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  • "=null" and select statement!

    - by user329820
    Hi I have asked this question before in this forum and they told me that it will retun an empty result set,I want to know that if I set the column with null values it will retun an empty result set?also the ANSI_NULLS is OFF ,thanks SELECT 'A' FROM T WHERE A = NULL;

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  • Difference between name != null and null != name in java?

    - by GK
    I have seen people using the following conditions interchangeably. String name; //some code if(name != null) //or if(null != name) So is there any difference in this? or both are same? I am asking this here because, i heard that there is some difference in these, but don't know what. Thanks

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  • p=malloc()!=null.......

    - by gcc
    char *p,*p1,*p2,*p3,*p4; for(;;) { if((p=malloc(10))!=NULL && (p1=malloc(20))!=NULL ......) break; } Writing if(........) is too boring and long, are there any ways to make it simpler?

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  • MBPro, mid 2010 can't see Dlink DIR655 signal after sleep etc

    - by user88114
    This is my son's MBP 7,1 running Snow Leopard 10.6.7. Router signal is fine since iPad, Wintel on same table 20 feet from router are fine. the MBP however frequently wakes and fails to find the internet. iStumbler can see 1 neighbours hub and my garden hub are there but can't get to the normal DIR655 wifi... no ping no en0 or en1 device seems to exist. Airport off and on does not help. He just resets router and it all works but this does not please me! I must admit the winter sometimes seems to loose connect too, but less so. The DIR655 (hardware rev A3) is on the original EU firmware 1.10, I'm cautious about jumping to latest 1.31EU since no downgrade seems to be possible and that feels a bit risky as so much is set up and working fine. If I use the DIR655 admin web and release the lease the MBP has then wake it all worked OK. So I suspect lease timing/locking issue but unsure how to check up, plus why iStumbler seems to say the network is not visible at all when I sit on the iPad right next to it just fine.. I do not think there are any channel overlaps and we also have RFquiet DECT phones (Orchid) that are silent until lifted or called. Anyway signals all show low interference and high throughput except for this failure to connect. Just walked the MBP to the garden office and iStumbler now sees the more distant DIR655 signal although it will not connect to it (does not show under Sys Prefs NetNetwork names) even after airport off & on... It also refuses to connect to my garden network (an old Belkin acting as AP wired to DIR655), the signal it can see and even net name in Sys Prefs NetNetwork names (2 mins later):NOW both names ARE visible, but both fail to accept the correct WPA2 password and keep asking again after failing to connect. IT ALL MAKES NO SENSE TO ME. Just revoked the lease for the MBP on DIR655 and no changes although this seemed to help MBP wake into connection 1 hour ago. OK a bit of walking about to report. Carried MBP across garden towards DIR655, a few other wifis show up on iStumbler, low signals all channel 1. Right next to DIR655 but iStumbler not showing it, although most other wifi's have gone. I'd say iStubler is suffering timeouts&hangs but hard to be sure. Lots of attempts to Airport on/off, join other etc and suddenly I get to connect, get given new IP (I revoked), can browse. Walk away, connection drops quite soon at 30 feet then reconnected briefly then died again. MUST ATTEND ELSEWHERE FOR A BIT...

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  • C - array count, strtok, etc

    - by Pedro
    Hi... i have a little problem on my code... HI open a txt that have this: LEI;7671;Maria Albertina da silva;[email protected]; 9;8;12;9;12;11;6;15;7;11; LTCGM;6567;Artur Pereira Ribeiro;[email protected]; 6;13;14;12;11;16;14; LEI;7701;Ana Maria Carvalho;[email protected]; 8;13;11;7;14;12;11;16;14; LEI, LTCGM are the college; 7671, 6567, 7701 is student number; Maria, Artur e Ana are the students name; [email protected], ...@gmail are emails from students; the first number of every line is the total of classes that students have; after that is students school notes; example: College: LEI Number: 7671 Name: Maria Albertina da Silva email: [email protected] total of classes: 9 Classe Notes: 8 12 9 12 11 6 15 7 11. My code: typedef struct aluno{ char sigla[5];//college char numero[80];//number char nome[80];//student name char email[20];//email int total_notas;// total of classes char tot_not[40]; // total classes char notas[20];// classe notes int nota; //class notes char situacao[80]; //situation (aproved or disaproved) }ALUNO; void ordena(ALUNO*alunos, int tam)//bubble sort { int i=0; int j=0; char temp[100]; for( i=0;i<tam;i++) for(j=0;j<tam-1;j++) if(strcmp( alunos[i].sigla[j], alunos[i].sigla[j+1])>0){ strcpy(temp, alunos[i].sigla[j]); strcpy(alunos[i].sigla[j],alunos[i].sigla[j+1]); strcpy(alunos[i].sigla[j+1], temp); } } void xml(ALUNO*alunos, int tam){ FILE *fp; char linha[60];//line int soma, max, min, count;//biggest note and lowest note and students per course count float media; //media of notes fp=fopen("example.txt","r"); if(fp==NULL){ exit(1); } else{ while(!(feof(fp))){ soma=0; media=0; max=0; min=0; count=0; fgets(linha,60,fp); if(linha[0]=='L'){ if(ap_dados=strtok(linha,";")){ strcpy(alunos[i].sigla,ap_dados);//copy to struct // i need to call bubble sort here, but i don't know how printf("College: %s\n",alunos[i].sigla); if(ap_dados=strtok(NULL,";")){ strcpy(alunos[i].numero,ap_dados);//copy to struct printf("number: %s\n",alunos[i].numero); if(ap_dados=strtok(NULL,";")){ strcpy(alunos[i].nome, ap_dados);//copy to struct printf("name: %s\n",alunos[i].nome); if(ap_dados=strtok(NULL,";")){ strcpy(alunos[i].email, ap_dados);//copy to struct printf("email: %s\n",alunos[i].email); } } } }i++; } if(isdigit(linha[0])){ if(info_notas=strtok(linha,";")){ strcpy(alunos[i].tot_not,info_notas); alunos[i].total_notas=atoi(alunos[i].tot_not);//total classes for(z=0;z<=alunos[i].total_notas;z++){ if(info_notas=strtok(NULL,";")){ strcpy(alunos[i].notas,info_notas); alunos[i].nota=atoi(alunos[i].notas); // student class notes } soma=soma + alunos[i].nota; media=soma/alunos[i].total_notas;//doesn't work if(alunos[i].nota>max){ max=alunos[i].nota;;//doesn't work } else{ if(min<alunos[i].nota){ min=alunos[i].nota;;//doesn't work } } //now i need to count the numbers of students in the same college, but doesn't work /*If(strcmp(alunos[i].sigla, alunos[i+1].sigla)=0){ count ++; printf("%d\n", count); here for LEI should appear 2 students and for LTCGM appear 1, don't work }*/ //Now i need to see if student is aproved or disaproved // Student is disaproved if he gets 3 notes under 10, how can i do that? } printf("media %d\n",media); //media printf("Nota maxima %d\n",max);// biggest note printf("Nota minima %d\n",min); //lowest note }i++; } } } fclose(fp); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ ALUNO alunos; FILE *fp; int tam; fp=fopen(nomeFicheiro,"r"); alunos = (ALUNO*) calloc (tam, sizeof(ALUNO)); xml(alunos,nomeFicheiro, tam); system("PAUSE"); return 0; }

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  • Dangling pointer

    - by viswanathan
    How can the below code result in a dangling pointer. { char *cPointer = malloc ( some constant number ); /* some code */ free ( cPointer ); cPointer = NULL; /* some code */ }

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  • C newbie malloc question

    - by roufamatic
    Why doesn't this print 5? void writeValue(int* value) { value = malloc(sizeof(int)); *value = 5; } int main(int argc, char * argv) { int* value = NULL; writeValue(value); printf("value = %d\n", *value); // error trying to access 0x00000000 } and how can I modify this so it would work while still using a pointer as an argument to writeValue?

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  • Call by Reference Function in C

    - by Chad
    Hello everyone, I would just like a push in the right direction here with my homework assignment. Here is the question: (1) Write a C function called input which returns void, this function prompts the user for input of two integers followed by a double precision value. This function reads these values from the keyboard and finds the product of the two integers entered. The function uses call by reference to communicate the values of the three values read and the product calculated back to the main program. The main program then prints the three values read and the product calculated. Provide test results for the input: 3 5 23.5. Do not use arrays or global variables in your program. And here is my code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void input(int *day, int *month, double *k, double *pro); int main(void){ int i,j; double k, pro; input(&i, &j, &k, &pro); printf("%f\n", pro); return 0; } void input(int *i, int *j, double *k, double *pro){ int x,y; double z; double product; scanf("%d", &x); scanf("%d", &y); scanf("%f", &z); *pro += (x * y * z); } I can't figure out how to reference the variables with pointers really, it is just not working out for me. Any help would be great!

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  • How do I repass a function pointer in C++

    - by fneep
    Firstly, I am very new to function pointers and their horrible syntax so play nice. I am writing a method to filter all pixels in my bitmap based on a function that I pass in. I have written the method to dereference it and call it in the pixel buffer but I also need a wrapper method in my bitmap class that takes the function pointer and passes it on. How do I do it? What is the syntax? I'm a little stumped. Here is my code with all the irrelevant bits stripped out and files combined (read all variables initialized filled etc.). struct sColour { unsigned char r, g, b, a; }; class cPixelBuffer { private: sColour* _pixels; int _width; int _height; int _buffersize; public: void FilterAll(sColour (*FilterFunc)(sColour)); }; void cPixelBuffer::FilterAll(sColour (*FilterFunc)(sColour)) { // fast fast fast hacky FAST for (int i = 0; i < _buffersize; i++) { _pixels[i] = (*FilterFunc)(_pixels[i]); } } class cBitmap { private: cPixelBuffer* _pixels; public: inline void cBitmap::Filter(sColour (*FilterFunc)(sColour)) { //HERE!! } };

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  • C++ classes with members referencing each other

    - by Saad Imran.
    I'm trying to write 2 classes with members that reference each other. I'm not sure if I'm doing something wrong or it's just not possible. Can anyone help me out here... Source.cpp #include "Headers.h" using namespace std; void main() { Network* network = new Network(); system("pause"); return; } Headers.h #ifndef Headers_h #define Headers_h #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include "Network.h" #include "Router.h" #endif Network.h #include "Headers.h" class Network { protected: vector<Router> Routers; }; Router.h #include "Headers.h" class Router { protected: Network* network; public: }; The errors I'm getting are: error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '<' error C2238: unexpected token(s) preceding ';' error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. I'm pretty sure I'm not missing any semicolons or stuff like that. The program works find if I take out one of the members. I tried finding similar questions and the solution was to use pointers, but that's what I'm doing and it does't seem to be working!

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  • How to get a number closest to the average in c++?

    - by Alex Zielinski
    What I'm trying to achieve is to take the average of the numbers stored in the array and find the number which is closest to it. My code compiles, but has an error just after starting. I think it's something to do with the memory handling (I don't feel confident with pointers, etc. yet) Could some nice guy take a look at my code and tell me what's wrong with it? (don't be hard on me, I'm a beginner) #include <iostream> #include <cmath> using namespace std; double* aver(double* arr, size_t size, double& average); int main() { double arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5,7}; size_t size = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); double average = 0; double* p = aver(arr,size,average); cout << *p << " " << average << endl; } double* aver(double* arr, size_t size, double& average){ int i,j,sum; double* m = 0; int tmp[7]; for(i=0;i<size;i++) sum += arr[i]; average = sum/size; for(j=0;j<size;j++){ tmp[j] = arr[j] - average; if(abs(tmp[j])>*m) *m = tmp[j]; } return m; }

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  • C Nested Structure Pointer Problem

    - by Halo
    I have a shared structure, and inside it a request structure: struct shared_data { pthread_mutex_t th_mutex_queue; struct request_queue { int min; int max; char d_name[DIR_SIZE]; pid_t pid; int t_index; } request_queue[BUFSIZE]; int count; int data_buffer_allocation[BUFSIZE]; int data_buffers[BUFSIZE][100]; }; Then I prepare a request; struct shared_data *sdata_ptr; ... ... sdata_ptr->request_queue[index].pid = pid; strcpy(sdata_ptr->request_queue[index].d_name, dir_path_name); sdata_ptr->request_queue[index].min = min; sdata_ptr->request_queue[index].max = max; And the compiler warns me that I'm doing an incompatible implicit declaration in the strcpy function. I guess that's a problem with the pointers, but isn't what I wrote above supposed to be true?

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  • How does one create and use a pointer to an array of an unknown number of structures inside a class?

    - by user1658731
    Sorry for the confusing title... I've been playing around with C++, working on a project to parse a game's (Kerbal Space Program) save file so I can modify it and eventually send it over a network. I'm stuck with storing an unknown number of vessels and crew members, so I need to have an array of unknown size. Is this possible? I figured having a pointer to an array would be the way to go. I have: class SaveFileSystem { string version; string UT; int activeVessel; int numCrew; ??? Crews; // !! int numVessels; ??? Vessels; // !! } Where Crews and Vessels should be arrays of structures: struct Crew { string name; //Other stuff }; struct Vessel { string name; //Stuff }; I'm guessing I should have something like: this->Crews = new ???; this->Vessels = new ???; in my constructor to initialize the arrays, and attempt to access it with: this->Crews[0].name = "Ship Number One"; Does this make any sense??? I'd expect the "???"'s to involve a mess of asterisk's, like "*struct (*)Crews" but I have no real idea. I've got normal pointers down and such, but this is a tad over my head... I'd like to access the structures like in the last snippet, but if C++ doesn't like that I could do pointer arithmetic. I've looked into vectors, but I have an unhealthy obsession with efficiency, and it really pains me how you don't know what's going on behind it.

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  • Mmap and structure

    - by blid..pl
    I'm working some code including communication between processes, using semaphores. I made structure like this: typedef struct container { sem_t resource, mutex; int counter; } container; and use in that way (in main app and the same in subordinate processes) container *memory; shm_unlink("MYSHM"); //just in case fd = shm_open("MYSHM", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0); if(fd == -1) { printf("Error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } memory = mmap(NULL, sizeof(container), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); ftruncate(fd, sizeof(container)); Everything is fine when I use one of the sem_ functions, but when I try to do something like memory->counter = 5; It doesn't work. Probably I got something wrong with pointers, but I tried almost everything and nothing seems to work. Maybe there's a better way to share variables, structures etc between processes ? Unfortunately I'm not allowed to use boost or something similiar, the code is for educational purposes and I'm intentend to keep as simple as it's possible.

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  • Hashtable resizing leaks memory

    - by thpetrus
    I wrote a hashtable and it basically consists of these two structures: typedef struct dictEntry { void *key; void *value; struct dictEntry *next; } dictEntry; typedef struct dict { dictEntry **table; unsigned long size; unsigned long items; } dict; dict.table is a multidimensional array, which contains all the stored key/value pair, which again are a linked list. If half of the hashtable is full, I expand it by doubling the size and rehashing it: dict *_dictRehash(dict *d) { int i; dict *_d; dictEntry *dit; _d = dictCreate(d->size * 2); for (i = 0; i < d->size; i++) { for (dit = d->table[i]; dit != NULL; dit = dit->next) { _dictAddRaw(_d, dit); } } /* FIXME memory leak because the old dict can never be freed */ free(d); // seg fault return _d; } The function above uses the pointers from the old hash table and stores it in the newly created one. When freeing the old dict d a Segmentation Fault occurs. How am I able to free the old hashtable struct without having to allocate the memory for the key/value pairs again?

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  • How to enforce users to create objects of class derived from mine with "new" only?

    - by sharptooth
    To implement reference counting we use an IUnknown-like interface and a smart pointer template class. The interface has implementation for all the reference-count methods, including Release(): void IUnknownLike::Release() { if( --refCount == 0 ) { delete this; } } The smart pointer template class has a copy constructor and an assignment operator both accepting raw pointers. So users can do the following: class Class : public IUnknownLike { }; void someFunction( CSmartPointer<Class> object ); //whatever function Class object; someFunction( &object ); and the program runs into undefined behavior - the object is created with reference count zero, the smart pointer is constructed and bumps it to one, then the function returns, smart pointer is destroyed, calls Release() which leads to delete of a stack-allocated variable. Users can as well do the following: struct COuter { //whatever else; Class inner;// IUnknownLike descendant }; COuter object; somefunction( &object.Inner ); and again an object not created with new is deleted. Undefined behavior at its best. Is there any way to change the IUnknownLike interface so that the user is forced to use new for creating all objects derived from IUnknownLike - both directly derived and indirectly derived (with classes in between the most derived and the base)?

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  • why i^=j^=i^=j isn't equal to *i^=*j^=*i^=*j

    - by klvoek
    In c , when there is variables (assume both as int) i less than j , we can use the equation i^=j^=i^=j to exchange the value of the two variables. For example, let int i = 3, j = 5; after computed i^=j^=i^=j, I got i = 5, j = 3 . What is so amazing to me. But, if i use two int pointers to re-do this , with *i^=*j^=*i^=*j , use the example above what i got will be i = 0 and j = 3. Then, describe it simply: In C 1 int i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this i = 5, j=3 2 int i = 3, j= 5; int *pi = &i, *pj = &j; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj; // after this, $pi = 0, *pj = 5 In JavaScript var i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this, i = 0, j= 3 the result in JavaScript makes this more interesting to me my sample code , on ubuntu server 11.0 & gcc #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int i=7, j=9; int *pi=&i, *pj=&j; i^=j^=i^=j; printf("i=%d j=%d\n", i, j); i=7, j==9; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj printf("i=%d j=%d\n", *pi, *pj); } however, i had spent hours to test and find out why, but nothing means. So, please help me. Or, just only i made some mistake???

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  • Creating a new object destroys an older object with different name in C++

    - by Mikael
    First question here! So, I am having some problems with pointers in Visual C++ 2008. I'm writing a program which will control six cameras and do some processing on them so to clean things up I have created a Camera Manager class. This class handles all operations which will be carried out on all the cameras. Below this is a Camera class which interacts with each individual camera driver and does some basic image processing. Now, the idea is that when the manager is initialised it creates two cameras and adds them to a vector so that I can access them later. The catch here is that when I create the second camera (camera2) the first camera's destructor is called for some reason, which then disconnects the camera. Normally I'd assume that the problem is somewhere in the Camera class, but in this case everything works perfectly as long as I don't create the camera2 object. What's gone wrong? CameraManager.h: #include "stdafx.h" #include <vector> #include "Camera.h" class CameraManager{ std::vector<Camera> cameras; public: CameraManager(); ~CameraManager(); void CaptureAll(); void ShowAll(); }; CameraManager.cpp: #include "stdafx.h" #include "CameraManager.h" CameraManager::CameraManager() { printf("Camera Manager: Initializing\n"); [...] Camera *camera1 = new Camera(NodeInfo,1, -44,0,0); cameras.push_back(*camera1); // Adding the following two lines causes camera1's destructor to be called. Why? Camera *camera2 = new Camera(NodeInfo,0, 44,0,0); cameras.push_back(*camera2); printf("Camera Manager: Ready\n"); }

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  • Split UInt32 (audio frame) into two SInt16s (left and right)?

    - by morgancodes
    Total noob to anything lower-level than Java, diving into iPhone audio, and realing from all of the casting/pointers/raw memory access. I'm working with some example code wich reads a WAV file from disc and returns stereo samples as single UInt32 values. If I understand correctly, this is just a convenient way to return the 32 bits of memory required to create two 16 bit samples. Eventually this data gets written to a buffer, and an audio unit picks it up down the road. Even though the data is written in UInt32-sized chunks, it eventually is interpreted as pairs of 16-bit samples. What I need help with is splitting these UInt32 frames into left and right samples. I'm assuming I'll want to convert each UInt32 into an SInt16, since an audio sample is a signed value. It seems to me that for efficiency's sake, I ought to be able to simply point to the same blocks in memory, and avoid any copying. So, in pseudo-code, it would be something like this: UInt32 myStereoFrame = getFramefromFilePlayer; SInt16* leftChannel = getFirst16Bits(myStereoFrame); SInt16* rightChannel = getSecond16Bits(myStereoFrame); Can anyone help me turn my pseudo into real code?

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  • How can i create an n-dimensional array in c

    - by shortCircuit
    I was thinking of making a function that would accept the size of array as a parameter and create a n dimensional array. My room-mate took the liberty of making it complex. He said lets write a function that takes n parameters and returns an n-dimensional array using those parameters as the dimensions. Now i realize an one-day and d array is easy to implement with pointers. For 2d array the snippet would be something like (standard way) : int** x; int* temp; x = (int**)malloc(m * sizeof(int*)); temp = (int*)malloc(m*n * sizeof(int)); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { x[i] = temp + (i * n); } where the array is of size m*n; But the problem lies how do we find the nested loop parameters for a n-dimensional array? Is there any way to optimize the code?

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  • Interpretation of int (*a)[3]

    - by kapuzineralex
    When working with arrays and pointers in C, one quickly discovers that they are by no means equivalent although it might seem so at a first glance. I know about the differences in L-values and R-values. Still, recently I tried to find out the type of a pointer that I could use in conjunction with a two-dimensional array, i.e. int foo[2][3]; int (*a)[3] = foo; However, I just can't find out how the compiler "understands" the type definition of a in spite of the regular operator precedence rules for * and []. If instead I were to use a typedef, the problem becomes significantly simpler: int foo[2][3]; typedef int my_t[3]; my_t *a = foo; At the bottom line, can someone answer me the questions as to how the term int (*a)[3] is read by the compiler? int a[3] is simple, int *a[3] is simple as well. But then, why is it not int *(a[3])? EDIT: Of course, instead of "typecast" I meant "typedef" (it was just a typo).

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  • Automatically converting an A* into a B*

    - by Xavier Nodet
    Hi, Suppose I'm given a class A. I would like to wrap pointers to it into a small class B, some kind of smart pointer, with the constraint that a B* is automatically converted to an A* so that I don't need to rewrite the code that already uses A*. I would therefore want to modify B so that the following compiles... struct A { void foo() {} }; template <class K> struct B { B(K* k) : _k(k) {} //operator K*() {return _k;} //K* operator->() {return _k;} private: K* _k; }; void doSomething(A*) {} void test() { A a; A* pointer_to_a (&a); B<A> b (pointer_to_a); //b->foo(); // I don't need those two... //doSomething(b); B<A>* pointer_to_b (&b); pointer_to_b->foo(); // 'foo' : is not a member of 'B<K>' doSomething(pointer_to_b); // 'doSomething' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'B<K> *' to 'A *' } Note that B inheriting from A is not an option (instances of A are created in factories out of my control)... Is it possible? Thanks.

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