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  • What functionality does dynamic typing allow?

    - by Justin984
    I've been using python for a few days now and I think I understand the difference between dynamic and static typing. What I don't understand is under what circumstances it would be preferred. It is flexible and readable, but at the expense of more runtime checks and additional required unit testing. Aside from non-functional criteria like flexibility and readability, what reasons are there to choose dynamic typing? What can I do with dynamic typing that isn't possible otherwise? What specific code example can you think of that illustrates a concrete advantage of dynamic typing?

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  • Are there any empirical studies on the effect of different languages on software quality?

    - by jgre
    The proponents of functional programming languages assert that functional programming makes it easier to reason about code. Those in favor of statically typed languages say that their compilers catch enough errors to make up for the additional complexity of type systems. But everything I read on these topics is based on rational argument, not on empirical data. Are there any empirical studies on what effects the different categories of programming languages have on defect rates or other quality metrics? (The answers to this question seem to indicate that there are no such studies, at least not for the dynamic vs. static debate)

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  • puppet variables

    - by Joey Bagodonuts
    I am trying to use variables in my modules manifest.pp with little luck class mysoftware($version="dev-2011.02.04b") { File { links => follow } file { "/opt/mysoftware": ensure => directory } file { "/opt/mysoftware/share": source => "puppet://puppet/mysoftware/air/$version", recurse => "true", } } This does not seem to be working when I assign this to a node via the nodes.pp file. I am running puppetmaster 2.6.4 puppetd clients are 0.25

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  • how do i set c-shell environment variables in tcsh shell script

    - by rambokayambo
    i am trying to set the environment variables in tcsh shell and it is not working. This is the syntax that i am using currently setenv MYSQL_HOME=/opt/mysql/mysql/bin my other question is i have a c-shell script that i am editing. Is setenv the same as a regular set MYSQL=${MYSQL_HOME}/bin/sqlplus? set MYSQL_HOME=/opt/mysql/mysql/bin or should i just set the MYSQL_HOME to where the mysql executable is ?

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  • best practice for last-modified and created dates

    - by drewbenn
    I have a website with a handful (currently 3; I anticipate about a dozen when it's complete) of static html pages. I'd like to include "created" and "last-modified" dates in the pages for the benefit of visitors who arrive a week or a month or a few years from now. I expect anyone who cares to be viewing the source, so I could do: <!-- created yyyy-mm-dd, last-modified yyyy-mm-dd --> but I'd like to use something more standard (and elegant). I've found one reference to last modified (but only a mention in the text, not an actual code reference, so I'm not positive how to properly implement it) but not created. Is there a proper way to display both (or at least one) of these dates?

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  • Rsync with a list of variables

    - by EMKA
    I am trying to write a bash script that will rsync only a specific subset of folders. I am trying to figure out a more slick so that I can just add a variables such as FOLDER1='name of folder in home directory' and then rsync -arvz --delete /home/emka/$FOLDER1/ /home/emka/Desktop/Mount/$FOLDER1 Currently I have FOLDER1 through FOLDER13, but I do not want to have the above line thirteen times. Could someone give me a push on how to do this?

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  • An Object reference is required for the non-static field

    - by Muhammad Akhtar
    I have make my existing method to static method to get access in javascript, like.. [WebMethod(EnableSession = true), ScriptMethod()] public static void Build(String ID) { Control releaseControl = LoadControl("~/Controls/MyControl.ascx"); //An Object reference is required for the non-static field, mthod or property // 'System.Web.UI.TemplateControl.LoadControl(string)' plc.Controls.Add(releaseControl); // where plc is place holder control //object reference is required for the nonstatic field, method, or property '_Default.pl' } When I build I am getting error and I have posted these in comments below each line before converted it to static method, it working perfectly. Please suggest me the solution of my issue. Thanks

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  • Static factory pattern with EJB3/JBoss

    - by purecharger
    I'm fairly new to EJBs and full blown application servers like JBoss, having written and worked with special purpose standalone Java applications for most of my career, with limited use of JEE. I'm wondering about the best way to adapt a commonly used design pattern to EJB3 and JBoss: the static factory pattern. In fact this is Item #1 in Joshua Bloch's Effective Java book (2nd edition) I'm currently working with the following factory: public class CredentialsProcessorFactory { private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(CredentialsProcessorFactory.class); private static Map<CredentialsType, CredentialsProcessor> PROCESSORS = new HashMap<CredentialsType, CredentialsProcessor>(); static { PROCESSORS.put(CredentialsType.CSV, new CSVCredentialsProcessor()); } private CredentialsProcessorFactory() {} public static CredentialsProcessor getProcessor(CredentialsType type) { CredentialsProcessor p = PROCESSORS.get(type); if(p == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("No CredentialsProcessor registered for type " + type.toString()); return p; } However, in the implementation classes of CredentialsProcessor, I require injected resources such as a PersistenceContext, so I have made the CredentialsProcessor interface a @Local interface, and each of the impl's marked with @Stateless. Now I can look them up in JNDI and use the injected resources. But now I have a disconnect because I am not using the factory anymore. My first thought was to change the getProcessor(CredentialsType) method to do a JNDI lookup and return the SLSB instance that is required, but then I need to configure and pass the proper qualified JNDI name. Before I go down that path, I wanted to do more research on accepted practices. How is this design pattern treated in EJB3 / JEE?

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  • Can't define static abstract string property

    - by goombaloon
    I've run into an interesting problem and am looking for some suggestions on how best to handle this... I have an abstract class that contains a static method that accepts a static string that I would like to define as an abstract property. Problem is that C# doesn't doesn't support the following (see the ConfigurationSectionName and Current properties): public abstract class ProviderConfiguration : ConfigurationSection { private const string _defaultProviderPropertyName = "defaultProvider"; private const string _providersPropertyName = "providers"; protected static string ConfigurationSectionName { get; } public static Configuration Current { get { return Configuration)ConfigurationManager.GetSection(ConfigurationSectionName); } } } I suppose one way to handle this would be to make ConfigurationSectionName NOT abstract and then create a new definition of ConfigurationSectionName in the derived classes, but that feels pretty hackish. Any suggestions would be most welcome. Gratias!!!

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  • Java (Tomcat): how to configure a cookieless subdomain to serve static content

    - by Webinator
    One of the tip given by both Google and Yahoo! to speed up webpages loading is to configure a cookieless subdomain to server static content. How do you configure a "cookieless subdomain" using Tomcat in standalone mode (this question is not about how to use Apache to serve static content in a cookieless-way, but about how to do it in Tomcat-standalone mode)? Note that I don't care about filters supporting If-Modified-Since nor care about filters supporting gzipping: the static content I'm serving is forever cacheable (or its name will change) and it is already compressed data (so gzip would only slow down the transfer). Do I need two different Tomcat webapps? (one "cookiefull" and one "cookieless") Do I need two different servlets? (as of now I've got only one dispatcher/controller servlet). Why would a "regular" link to, say, a static image be called in a cookiefull way when it would be on the same domain as the main webapp and then be called in a "cookie-less" way when it is on a subdomain? I don't understand exactly what is going on: is it the browser that decides to append or not cookies to the query? If so, why would it not append the cookies to a static query on a "cookieless" subdomain. Any example as to what is going on behind the scene is most welcome :)

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  • PowerMock Mockito static methods

    - by anergy
    Do we need to mock all static methods of a class when using PowerMock (with Mockito)? I mean, suppose we have: class MockMe { public static MockMe getInstance(){ //return new Instance via complex process; } public static List<X> anotherStaticMethod(){ // does xyz } } My question, if I need to mock getInstance method, is it necessary to mock "anotherStaticMethod" as well? PowerMock version:1.3, Mockito version:1.8

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  • defining asmx webservice class objects as static

    - by Usama Khalil
    Hi, is it better to declare Webservice class object instances as static as the .asmx webservice classes have only static methods. what i want is that i declare and instantiate webservice asmx class as static in aspx Page Behind Class. and on every event call on that page i could perform operation against webservice methods. is it beneficial in terms of performance? Thanks Usama

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  • C# Generic Static Constructor

    - by Seattle Leonard
    Will a static constructor on a generic class be run for every type you pass into the generic parameter such as this: class SomeGenericClass<T> { static List<T> _someList; static SomeGenericClass() { _someList = new List<T>(); } } Are there any draw backs to using this approach?

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  • Using singleton instead of a global static instance

    - by Farstucker
    I ran into a problem today and a friend recommended I use a global static instance or more elegantly a singleton pattern. I spent a few hours reading about singletons but a few things still escape me. Background: What Im trying to accomplish is creating an instance of an API and use this one instance in all my classes (as opposed to making a new connection, etc). There seems to be about 100 ways of creating a singleton but with some help from yoda I found some thread safe examples. ..so given the following code: public sealed class Singleton { public static Singleton Instance { get; private set; } private Singleton() { APIClass api = new APIClass(); //Can this be done? } static Singleton() { Instance = new Singleton(); } } How/Where would you instantiate the this new class and how should it be called from a separate class? EDIT: I realize the Singleton class can be called with something like Singleton obj1 = Singleton.Instance(); but would I be able to access the methods within the APIs Class (ie. obj1.Start)? (not that I need to, just asking) EDIT #2: I might have been a bit premature in checking the answer but I do have one small thing that is still causing me problems. The API is launching just fine, unfortunately Im able to launch two instances? New Code public sealed class SingletonAPI { public static SingletonAPI Instance { get; private set; } private SingletonAPI() {} static SingletonAPI() { Instance = new SingletonAPI(); } // API method: public void Start() { API myAPI = new API();} } but if I try to do something like this... SingletonAPI api = SingletonAPI.Instance; api.Start(); SingletonAPI api2 = SingletonAPI.Instance; // This was just for testing. api2.Start(); I get an error saying that I cannot start more than one instance.

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  • Ruby on Rails - Static page as start page

    - by meetraghu28
    Hello! I am developing an app in RoR which has static and dynamic parts. The static portion is placed in the public/ folder of the app. Now if i have an index.html in my public folder then i will not be able to use the routes configured in my routes.rb The default configurations like map.connect /:controller/:action will not be usable if i have an index.html. So i removed the index html. Now i have a static page startpage.html in my public/ folder which has to be the starting page of the app. And the i have links in it for other static/dynamic pages. The RoR app is hosted in apache and i tried to configure the Virtual Host configuration by adding the DirectoryIndex param so that when ever a request comes for the site it will direct it to the startpage.html but still it takes me to the default controller that i have specified in routes.rb with map.root I dont want to add a dummy controller and action and create a view which has the startpage and configure routes.rb to use it as the root. What i am looking to do here is Basically startpage.html should be my first page in the app served as a static page from the public/ folder. This will then have links to other pages and controllers/actions Here i am not able to apache to redirect to the html page instead of passing on the control to rails application. Directory listing is also enabled by using Options Indexes but still no change. Any pointers anyone?

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  • Java: Cipher package (encrypt and decrypt). invalid key error

    - by noinflection
    Hello folks, i am doing a class with static methods to encrypt and decrypt a message using javax.crypto. I have 2 static methods that use ecipher and dcipher in order to do what they are supossed to do i need to initialize some variables (which are static also). But when i try to use it i get InvalidKeyException with the parameters i give to ecipher.init(...). I can't find why. Here is the code: private static byte[] raw = {-31, 17, 7, -34, 59, -61, -60, -16, 26, 87, -35, 114, 0, -53, 99, -116, -82, -122, 68, 47, -3, -17, -21, -82, -50, 126, 119, -106, -119, -5, 109, 98}; private static SecretKeySpec skeySpec; private static Cipher ecipher; private static Cipher dcipher; static { try { skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES"); // Instantiate the cipher ecipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); dcipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); ecipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); dcipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { throw new UnhandledException("No existe el algoritmo deseado", e); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) { throw new UnhandledException("No existe el padding deseado", e); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) { throw new UnhandledException("Clave invalida", e); } }

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  • Java Static Methods

    - by KP65
    Hello, I am wondering when to use static methods? Say If i have a class with a few getters and setters, a method or two, and i want those methods only to be invokable on an instance object of the class. Does this mean i should use a static method? e.g Obj x = new Obj(); x.someMethod or Obj.someMethod (is this the static way?) I'm rather confused!

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  • C# 4.0: casting dynamic to static

    - by Kevin Won
    This is an offshoot question that's related to another I asked here. I'm splitting it off because it's really a sub-question: I'm having difficulties casting an object of type dynamic to another (known) static type. I have an ironPython script that is doing this: import clr clr.AddReference("System") from System import * def GetBclUri(): return Uri("http://google.com") note that it's simply newing up a BCL System.Uri type and returning it. So I know the static type of the returned object. now over in C# land, I'm newing up the script hosting stuff and calling this getter to return the Uri object: dynamic uri = scriptEngine.GetBclUri(); System.Uri u = uri as System.Uri; // casts the dynamic to static fine Works no problem. I now can use the strongly typed Uri object as if it was originally instantiated statically. however.... Now I want to define my own C# class that will be newed up in dynamic-land just like I did with the Uri. My simple C# class: namespace Entity { public class TestPy // stupid simple test class of my own { public string DoSomething(string something) { return something; } } } Now in Python, new up an object of this type and return it: sys.path.append(r'C:..path here...') clr.AddReferenceToFile("entity.dll") import Entity.TestPy def GetTest(): return Entity.TestPy(); // the C# class then in C# call the getter: dynamic test = scriptEngine.GetTest(); Entity.TestPy t = test as Entity.TestPy; // t==null!!! here, the cast does not work. Note that the 'test' object (dynamic) is valid--I can call the DoSomething()--it just won't cast to the known static type string s = test.DoSomething("asdf"); // dynamic object works fine so I'm perplexed. the BCL type System.Uri will cast from a dynamic type to the correct static one, but my own type won't. There's obviously something I'm not getting about this...

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  • Why aren't static const floats allowed?

    - by Jon Cage
    I have a class which is essentially just holds a bunch of constant definitions used through my application. For some reason though, longs compile but floats do not: class MY_CONSTS { public : static const long LONG_CONST = 1; // Compiles static const float FLOAT_CONST = 0.001f; // C2864 }; Gives the following error: 1>c:\projects\myproject\Constant_definitions.h(71) : error C2864: 'MY_CONSTS::FLOAT_CONST' : only static const integral data members can be initialized within a class Am I missing something?

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  • Calling method on category included from iPhone static library causes NSInvalidArgumentException

    - by Corey Floyd
    I have created a static library to house some of my code like categories. I have a category for UIViews in "UIView-Extensions.h" named Extensions. In this category I have a method called: - (void)fadeOutWithDelay:(CGFloat)delay duration:(CGFloat)duration; Calling this method works fine on the simulator on Debug configuration. However, if try to run the app on the device I get a NSInvalidArgumentException: [UIView fadeOutWithDelay:duration:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1912b0 *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '*** -[UIView fadeOutWithDelay:duration:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1912b0 It seems for some reason UIView-Extensions.h is not being included in the device builds. What I have checked/tried I did try to include another category for NSString, and had the same issue. Other files, like whole classes and functions work fine. It is an issue that only happens with categories. I did a clean all targets, which did not fix the problem. I checked the static library project, the categories are included in the target's "copy headers" and "compile sources" groups. The static library is included in the main projects "link binary with library" group. Another project I have added the static library to works just fine. I deleted and re-added the static library with no luck -ObjC linker flag is set Any ideas? nm output libFJSCodeDebug.a(UIView-Extensions.o): 000004d4 t -[UIView(Extensions) changeColor:withDelay:duration:] 00000000 t -[UIView(Extensions) fadeInWithDelay:duration:] 000000dc t -[UIView(Extensions) fadeOutWithDelay:duration:] 00000abc t -[UIView(Extensions) firstResponder] 000006b0 t -[UIView(Extensions) hasSubviewOfClass:] 00000870 t -[UIView(Extensions) hasSubviewOfClass:thatContainsPoint:] 000005cc t -[UIView(Extensions) rotate:] 000002d8 t -[UIView(Extensions) shrinkToSize:withDelay:duration:] 000001b8 t -[UIView(Extensions) translateToFrame:delay:duration:] U _CGAffineTransformRotate 000004a8 t _CGPointMake U _CGRectContainsPoint U _NSLog U _OBJC_CLASS_$_UIColor U _OBJC_CLASS_$_UIView U ___CFConstantStringClassReference U ___addsf3vfp U ___divdf3vfp U ___divsf3vfp U ___extendsfdf2vfp U ___muldf3vfp U ___truncdfsf2vfp U _objc_enumerationMutation U _objc_msgSend U _objc_msgSend_stret U dyld_stub_binding_helper

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  • Issue with deserialization of a static property in .Net

    - by Punit Singhi
    I have a class called Test which has four public properties and one of them is static. the problem is after deserialization the static property contains null value. i have debugged the code and found that at server side it contains the value which is a collection , but at client side it becomes null after deserialization. i know static members doesn't serialize and deserialize so obviously it should contain the value.

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  • NullPointerException with static variables

    - by tomekK
    I just hit very strange (to me) behaviour of java. I have following classes: public abstract class Unit { public static final Unit KM = KMUnit.INSTANCE; public static final Unit METERS = MeterUnit.INSTANCE; protected Unit() { } public abstract double getValueInUnit(double value, Unit unit); protected abstract double getValueInMeters(double value); } And: public class KMUnit extends Unit { public static final Unit INSTANCE = new KMUnit(); private KMUnit() { } //here are abstract methods overriden } public class MeterUnit extends Unit { public static final Unit INSTANCE = new MeterUnit(); private MeterUnit() { } ///abstract methods overriden } And my test case: public class TestMetricUnits extends TestCase { @Test public void testConversion() { System.out.println("Unit.METERS: " + Unit.METERS); System.out.println("Unit.KM: " + Unit.KM); double meters = Unit.KM.getValueInUnit(102.11, Unit.METERS); assertEquals(0.10211, meters, 0.00001); } } 1) MKUnit and MeterUnit are both singletons initialized statically, so during class loading. Constructors are private, so they can't be initialized anywhere else. 2) Unit class contains static final references to MKUnit.INSTANCE and MeterUnit.INSTANCE I would expect that: KMUnit class is loaded and instance is created. MeterUnit class is loaded and instance is created. Unit class is loaded and both KM and METERS variable are initialized, they are final so they cant be changed. But when I run my test case in console with maven my result is: T E S T S Running de.audi.echargingstations.tests.TestMetricUnits Unit.METERS: m Unit.KM: null Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.089 sec <<< FAILURE! - in de.audi.echargingstations.tests.TestMetricUnits testConversion(de.audi.echargingstations.tests.TestMetricUnits) Time elapsed: 0.011 sec <<< ERROR! java.lang.NullPointerException: null at de.audi.echargingstations.tests.TestMetricUnits.testConversion(TestMetricUnits.java:29) Results : Tests in error: TestMetricUnits.testConversion:29 NullPointer And the funny part is that, when I run this test from eclipse via JUnit runner everything is fine, I have no NullPointerException and in console I have: Unit.METERS: m Unit.KM: km So the question is: what can be the reason that KM variable in Unit is null (and in the same time METERS is not null)

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  • Initialize a static member ( an array) in C++

    - by Jimmy zhang
    I intended to create a class which only have static members and static functions. One of the member variable is an array. Would it be possible to initialize it without using constructors? I am having lots of linking errors right now... Class A{ public: static char a[128]; static void do_something(); } How would you initialize a[128]? Why can't I initialize a[128] by directly specifying its value like in C? a[128={1,2,3,...};

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