons, the result is the same. TForm1 = class(TForm) IdTCPServer1: TIdTCPServer; ..... procedure MyWaitProc; stdcall; begin Go := false; while not Go do begin // Waiting ... // Application.ProcessMessages; end; end; procedure TForm1.IdTCPServer1Execute(AContext: TIdContext); var s: string; begin s := AContext.Connection.Socket.ReadString(1); AllText := AllText + s; Go := True; end;

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• Problem with duplicates in a SQL Join

  - by Chris Ballance

  I have the following result set from a join of three tables, an articles table, a products table, an articles to products mapping table. I would like to have the results with duplicates removed similar to a select distinct on content id. Current result set: [ContendId] [Title] [productId] 1 article one 2 1 article one 3 1 article one 9 4 article four 1 4 article four 10 4 article four 14 5 article five 1 6 article six 8 6 article six 10 6 article six 11 6 article six 13 7 article seven 14 Desired result set: [ContendId] [Title] [productId] 1 article one * 4 article four * 5 article five * 6 article six * 7 article seven * Here is condensed example of the relevant SQL: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb.dbo.products') AND type = (N'U')) drop table tempdb.dbo.products go CREATE TABLE tempdb.dbo.products ( productid int, productname varchar(255) ) go IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'articles') AND type = (N'U')) drop table tempdb.dbo.articles go create table tempdb.dbo.articles ( contentid int, title varchar(255) ) IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'articles') AND type = (N'U')) drop table tempdb.dbo.articles go create table tempdb.dbo.articles ( contentid int, title varchar(255) ) IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'articleproducts') AND type = (N'U')) drop table tempdb.dbo.articleproducts go create table tempdb.dbo.articleproducts ( contentid int, productid int ) insert into tempdb.dbo.products values (1,'product one'), (2,'product two'), (3,'product three'), (4,'product four'), (5,'product five'), (6,'product six'), (7,'product seven'), (8,'product eigth'), (9,'product nine'), (10,'product ten'), (11,'product eleven'), (12,'product twelve'), (13,'product thirteen'), (14,'product fourteen') insert into tempdb.dbo.articles VALUES (1,'article one'), (2, 'article two'), (3, 'article three'), (4, 'article four'), (5, 'article five'), (6, 'article six'), (7, 'article seven'), (8, 'article eight'), (9, 'article nine'), (10, 'article ten') INSERT INTO tempdb.dbo.articleproducts VALUES (1,2), (1,3), (1,9), (4,1), (4,10), (4,14), (5,1), (6,8), (6,10), (6,11), (6,13), (7,14) GO select DISTINCT(a.contentid), a.title, p.productid from articles a JOIN articleproducts ap ON a.contentid = ap.contentid JOIN products p ON a.contentid = ap.contentid AND p.productid = ap.productid ORDER BY a.contentid

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• How can I change the back button function in navigation toolbar?

  - by jackrobert

  I have developed a simple web application using JSP. It has a login page which contains username, password fields and sumbit button. It has a logout page which contains a link to the login page. And there are some pages like page1, page2, page3, page4, etc. Normal workflow is the following: After login comes page1. Then click some action and it will go to page2. Then click some action and it will go to page3. Then click some action and it will go to page4. So now I am in page4. Now click back button in navigation toolbar in browser, generally go to previous page (page3). But my requirement is, if you click back button in navigation toolbar from any page in the application, then you should go to logout page. For example: if you are in page4 and press the back button, then you should go to logout page and not to page3. How to achieve this? Is it anyway possible? Maybe with Javascript?

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• routes as explained in RoR tutorial 2nd Ed?

  - by 7stud

  The author, Michael Hartl, says: Here the rule: get "static_pages/home" maps requests for the URI /static_pages/home to the home action in the StaticPages controller. How? The type of request is given, the url is given, but where is the mapping to a controller and action? My tests all pass, though. I also tried deleting all the actions in the StaticPagesController, which just looks like this: class StaticPagesController < ApplicationController def home end def about end def help end def contact end end ...and my tests still pass, which is puzzling. The 2nd edition of the book(online) is really frustrating. Specifically, the section about making changes to the Guardfile is impossible to follow. For instance, if I instruct you to edit this file: blah blah blah dog dog dog beetle beetle beetle jump jump jump and make these changes: blah blah blah . . . go go go . . . jump jump jump ...would you have any idea where the line 'go go go' should be in the code? And the hint for exercise 3.5-1 is flat out wrong. If the author would put up a comment section at the end of every chapter, the rails community could self-edit the book.

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• SQL SERVER – Difference Between DATETIME and DATETIME2

  - by pinaldave

  Yesterday I have written a very quick blog post on SQL SERVER – Difference Between GETDATE and SYSDATETIME and I got tremendous response for the same. I suggest you read that blog post before continuing this blog post today. I had asked people to honestly take part and share their view about above two system function. There are few emails as well few comments on the blog post asking question how did I come to know the difference between the same. The answer is real world issues. I was called in for performance tuning consultancy where I was asked very strange question by one developer. Here is the situation he was facing. System had a single table with two different column of datetime. One column was datelastmodified and second column was datefirstmodified. One of the column was DATETIME and another was DATETIME2. Developer was populating them with SYSDATETIME respectively. He was always thinking that the value inserted in the table will be the same. This table was only accessed by INSERT statement and there was no updates done over it in application.One fine day he ran distinct on both of this column and was in for surprise. He always thought that both of the table will have same data, but in fact they had very different data. He presented this scenario to me. I said this can not be possible but when looked at the resultset, I had to agree with him. Here is the simple script generated to demonstrate the problem he was facing. This is just a sample of original table. DECLARE @Intveral INT SET @Intveral = 10000 CREATE TABLE #TimeTable (FirstDate DATETIME, LastDate DATETIME2) WHILE (@Intveral > 0) BEGIN INSERT #TimeTable (FirstDate, LastDate) VALUES (SYSDATETIME(), SYSDATETIME()) SET @Intveral = @Intveral - 1 END GO SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT FirstDate) D_GETDATE, COUNT(DISTINCT LastDate) D_SYSGETDATE FROM #TimeTable GO SELECT DISTINCT a.FirstDate, b.LastDate FROM #TimeTable a INNER JOIN #TimeTable b ON a.FirstDate = b.LastDate GO SELECT * FROM #TimeTable GO DROP TABLE #TimeTable GO Let us see the resultset. You can clearly see from result that SYSDATETIME() does not populate the same value in the both of the field. In fact the value is either rounded down or rounded up in the field which is DATETIME. Event though we are populating the same value, the values are totally different in both the column resulting the SELF JOIN fail and display different DISTINCT values. The best policy is if you are using DATETIME use GETDATE() and if you are suing DATETIME2 use SYSDATETIME() to populate them with current date and time to accurately address the precision. As DATETIME2 is introduced in SQL Server 2008, above script will only work with SQL SErver 2008 and later versions. I hope I have answered few questions asked yesterday. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://www.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL DateTime, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Ghost Records, Backups, and Database Compression…With a Pinch of Security Considerations

  - by Argenis

    Today Jeffrey Langdon (@jlangdon) posed on #SQLHelp the following questions: So I set to answer his question, and I said to myself: “Hey, I haven’t blogged in a while, how about I blog about this particular topic?”. Thus, this post was born. (If you have never heard of Ghost Records and/or the Ghost Cleanup Task, go see this blog post by Paul Randal) 1) Do ghost records get copied over in a backup? If you guessed yes, you guessed right. The backup process in SQL Server takes all data as it is on disk – it doesn’t crack the pages open to selectively pick which slots have actual data and which ones do not. The whole page is backed up, regardless of its contents. Even if ghost cleanup has run and processed the ghost records, the slots are not overwritten immediately, but rather until another DML operation comes along and uses them. As a matter of fact, all of the allocated space for a database will be included in a full backup. So, this poses a bit of a security/compliance problem for some of you DBA folk: if you want to take a full backup of a database after you’ve purged sensitive data, you should rebuild all of your indexes (with FILLFACTOR set to 100%). But the empty space on your data file(s) might still contain sensitive data! A SHRINKFILE might help get rid of that (not so) empty space, but that might not be the end of your troubles. You might _STILL_ have (not so) empty space on your files! One approach that you can follow is to export all of the data on your database to another SQL Server instance that does NOT have Instant File Initialization enabled. This can be a tedious and time-consuming process, though. So you have to weigh in your options and see what makes sense for you. Snapshot Replication is another idea that comes to mind. 2) Does Compression get rid of ghost records (2008)? The answer to this is no. The Ghost Records/Ghost Cleanup Task mechanism is alive and well on compressed tables and indexes. You can prove this running a simple script: CREATE DATABASE GhostRecordsTest GO USE GhostRecordsTest GO CREATE TABLE myTable (myPrimaryKey int IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,                       myWideColumn varchar(1000) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Default string value')                         ALTER TABLE myTable REBUILD PARTITION = ALL WITH (DATA_COMPRESSION = PAGE) GO INSERT INTO myTable DEFAULT VALUES GO 10 DELETE myTable WHERE myPrimaryKey % 2 = 0 DBCC TRACEON(2514) DBCC CHECKTABLE(myTable) TraceFlag 2514 will make DBCC CHECKTABLE give you an extra tidbit of information on its output. For the above script: “Ghost Record count = 5” Until next time,   -Argenis

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• Ghost Records, Backups, and Database Compression…With a Pinch of Security Considerations

  - by Argenis

    Today Jeffrey Langdon (@jlangdon) posed on #SQLHelp the following questions: So I set to answer his question, and I said to myself: “Hey, I haven’t blogged in a while, how about I blog about this particular topic?”. Thus, this post was born. (If you have never heard of Ghost Records and/or the Ghost Cleanup Task, go see this blog post by Paul Randal) 1) Do ghost records get copied over in a backup? If you guessed yes, you guessed right. The backup process in SQL Server takes all data as it is on disk – it doesn’t crack the pages open to selectively pick which slots have actual data and which ones do not. The whole page is backed up, regardless of its contents. Even if ghost cleanup has run and processed the ghost records, the slots are not overwritten immediately, but rather until another DML operation comes along and uses them. As a matter of fact, all of the allocated space for a database will be included in a full backup. So, this poses a bit of a security/compliance problem for some of you DBA folk: if you want to take a full backup of a database after you’ve purged sensitive data, you should rebuild all of your indexes (with FILLFACTOR set to 100%). But the empty space on your data file(s) might still contain sensitive data! A SHRINKFILE might help get rid of that (not so) empty space, but that might not be the end of your troubles. You might _STILL_ have (not so) empty space on your files! One approach that you can follow is to export all of the data on your database to another SQL Server instance that does NOT have Instant File Initialization enabled. This can be a tedious and time-consuming process, though. So you have to weigh in your options and see what makes sense for you. Snapshot Replication is another idea that comes to mind. 2) Does Compression get rid of ghost records (2008)? The answer to this is no. The Ghost Records/Ghost Cleanup Task mechanism is alive and well on compressed tables and indexes. You can prove this running a simple script: CREATE DATABASE GhostRecordsTest GO USE GhostRecordsTest GO CREATE TABLE myTable (myPrimaryKey int IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,                       myWideColumn varchar(1000) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Default string value')                         ALTER TABLE myTable REBUILD PARTITION = ALL WITH (DATA_COMPRESSION = PAGE) GO INSERT INTO myTable DEFAULT VALUES GO 10 DELETE myTable WHERE myPrimaryKey % 2 = 0 DBCC TRACEON(2514) DBCC CHECKTABLE(myTable) TraceFlag 2514 will make DBCC CHECKTABLE give you an extra tidbit of information on its output. For the above script: “Ghost Record count = 5” Until next time,   -Argenis

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• SQL SERVER – Introduction to PERCENTILE_DISC() – Analytic Functions Introduced in SQL Server 2012

  - by pinaldave

  SQL Server 2012 introduces new analytical function PERCENTILE_DISC(). The book online gives following definition of this function: Computes a specific percentile for sorted values in an entire rowset or within distinct partitions of a rowset in Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Release Candidate 0 (RC 0). For a given percentile value P, PERCENTILE_DISC sorts the values of the expression in the ORDER BY clause and returns the value with the smallest CUME_DIST value (with respect to the same sort specification) that is greater than or equal to P. If you are clear with understanding of the function – no need to read further. If you got lost here is the same in simple words – find value of the column which is equal or more than CUME_DIST. Before you continue reading this blog I strongly suggest you read about CUME_DIST function over here Introduction to CUME_DIST – Analytic Functions Introduced in SQL Server 2012. Now let’s have fun following query: USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderQty, ProductID, CUME_DIST() OVER(PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY ProductID ) AS CDist, PERCENTILE_DISC(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ProductID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID) AS PercentileDisc FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY SalesOrderID DESC GO The above query will give us the following result: You can see that I have used PERCENTILE_DISC(0.5) in query, which is similar to finding median but not exactly. PERCENTILE_DISC() function takes a percentile as a passing parameters. It returns the value as answer which value is equal or great to the percentile value which is passed into the example. For example in above example we are passing 0.5 into the PERCENTILE_DISC() function. It will go through the resultset and identify which rows has values which are equal to or great than 0.5. In first example it found two rows which are equal to 0.5 and the value of ProductID of that row is the answer of PERCENTILE_DISC(). In some third windowed resultset there is only single row with the CUME_DIST() value as 1 and that is for sure higher than 0.5 making it as a answer. To make sure that we are clear with this example properly. Here is one more example where I am passing 0.6 as a percentile. Now let’s have fun following query: USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderQty, ProductID, CUME_DIST() OVER(PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY ProductID ) AS CDist, PERCENTILE_DISC(0.6) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ProductID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID) AS PercentileDisc FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY SalesOrderID DESC GO The above query will give us the following result: The result of the PERCENTILE_DISC(0.6) is ProductID of which CUME_DIST() is more than 0.6. This means for SalesOrderID 43670 has row with CUME_DIST() 0.75 is the qualified row, resulting answer 773 for ProductID. I hope this explanation makes it further clear. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Introduction to Function SIGN

  - by pinaldave

  Yesterday I received an email from a friend asking how do SIGN function works. Well SIGN Function is very fundamental function. It will return the value 1, -1 or 0. If your value is negative it will return you negative -1 and if it is positive it will return you positive +1. Let us start with a simple small example. DECLARE @IntVal1 INT, @IntVal2 INT,@IntVal3 INT DECLARE @NumVal1 DECIMAL(4,2), @NumVal2 DECIMAL(4,2),@NumVal3 DECIMAL(4,2) SET @IntVal1 = 9; SET @IntVal2 = -9; SET @IntVal3 = 0; SET @NumVal1 = 9.0; SET @NumVal2 = -9.0; SET @NumVal3 = 0.0; SELECT SIGN(@IntVal1) IntVal1,SIGN(@IntVal2) IntVal2,SIGN(@IntVal3) IntVal3 SELECT SIGN(@NumVal1) NumVal1,SIGN(@NumVal2) NumVal2,SIGN(@NumVal2) NumVal3   The above function will give us following result set. You will notice that when there is positive value the function gives positive values and if the values are negative it will return you negative values. Also you will notice that if the data type is  INT the return value is INT and when the value passed to the function is Numeric the result also matches it. Not every datatype is compatible with this function.  Here is the quick look up of the return types. bigint -> bigint int/smallint/tinyint -> int money/smallmoney -> money numeric/decimal -> numeric/decimal everybody else -> float What will be the best example of the usage of this function that you will not have to use the CASE Statement. Here is example of CASE Statement usage and the same replaced with SIGN function. USE tempdb GO CREATE TABLE TestTable (Date1 SMALLDATETIME, Date2 SMALLDATETIME) INSERT INTO TestTable (Date1, Date2) SELECT '2012-06-22 16:15', '2012-06-20 16:15' UNION ALL SELECT '2012-06-24 16:15', '2012-06-22 16:15' UNION ALL SELECT '2012-06-22 16:15', '2012-06-22 16:15' GO -- Using Case Statement SELECT CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(d,Date1,Date2) > 0 THEN 1 WHEN DATEDIFF(d,Date1,Date2) < 0 THEN -1 ELSE 0 END AS Col FROM TestTable GO -- Using SIGN Function SELECT SIGN(DATEDIFF(d,Date1,Date2)) AS Col FROM TestTable GO DROP TABLE TestTable GO This was interesting blog post for me to write. Let me know your opinion. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Please Help Me Install Firestorm?

  - by Elle Caszatt

  I have been trying for hours just to install one program. In this time, I've tried my best to follow directions and not screw everything up but I have. I'm new to Linux. I tried to install Firestorm and this is what happened: parent@ubuntu:~$ sudo '/home/parent/Downloads/Phoenix_Firestorm-Release_i686_4.2.1.29803/install.sh' [sudo] password for parent: Enter the desired installation directory [/opt/firestorm-install]: /home/parent/downloads - Installing to /home/parent/downloads /home/parent/Downloads/Phoenix_Firestorm-Release_i686_4.2.1.29803/install.sh: line 80: /home/parent/downloads/etc/refresh_desktop_app_entry.sh: Permission denied parent@ubuntu:~$ sudo opt/firestorm-install sudo: opt/firestorm-install: command not found parent@ubuntu:~$ ./etc/refresh_desktop_app_entry.sh bash: ./etc/refresh_desktop_app_entry.sh: No such file or directory parent@ubuntu:~$ sudo '/home/parent/Downloads/Phoenix_Firestorm-Release_i686_4.2.1.29803/install.sh' Enter the desired installation directory [/opt/firestorm-install]: /home/parent - Backing up previous installation to /home/parent.backup-2012-08-27 - Installing to /home/parent cp: cannot stat `/home/parent/Downloads/Phoenix_Firestorm-Release_i686_4.2.1.29803/*': No such file or directory Failed parent@ubuntu:~$ Now whenever I go into my files it says it can't find anything. Like Cannot find home/parent/Downloads. Now, I KNOW there are downloads. I don't know why it's doing this all of a sudden. I'm so frustrated that I'm ready to just go back to Windows. I've already had to uninstall/reinstall Ubuntu once today. It's looking like I"m going to have to do it again. How can I fix my file problem that I'm now having and can someone please, please tell me how to install Firestorm? I mean they don't even have their repository listed. It's ridiculous to have to go through this over a program. Spotify wasn't hard at all to install so why is this? Someone please help, and I'm sorry if I sound like a total idiot. I'm pretty tech savvy but I'm honestly pretty upset after struggling with this for hours. Edit Okay, I see the problem with the directory files (showing the error I mentioned above when I try to click on them). I can only access my downloads, desktop, ect, through the backup that was created when I tried to install Firestorm. It's like that's the real home now. How can I get it back to the way it was? Edit Ubuntu has stopped working for me on reboot now. It doesn't go past the login screen. This is exactly what happened when I had to uninstall it before after trying to install Firestorm. Maybe I'm giving up too easily but I think I'm just going to go back to Windows. If this is what's going to happen every time I innocently try to install a program then it's just not worth it. I installed it specifically to run Firestorm because Windows sucks up a lot of CPU and causes lag. I still appreciate any input but this is just too much hassle for something that shouldn't be hard.

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• More useful Sql Server Serivce Broker Queries

  - by ChrisD

  SELECT 'Checking Broker Service Status...' IF (select Top 1 is_broker_enabled from sys.databases where name = 'NWMESSAGE')=1     SELECT ' Broker Service IS Enabled'  -- Should return a 1. ELSE     SELECT '** Broker Service IS DISABLED ***' /* If Is_Broker_enabled returns 0, uncomment and run this code ALTER DATABASE NWMESSAGE SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE GO Alter Database NWMESSAGE Set enable_broker GO ALTER DATABASE NWDataChannel SET MULTI_USER GO */ SELECT 'Checking For Disabled Queues....' -- ensure the queues are enabled --  0 indicates the queue is disabled. Select '** Receive Queue Disabled: '+name from sys.service_queues where is_receive_enabled = 0 --select [name], is_receive_enabled from sys.service_queues; /*If the queue is disabled, to enable it alter queue QUEUENAME with status=on; – replace QUEUENAME with the name of your queue */ -- Get General information about the queues --select * from sys.service_queues -- Get the message counts in each queue SELECT 'Checking Message Count for each Queue...' select q.name, p.rows from sys.objects as o join sys.partitions as p on p.object_id = o.object_id join sys.objects as q on o.parent_object_id = q.object_id join sys.service_queues sq on sq.name = q.name where p.index_id = 1 -- Ensure all the queue activiation sprocs are present SELECT 'Checking for Activation Stored Procedures....' SELECT  '** Missing Procedure:  '+q.name  From sys.service_queues q Where NOT Exists(Select * from sysobjects where xtype='p' and name='activation_'+q.name) and q.activation_procedure is not null DECLARE @sprocs Table (Name Varchar(2000)) Insert into @sprocs Values ('Echo') Insert into @sprocs Values ('HTTP_POST') Insert into @sprocs Values ('InitializeRecipients') Insert into @sprocs Values ('sp_EnableRecipient') Insert into @sprocs Values ('sp_ProcessReceivedMessage') Insert into @sprocs Values ('sp_SendXmlMessage') SELECT 'Checking for required stored procedures...' SELECT  '** Missing Procedure:  '+s.name  From @sprocs s Where NOT Exists(Select * from sysobjects where xtype='p' and name=s.name) GO -- Check the services Select 'Checking Recipient Message Services...' Select '** Missing Message Service:' + r.RecipientName +'MessageService' From Recipient r Where not exists (Select * from sys.services s where  s.name  COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS= r.RecipientName+'MessageService') DECLARE @svcs Table (Name Varchar(2000)) Insert into @svcs Values ('XmlMessageSendingService') SELECT  '** Missing Service:  '+s.name  From @svcs s Where NOT Exists(Select * from sys.services where name=s.name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS) GO /*** To Test a message send Run: sp_SendXmlMessage  'TSQLTEST', 'CommerceEngine','<Root><Text>Test</Text></Root>' */ Select CAST(message_body as XML) as xml, * From XmlMessageSendingQueue /*** clean out all queues declare @handle uniqueidentifier declare conv cursor for   select conversation_handle from sys.conversation_endpoints open conv fetch next from conv into @handle while @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 Begin    END Conversation @handle with cleanup    fetch next from conv into @handle End close conv deallocate conv ***********************

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• CSS Rollover button bug

  - by Nick

  Hi Everyone, I'm trying to create a drop down button and its almost working except one little bug. I have several big buttons that change background color when the user hovers over them and one of them, the language button, displays several suboptions inside itself when the user hovers over it. That all works fine except the language button doesn't change its background color when the user hovers over it. It does change its color if the cursor is just inside the button but not if it touches the 3 sub options. What i need is a technique or a rule that states that the button will change background color if user hovers over it or if the user hovers over one of its children elements. How do I achieve this? Here's the markup: <ul> <li><a href="/home/" title="Go to the Home page" class="current"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/" title="Go to the About Us page" class="link"><span>About us</span></a></li> <li><a href="/products/" title="Go to the Products page" class="link"><span>Products</span></a></li> <li><a href="/services/" title="Go to the Services page" class="link"><span>Services</span></a></li> <li><a href="/news/" title="Go to the News page" class="link"><span>News</span></a></li> <li><a href="/dealers/" title="Go to the Dealers page" class="link"><span>Dealers</span></a></li> <li id="Rollover"><a href="" title="select language" class="link"><span>Language</span></a> <ul> <li><a href="/english/">English</a></li> <li><a href="/french/">French</a></li> <li><a href="/spanish/">Spanish</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/contact-us/" title="Go to the contacts page" class="link"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> Thanks in advance!

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• Running emacs in GNU Screen overrides .emacs settings for [home] key binding in FreeBSD 8.2

  - by javanix

  If I use the following .emacs file, I am able to go to the beginning/end of the current line using the home/end keys as I would expect. (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) (add-to-list 'load-path "/home/sam/programs/go/go/misc/emacs/" t) (require 'go-mode-load) (global-set-key [kp-home] 'beginning-of-line) ; [Home] (global-set-key [home] 'beginning-of-line) ; [Home] (global-set-key [kp-end] 'end-of-line) ; [End] (global-set-key [end] 'end-of-line) ; [End] However, if I open up a screen session it does not function like this (the [home] key still brings me to the beginning of the buffer for some reason). Here is my .screenrc file if anyone can spot anything funky in there: term xterm defutf8 on defflow off startup_message off # terminfo and termcap for nice 256 color terminal # allow bold colors - necessary for some reason attrcolor b ".I" # tell screen how to set colors. AB = background, AF=foreground termcapinfo xterm 'Co#256:AB=\E[48;5;%dm:AF=\E[38;5;%dm' #use bash as the default login shell defshell -bash

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• copSHH how to restrict user from going back from there main root

  - by minus4

  I have installed SFTP on a windows servers using copSSH and all is good and it works well however you can go back from the main root. For example when i use C:\copSSH\home{username} as that user i can go back into copSSH and into them directories too. And I have a user setup to actually be C:\inetpub\wwwroot but that user can go into the system and everything i have this set as my path /cygdrive/c/inetpub/wwwroot It would be ideal if the user could only go forward from the start directory, rather than out and about there is no write ability but there is read and download....... thanks

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• Open Source webapp that shows PC / Projector status in 30+ Lecture rooms

  - by Seanchán

  I am looking for a simple web application that only has a simple graphical representation of the current status of 30+ lecture rooms. I.e. Green = good, Red=bad i.e. PC or Projector not working. With a little message and a ETA as well. I am not looking for monitoring software, merely a way for a tech to flag a room as "technically challenged" until 1PM or until "Friday 10AM". With a message for those lecturers who are interested: "Waiting on replacement bulb" or "Power supply gone" I know this is a simple thing to code up yourself, but I am looking for something that has been around for a few years that has some cool extra little functionality that you wouldn't think of yourself. I just can't find anything like that out there. And just to be clear: not monitoring software, more like lecturer feedback web app.

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• What is keeping my PC from sleeping?

  - by Omar Shahine

  How can I find out why my laptop or desktop won't automatically go to sleep

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• Which server software and configuration to retrieve from multiple POP servers, routing by address to correct user

  - by rolinger

  I am setting up a small email server on a Debian machine, which needs to pick up mail from a variety of POP servers and figure out who to send it to from the address, but I'm not clear what software will do what I need, although it seems like a very simple question! For example, I have 2 users, Alice and Bob. Any email to [email protected] ([email protected] etc) should go to Alice, all other mail to domain.example.com should go to Bob. Any email to [email protected] should go to Bob, and [email protected] should go to Alice Anything to *@bobs.place.com should go to Bob And so on... The idea is to pull together a load of mail addresses that have built up over the years and present them all as a single mailbox for Bob and another one for Alice. I'm expecting something like Postfix + Dovecot + Amavis + Spamassassin + Squirrelmail to fit the bill, but I'm not sure where the above comes in, can Postfix deal with it as a set of defined regular expressions, or is it a job for Amavis, or something else entirely? Do I need fetchmail in this mix, or is its role now included in one of the other components above. I think of it as content-filtering, but everything I read about content-filtering is focussed on detecting spam rather than routing email.

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• Dreamhost DNS CNAMEs work at my house, not for anyone else

  - by unknown (google)

  I have my domain BQQKSHELF.COM that I bought through Dreamhost. I set up a CNAME so that zach.bqqkshelf.com points to my app at zach.heroku.com. The app at Heroku is working fine. Everyone can agree on that. When I go to zach.bqqkshelf.com, everything seems to work okay too. When I ask my roommate to go to it, it works. When I go to it on my iTouch, it works. When I IM my friends and ask them to go to zach.bqqkshelf.com, they get a time out error. How is this possible?

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• Suddenly blocked from a site

  - by Diego Romero

  Suddenly from a time to now I haven't been able to go to a site I used to go frequently for maintenance (Wordpress). I tried different browsers, restarting my laptop, clearing cache, history, cookies. Also did a ping to the site ip, go 4 packets send and 4 lost. This is a problem I think with only my laptop, since I've been able to go into the site from other devices in the same network. I have also tried connecting to the same site from a completely different network with the same problem. I really don't know what to do about this, any advices? PS: site hosted in wp engine if that has anything to do with this problem.

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• Redirect to ADFS login

  - by Patrick

  My company has switched to Office 365 and we like it, but we would really like for the ADFS single sign on to be more simplified. We have to go to login.microsoftonline.com then type in the username, then you have to click the link that appears at the bottom. Then you have to type in your username again and password. So we have come up with the idea that we could just redirect everyone to this page, but after lots of research into this, it seems like it's not possible to do a DNS redirect to a path. Does anyone know any other type of redirect that we could try? I'm thinking about trying to see if I can have a DNS entry go to our TMG and then have the TMG redirect to a path. But I'm not sure how the ADFS server knows where to go after that, so it might just log us in and not go anywhere. Any help will be greatly appreciated.

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