Android applications can maintain their own internal preferences (and allow them
to be modified by users) with very little coding. In fact, you don't even need
to write an code
to explicitly save these preferences, it's all handled automatically!
Create a new Android project, with an intial activity title Main.
Create two more activities:
ShowPrefs, which extends Activity
Set Prefs, which extends PreferenceActivity
Add these two
to your AndroidManifest.xml file:
<activity android:name=".SetPrefs"></activity>
<activity android:name=".ShowPrefs"></activity>
Now we'll work on fleshing out each activity. First, open up
the main.xml layout file and add a couple of buttons
to it:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<Button android:text="Edit Preferences"
android:id="@+id/prefButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>
<Button android:text="Show Preferences"
android:id="@+id/showButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>
</LinearLayout>
Next, create a couple button listeners in Main.java
to handle
the clicks and start
the other activities:
Button editPrefs = (Button) findViewById(R.id.prefButton);
editPrefs.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent myIntent = new Intent(view.getContext(), SetPrefs.class);
startActivityForResult(myIntent, 0);
}
});
Button showPrefs = (Button) findViewById(R.id.showButton);
showPrefs.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent myIntent = new Intent(view.getContext(), ShowPrefs.class);
startActivityForResult(myIntent, 0);
}
});
Now, we'll create
the actual preferences layout. You'll need
to create a file called preferences.xml inside res/xml, and you'll likely have
to create
the xml directory as well. Add
the following xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
</PreferenceScreen>
First we'll add a category, which is just a way
to group similar preferences... sort of a horizontal bar. Add this inside
the PreferenceScreen tags:
<PreferenceCategory android:title="First Category">
</PreferenceCategory>
Now add a Checkbox and an Edittext box (inside
the PreferenceCategory tags):
<CheckBoxPreference
android:key="checkboxPref"
android:title="Checkbox Preference"
android:summary="This preference can be true or false"
android:defaultValue="false"/>
<EditTextPreference
android:key="editTextPref"
android:title="EditText Preference"
android:summary="This allows you
to enter a string"
android:defaultValue="Nothing"/>
The key is
how you will refer
to the preference in code,
the title is
the large text that will be displayed, and
the summary is
the smaller text (this will make sense when you see it).
Let's say we've got a second group of preferences that apply
to a different part of
the app. Add a new category just below
the first one:
<PreferenceCategory android:title="Second Category">
</PreferenceCategory>
In there we'll a list with radio buttons, so add:
<ListPreference
android:key="listPref"
android:title="List Preference"
android:summary="This preference lets you select an item in a array"
android:entries="@array/listArray"
android:entryValues="@array/listValues" />
When complete, your full xml file should look like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<PreferenceCategory android:title="First Category">
<CheckBoxPreference
android:key="checkboxPref"
android:title="Checkbox Preference"
android:summary="This preference can be true or false"
android:defaultValue="false"/>
<EditTextPreference
android:key="editTextPref"
android:title="EditText Preference"
android:summary="This allows you
to enter a string"
android:defaultValue="Nothing"/>
</PreferenceCategory>
<PreferenceCategory android:title="Second Category">
<ListPreference
android:key="listPref"
android:title="List Preference"
android:summary="This preference lets you select an item in a array"
android:entries="@array/listArray"
android:entryValues="@array/listValues" />
</PreferenceCategory>
</PreferenceScreen>
However, when you try
to save it, you'll get an error because you're missing your array definition.
To fix this, add a file called arrays.xml in res/values, and paste in
the following:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string-array name="listArray">
<item>Value 1</item>
<item>Value 2</item>
<item>Value 3</item>
</string-array>
<string-array name="listValues">
<item>1</item>
<item>2</item>
<item>3</item>
</string-array>
</resources>
Finally (for
the preferences
screen at least...) add
the code that will display
the preferences layout
to the SetPrefs.java file:
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences);
}
OK, so now we've got an activity that will set preferences, and save them without
the need
to write custom save code. Let's throw together an activity
to work with
the saved preferences. Create a new layout called showpreferences.xml and give it three Textviews:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textview1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="textview1"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textview2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="textview2"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textview3"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="textview3"/>
</LinearLayout>
Open up
the ShowPrefs.java file and have it use that layout:
setContentView(R.layout.showpreferences);
Then add
the following code
to load
the DefaultSharedPreferences and display them:
SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
TextView text1 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textview1);
TextView text2 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textview2);
TextView text3 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textview3);
text1.setText(new Boolean(prefs.getBoolean("checkboxPref", false)).toString());
text2.setText(prefs.getString("editTextPref", "<unset>"));;
text3.setText(prefs.getString("listPref", "<unset>"));
Fire up
the application in
the emulator and click
the Edit Preferences button. Set various things, click
the back button, then
the Edit Preferences button again. Notice that your choices have been saved.
Now click
the Show Preferences button, and you should see
the results of what you set:
There are two more preference types that I did not include here:
RingtonePreference - shows a radioGroup that lists your ringtones
PreferenceScreen - allows you
to embed a second preference
screen inside
the first - it opens up a new set of preferences when clicked
