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• C# Adds Optional and Named Arguments

  Earlier this month Microsoft released Visual Studio 2010, the .NET Framework 4.0 (which includes ASP.NET 4.0), and new versions of their core programming languages: C# 4.0 and Visual Basic 10. In designing the latest versions of C# and VB, Microsoft has worked to bring the two languages into closer parity. Certain features available in C# were missing in VB, and vice-a-versa. Last week I wrote about Visual Basic 2010's language enhancements, which include implicit line continuation, auto-implemented properties, and collection initializers - three useful features that were available in previous versions of C#. Similarly, C# 4.0 introduces new features to the C# programming language that were available in earlier versions of Visual Basic, namely optional arguments and named arguments. Optional arguments allow developers to specify default values for one or more arguments to a method. When calling such a method, these optional arguments may be omitted, in which case their default value is used. In a nutshell, optional arguments allow for a more terse syntax for method overloading. Named arguments, on the other hand, improve readability by allowing developers to indicate the name of an argument (along with its value) when calling a method. This article examines how to use optional arguments and named arguments in C# 4.0. Read on to learn more! Read More >Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Suggestions for a CMS markup language for PHP

  - by Yanick Rochon

  As a learning experience, and as project, I am attempting to write a CMS module for ZF2. One of the functionality I would like to have is the possibility of adding dynamic contents in the pages by calling PHP functions in the view scripts. However, I do not want to give the users freedom in writing PHP code directly inside the page content, but rather implement custom view helpers (or widgets) to handle logic. For example: calling partial, partialLoop, url, etc. specifying arguments and all. I liked the idea of extending Markdown but this would get complicated when trying to add custom CSS class to elements, etc. Then I had the idea of simply doing a preg_replace on some patterns. For example, the string : ### partialLoop:['partials/display.phtml',[{id:'p1',price:4.99},{id:'p2',price:12.34}]] ### would be replaced by <?php echo $this->partialLoop('partials/display.phtml', array(array('id'=>'p1','price'=>4.99),array('id'=>'p2','price'=>12.34))) ?> Obviously, there would be some caching done so the page content is not rendered everytime. Does this sound good? If not, what would be a good way of doing this? Or is there a project already being developed for doing this? (I'd like to avoid heavy third party libs and something fairly or fully compatible with ZF2 would be nice.) Thanks.

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• null pointers vs. Null Object Pattern

  - by GlenH7

  Attribution: This grew out of a related P.SE question My background is in C / C++, but I have worked a fair amount in Java and am currently coding C#. Because of my C background, checking passed and returned pointers is second-hand, but I acknowledge it biases my point of view. I recently saw mention of the Null Object Pattern where the idea is than an object is always returned. Normal case returns the expected, populated object and the error case returns empty object instead of a null pointer. The premise being that the calling function will always have some sort of object to access and therefore avoid null access memory violations. So what are the pros / cons of a null check versus using the Null Object Pattern? I can see cleaner calling code with the NOP, but I can also see where it would create hidden failures that don't otherwise get raised. I would rather have my application fail hard (aka an exception) while I'm developing it than have a silent mistake escape into the wild. Can't the Null Object Pattern have similar problems as not performing a null check? Many of the objects I have worked with hold objects or containers of their own. It seems like I would have to have a special case to guarantee all of the main object's containers had empty objects of their own. Seems like this could get ugly with multiple layers of nesting.

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• What is the best practice for when to check if something needs to be done?

  - by changokun

  Let's say I have a function that does x. I pass it a variable, and if the variable is not null, it does some action. And I have an array of variables and I'm going to run this function on each one. Inside the function, it seems like a good practice is to check if the argument is null before proceeding. A null argument is not an error, it just causes an early return. I could loop through the array and pass each value to the function, and the function will work great. Is there any value to checking if the var is null and only calling the function if it is not null during the loop? This doubles up on the checking for null, but: Is there any gained value? Is there any gain on not calling a function? Any readability gain on the loop in the parent code? For the sake of my question, let's assume that checking for null will always be the case. I can see how checking for some object property might change over time, which makes the first check a bad idea. Pseudo code example: for(thing in array) { x(thing) } Versus: for(thing in array) { if(thing not null) x(thing) } If there are language-specific concerns, I'm a web developer working in PHP and JavaScript.

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• Naming a class that decides to retrieve things from cache or a service + architecture evaluation

  - by Thomas Stock

  Hi, I'm a junior developer and I'm working on a pet project that I want to learn as much as possible from. I have the following scenario: There's a WCF service that I use to retrieve and update data, lets say Cars. So it's called CarWCFService and has a GetCars(), SaveCar(), ... . It implements interface ICarService. This isn't the Actual WCF service but more like a wrapper around it. Upon retrieving data from the service, I want to store them in local memory, as cache. I have made a class for this called CarCacheService which also implements interface ICarService. (I will explain later why it implements ICarService) I don't want client code to be calling these implementations. Instead, I want to create a third implementation for ICarService that tries to read from the CarCacheService before calling the WCFCarService, stores retrieved data in the CarCacheService, etc. 3 questions: How do I name this third class? I was thinking about something as simple as CarService. This does not really says what the service does exactly, tho. Is the naming for the other classes good? Would this naming and architecture be obvious for future programmers? This is my biggest concern. Does this architecture make sense? The reason that I implement ICarService on the CarCacheService is mainly because it allows me to fake the WCFService while debugging. I can store dummy data in a CarCacheService instance and pass it to the CarService, together with an(other) empty CarCacheService. If I made CacheCarService and WCFService public I could let client code decide if they want to drop the caching and just work directly on the WCFService.

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• Is shipping a Clojure desktop app realistic?

  - by Cedric Martin

  I'm currently shipping a desktop Java application. It is a plain old Java 5 Java / Swing app and so far everything worked nicely. Java 5 was targetted because some users were on OS X version / computers that shall never have Java 6 (we may lift this limitation soon and switch to a newer Java and simply abandoning my users stuck with Java 5). I'm quickly getting up to speed with Clojure but I haven't really done lots of Clojure-to-Java and Java-to-Clojure yet and I was wondering if it was realistic to ship a Clojure desktop application instead of a Java application? The application I'm shipping is currently about 12 MB with all the .jar so adding Clojure doesn't seen to be too much of an issue. My plan would be to have Clojure call Java APIs: my application is already divided in several independent jars. If I understand correctly calling Clojure from Java is harder than calling Java code from Clojure which is why I'd basically rewrite all the UI (part of the UI, mixing Swing components and self-made BufferedImages needs to be rewritten anyway due to the rise of retina display), and do all the 'wiring' from Clojure. So that's the problem I'm facing: is it realistic to ship a Clojure desktop app? (it certainly doesn't seem to be very widespread but then shipping plain Java desktop apps ain't that common either and I'm doing it anyway) Technically, what would need to be done? (compared to shipping a Java app)

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• Is this method pure?

  - by Thomas Levesque

  I have the following extension method: public static IEnumerable<T> Apply<T>( [NotNull] this IEnumerable<T> source, [NotNull] Action<T> action) where T : class { source.CheckArgumentNull("source"); action.CheckArgumentNull("action"); return source.ApplyIterator(action); } private static IEnumerable<T> ApplyIterator<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Action<T> action) where T : class { foreach (var item in source) { action(item); yield return item; } } It just applies an action to each item of the sequence before returning it. I was wondering if I should apply the Pure attribute (from Resharper annotations) to this method, and I can see arguments for and against it. Pros: strictly speaking, it is pure; just calling it on a sequence doesn't alter the sequence (it returns a new sequence) or make any observable state change calling it without using the result is clearly a mistake, since it has no effect unless the sequence is enumerated, so I'd like Resharper to warn me if I do that. Cons: even though the Apply method itself is pure, enumerating the resulting sequence will make observable state changes (which is the point of the method). For instance, items.Apply(i => i.Count++) will change the values of the items every time it's enumerated. So applying the Pure attribute is probably misleading... What do you think? Should I apply the attribute or not?

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• Rendering Text with the HTML5 Canvas

  - by dwahlin

  In a previous post I walked through the fundamentals of rendering shapes such as squares and circles using the HTML5 Canvas API. In this post I’ll provide a simple example of rendering and rotating text. To render text you can use the fillText() or strokeText() functions which take the text to render as well as the x and y coordinates of where to render it. To rotate text you can use the transform functions available with the HTML5 Canvas such as save(), rotate(), and restore(). To run the live demos that follow click the Result tab in the blue bar of each demo.   Rendering Text This example provides a simple look at how text can be rendered using the HTML5 Canvas. It iterates through a loop, updates the text and font size dynamically, measures the width of the text using the measureText() function, and then calls fillText() to render the text with the desired font size to the screen.   Here’s what the code above renders:   Rotating Text This example shows how text can be rendered and even rotated by using transform functions built into the HTML5 Canvas. The code starts by rendering text the standard way using fillText(). It then saves the state of the canvas performs an x,y coordinate transform (moves to 100, 300 respectively) and then rotates the canvas –90 degrees using the rotate() function. After the text is rendered, the canvas is reverted back to it’s existing state (saved by calling the save() function) by calling the restore() function. An additional line of text is then rendered.   Here’s what the code above renders:   If you’re interested in learning more about the HTML5 Canvas and how it can be used in your Web or Windows 8 applications, check out my HTML5 Canvas Fundamentals course from Pluralsight.

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• New way of integrating Openfeint in Cocos2d-x 0.12.0

  - by Ef Es

  I am trying to implement OpenFeint for Android in my cocos2d-x project. My approach so far has been creating a button that calls a static java method in class Bridge using jnihelper functions (jnihelper only accepts statics). Bridge has one singleton attribute of type OFAndroid, that is the class dynamically calling the Openfeint Api methods, and every method in the bridge just forwards it to the OFAndroid object. What I am trying to do now is to initialize the openfeint libraries in the main java class that is the one calling the static C++ libraries. My problem right now is that the initializing function void com.openfeint.api.OpenFeint.initialize(Context ctx, OpenFeintSettings settings, OpenFeintDelegate delegate) is not accepting the context parameter that I am giving him, which is a "this" reference to the main class. Main class extends from Cocos2dxActivity but I don't have any other that extends from Application. Any suggestions on fixing it or how to improve the architecture? EDIT: I am trying a new solution. Make the bridge class into an Application child, is called from Main object, initializes OpenFeint when created and it can call the OpenFeint functions instead of needing an additional class. The problem is I still get the error. 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.content.ContextWrapper.getPackageManager(ContextWrapper.java:85) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.validateManifest(OpenFeintInternal.java:885) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.initializeWithoutLoggingIn(OpenFeintInternal.java:829) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.initialize(OpenFeintInternal.java:852) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.api.OpenFeint.initialize(OpenFeint.java:47) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at nurogames.fastfish.NuroFeint.onCreate(NuroFeint.java:23) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at nurogames.fastfish.FastFish.onCreate(FastFish.java:47) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1069) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2751)

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• Dynamic endpoint binding in Oracle SOA Suite by Cattle Crew

  - by JuergenKress

  Why is dynamic endpoint binding needed? Sometimes a BPEL process instance has to determine at run-time which implementation of a web service interface is to be called. We’ll show you how to achieve that using dynamic endpoint binding. Let’s imagine the following scenario: we’re running a car rental agency called RYLC (Rent Your Legacy Car) which operates different locations. The process of renting a car is basically identical for all locations except for the determination which cars are currently available. This is depicted in the following diagram: There are three different implementations of the GetAvailableCars service. But how can we achieve calling them dynamically at run-time using Oracle SOA Suite? How to dynamically set the service endpoint There are just a couple of implementation steps we need to perform to enable dynamic endpoint binding: create a new SOA project in JDeveloper add a CarRental BPEL process add an external reference to the GetAvailableCars service within the composite create a DVM file containing the URI’s by which the services for the different locations can be accessed set the endpointURI property on the Invoke component calling the GetAvailableCars service (value is taken from the DVM file) Read the complete article here. SOA & BPM Partner Community For regular information on Oracle SOA Suite become a member in the SOA & BPM Partner Community for registration please visit www.oracle.com/goto/emea/soa (OPN account required) If you need support with your account please contact the Oracle Partner Business Center. Blog Twitter LinkedIn Facebook Wiki Technorati Tags: Cattle crew,SOA binding,SOA Community,Oracle SOA,Oracle BPM,Community,OPN,Jürgen Kress

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• Mutating Programming Language?

  - by MattiasK

  For fun I was thinking about how one could build a programming language that differs from OOP and came up with this concept. I don't have a strong foundation in computer science so it might be common place without me knowing it (more likely it's just a stupid idea :) I apologize in advance for this somewhat rambling question :) Anyways here goes: In normal OOP methods and classes are variant only upon parameters, meaning if two different classes/methods call the same method they get the same output. My, perhaps crazy idea, is that the calling method and class could be an "invisible" part of it's signature and the response could vary depending on who call's an method. Say that we have a Window object with a Break() method, now anyone (who has access) could call this method on Window with the same result. Now say that we have two different objects, Hammer and SledgeHammer. If Break need to produce different results based on these we'd pass them as parameters Break(IBluntObject bluntObject) With a mutating programming language (mpl) the operating objects on the method would be visible to the Break Method without begin explicitly defined and it could adopt itself based on them). So if SledgeHammer calls Window.Break() it would generate vastly different results than if Hammer did so. If OOP classes are black boxes then MPL are black boxes that knows who's (trying) to push it's buttons and can adapt accordingly. You could also have different permission sets on methods depending who's calling them rather than having absolute permissions like public and private. Does this have any advantage over OOP? Or perhaps I should say, would it add anything to it since you should be able to simply add this aspect to methods (just give access to a CallingMethod and CallingClass variable in context) I'm not sure, might be to hard to wrap one's head around, it would be kinda interesting to have classes that adopted themselves to who uses them though. Still it's an interesting concept, what do you think, is it viable?

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• How to define type-specific scripts when using a 'type object' programming pattern?

  - by Erik

  I am in the process of creating a game engine written in C++, using the C/C++ SQLite interface to achieve a 'type object' pattern. The process is largely similar to what is outlined here (Thank you Bob Nystrom for the great resource!). I have a generally defined Entity class that when a new object is created, data is taken from a SQLite database and then is pushed back into a pointer vector, which is then iterated through, calling update() for each object. All the ints, floats, strings are loaded in fine, but the script() member of Entity is proving an issue. It's not much fun having a bunch of stationary objects laying around my gameworld. The only solutions I've come up with so far are: Create a monolithic EntityScript class with member functions encompassing all game AI and then calling the corresponding script when iterating through the Entity vector. (Not ideal) Create bindings between C++ and a scripting language. This would seem to get the job done, but it feels like implementing this (given the potential memory overhead) and learning a new language is overkill for a small team (2-3 people) that know the entirety of the existing game engine. Can you suggest any possible alternatives? My ideal situation would be that to add content to the game, one would simply add a script file to the appropriate directory and append the SQLite database with all the object data. All that is required is to have a variety of integers and floats passed between both the engine and the script file.

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• MyMessageBox for Phone and Store apps

  - by Daniel Moth

  I am sharing a class I use for both my Windows Phone 8 and Windows Store app projects. Background and my requirements For my Windows Phone 7 projects two years ago I wrote an improved custom MessageBox class that preserves the well-known MessageBox interface while offering several advantages. I documented those and shared it for Windows Phone 7 here: Guide.BeginShowMessageBox wrapper. Aside: With Windows Phone 8 we can now use the async/await feature out of the box without taking a dependency on additional/separate pre-release software. As I try to share code between my existing Windows Phone 8 projects and my new Windows Store app projects, I wanted to preserve the calling code, so I decided to wrap the WinRT MessageDialog class in a custom class to present the same MessageBox interface to my codebase. BUT. The MessageDialog class has to be called with the await keyword preceding it (which as we know is viral) which means all my calling code will also have to use await. Which in turn means that I have to change my MessageBox wrapper to present the same interface to the shared codebase and be callable with await… for both Windows Phone projects and Windows Store app projects. Solution The solution is what the requirements above outlined: a single code file with a MessageBox class that you can drop in your project, regardless of whether it targets Windows Phone 8, or Windows 8 Store apps or both. Just call any of its static Show functions using await and dependent on the overload check the return type to see which button the user chose.// example from http://www.danielmoth.com/Blog/GuideBeginShowMessageBox-Wrapper.aspx if (await MyMessageBox.Show("my message", "my caption", "ok, got it", "that sucks") == MyMessageBoxResult.Button1) { // Do something Debug.WriteLine("OK"); } The class can be downloaded from the bottom of my older blog post. Comments about this post by Daniel Moth welcome at the original blog.

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• Deleting a row from self-referencing table

  - by Jake Rutherford

  Came across this the other day and thought “this would be a great interview question!” I’d created a table with a self-referencing foreign key. The application was calling a stored procedure I’d created to delete a row which caused but of course…a foreign key exception. You may say “why not just use a the cascade delete option?” Good question, easy answer. With a typical foreign key relationship between different tables which would work. However, even SQL Server cannot do a cascade delete of a row on a table with self-referencing foreign key. So, what do you do?…… In my case I re-wrote the stored procedure to take advantage of recursion:   -- recursively deletes a Foo ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_DeleteFoo]      @ID int     ,@Debug bit = 0    AS     SET NOCOUNT ON;     BEGIN TRANSACTION     BEGIN TRY         DECLARE @ChildFoos TABLE         (             ID int         )                 DECLARE @ChildFooID int                        INSERT INTO @ChildFoos         SELECT ID FROM Foo WHERE ParentFooID = @ID                 WHILE EXISTS (SELECT ID FROM @ChildFoos)         BEGIN             SELECT TOP 1                 @ChildFooID = ID             FROM                 @ChildFoos                             DELETE FROM @ChildFoos WHERE ID = @ChildFooID                         EXEC usp_DeleteFoo @ChildFooID         END                                    DELETE FROM dbo.[Foo]         WHERE [ID] = @ID                 IF @Debug = 1 PRINT 'DEBUG:usp_DeleteFoo, deleted - ID: ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @ID)         COMMIT TRANSACTION     END TRY     BEGIN CATCH         ROLLBACK TRANSACTION         DECLARE @ErrorMessage VARCHAR(4000), @ErrorSeverity INT, @ErrorState INT         SELECT @ErrorMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE(), @ErrorSeverity = ERROR_SEVERITY(), @ErrorState = ERROR_STATE()         IF @ErrorState <= 0 SET @ErrorState = 1         INSERT INTO ErrorLog(ErrorNumber,ErrorSeverity,ErrorState,ErrorProcedure,ErrorLine,ErrorMessage)         VALUES(ERROR_NUMBER(), @ErrorSeverity, @ErrorState, ERROR_PROCEDURE(), ERROR_LINE(), @ErrorMessage)         RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage, @ErrorSeverity, @ErrorState)     END CATCH   This procedure will first determine any rows which have the row we wish to delete as it’s parent. It then simply iterates each child row calling the procedure recursively in order to delete all ancestors before eventually deleting the row we wish to delete.

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• Is using multiple canvas objects a good practice?

  - by user1818924

  We're developing a jump and run game with HTML5 and JavaScript and have to build an own game framework for this. Here we have some difficulties and would like to ask you for some advice: We have a "Stage" object, which represents the root of our game and is a global div-wrapper. The stage can contain multiple "Scenes", which are also div-elements. We would implement a Scene for the playing task, for pause, etc. and switch between them. Each scene can therefore contain multiple "Layers", representing a canvas. These Layer contain "ObjectEntities", which represent images or other shapes like rectangles, etc. Each Objectentity has its own temporaryCanvas, to be able to draw images for one entity, whereas another contains a rectangle. We set an activeScene in our Stage, so when the game is played, just the active scene is drawn. Calling activeScene.draw(), calls all sublayers to draw, which draw their entities (calling drawImage(entity.canvas)). But is this some kind of good practice? Having multiple canvas to draw? Each game loop every layer-context is cleared and drawn again. E.g. we just have a still Background-Layer, … wouldn't it be more useful to draw this once and not to clear it every time and redraw it? Or should we use a global canvas for example in the Stage and just use this canvas to draw? But we thought this would be to expensive...

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• My WiFi gets deauthenticated every few minutes or seconds (Reason: 7)

  - by dan

  My Wifi on my new Thinkpad W520 running Natty keeps dropping out and coming back on. Output from dmesg below. Any advice? [30493.687552] wlan0: authenticate with e0:91:f5:ef:7b:b2 (try 1) [30493.689127] wlan0: authenticated [30493.689144] wlan0: associate with e0:91:f5:ef:7b:b2 (try 1) [30493.693592] wlan0: RX AssocResp from e0:91:f5:ef:7b:b2 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=4) [30493.693595] wlan0: associated [31631.172868] wlan0: deauthenticated from e0:91:f5:ef:7b:b2 (Reason: 7) [31631.211847] cfg80211: All devices are disconnected, going to restore regulatory settings [31631.211868] cfg80211: Restoring regulatory settings [31631.211873] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain [31631.215037] cfg80211: Ignoring regulatory request Set by core since the driver uses its own custom regulatory domain [31631.215042] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated: [31631.215044] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp) [31631.215046] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) [31631.215049] cfg80211: (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) [31631.215051] cfg80211: (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) [31631.215053] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) [31631.215055] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) [31632.289638] wlan0: authenticate with e0:91:f5:ef:7b:b2 (try 1) [31632.291262] wlan0: authenticated [31632.291276] wlan0: associate with e0:91:f5:ef:7b:b2 (try 1) [31632.295119] wlan0: RX AssocResp from e0:91:f5:ef:7b:b2 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=4) [31632.295123] wlan0: associated [31886.234836] wlan0: deauthenticated from e0:91:f5:ef:7b:b2 (Reason: 7) [31886.306735] cfg80211: All devices are disconnected, going to restore regulatory settings [31886.306740] cfg80211: Restoring regulatory settings [31886.306744] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain

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• How to write PowerShell code part 2 (Using function)

  - by ybbest

  In the last post, I have showed you how to use external configuration file in your PowerShell script. In this post, I will show you how to create PowerShell function and call external PowerShell script.You can download the script here. 1. In the original script, I create the site directly using New-SPSite command. I will refactor it so that I will create a new function to create the site using New-SPSite. The PowerShell function is quite similar to a C# method. You put your function parameters in () and separate each parameter by a comma (,). Then you put your method body in {}. function add ([int] $num1 , [int] $num2){ $total=$num1+$num2 #Return $total $total } 2. The difference is you do not need semi-colon (;) at the end of each statement and when calling the method you do not need comma (,) to separate each parameter. function add ([int] $num1 , [int] $num2){ $total=$num1+$num2 #Return $total $total } #Calling the function [int] $num1=3 [int] $num2=4 $d= add $num1 $num2 Write-Host $d 3. If you like to return anything from the function, you just need to type in the object you like to return, not need to type return .e.g. $ObjectToReturn not return $ObjectToReturn

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• whats the name of this pattern?

  - by Wes

  I see this a lot in frameworks. You have a master class which other classes register with. The master class then decides which of the registered classes to delegate the request to. An example based passed in class may be something this. public interface Processor { public boolean canHandle(Object objectToHandle); public void handle(Object objectToHandle); } public class EvenNumberProcessor extends Processor { public boolean canHandle(Object objectToHandle) { if (!isNumeric(objectToHandle)){ return false } return isEven(objectToHandle); } public void handle(objectToHandle) { //Optionally call canHandleAgain to ensure the calling class is fufilling its contract doSomething(); } } public class OddNumberProcessor extends Processor { public boolean canHandle(Object objectToHandle) { if (!isNumeric(objectToHandle)){ return false } return isOdd(objectToHandle); } public void handle(objectToHandle) { //Optionally call canHandleAgain to ensure the calling class is fufilling its contract doSomething(); } } //Can optionally implement processor interface public class processorDelegator { private List processors; public void addProcessor(Processor processor) { processors.add(processor); } public void process(Object objectToProcess) { //Lookup relevant processor either by keeping a list of what they can process //Or query each one to see if it can process the object. chosenProcessor=chooseProcessor(objectToProcess); chosenProcessor.handle(objectToProcess); } } Note there are a few variations I see on this. In one variation the sub classes provide a list of things they can process which the ProcessorDelegator understands. The other variation which is listed above in fake code is where each is queried in turn. This is similar to chain of command but I don't think its the same as chain of command means that the processor needs to pass to other processors. The other variation is where the ProcessorDelegator itself implements the interface which means you can get trees of ProcessorDelegators which specialise further. In the above example you could have a numeric processor delegator which delegates to an even/odd processor and a string processordelegator which delegates to different strings. My question is does this pattern have a name.

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• SearchServer2008Express Search Webservice

  - by Mike Koerner

  I was working on calling the Search Server 2008 Express search webservice from Powershell.  I kept getting <ResponsePacket xmlns="urn:Microsoft.Search.Response"><Response domain=""><Status>ERROR_NO_RESPONSE</Status><DebugErrorMessage>The search request was unable to connect to the Search Service.</DebugErrorMessage></Response></ResponsePacket>I checked the user authorization, the webservice search status, even the WSDL.  Turns out the URL for the SearchServer2008 search webservice was incorrect.  I was calling $URI= "http://ss2008/_vti_bin/spsearch.asmx?WSDL"and it should have been$URI= "http://ss2008/_vti_bin/search.asmx?WSDL"Here is my sample powershell script:# WSS Documentation http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb862916.aspx$error.clear()#Bad SearchServer2008Express Search URL $URI= "http://ss2008/_vti_bin/spsearch.asmx?WSDL"#Good SearchServer2008Express Search URL $URI= "http://ss2008/_vti_bin/search.asmx?WSDL"$search = New-WebServiceProxy -uri $URI -namespace WSS -class Search -UseDefaultCredential $queryXml = "<QueryPacket Revision='1000'>  <Query >    <SupportedFormats>      <Format revision='1'>urn:Microsoft.Search.Response.Document.Document</Format>    </SupportedFormats>    <Context>      <QueryText language='en-US' type='MSSQLFT'>SELECT Title, Path, Description, Write, Rank, Size FROM Scope() WHERE CONTAINS('Microsoft')</QueryText>      <!--<QueryText language='en-US' type='TEXT'>Microsoft</QueryText> -->    </Context>  </Query></QueryPacket>" $statusResponse = $search.Status()write-host '$statusResponse:'  $statusResponse $GetPortalSearchInfo = $search.GetPortalSearchInfo()write-host '$GetPortalSearchInfo:'  $GetPortalSearchInfo $queryResult = $search.Query($queryXml)write-host '$queryResult:'  $queryResult

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• How to write PowerShell code part 2 (Using function)

  - by ybbest

  In the last post, I have showed you how to use external configuration file in your PowerShell script. In this post, I will show you how to create PowerShell function and call external PowerShell script.You can download the script here. 1. In the original script, I create the site directly using New-SPSite command. I will refactor it so that I will create a new function to create the site using New-SPSite. The PowerShell function is quite similar to a C# method. You put your function parameters in () and separate each parameter by a comma (,). Then you put your method body in {}. function add ([int] $num1 , [int] $num2){ $total=$num1+$num2 #Return $total $total } 2. The difference is you do not need semi-colon (;) at the end of each statement and when calling the method you do not need comma (,) to separate each parameter. function add ([int] $num1 , [int] $num2){ $total=$num1+$num2 #Return $total $total } #Calling the function [int] $num1=3 [int] $num2=4 $d= add $num1 $num2 Write-Host $d 3. If you like to return anything from the function, you just need to type in the object you like to return, not need to type return .e.g. $ObjectToReturn not return $ObjectToReturn

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• Understanding Application binary interface (ABI)

  - by Tim

  I am trying to understand the concept of Application binary interface (ABI). From The Linux Kernel Primer: An ABI is a set of conventions that allows a linker to combine separately compiled modules into one unit without recompilation, such as calling conventions, machine interface, and operating-system interface. Among other things, an ABI defines the binary interface between these units. ... The benefits of conforming to an ABI are that it allows linking object files compiled by different compilers. From Wikipedia: an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application (or any type of) program and the operating system or another application. ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; and in the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files, program libraries and so on. I was wondering whether ABI depends on both the instruction set and the OS. Are the two all that ABI depends on? What kinds of role does ABI play in different stages of compilation: preprocessing, conversion of code from C to Assembly, conversion of code from Assembly to Machine code, and linking? From the first quote above, it seems to me that ABI is needed for only linking stage, not the other stages. Is it correct? When is ABI needed to be considered? Is ABI needed to be considered during programming in C, Assembly or other languages? If yes, how are ABI and API different? Or is it only for linker or compiler? Is ABI specified for/in machine code, Assembly language, and/or of C?

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• "Programming error" exceptions - Is my approach sound?

  - by Medo42

  I am currently trying to improve my use of exceptions, and found the important distinction between exceptions that signify programming errors (e.g. someone passed null as argument, or called a method on an object after it was disposed) and those that signify a failure in the operation that is not the caller's fault (e.g. an I/O exception). As far as I understand, it makes little sense for an immediate caller to actually handle programming error exceptions, he should instead assure that the preconditions are met. Only "outer" exception handlers at task boundaries should catch them, so they can keep the system running if a task fails. In order to ensure that client code can cleanly catch "failure" exceptions without catching error exceptions by mistake, I create my own exception classes for all failure exceptions now, and document them in the methods that throw them. I would make them checked exceptions in Java. Now I have a few questions: Before, I tried to document all exceptions that a method could throw, but that sometimes creates an unwiedly list that needs to be documented in every method up the call chain until you can show that the error won't happen. Instead, I document the preconditions in the summary / parameter descriptions and don't even mention what happens if they are not met. The idea is that people should not try to catch these exceptions explicitly anyway, so there is no need to document their types. Would you agree that this is enough? Going further, do you think all preconditions even need to be documented for every method? For example, calling methods in IDisposable objects after calling Dispose is an error, but since IDisposable is such a widely used interface, can I just assume a programmer will know this? A similar case is with reference type parameters where passing null makes no conceivable sense: Should I document "non-null" anyway? IMO, documentation should only cover things that are not obvious, but I am not sure where "obvious" ends.

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• OpenGL Application displays only 1 frame

  - by Avi

  EDIT: I have verified that the problem is not the VBO class or the vertex array class, but rather something else. I have a problem where my vertex buffer class works the first time its called, but displays nothing any other time its called. I don't know why this is, and it's also the same in my vertex array class. I'm calling the functions in this order to set up the buffers: enable client states bind buffers set buffer / array data unbind buffers disable client states Then in the draw function, that's called every frame: enable client states bind buffers set pointers unbind buffers bind index buffer draw elements unbind index buffer disable client states Is there something wrong with the order in which I'm calling the functions, or is it a more specific code error? EDIT: here's some of the code Code for setting pointers: //element is the vertex attribute being drawn (e.g. normals, colors, etc.) static void makeElementPointer(VertexBufferElements::VBOElement element, Shader *shade, void *elementLocation) { //elementLocation is BUFFER_OFFSET(n) if a buffer is bound switch (element) { .... glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, elementLocation); //changes based on element .... //but I'm only dealing with } //vertices for now } And that's basically all the code that isn't just a straight OpenGL function call.

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• Get Func-y v2.0

  - by PhubarBaz

  In my last post I talked about using funcs in C# to do async calls in WinForms to free up the main thread for the UI. In that post I demonstrated calling a method and then waiting until the value came back. Today I want to talk about calling a method and then continuing on and handling the results of the async call in a callback.The difference is that in the previous example although the UI would not lock up the user couldn't really do anything while the other thread was working because it was waiting for it to finish. This time I want to allow the user to continue to do other stuff while waiting for the thread to finish.Like before I have a service call I want to make that takes a long time to finish defined in a method called MyServiceCall. We need to define a callback method takes an IAsyncResult parameter.public ServiceCallResult MyServiceCall(int param1)...public int MyCallbackMethod(IAsyncResult ar)...We start the same way by defining a delegate to the service call method using a Func. We need to pass an AsyncCallback object into the BeginInvoke method. This will tell it to call our callback method when MyServiceCall finishes. The second parameter to BeginInvoke is the Func delegate. This will give us access to it in our callback.Func<int, ServiceCallResult> f = MyServiceCall;AsyncCallback callback =   new AsyncCallback(MyCallbackMethod);IAsyncResult async = f.BeginInvoke(23, callback, f); Now let's expand the callback method. The IAsyncResult parameter contains the Func delegate in its AsyncState property. We call EndInvoke on that Func to get the return value.public int MyCallbackMethod(IAsyncResult ar){    Func<int, ServiceCallResult> delegate =        (Func<int, ServiceCallResult>)ar.AsyncState;    ServiceCallResult result = delegate.EndInvoke(ar);}There you have it. Now you don't have to make the user wait for something that isn't critical to the loading of the page.

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• Cocos-2D asteroids style movement (iOS)

  - by bwheeler96

  So I have a CCSprite subclass, well call this Spaceship. Spaceship needs to move on a loop, until I say othersise by calling a method. The method should look something like - (void)moveForeverAtVelocity { // method logic } The class Spaceship has two relevant iVars, resetPosition and targetPosition, the target is where we are headed, the reset is where we set to when we've hit our target. If they are both off-screen this creates a permanent looping effect. So for the logic, I have tried several things, such as CCMoveTo *move = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:2 position:ccp(100, 100)]; CCCallBlockN *repeat = [CCCallBlockN actionWithBlock: ^(CCNode *node) { [self moveForeverAtVelocity]; }]; [self runAction:[CCSequence actions: move, repeat, nil]]; self.position = self.resetPosition; recursively calling the moveForeverAtVelocity method. This is psuedo-code, so its not perfect. I have hard-coded some of the values for the sake of simplicity. Enough garble: The problem I am having, how can I make a method that loops forever, but can be called and reset at will. I'm running into issues with creating multiple instances of this method. If you can offer any assistance with creating this effect, that would be appreciated.

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