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  • c# logic to get the first non-repeating(distinct) character from the string

    - by NoviceToDotNet
    In c# i want to create logic that if i a string like abcabda is passed to a method then it should return first non repeative character from string like in above it should return c. i am unable to convert a string to array of character then how to make comparison of each array character to the string and return the first non repeative character. CanI make it like this? class A { static void main() { A a=new A(); char ch=a.m1(abcabd); } } class B { char m1(string s) { string s1=s; char[] ch1=new char[s.length]; for(int x=0; x<s.length;x++) { ch1[x]=s[x]; } for(int x=0; x<s.length; x++) { for(int y=0; y<s.lenth; y++) { if(s[x]=ch1[y]) { /// here i am confused how to create logic for comparison please let me know // and how to return the character } } } } }

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  • I am trying to access the individual bytes in a floating point number and I am getting unexpected results

    - by oweinh
    So I have this so far: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <typeinfo> using namespace std; int main () { float f = 3.45; // just an example fp# char* ptr = (char*)&f; // a character pointer to the first byte of the fp#? cout << int(ptr[0]) << endl; // these lines are just to see if I get what I cout << int(ptr[1]) << endl; // am looking for... I want ints that I can cout << int(ptr[2]) << endl; // otherwise manipulate. cout << int(ptr[3]) << endl; } the result is: -51 -52 92 64 so obviously -51 and -52 are not in the byte range that I would expect for a char... I have taken information from similar questions to arrive at this code and from all discussions, a conversion from char to int is straightforward. So why negative values? I am trying to look at a four-byte number, therefore I would expect 4 integers, each in the range 0-255. I am using Codeblocks 13.12 with gcc 4.8.1 with option -std=C++11 on a Windows 8.1 device.

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  • Reading/Writing/Modifying a struct in C

    - by user1016401
    I am taking some information from a user (name, address, contact number) and store it in a struct. I then store this in a file which is opened in "r+" mode. I try reading it line by line and see if the entry I am trying to enter already exists, in which case I exit. Otherwise I append this entry at the end of the file. The problem is that when I open the file in "r+" mode, it gives me Segmentation fault! Here is the code: struct cust{ char *frstnam; char *lastnam; char *cntact; char *add; }; Now consider this function. I am passing a struct of information in this function. Its job is to check if this struct already exists else append it to end of file. void check(struct cust c) { struct cust cpy; FILE *f; f=fopen("Customer.txt","r+"); int num=0; if (f!= NULL){ while (!feof(f)) { num++; fread(&cpy,sizeof(struct cust),1,f); if ((cpy.frstnam==c.frstnam)&(cpy.lastnam==c.lastnam)&(cpy.cntact==c.cntact)&(cpy.add==c.add)) { printf("Hi %s %s. Nice to meet you again. You live at %s and your contact number is %s\n", cpy.frstnam,cpy.lastnam,cpy.add,cpy.cntact); return; } } fwrite(&c,sizeof(struct cust),1,f); fclose (f); } printf("number of lines read is %d\n",num); }

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  • iphone xcode sqlite3_open remote host

    - by cicana
    Hi, i try to get a connection my server, with the sqlite3_open command! my question...is it possible to that? i got the following code... // Get the path to the documents directory and append the databaseName databaseName = @"AnimalDatabase.sql"; NSString *serverpath = @"http://localhost/app/"; databasePath = [serverpath stringByAppendingPathComponent:databaseName]; and then this here -(void) readAnimalsFromDatabase { // Setup the database object sqlite3 *database; // Init the animals Array animals = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // Open the database from the users filessytem if(sqlite3_open([databasePath UTF8String], &database) == SQLITE_OK) { // Setup the SQL Statement and compile it for faster access const char *sqlStatement = "select * from animals"; sqlite3_stmt *compiledStatement; if(sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, sqlStatement, -1, &compiledStatement, NULL) == SQLITE_OK) { // Loop through the results and add them to the feeds array while(sqlite3_step(compiledStatement) == SQLITE_ROW) { // Read the data from the result row NSString *aName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(compiledStatement, 1)]; NSString *aDescription = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(compiledStatement, 2)]; NSString *aImageUrl = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(compiledStatement, 3)]; // Create a new animal object with the data from the database Animal *animal = [[Animal alloc] initWithName:aName description:aDescription url:aImageUrl]; // Add the animal object to the animals Array [animals addObject:animal]; [animal release]; } } // Release the compiled statement from memory sqlite3_finalize(compiledStatement); } sqlite3_close(database); } any suggestion??

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  • Program that edits string and prints each word individually with C

    - by Michael_19
    I keep getting the error segmentation fault (core dumped) when I run my progam. #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int nextword(char *str); int main(void) { char str[] = "Hello! Today is a beautiful day!!\t\n"; int i = nextword(str); while(i != -1) { printf("%s\n",&(str[i])); i = nextword(NULL); } return 0; } int nextword(char *str) { // create two static variables - these stay around across calls static char *s; static int nextindex; int thisindex; // reset the static variables if (str != NULL) { s = str; thisindex = 0; // TODO: advance this index past any leading spaces while (s[thisindex]=='\n' || s[thisindex]=='\t' || s[thisindex]==' ' ) thisindex++; } else { // set the return value to be the nextindex thisindex = nextindex; } // if we aren't done with the string... if (thisindex != -1) { nextindex = thisindex; // TODO: two things // 1: place a '\0' after the current word // 2: advance nextindex to the beginning // of the next word while (s[nextindex] != ' ' && s[nextindex] != '\0') nextindex++; str[nextindex] = '\0'; nextindex++; } return thisindex; } The goal of the program is to print each word in the string str[] to the console on a new line. I am a beginning programmer and this is an assignment so I must use this type of format (no string library allowed). I just would like to know where I went wrong and how I can fix it.

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  • Adding DTrace Probes to PHP Extensions

    - by cj
    The powerful DTrace tracing facility has some PHP-specific probes that can be enabled with --enable-dtrace. DTrace for Linux is being created by Oracle and is currently in tech preview. Currently it doesn't support userspace tracing so, in the meantime, Systemtap can be used to monitor the probes implemented in PHP. This was recently outlined in David Soria Parra's post Probing PHP with Systemtap on Linux. My post shows how DTrace probes can be added to PHP extensions and traced on Linux. I was using Oracle Linux 6.3. Not all Linux kernels are built with Systemtap, since this can impact stability. Check whether your running kernel (or others installed) have Systemtap enabled, and reboot with such a kernel: # grep CONFIG_UTRACE /boot/config-`uname -r` # grep CONFIG_UTRACE /boot/config-* When you install Systemtap itself, the package systemtap-sdt-devel is needed since it provides the sdt.h header file: # yum install systemtap-sdt-devel You can now install and build PHP as shown in David's article. Basically the build is with: $ cd ~/php-src $ ./configure --disable-all --enable-dtrace $ make (For me, running 'make' a second time failed with an error. The workaround is to do 'git checkout Zend/zend_dtrace.d' and then rerun 'make'. See PHP Bug 63704) David's article shows how to trace the probes already implemented in PHP. You can also use Systemtap to trace things like userspace PHP function calls. For example, create test.php: <?php $c = oci_connect('hr', 'welcome', 'localhost/orcl'); $s = oci_parse($c, "select dbms_xmlgen.getxml('select * from dual') xml from dual"); $r = oci_execute($s); $row = oci_fetch_array($s, OCI_NUM); $x = $row[0]->load(); $row[0]->free(); echo $x; ?> The normal output of this file is the XML form of Oracle's DUAL table: $ ./sapi/cli/php ~/test.php <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> To trace the PHP function calls, create the tracing file functrace.stp: probe process("sapi/cli/php").function("zif_*") { printf("Started function %s\n", probefunc()); } probe process("sapi/cli/php").function("zif_*").return { printf("Ended function %s\n", probefunc()); } This makes use of the way PHP userspace functions (not builtins) like oci_connect() map to C functions with a "zif_" prefix. Login as root, and run System tap on the PHP script: # cd ~cjones/php-src # stap -c 'sapi/cli/php ~cjones/test.php' ~cjones/functrace.stp Started function zif_oci_connect Ended function zif_oci_connect Started function zif_oci_parse Ended function zif_oci_parse Started function zif_oci_execute Ended function zif_oci_execute Started function zif_oci_fetch_array Ended function zif_oci_fetch_array Started function zif_oci_lob_load <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> Ended function zif_oci_lob_load Started function zif_oci_free_descriptor Ended function zif_oci_free_descriptor Each call and return is logged. The Systemtap scripting language allows complex scripts to be built. There are many examples on the web. To augment this generic capability and the PHP probes in PHP, other extensions can have probes too. Below are the steps I used to add probes to OCI8: I created a provider file ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace.d, enabling three probes. The first one will accept a parameter that runtime tracing can later display: provider php { probe oci8__connect(char *username); probe oci8__nls_start(); probe oci8__nls_done(); }; I updated ext/oci8/config.m4 with the PHP_INIT_DTRACE macro. The patch is at the end of config.m4. The macro takes the provider prototype file, a name of the header file that 'dtrace' will generate, and a list of sources files with probes. When --enable-dtrace is used during PHP configuration, then the outer $PHP_DTRACE check is true and my new probes will be enabled. I've chosen to define an OCI8 specific macro, HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE, which can be used in the OCI8 source code: diff --git a/ext/oci8/config.m4 b/ext/oci8/config.m4 index 34ae76c..f3e583d 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/config.m4 +++ b/ext/oci8/config.m4 @@ -341,4 +341,17 @@ if test "$PHP_OCI8" != "no"; then PHP_SUBST_OLD(OCI8_ORACLE_VERSION) fi + + if test "$PHP_DTRACE" = "yes"; then + AC_CHECK_HEADERS([sys/sdt.h], [ + PHP_INIT_DTRACE([ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace.d], + [ext/oci8/oci8_dtrace_gen.h],[ext/oci8/oci8.c]) + AC_DEFINE(HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE,1, + [Whether to enable DTrace support for OCI8 ]) + ], [ + AC_MSG_ERROR( + [Cannot find sys/sdt.h which is required for DTrace support]) + ]) + fi + fi In ext/oci8/oci8.c, I added the probes at, for this example, semi-arbitrary places: diff --git a/ext/oci8/oci8.c b/ext/oci8/oci8.c index e2241cf..ffa0168 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/oci8.c +++ b/ext/oci8/oci8.c @@ -1811,6 +1811,12 @@ php_oci_connection *php_oci_do_connect_ex(char *username, int username_len, char } } +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT(username); + } +#endif + /* Initialize global handles if they weren't initialized before */ if (OCI_G(env) == NULL) { php_oci_init_global_handles(TSRMLS_C); @@ -1870,11 +1876,22 @@ php_oci_connection *php_oci_do_connect_ex(char *username, int username_len, char size_t rsize = 0; sword result; +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_START_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_START(); + } +#endif PHP_OCI_CALL_RETURN(result, OCINlsEnvironmentVariableGet, (&charsetid_nls_lang, 0, OCI_NLS_CHARSET_ID, 0, &rsize)); if (result != OCI_SUCCESS) { charsetid_nls_lang = 0; } smart_str_append_unsigned_ex(&hashed_details, charsetid_nls_lang, 0); + +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE + if (DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_DONE_ENABLED()) { + DTRACE_OCI8_NLS_DONE(); + } +#endif } timestamp = time(NULL); The oci_connect(), oci_pconnect() and oci_new_connect() calls all use php_oci_do_connect_ex() internally. The first probe simply records that the PHP application made a connection call. I already showed a way to do this without needing a probe, but adding a specific probe lets me record the username. The other two probes can be used to time how long the globalization initialization takes. The relationships between the oci8_dtrace.d names like oci8__connect, the probe guards like DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT_ENABLED() and probe names like DTRACE_OCI8_CONNECT() are obvious after seeing the pattern of all three probes. I included the new header that will be automatically created by the dtrace tool when PHP is built. I did this in ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h: diff --git a/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h b/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h index b0d6516..c81fc5a 100644 --- a/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h +++ b/ext/oci8/php_oci8_int.h @@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ # endif # endif /* osf alpha */ +#ifdef HAVE_OCI8_DTRACE +#include "oci8_dtrace_gen.h" +#endif + #if defined(min) #undef min #endif Now PHP can be rebuilt: $ cd ~/php-src $ rm configure && ./buildconf --force $ ./configure --disable-all --enable-dtrace \ --with-oci8=instantclient,/home/cjones/instantclient $ make If 'make' fails, do the 'git checkout Zend/zend_dtrace.d' trick I mentioned. The new probes can be seen by logging in as root and running: # stap -l 'process.provider("php").mark("oci8*")' -c 'sapi/cli/php -i' process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__connect") process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__nls_done") process("sapi/cli/php").provider("php").mark("oci8__nls_start") To test them out, create a new trace file, oci.stp: global numconnects; global start; global numcharlookups = 0; global tottime = 0; probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-connect") { printf("Connected as %s\n", user_string($arg1)); numconnects += 1; } probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-nls_start") { start = gettimeofday_us(); numcharlookups++; } probe process.provider("php").mark("oci8-nls_done") { tottime += gettimeofday_us() - start; } probe end { printf("Connects: %d, Charset lookups: %ld\n", numconnects, numcharlookups); printf("Total NLS charset initalization time: %ld usecs/connect\n", (numcharlookups 0 ? tottime/numcharlookups : 0)); } This calculates the average time that the NLS character set lookup takes. It also prints out the username of each connection, as an example of using parameters. Login as root and run Systemtap over the PHP script: # cd ~cjones/php-src # stap -c 'sapi/cli/php ~cjones/test.php' ~cjones/oci.stp Connected as cj <?xml version="1.0"?> <ROWSET> <ROW> <DUMMY>X</DUMMY> </ROW> </ROWSET> Connects: 1, Charset lookups: 1 Total NLS charset initalization time: 164 usecs/connect This shows the time penalty of making OCI8 look up the default character set. This time would be zero if a character set had been passed as the fourth argument to oci_connect() in test.php.

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  • Binary data instead of actual image in C#

    - by acadia
    Hello, I am using the below mentioned library to create a barcode which is storing in a specified location as shown below: My question is, is there a way instead of saving it to a png file I get byte data? thanks Code39 code = new Code39("10090"); code.Paint().Save("c:/NewBARCODE.png", ImageFormat.Png); using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Imaging; using System.Diagnostics; namespace BarCode39 { public class Code39Settings { private int height = 60; public int BarCodeHeight { get { return height; } set { height = value; } } private bool drawText = true; public bool DrawText { get { return drawText; } set { drawText = value; } } private int leftMargin = 10; public int LeftMargin { get { return leftMargin; } set { leftMargin = value; } } private int rightMargin = 10; public int RightMargin { get { return rightMargin; } set { rightMargin = value; } } private int topMargin = 10; public int TopMargin { get { return topMargin; } set { topMargin = value; } } private int bottomMargin = 10; public int BottomMargin { get { return bottomMargin; } set { bottomMargin = value; } } private int interCharacterGap = 2; public int InterCharacterGap { get { return interCharacterGap; } set { interCharacterGap = value; } } private int wideWidth = 2; public int WideWidth { get { return wideWidth; } set { wideWidth = value; } } private int narrowWidth = 1; public int NarrowWidth { get { return narrowWidth; } set { narrowWidth = value; } } private Font font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSansSerif, 12); public Font Font { get { return font; } set { font = value; } } private int codeToTextGapHeight = 10; public int BarCodeToTextGapHeight { get { return codeToTextGapHeight; } set { codeToTextGapHeight = value; } } } public class Code39 { #region Static initialization static Dictionary<char, Pattern> codes; static Code39() { object[][] chars = new object[][] { new object[] {'0', "n n n w w n w n n"}, new object[] {'1', "w n n w n n n n w"}, new object[] {'2', "n n w w n n n n w"}, new object[] {'3', "w n w w n n n n n"}, new object[] {'4', "n n n w w n n n w"}, new object[] {'5', "w n n w w n n n n"}, new object[] {'6', "n n w w w n n n n"}, new object[] {'7', "n n n w n n w n w"}, new object[] {'8', "w n n w n n w n n"}, new object[] {'9', "n n w w n n w n n"}, new object[] {'A', "w n n n n w n n w"}, new object[] {'B', "n n w n n w n n w"}, new object[] {'C', "w n w n n w n n n"}, new object[] {'D', "n n n n w w n n w"}, new object[] {'E', "w n n n w w n n n"}, new object[] {'F', "n n w n w w n n n"}, new object[] {'G', "n n n n n w w n w"}, new object[] {'H', "w n n n n w w n n"}, new object[] {'I', "n n w n n w w n n"}, new object[] {'J', "n n n n w w w n n"}, new object[] {'K', "w n n n n n n w w"}, new object[] {'L', "n n w n n n n w w"}, new object[] {'M', "w n w n n n n w n"}, new object[] {'N', "n n n n w n n w w"}, new object[] {'O', "w n n n w n n w n"}, new object[] {'P', "n n w n w n n w n"}, new object[] {'Q', "n n n n n n w w w"}, new object[] {'R', "w n n n n n w w n"}, new object[] {'S', "n n w n n n w w n"}, new object[] {'T', "n n n n w n w w n"}, new object[] {'U', "w w n n n n n n w"}, new object[] {'V', "n w w n n n n n w"}, new object[] {'W', "w w w n n n n n n"}, new object[] {'X', "n w n n w n n n w"}, new object[] {'Y', "w w n n w n n n n"}, new object[] {'Z', "n w w n w n n n n"}, new object[] {'-', "n w n n n n w n w"}, new object[] {'.', "w w n n n n w n n"}, new object[] {' ', "n w w n n n w n n"}, new object[] {'*', "n w n n w n w n n"}, new object[] {'$', "n w n w n w n n n"}, new object[] {'/', "n w n w n n n w n"}, new object[] {'+', "n w n n n w n w n"}, new object[] {'%', "n n n w n w n w n"} }; codes = new Dictionary<char, Pattern>(); foreach (object[] c in chars) codes.Add((char)c[0], Pattern.Parse((string)c[1])); } #endregion private static Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black); private static Brush brush = Brushes.Black; private string code; private Code39Settings settings; public Code39(string code) : this(code, new Code39Settings()) { } public Code39(string code, Code39Settings settings) { foreach (char c in code) if (!codes.ContainsKey(c)) throw new ArgumentException("Invalid character encountered in specified code."); if (!code.StartsWith("*")) code = "*" + code; if (!code.EndsWith("*")) code = code + "*"; this.code = code; this.settings = settings; } public Bitmap Paint() { string code = this.code.Trim('*'); SizeF sizeCodeText = Graphics.FromImage(new Bitmap(1, 1)).MeasureString(code, settings.Font); int w = settings.LeftMargin + settings.RightMargin; foreach (char c in this.code) w += codes[c].GetWidth(settings) + settings.InterCharacterGap; w -= settings.InterCharacterGap; int h = settings.TopMargin + settings.BottomMargin + settings.BarCodeHeight; if (settings.DrawText) h += settings.BarCodeToTextGapHeight + (int)sizeCodeText.Height; Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(w, h, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp); int left = settings.LeftMargin; foreach (char c in this.code) left += codes[c].Paint(settings, g, left) + settings.InterCharacterGap; if (settings.DrawText) { int tX = settings.LeftMargin + (w - settings.LeftMargin - settings.RightMargin - (int)sizeCodeText.Width) / 2; if (tX < 0) tX = 0; int tY = settings.TopMargin + settings.BarCodeHeight + settings.BarCodeToTextGapHeight; g.DrawString(code, settings.Font, brush, tX, tY); } return bmp; } private class Pattern { private bool[] nw = new bool[9]; public static Pattern Parse(string s) { Debug.Assert(s != null); s = s.Replace(" ", "").ToLower(); Debug.Assert(s.Length == 9); Debug.Assert(s.Replace("n", "").Replace("w", "").Length == 0); Pattern p = new Pattern(); int i = 0; foreach (char c in s) p.nw[i++] = c == 'w'; return p; } public int GetWidth(Code39Settings settings) { int width = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) width += (nw[i] ? settings.WideWidth : settings.NarrowWidth); return width; } public int Paint(Code39Settings settings, Graphics g, int left) { #if DEBUG Rectangle gray = new Rectangle(left, 0, GetWidth(settings), settings.BarCodeHeight + settings.TopMargin + settings.BottomMargin); g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Gray, gray); #endif int x = left; int w = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) { int width = (nw[i] ? settings.WideWidth : settings.NarrowWidth); if (i % 2 == 0) { Rectangle r = new Rectangle(x, settings.TopMargin, width, settings.BarCodeHeight); g.FillRectangle(brush, r); } x += width; w += width; } return w; } } } }

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  • C++ 2d Array Class Function Call Help

    - by johnny-conrad
    I hope this question takes a simple fix, and I am just missing something very small. I am in my second semester of C++ in college, and we are just getting into OOP. This is my first OOP program, and it is causing me a little problem. Here are the errors I am getting: Member function must be called or its address taken in function displayGrid(int,Cell ( *)[20]) Member function must be called or its address taken in function Turn(int,int,Cell ( *)[20]) Member function must be called or its address taken in function Turn(int,int,Cell ( *)[20]) Warning: Parameter 'grid' is never used in function displayGrid(int,Cell ( *)[20]) Here is all of my code. I am aware It is much more code than necessary, sorry if it makes it more difficult. I was worried that I might accidentally delete something. const int MAX=20; //Struct Cell holds player and their symbol. class Cell { private: int Player; char Symbol; public: Cell(void); void setPlayer(int); void setSymbol(char); int getPlayer(void); char getSymbol(void); }; Cell::Cell(void) { Symbol ='-'; } void Cell::setPlayer(int player_num) { Player = player_num; } void Cell::setSymbol(char rps) { Symbol = rps; } int Cell::getPlayer(void) { return Player; } char Cell::getSymbol(void) { return Symbol; } void Turn(int, int, Cell[MAX][MAX]); void displayGrid(int, Cell[MAX][MAX]); void main(void) { int size; cout << "How big would you like the grid to be: "; cin >> size; //Checks to see valid grid size while(size>MAX || size<3) { cout << "Grid size must between 20 and 3." << endl; cout << "Please re-enter the grid size: "; cin >> size; } int cnt=1; int full; Cell grid[MAX][MAX]; //I use full to detect when the game is over by squaring size. full = size*size; cout << "Starting a new game." << endl; //Exits loop when cnt reaches full. while(cnt<full+1) { displayGrid(size, grid); //calls function to display grid if(cnt%2==0) //if cnt is even then it's 2nd players turn cout << "Player 2's turn." << endl; else cout << "Player 1's turn" << endl; Turn(size, cnt, grid); //calls Turn do each players turn cnt++; } cout << endl; cout << "Board is full... Game Over" << endl; } void displayGrid(int size, Cell grid[MAX][MAX]) { cout << endl; cout << " "; for(int x=1; x<size+1; x++) // prints first row cout << setw(3) << x; // of numbers. cout << endl; //Nested-For prints the grid. for(int i=1; i<size+1; i++) { cout << setw(2) << i; for(int c=1; c<size+1; c++) { cout << setw(3) << grid[i][c].getSymbol; } cout << endl; } cout << endl; } void Turn(int size, int cnt, Cell grid[MAX][MAX]) { char temp; char choice; int row=0; int column=0; cout << "Enter the Row: "; cin >> row; cout << "Enter the Column: "; cin >> column; //puts what is in the current cell in "temp" temp = grid[row][column].getSymbol; //Checks to see if temp is occupied or not while(temp!='-') { cout << "Cell space is Occupied..." << endl; cout << "Enter the Row: "; cin >> row; cout << "Enter the Column: "; cin >> column; temp = grid[row][column].getSymbol; //exits loop when finally correct } if(cnt%2==0) //if cnt is even then its player 2's turn { cout << "Enter your Symbol R, P, or S (Capitals): "; cin >> choice; grid[row][column].setPlayer(1); in >> choice; } //officially sets choice to grid cell grid[row][column].setSymbol(choice); } else //if cnt is odd then its player 1's turn { cout << "Enter your Symbol r, p, or s (Lower-Case): "; cin >> choice; grid[row][column].setPlayer(2); //checks for valid input by user1 while(choice!= 'r' && choice!='p' && choice!='s') { cout << "Invalid Symbol... Please Re-Enter: "; cin >> choice; } //officially sets choice to grid cell. grid[row][column].setSymbol(choice); } cout << endl; } Thanks alot for your help!

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  • Can anyone explain why my crypto++ decrypted file 16 bytes short?

    - by Tom Williams
    I suspect it might be too much to hope for, but can anyone with experience with crypto++ explain why the "decrypted.out" file created by main() is 16 characters short (which probably not coincidentally is the block size)? I think the issue must be in CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar(), but I've been staring at it and the crypto++ documentation for hours. Any other comments about how crummy or naive my std::streambuf implementation are also welcome ;-) And I've just noticed I'm missing some calls to delete so you don't have to tell me about those. Thanks, Tom // Runtime Includes #include <iostream> // Crypto++ Includes #include "aes.h" #include "modes.h" // xxx_Mode< > #include "filters.h" // StringSource and // StreamTransformation #include "files.h" using namespace std; class CryptStreamBuffer: public std::streambuf { public: CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); protected: virtual int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof()); virtual int_type uflow(); virtual int_type underflow(); virtual int_type pbackfail(int_type ch); virtual int sync(); private: int GetNextChar(); int m_NextChar; // Buffered character CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter* m_StreamTransformationFilter; CryptoPP::FileSource* m_Source; CryptoPP::FileSink* m_Sink; }; // class CryptStreamBuffer CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c); m_Source = new CryptoPP::FileSource(encryptedInput, false, m_StreamTransformationFilter); } CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_Sink = new CryptoPP::FileSink(encryptedOutput); m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c, m_Sink); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::overflow(int_type ch) { return m_StreamTransformationFilter->Put((byte)ch); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::uflow() { int_type result = GetNextChar(); // Reset the buffered character m_NextChar = traits_type::eof(); return result; } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::underflow() { return GetNextChar(); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::pbackfail(int_type ch) { return traits_type::eof(); } int CryptStreamBuffer::sync() { if (m_Sink) { m_StreamTransformationFilter->MessageEnd(); } } int CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar() { // If we have a buffered character do nothing if (m_NextChar != traits_type::eof()) { return m_NextChar; } // If there are no more bytes currently available then pump the source // *** I SUSPECT THE PROBLEM IS HERE *** if (m_StreamTransformationFilter->MaxRetrievable() == 0) { m_Source->Pump(1024); } // Retrieve the next byte byte nextByte; size_t noBytes = m_StreamTransformationFilter->Get(nextByte); if (0 == noBytes) { return traits_type::eof(); } // Buffer up the next character m_NextChar = nextByte; return m_NextChar; } void InitKey(byte key[]) { key[0] = -62; key[1] = 102; key[2] = 78; key[3] = 75; key[4] = -96; key[5] = 125; key[6] = 66; key[7] = 125; key[8] = -95; key[9] = -66; key[10] = 114; key[11] = 22; key[12] = 48; key[13] = 111; key[14] = -51; key[15] = 112; } void DecryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Decryption decryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ifs, decryptor); std::istream decrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = decrypt.get())) { ofs << (char)c; } ofs.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } void EncryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Encryption encryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ofs, encryptor); std::ostream encrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = ifs.get())) { encrypt << (char)c; } encrypt.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { EncryptFile(argv[1], "encrypted.out"); DecryptFile("encrypted.out", "decrypted.out"); return 0; }

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  • Can't figure out where race condition is occuring

    - by Nik
    I'm using Valgrind --tool=drd to check my application that uses Boost::thread. Basically, the application populates a set of "Book" values with "Kehai" values based on inputs through a socket connection. On a seperate thread, a user can connect and get the books send to them. Its fairly simple, so i figured using a boost::mutex::scoped_lock on the location that serializes the book and the location that clears out the book data should be suffice to prevent any race conditions. Here is the code: void Book::clear() { boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(dataMutex); for(int i =NUM_KEHAI-1; i >= 0; --i) { bid[i].clear(); ask[i].clear(); } } int Book::copyChangedKehaiToString(char* dst) const { boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(dataMutex); sprintf(dst, "%-4s%-13s",market.c_str(),meigara.c_str()); int loc = 17; for(int i = 0; i < Book::NUM_KEHAI; ++i) { if(ask[i].changed > 0) { sprintf(dst+loc,"A%i%-21s%-21s%-21s%-8s%-4s",i,ask[i].price.c_str(),ask[i].volume.c_str(),ask[i].number.c_str(),ask[i].postTime.c_str(),ask[i].status.c_str()); loc += 77; } } for(int i = 0; i < Book::NUM_KEHAI; ++i) { if(bid[i].changed > 0) { sprintf(dst+loc,"B%i%-21s%-21s%-21s%-8s%-4s",i,bid[i].price.c_str(),bid[i].volume.c_str(),bid[i].number.c_str(),bid[i].postTime.c_str(),bid[i].status.c_str()); loc += 77; } } return loc; } The clear() function and the copyChangedKehaiToString() function are called in the datagetting thread and data sending thread,respectively. Also, as a note, the class Book: struct Book { private: Book(const Book&); Book& operator=(const Book&); public: static const int NUM_KEHAI=10; struct Kehai; friend struct Book::Kehai; struct Kehai { private: Kehai& operator=(const Kehai&); public: std::string price; std::string volume; std::string number; std::string postTime; std::string status; int changed; Kehai(); void copyFrom(const Kehai& other); Kehai(const Kehai& other); inline void clear() { price.assign(""); volume.assign(""); number.assign(""); postTime.assign(""); status.assign(""); changed = -1; } }; std::vector<Kehai> bid; std::vector<Kehai> ask; tm recTime; mutable boost::mutex dataMutex; Book(); void clear(); int copyChangedKehaiToString(char * dst) const; }; When using valgrind --tool=drd, i get race condition errors such as the one below: ==26330== Conflicting store by thread 1 at 0x0658fbb0 size 4 ==26330== at 0x653AE68: std::string::_M_mutate(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8) ==26330== by 0x653AFC9: std::string::_M_replace_safe(unsigned int, unsigned int, char const*, unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8) ==26330== by 0x653B064: std::string::assign(char const*, unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8) ==26330== by 0x653B134: std::string::assign(char const*) (in /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8) ==26330== by 0x8055D64: Book::Kehai::clear() (Book.h:50) ==26330== by 0x8094A29: Book::clear() (Book.cpp:78) ==26330== by 0x808537E: RealKernel::start() (RealKernel.cpp:86) ==26330== by 0x804D15A: main (main.cpp:164) ==26330== Allocation context: BSS section of /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.8 ==26330== Other segment start (thread 2) ==26330== at 0x400BB59: pthread_mutex_unlock (drd_pthread_intercepts.c:633) ==26330== by 0xC59565: pthread_mutex_unlock (in /lib/libc-2.5.so) ==26330== by 0x805477C: boost::mutex::unlock() (mutex.hpp:56) ==26330== by 0x80547C9: boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex>::~unique_lock() (locks.hpp:340) ==26330== by 0x80949BA: Book::copyChangedKehaiToString(char*) const (Book.cpp:134) ==26330== by 0x80937EE: BookSerializer::serializeBook(Book const&, std::string const&) (BookSerializer.cpp:41) ==26330== by 0x8092D05: BookSnapshotManager::getSnaphotDataList() (BookSnapshotManager.cpp:72) ==26330== by 0x8088179: SnapshotServer::getDataList() (SnapshotServer.cpp:246) ==26330== by 0x808870F: SnapshotServer::run() (SnapshotServer.cpp:183) ==26330== by 0x808BAF5: boost::_mfi::mf0<void, RealThread>::operator()(RealThread*) const (mem_fn_template.hpp:49) ==26330== by 0x808BB4D: void boost::_bi::list1<boost::_bi::value<RealThread*> >::operator()<boost::_mfi::mf0<void, RealThread>, boost::_bi::list0>(boost::_bi::type<void>, boost::_mfi::mf0<void, RealThread>&, boost::_bi::list0&, int) (bind.hpp:253) ==26330== by 0x808BB90: boost::_bi::bind_t<void, boost::_mfi::mf0<void, RealThread>, boost::_bi::list1<boost::_bi::value<RealThread*> > >::operator()() (bind_template.hpp:20) ==26330== Other segment end (thread 2) ==26330== at 0x400B62A: pthread_mutex_lock (drd_pthread_intercepts.c:580) ==26330== by 0xC59535: pthread_mutex_lock (in /lib/libc-2.5.so) ==26330== by 0x80546B8: boost::mutex::lock() (mutex.hpp:51) ==26330== by 0x805473B: boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex>::lock() (locks.hpp:349) ==26330== by 0x8054769: boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex>::unique_lock(boost::mutex&) (locks.hpp:227) ==26330== by 0x8094711: Book::copyChangedKehaiToString(char*) const (Book.cpp:113) ==26330== by 0x80937EE: BookSerializer::serializeBook(Book const&, std::string const&) (BookSerializer.cpp:41) ==26330== by 0x808870F: SnapshotServer::run() (SnapshotServer.cpp:183) ==26330== by 0x808BAF5: boost::_mfi::mf0<void, RealThread>::operator()(RealThread*) const (mem_fn_template.hpp:49) ==26330== by 0x808BB4D: void boost::_bi::list1<boost::_bi::value<RealThread*> >::operator()<boost::_mfi::mf0<void, RealThread>, boost::_bi::list0>(boost::_bi::type<void>, boost::_mfi::mf0<void, RealThread>&, boost::_bi::list0&, int) (bind.hpp:253) For the life of me, i can't figure out where the race condition is. As far as I can tell, clearing the kehai is done only after having taken the mutex, and the same holds true with copying it to a string. Does anyone have any ideas what could be causing this, or where I should look? Thank you kindly.

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  • Can anyone explain why my crypto++ decrypted file is 16 bytes short?

    - by Tom Williams
    I suspect it might be too much to hope for, but can anyone with experience with crypto++ explain why the "decrypted.out" file created by main() is 16 characters short (which probably not coincidentally is the block size)? I think the issue must be in CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar(), but I've been staring at it and the crypto++ documentation for hours. Any other comments about how crummy or naive my std::streambuf implementation are also welcome ;-) And I've just noticed I'm missing some calls to delete so you don't have to tell me about those. Thanks, Tom // Runtime Includes #include <iostream> // Crypto++ Includes #include "aes.h" #include "modes.h" // xxx_Mode< > #include "filters.h" // StringSource and // StreamTransformation #include "files.h" using namespace std; class CryptStreamBuffer: public std::streambuf { public: CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); protected: virtual int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof()); virtual int_type uflow(); virtual int_type underflow(); virtual int_type pbackfail(int_type ch); virtual int sync(); private: int GetNextChar(); int m_NextChar; // Buffered character CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter* m_StreamTransformationFilter; CryptoPP::FileSource* m_Source; CryptoPP::FileSink* m_Sink; }; // class CryptStreamBuffer CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c); m_Source = new CryptoPP::FileSource(encryptedInput, false, m_StreamTransformationFilter); } CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_Sink = new CryptoPP::FileSink(encryptedOutput); m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c, m_Sink); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::overflow(int_type ch) { return m_StreamTransformationFilter->Put((byte)ch); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::uflow() { int_type result = GetNextChar(); // Reset the buffered character m_NextChar = traits_type::eof(); return result; } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::underflow() { return GetNextChar(); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::pbackfail(int_type ch) { return traits_type::eof(); } int CryptStreamBuffer::sync() { if (m_Sink) { m_StreamTransformationFilter->MessageEnd(); } } int CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar() { // If we have a buffered character do nothing if (m_NextChar != traits_type::eof()) { return m_NextChar; } // If there are no more bytes currently available then pump the source // *** I SUSPECT THE PROBLEM IS HERE *** if (m_StreamTransformationFilter->MaxRetrievable() == 0) { m_Source->Pump(1024); } // Retrieve the next byte byte nextByte; size_t noBytes = m_StreamTransformationFilter->Get(nextByte); if (0 == noBytes) { return traits_type::eof(); } // Buffer up the next character m_NextChar = nextByte; return m_NextChar; } void InitKey(byte key[]) { key[0] = -62; key[1] = 102; key[2] = 78; key[3] = 75; key[4] = -96; key[5] = 125; key[6] = 66; key[7] = 125; key[8] = -95; key[9] = -66; key[10] = 114; key[11] = 22; key[12] = 48; key[13] = 111; key[14] = -51; key[15] = 112; } void DecryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Decryption decryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ifs, decryptor); std::istream decrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = decrypt.get())) { ofs << (char)c; } ofs.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } void EncryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Encryption encryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ofs, encryptor); std::ostream encrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = ifs.get())) { encrypt << (char)c; } encrypt.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { EncryptFile(argv[1], "encrypted.out"); DecryptFile("encrypted.out", "decrypted.out"); return 0; }

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  • what "Debug Assertion Failed" mean and how to fix it, c++?

    - by nonon
    hi, why this program gives me a "Debug Assertion Failed" Error Message while running #include "stdafx.h" #include "iostream" #include "fstream" #include "string" using namespace std; int conv_ch(char b) { int f; f=b; b=b+0; switch(b) { case 48: f=0; break; case 49: f=1; break; case 50: f=2; break; case 51: f=3; break; case 52: f=4; break; case 53: f=5; break; case 54: f=6; break; case 55: f=7; break; case 56: f=8; break; case 57: f=9; break; default: f=0; } return f; } class Student { public: string id; size_t id_len; string first_name; size_t first_len; string last_name; size_t last_len; string phone; size_t phone_len; string grade; size_t grade_len; void print(); void clean(); }; void Student::clean() { id.erase (id.begin()+6, id.end()); first_name.erase (first_name.begin()+15, first_name.end()); last_name.erase (last_name.begin()+15, last_name.end()); phone.erase (phone.begin()+10, phone.end()); grade.erase (grade.begin()+2, grade.end()); } void Student::print() { int i; for(i=0;i<6;i++) { cout<<id[i]; } cout<<endl; for(i=0;i<15;i++) { cout<<first_name[i]; } cout<<endl; for(i=0;i<15;i++) { cout<<last_name[i]; } cout<<endl; for(i=0;i<10;i++) { cout<<phone[i]; } cout<<endl; for(i=0;i<2;i++) { cout<<grade[i]; } cout<<endl; } int main() { Student k[80]; char data[1200]; int length,i,recn=0; int rec_length; int counter = 0; fstream myfile; char x1,x2; char y1,y2; char zz; int ad=0; int ser,j; myfile.open ("example.txt",ios::in); int right; int left; int middle; string key; while(!myfile.eof()){ myfile.get(data,1200); char * pch; pch = strtok (data, "#"); printf ("%s\n", pch); j=0; for(i=0;i<6;i++) { k[recn].id[i]=data[j]; j++; } for(i=0;i<15;i++) { k[recn].first_name[i]=data[j]; j++; } for(i=0;i<15;i++) { k[recn].last_name[i]=data[j]; j++; } for(i=0;i<10;i++) { k[recn].phone[i]=data[j]; j++; } for(i=0;i<2;i++) { k[recn].grade[i]=data[j]; j++; } recn++; j=0; } //cout<<recn; string temp1; size_t temp2; int temp3; for(i=0;i<recn-1;i++) { for(j=0;j<recn-1;j++) { if(k[i].id.compare(k[j].id)<0) { temp1 = k[i].first_name; k[i].first_name = k[j].first_name; k[j].first_name = temp1; temp2 = k[i].first_len; k[i].first_len = k[j].first_len; k[j].first_len = temp2; temp1 = k[i].last_name; k[i].last_name = k[j].last_name; k[j].last_name = temp1; temp2 = k[i].last_len; k[i].last_len = k[j].last_len; k[j].last_len = temp2; temp1 = k[i].grade; k[i].grade = k[j].grade; k[j].grade = temp1; temp2 = k[i].grade_len; k[i].grade_len = k[j].grade_len; k[j].grade_len = temp2; temp1 = k[i].id; k[i].id = k[j].id; k[j].id = temp1; temp2 = k[i].id_len; k[i].id_len = k[j].id_len; k[j].id_len = temp2; temp1 = k[i].phone; k[i].phone = k[j].phone; k[j].phone = temp1; temp2 = k[i].phone_len; k[i].phone_len = k[j].phone_len; k[j].phone_len = temp2; } } } for(i=0;i<recn-1;i++) { k[i].clean(); } char z; string id_sear; cout<<"Enter 1 to display , 2 to search , 3 to exit:"; cin>>z; while(1){ switch(z) { case '1': for(i=0;i<recn-1;i++) { k[i].print(); } break; case '2': cin>>key; right=0; left=recn-2; while(right<=left) { middle=((right+left)/2); if(key.compare(k[middle].id)==0){ cout<<"Founded"<<endl; k[middle].print(); break; } else if(key.compare(k[middle].id)<0) { left=middle-1; } else { right=middle+1; } } break; case '3': exit(0); break; } cout<<"Enter 1 to display , 2 to search , 3 to exit:"; cin>>z; } return 0; } the program reads from a file example.txt 313121crewwe matt 0114323111A # 433444cristinaee john 0113344325A+# 324311matte richee 3040554032B # the idea is to read fixed size field structure with a text seprator record strucutre

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  • Why do I have such high overhead when creating tables in MSSQL7?

    - by scotty2012
    I have an old system running MSSQL7. It takes about 10.5 seconds to create the table below and another 30 seconds to add the index. Is there anything I can do to decrease these times? CREATE TABLE [dbo].[MyTable] ( [queue] [int] NOT NULL , [seqNum] [numeric](12, 0) NOT NULL , [cTime] [char] (14) NOT NULL , [msg] [char] (255) NULL , [status] [int] NOT NULL , [socket] [int] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE INDEX [search] ON [dbo].[MyTable]([queue], [seqNum], [status]) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE INDEX [new] ON [dbo].[MyTable]([queue], [status]) ON [PRIMARY]

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  • How to parse the XML file in RapidXML.

    - by user337891
    I have to parse a xml file in C++. I was researching and found rapidxml library for this. I have doubt about "doc.parse<0(xml)" can xml be .xml file or it needs to be a string or char *? If can take only string or char * then I guess I need to read the whole file and store it in a char array and pass the pointer of it to the function? Is there a way to directly use file because I would need to change the xml file inside the code also. If it is not possible in RapidXML then please suggest some other xml libraries in C++. Thanks!!! Ashd

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  • RIA Services Filter descriptor

    - by Mohit
    I have a Filterdescriptor as shown below. The propertypath is of type 'char?' I get following InvalidOperationException when I filter by entering a value Y InnerException {System.InvalidOperationException: A FilterDescriptor with its PropertyPath equal to 'Valid' cannot be evaluated. --- System.ArgumentException: Operator 'StartsWith' incompatible with operand types 'Char?' and 'Char?' --- System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null. Parameter name: method at System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.ValidateCallArgs(Expression instance, MethodInfo method, ReadOnlyCollection1& arguments) at System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(Expression instance, MethodInfo method, IEnumerable1 arguments) at System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(Expression instance, MethodInfo method, Expression[] arguments) at System.Windows.Controls.LinqHelper.GenerateMethodCall(String methodName, Expression left, Expression right) at System.Windows.Controls.LinqHelper.GenerateStartsWith(Expression left, Expression right) at System.Windows.Controls.LinqHelper.BuildFilterExpression(Expression propertyExpression, FilterOperator filterOperator, Expression valueExpression, Boolean isCaseSensitive, Expression& filterExpression) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- --- End of inner exception stack trace ---} System.Exception {System.InvalidOperationException}

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  • Extracting, then passing raw data into another class - How to avoid copying twice while maintaining

    - by Kache4
    Consider a class Book with a stl container of class Page. each Page holds a screenshot, like page10.jpg in raw vector<char> form. A Book is opened with a path to a zip, rar, or directory containing these screenshots, and uses respective methods of extracting the raw data, like ifstream inFile.read(buffer, size);, or unzReadCurrentFile(zipFile, buffer, size). It then calls the Page(const char* stream, int filesize) constructor. Right now, it's clear that the raw data is being copied twice. Once to extract to Book's local buffer and a second time in the Page ctor to the Page::vector<char>. Is there a way to maintain encapsulation while getting rid of the middleman buffer?

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  • How to read STDIN into string variable until EOF in C?

    - by NovumCoder
    Hi, im getting "Bus Error" trying to read stdin into a char* variable. I just want to read whole stuff coming over stdin and put it first into a variable, then continue working on the variable. My Code is as follows: char* content; char* c; while( scanf( "%c", c)) { strcat( content, c); } fprintf( stdout, "Size: %d", strlen( content)); But somehow i always get "Bus error" returned by calling "cat test.txt | myapp", where "myapp" is the compiled code above. My question is how do i read stdin until EOF into a variable? As you see in the code, i just want to print the size of input coming over stdin, in this case it should be equal to the size of the file "test.txt". I thought just using scanf would be enough, maybe buffered way to read stdin?

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  • Cannot call SAPI from dll

    - by Quandary
    Question: The below code works fine as long as it is in an executable. It uses the msft (text-to-)speech API (SAPI). But as soon as I put it in a dll and load it with loadlibrary from an executable, it doesn't work. I've also tried to change CoInitialize(NULL); to CoInitializeEx(NULL,COINIT_MULTITHREADED); and I tried with all possible flags ( COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED, COINIT_MULTITHREADED, COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE, COINIT_SPEED_OVER_MEMORY) But it's always stuck at hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(SpVoice), NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_ISpVoice, (void **) &pVoice); I also tried those flags here: CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,CLSCTX_SERVER, CLSCTX_ALL, but nothing seems to help... There are no errors, it doesn't crash, it just sleeps forever at CoCreateInstance... This is the code as single exe (working) #include <windows.h> #include <sapi.h> #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { ISpVoice * pVoice = NULL; //CoInitializeEx(NULL,COINIT_MULTITHREADED); HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL); if( FAILED(hr) ) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Failed To Initialize"), TEXT("Error"),0); printf("Failed!\n"); char buffer[2000] ; sprintf(buffer, "An error occured: 0x%08X.\n", hr); FILE * pFile = fopen ( "c:\\temp\\CoInitialize_exe.txt" , "w" ); fwrite (buffer , 1 , sizeof(buffer) , pFile ); fclose (pFile); } else { //CoGetClassObject(CLSID_SpVoice, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, NULL, IID_IClassFactory, (void**) &pClsF); //hr = CoGetClassObject(CLSID_SpVoice, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, NULL, IID_IClassFactory, (void**) &pClsF); hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(SpVoice), NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_ISpVoice, (void **) &pVoice); //HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SpVoice, NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, IID_ISpVoice, (void **) &pVoice); if( SUCCEEDED( hr ) ) { hr = pVoice->Speak(L"Test Test", 0, NULL); hr = pVoice->Speak(L"This sounds normal <pitch middle = '-10'/> but the pitch drops half way through", SPF_IS_XML, NULL ); pVoice->Release(); pVoice = NULL; } else { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Failed To Create a COM instance..."), TEXT("Error"),0); char buffer[2000] ; sprintf(buffer, "An error occured: 0x%08X.\n", hr); FILE * pFile = fopen ( "c:\\temp\\CoCreateInstance_exe.txt" , "w" ); fwrite (buffer , 1 , sizeof(buffer) , pFile ); fclose (pFile); } } CoUninitialize(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } This is the exe loading the dll (stays forever at printf("trying to create instance.\n"); ) #include <windows.h> #include <sapi.h> #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { // C:\Windows\System32\Speech\Common\sapi.dll //LoadLibraryA("sapi.dll"); LoadLibraryA("Sapidll2.dll"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; // Frankly, that would be nice... } And this is Sapidll2.dll // dllmain.cpp : Defines the entry point for the DLL application. #include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <string> #include <windows.h> #include <sapi.h> int init_engine() { ISpVoice * pVoice = NULL; //HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED); HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL); if(FAILED(hr) ) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Failed To Initialize"), TEXT("Error"), 0); char buffer[2000] ; sprintf(buffer, "An error occured: 0x%08X.\n", hr); FILE * pFile = fopen ( "c:\\temp\\CoInitialize_dll.txt" , "w" ); fwrite (buffer , 1 , strlen(buffer) , pFile ); fclose (pFile); } else { printf("trying to create instance.\n"); //HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SpVoice, NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, IID_ISpVoice, (void **) &pVoice); //hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SpVoice, NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, IID_ISpVoice, (void **) &pVoice); //HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(ISpVoice), NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_ISpVoice, (void **) &pVoice); HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(SpVoice), NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, IID_ISpVoice, (void **) &pVoice); if( SUCCEEDED( hr ) ) { printf("Succeeded\n"); //hr = pVoice->Speak(L"The text to speech engine has been successfully initialized.", 0, NULL); } else { printf("failed\n"); MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Failed To Create COM instance"), TEXT("Error"), 0); char buffer[2000] ; sprintf(buffer, "An error occured: 0x%08X.\n", hr); FILE * pFile = fopen ( "c:\\temp\\CoCreateInstance_dll.txt" , "w" ); fwrite (buffer , 1 , strlen(buffer) , pFile ); fclose (pFile); } } if(pVoice != NULL) { pVoice->Release(); pVoice = NULL; } CoUninitialize(); return true ; } BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved) { switch (ul_reason_for_call) { case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH: init_engine(); break; case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH: case DLL_THREAD_DETACH: case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH: break; } return TRUE; }

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  • cannot convert from 'cli::array<Type> ^' to 'cli::array<Type> ^[]'

    - by user1576628
    I'm pretty new to C++/CLI and I am trying to convert a System::String to a System::Char array. Here's what I have so far: private: System::Void modeToolStripMenuItem_Click(System::Object^ sender, System::EventArgs^ e) { Mode frmMode; if(frmMode.ShowDialog() == System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult::OK){ array <Char>^ load [] = gcnew array<Char>(txtbxName->Text->ToCharArray()); } } txtbxName is a textbox inside a the form. Supposedly, this should work, but I get the compiler error: error C2440: cannot convert from 'cli::array<Type> ^' to 'cli::array<Type> ^[]' for the fourth line of the snippet.

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  • WPF DataGridTextColumn Can't type point for float data

    - by Alvin
    I had a WPF DataGrid and use DataGridTextColumn Binding to a Collection. The items in Collection had some float property. When my program launched, I modify the value of float property in DataGrid, if I type a integer value, it works well. But if I type char . for a float value, char . can't be typed. I had to type all the numbers first, and then jump to the . position to type char . to finish my input. So how can I type . in my situation? Thanks.

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  • strcpy v/s memcpy

    - by Sachin Chourasiya
    What is the difference between memcpy() and strcpy()? I tried to find it with the help of a program but both are giving the same output. int main() { char s[5]={'s','a','\0','c','h'}; char p[5]; char t[5]; strcpy(p,s); memcpy(t,s,5); printf("sachin p is [%s], t is [%s]",p,t); return 0; } Output sachin p is [sa], t is [sa]

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  • JNA and ZBar(library for bar code reader)

    - by user219120
    I'm creating Java Interface with JNA for ZBar(library for bar code reader). In JNA, structures in C are needed to declare. For example:: // In C typedef struct { char* id; char* name; int age; char* sectionId } EMPLOYEE; to // In Java with JNA public static class Employee extends Structure { // com.sun.jna.Structure String id; String name; int age; String sectionId; } But in ZBar, structures have no members. For example:: // zbar-0.10/include/zbar.h // line:1009-1011 struct zbar_image_scanner_s; /** opaque image scanner object. */ typedef struct zbar_image_scanner_s zbar_image_scanner_t; That doesn't declare size or members of the structures. How can I write interfaces for these structures in JNA?

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  • database datatype size

    - by yeeen
    Just to clarify by specifying sth like VARCHAR(45) means it can take up to max 45 characters? I rmb I heard from someone a few years ago that the number in the parathesis doesn't refer to the no of characters, then the person tried to explain to me sth quite complicated which i don't understand n forgot alr. And what is the difference btn CHAR and VARCHAR? I did search ard a bit and see that CHAR gives u the max of the size of the column and it is better to use it if ur data has a fix size and use VARCHAR if ur data size varies. But if it gives u the max of the size of the column of all the data of this col, isn't it better to use it when ur data size varies? Esp if u don't know how big is ur data size gg to be. VARCHAR needs to specify the size (CHAR don't really need right?), isn't it more troublesome?

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  • algorithm diagram

    - by tunl
    This is the max searching algorithm diagram: So, I wonder how can draw diagram for Recursion in HaNoi Tower program: package tunl; public class TowersApp { static int n = 3; public static void main(String[] args) { TowersApp.doTowers(3, 'A', 'B', 'C'); } public static void doTowers(int n, char from, char inter, char to) { if (n == 1) { System.out.println("disk 1 from "+ from + " to " + to); } else { doTowers(n-1, from, to, inter); System.out.println("disk " + n + " from " + from + " to " + to); doTowers(n-1, inter, from, to); } } } I can't draw it. Anyone can help me !!!

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  • Using boost::iostreams to parse a binary file byte by byte

    - by Zsol
    So I would like to parse a binary file and extract some data from it. The problem I am facing with this is that I need to convert a stream of chars to a stream of unsigned chars. Reading the boost documentation, it seems that boost::iostreams::code_converter should be the solution for this, so I tried this: typedef unsigned char uint8_t; typedef boost::iostreams::stream<boost::iostreams::code_converter< boost::iostreams::basic_array_source<uint8_t> >, std::codecvt<uint8_t, char, std::mbstate_t> > array_stream; The idea was to specify a codecvt with InternalType=uint8_t and ExternalType=char. Unfortunately this does not compile. So the question is: how do I convert a stream of chars to a stream of uint8_ts?

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