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  • Automated Legal Processing

    - by Chris S
    Will it ever be possible to make legal systems quantifiable enough to process with computer algorithms? What technologies would have to be in place before this is possible? Are there any existing technologies that are already trying to accomplish this? Out of curiosity, I downloaded the text for laws in my local municipality, and tried applying some simple NLP tricks to extract rules from sentences. I had mixed results. Some sentences were very explicit (e.g. "Cars may not be left in the park overnight"), but other sentences seemed hopelessly vague (e.g. "The council's purpose is to ensure the well-being of the community"). I apologize if this is too open-ended a topic, but I've often wondered what society would look like if legal systems were based on less ambiguous language. Lawyers, and the legal process in general, are so expensive because they have to manually process a complex set of rules codified in ambiguous legal texts. If this system could be represented in software, this huge expense could potentially be eliminated, making the legal system more accessible for everyone.

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  • Is there a list of language only character regions for UTF-8 somewhere?

    - by Brehtt
    I'm trying to analyze some UTF-8 encoded documents in a way that recognizes different language characters. For my approach to work I need to ignore non-language characters, such as control characters, mathematical symbols etc. Just trying to dissect the basic Latin section of the UTF standard has resulted in multiple regions, with characters like the division symbol being right in the middle of a range of valid Latin characters. Is there a list somewhere that identifies these regions? Or better yet, a Regex that defines the regions or something in C# that can identify the different characters?

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  • Mapping words to numbers with respect to definition

    - by thornate
    As part of a larger project, I need to read in text and represent each word as a number. For example, if the program reads in "Every good boy deserves fruit", then I would get a table that converts 'every' to '1742', 'good' to '977513', etc. Now, obviously I can just use a hashing algorithm to get these numbers. However, it would be more useful if words with similar meanings had numerical values close to each other, so that 'good' becomes '6827' and 'great' becomes '6835', etc. As another option, instead of a simple integer representing each number, it would be even better to have a vector made up of multiple numbers, eg (lexical_category, tense, classification, specific_word) where lexical_category is noun/verb/adjective/etc, tense is future/past/present, classification defines a wide set of general topics and specific_word is much the same as described in the previous paragraph. Does any such an algorithm exist? If not, can you give me any tips on how to get started on developing one myself? I code in C++.

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  • Database strucure for versioning and multiple languages

    - by phobia
    Hi, I'm wondering how to best solve the issue of content existing in multiple versions and multiple languages. An image of my current structure can be seen here: http://i46.tinypic.com/72fx3k.png Each content can only have one active version in each language, and that's how I'm curious on how to best solve. Right now I have a column of the contentversions table, which means for each change of active version I have to run a update and set active=false on all version and then a update to set active=true for the piece of content in question. Any thoughts? :)

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  • Algorithm for sentence analysis and tokenization

    - by Andrea Nagar
    I need to analyze a document and compile statistics as to how many times each a sequence of words is used (so the analysis is not on single words but of batch of recurring words). I read that compression algorithms do something similar to what I want - creating dictionaries of blocks of text with a piece of information reporting its frequency. It should be something similar to http://www.codeproject.com/KB/recipes/Patterns.aspx Do you have anything written in C#?

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  • How does Amazon's Statistically Improbable Phrases work?

    - by ??iu
    How does something like Statistically Improbable Phrases work? According to amazon: Amazon.com's Statistically Improbable Phrases, or "SIPs", are the most distinctive phrases in the text of books in the Search Inside!™ program. To identify SIPs, our computers scan the text of all books in the Search Inside! program. If they find a phrase that occurs a large number of times in a particular book relative to all Search Inside! books, that phrase is a SIP in that book. SIPs are not necessarily improbable within a particular book, but they are improbable relative to all books in Search Inside!. For example, most SIPs for a book on taxes are tax related. But because we display SIPs in order of their improbability score, the first SIPs will be on tax topics that this book mentions more often than other tax books. For works of fiction, SIPs tend to be distinctive word combinations that often hint at important plot elements. For instance, for Joel's first book, the SIPs are: leaky abstractions, antialiased text, own dog food, bug count, daily builds, bug database, software schedules One interesting complication is that these are phrases of either 2 or 3 words. This makes things a little more interesting because these phrases can overlap with or contain each other.

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  • Database structure for versioning and multiple languages

    - by phobia
    How can I solve the issue of content existing in multiple versions and multiple languages? My current structure: Each content can only have one active version in each language, and that's how I'm curious on how to best solve. Right now I have a column of the contentversions table, which means for each change of active version I have to run a update and set active=false on all version and then a update to set active=true for the piece of content in question.

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  • Data clean up: are there libraries of common permutations that we can use? Or is there a better appr

    - by anyaelena
    We are working on clean-up and analysis of a lot of human-entered customer data. We need to decide programmatically whether 2 addresses (for example) are the same, even though the data was entered with slight variations. Right now we run each address through fairly simplistic string replacement (replacing avenue with ave, for example), concatenate the fields and compare the results. We are doing something similar with names. At the very least, it seems like our list of search-replace values should already exist somewhere. Or perhaps you can suggest a totally different and superior way to detect matches?

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  • Given a document select a relevant snippet.

    - by BCS
    When I ask a question here, the tool tips for the question returned by the auto search given the first little bit of the question, but a decent percentage of them don't give any text that is any more useful for understanding the question than the title. Does anyone have an idea about how to make a filter to trim out useless bits of a question? My first idea is to trim any leading sentences that contain only words in some list (for instance, stop words, plus words from the title, plus words from the SO corpus that have very weak correlation with tags, that is that are equally likely to occur in any question regardless of it's tags)

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  • Inter-rater agreement (Fleiss' Kappa, Krippendorff's Alpha etc) Java API?

    - by adam
    I am working on building a Question Classification/Answering corpus as a part of my masters thesis. I'm looking at evaluating my expected answer type taxonomy with respect to inter-rater agreement/reliability, and I was wondering: Does anybody know of any decent (preferably free) Java API(s) that can do this? I'm reasonably certain all I need is Fleiss' Kappa and Krippendorff's Alpha at this point. Weka provides a kappa statistic in it's evaluation package, but I think it can only evaluate a classifier and I'm not at that stage yet (because I'm still building the data set and classes). Thanks.

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  • Word filter that groups words?

    - by Legend
    Is there any library that achieves the following: Convert Microsoft Windows 98 Microsoft Windows XP Windows 7 Windows Ultimate Desktop Windows to Windows 4 The complicated part here is to recognize that "Desktop Windows" is an anomaly here and not count it. If nothing is added before the word "Windows", perhaps it can be counted but if there is something else and the suffix does not match any popular suffix, it can still be counted. Maybe I am a little vague here but perhaps someone could have an idea about what I am talking about here. Any suggestions?

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  • List of uninteresting words

    - by Hooked
    [Caveat] This is not directly a programing question, but it is something that comes up so often in language processing that I'm sure it's of some use to the community. Does anyone have a good list of uninteresting (English) words that have been tested by more then a casual look? This would include all prepositions, conjunctions, etc... words that may have semantic meaning, but are often frequent in every sentence, regardless of the subject. I've built my own lists from time to time for personal projects but they've been ad-hoc; I continuously add words that I forgotten as they come in.

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  • Is "programmatically" a word? [closed]

    - by Lo'oris
    I can't find it on any of the online dictionaries I know: dict.org, word reference, urban dictionary, oxford paravia, garzanti. To my ears of a non-native speaker, it sounds horrible. Actually it sounds like a word made-up by another non-native speaker that wanted to say something, didn't know how, and just hacked in a word of his language. The only place I've read it other then user-created-content is the android documentation, so this might or might not be related. Do you happen to know where did it start to be used, why by did it spread so much, what does it really mean?

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  • Mount CIFS share gives "mount error 127 = Key has expired"

    - by djk
    Hi, I'm currently replicating the setup of a CentOS box an am running into a strange error while trying to mount a samba share that resides on a NAS. The error I'm getting is: mount error 127 = Key has expired Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g.man mount.cifs) The settings are identical to the old machine, the password is definitely correct as well. I have googled the issue of course, and looked at every single page that references this issue (not that many) and have still not found an answer. The older CentOS box is using version 3.0.28-0.el4.9 of Samba and the one I'm trying to setup now is 3.0.33-3.7.el5_3.1. I don't know if this has anything to do with it but it's certainly one of the only differences between the 2 setups. When I try the mount command this appears in the syslog: Sep 8 10:51:54 helvetica2 kernel: Status code returned 0xc0000072 NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED Sep 8 10:51:54 helvetica2 kernel: CIFS VFS: Send error in SessSetup = -127 Sep 8 10:51:54 helvetica2 kernel: CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -127 The account is very much not disabled as it works on the old box using the same credentials. Has anyone else seen this problem? Thanks!

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  • Mount CIFS share gives "mount error 127 = Key has expired"

    - by djk
    I'm currently replicating the setup of a CentOS box an am running into a strange error while trying to mount a samba share that resides on a NAS. The error I'm getting is: mount error 127 = Key has expired Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g.man mount.cifs) The settings are identical to the old machine, the password is definitely correct as well. I have googled the issue of course, and looked at every single page that references this issue (not that many) and have still not found an answer. The older CentOS box is using version 3.0.28-0.el4.9 of Samba and the one I'm trying to setup now is 3.0.33-3.7.el5_3.1. I don't know if this has anything to do with it but it's certainly one of the only differences between the 2 setups. When I try the mount command this appears in the syslog: Sep 8 10:51:54 helvetica2 kernel: Status code returned 0xc0000072 NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED Sep 8 10:51:54 helvetica2 kernel: CIFS VFS: Send error in SessSetup = -127 Sep 8 10:51:54 helvetica2 kernel: CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -127 The account is very much not disabled as it works on the old box using the same credentials. Has anyone else seen this problem? Thanks!

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  • What registry key or windows file determines where monitors are placed in a multi monitor environmen

    - by dfree
    So I have a laptop with a usb to vga adapter (http://www.startech.com/item/USB2VGAE2-USB-VGA-External-Multi-Monitor-Video-Adapter.aspx) which allows me to add a third monitor to my laptop (the second monitor uses the onboard slot) It worked fine on windows vista - you could go into windows display settings and windows would recognize the third monitor and let you drag it around accordingly. With windows 7, the third monitor literally is not there in windows display settings. The driver allows you to display to the third monitor, but you can't move where it is. The display settings are misplaced relative to my other two (if you drag windows over to it, they end up on the bottom when it should be aligned). I called tech support and they said that there isn't a driver with this functionality for windows 7 yet. But here's my hunch. The monitor placement is still somewhat similar to where I had it on vista, it's just off about 500 pixels or so. I think there is either a registry key or driver file somewhere that is telling this monitor where to exist. If I could just modify the number and move it up 500 pixels, it would be in the right place and I don't have to wait 6 months for the company to come out with a new driver. Any ideas???

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  • Configuring OS X L2TP VPN to use Certificate for IPSEC layer instead of Pre Shared Key

    - by Matthew Savage
    I'm trying to setup a L2TP VPN on an OS X Snow Leopard Server setup, and have had success using a pre-shared key, however I would rather not rely on a simple string, and use a certificate instead. Setting this up on the server side is seemingly easy, you simply select a certificate you have generated from the list, and hit apply, however when I try to use the certificate on the client side it fails. I have exported the certificate into a P12 file, and then transferred to the client, and imported into the login keychain, however when I try to choose the certificate (from Network preferences, clicking Authentication Settings, then selecting Certificate and pressing Select) I am shown the following error: No machine certificates found Certificate authentication cannot be used because your keychain does not contain any suitable certificates. Use Keychain Access to import the certificate into your keychain. If you do not have the certificates required for authentication, contact your network administrator. Unfortunately even when I try to generate a certificate where I override the defaults, ensure the DNS name etc are set properly this doesn't change. When I select Certificate Authentication for the User Auth, and click Select the certificate for the server shows up there, but obviously this isn't where I need it to be available.

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  • Modifier key bug with Adobe Design Standard CS4 (Mac OS 10.6.6)

    - by Andy
    When I launch the Adobe apps, they ask me if I want to delete the preferences file. I say 'no'. Then, when using the apps, none of the tools seem to work properly, eg in Illustrator, I can't move objects without it duplicating the object. Photoshop constantly displays the contextual menu icon that usually only appears when you hold down the control key. I can't do any work in them when this happens, so I am forced to log out and then back in. They work for a while and then this annoying bug happens again. I think it must be to do with the modifier keys (command option and control). I think Adobe's apps must think I'm permanently pressing the modifier keys down - the thing is, no other app on my machine has this problem! Does anyone else experience this? Or have a fix for it? Any suggestions much appreciated. Running: Mac OS X 10.6.6 on an iMac. Adobe CS4 Design standard installed.

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  • EC2 instances keep becoming inaccessible via SSH, can I use elastic loadbalancer to check SSH connectivity?

    - by Rick
    This is mainly an issue for my development ec2 server as it seems that my instance keeps becoming inaccessible via SSH. It happened yesterday so I killed that one and started a new one and happened again later today. The server still works, my web application is accessible in a web browser but whenever I try to connect via SSH I get a pemrission denied (public key) error message in my terminal. I am 100% sure I am doing nothing wrong as I can create a new instance of the exact same AMI (its a personal custom AMI), change absolutely nothing, including using the same .pem key, and then am able to SSH into that new instance using the exact same command as before (just changing the IP address). I understand that ec2 can have issues but having this happen every day seems a bit odd.. I am using an m2.xlarge instance so I don't know if these tend to be unstable, in the past I have used a small instance and had it running for months with no problems which is why I find this so odd. I am looking into using loadbalancing but it seems the only "health" checks they offer is for http or tcp so I'm not sure if I can make it monitor for SSH connectivity. This is important for development as I may make 1-2 new pushes of an application a day and use SSH to do this. I have a designer that needs to have the app always accessible as he works with the front-end files to test output with the live application. Anyways, any advice / info is appreciated

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  • Acrobat 9 Pro - shortcut key failure

    - by Rick G
    I create numerous Acrobat PDF files from MS Word documents via Acrobat 9 Pro. I often need to print a single page from an Acrobat PDF file. I normally use the keyboard shortcut Control-P (Print Dialog) and ALT-U (current page). I recently set up a new PC with Windows 7, and this shortcut combination does not work. When I press ALT-U, it moves the highlight to the correct item, but does not select the radio button. If I press the Enter key, then I print the entire document instead of the current page - VERY annoying! It looks like there is an error in the design of the Print dialog for Acrobat. There are two items which have ALT-U as the keyboard shortcut. They are "Current page" in the Print range frame, and "Summarize comments". I have been able to use Control-P (Print Dialog) and ALT-U (current page) with no problems on virtual machines and older computers running Windows XP. Maybe I installed some software on the new PC that is messing up the keyboard shortcut. Is there any way to figure out the culprit - or is this a known problem with Acrobat?

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  • This web site needs a different Google Maps API key. A new key can be generated at http://code.googl

    - by MJI
    Apologies in advance if this is the wrong place to post. I tried searching for this issue and all that seemed to come up were questions posted from people who had this issue with their web pages. I couldn't find questions related to this issue from a laypersons perspective. I'm not a developer. I have no domain, nor wish to have one at the time. Rather I'm just a regular person who likes to upload photos to some photo related sites. My uploading process constantly gets interrupted by one of these annoying API errors. I get it at least two times, one when I click the page to upload, and also right after it has uploaded. It also pops up if I go to edit a photo or delete it. This interrupts my browsing experience until I click okay. I just want a fix for the annoying without having to register for a key. I tried before and it required a web domain. I rather not have to create a domain and go through such hoops just to fix this. Is there a solution for this problem that doesn't require registration? Another thing to note: I have used two computers. One has the message pop-up and the other doesn't. What is different about the two computers?

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  • Computing Number of Bits in Public Key

    - by eb80
    I am working with DKIM and trying to compute the public key size of some DKIM signatures. I know from tools that Gmail's is now 2048, but how could I have figured this out myself (i.e., what exact Linux commands and why)? user@host$ dig txt 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> txt 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52228 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;20120113._domainkey.gmail.com. IN TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com. 300 IN TXT "k=rsa\; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1Kd87/UeJjenpabgbFwh+eBCsSTrqmwIYYvywlbhbqoo2DymndFkbjOVIPIldNs/m40KF+yzMn1skyoxcTUGCQs8g3FgD2Ap3ZB5DekAo5wMmk4wimDO+U8QzI3SD0" "7y2+07wlNWwIt8svnxgdxGkVbbhzY8i+RQ9DpSVpPbF7ykQxtKXkv/ahW3KjViiAH+ghvvIhkx4xYSIc9oSwVmAl5OctMEeWUwg8Istjqz8BZeTWbf41fbNhte7Y+YqZOwq1Sd0DbvYAD9NOZK9vlfuac0598HY+vtSBczUiKERHv1yRbcaQtZFh5wtiRrN04BLUTD21MycBX5jYchHjPY/wIDAQAB" ;; Query time: 262 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Mon Nov 19 10:52:06 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 462

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  • OS X won't boot up unless I hold down option key

    - by Gazzer
    I have a strange issue on an early 2008 Mac Pro running OS 10.6: if I restart the computer it restarts normally if I shutdown and boot, it stops at the grey screen just before the boot process if I shutdown and boot but hold down the option key, I can select the boot disk and all is good. I've just cloned the disk, and the same thing happens. The disk is a SAMSUNG HD154UI The disk is partitioned (the second partition holds a clone of the Snow Leopard Install disk) One weird thing on the original disk was one of the partitions said 'EFI Boot' in a non-aliased font rather than the name of the disk when the disks are listed upon holding down option. Solution: it seems that there was a problem with the disk. Part of the difficulty in finding the solution was that you need to remove the disk from the computer completely. For example, a good disk in Bay 3, wouldn't boot up if the bad disk was in Bay 2. So for ages I thought the problem was hardware related in Bay 3. So if you think you have a dodgy disk remove it totally if you are testing the hardware with a 'clean' disk. Cleaning the PRAM helped to get the new disk to work too.

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