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• First could access the repository next cannot

  - by Banani

  Hi! I have configured svnserve (1.6.5,plain, without apache) on Fedora 12. I could ran the following svn subcommands which access the repository after configuration. Such as, commit, update,checkout, list. But, when next time ( after stopping,ctrl-c and then starting svnserve)I tried above commands, could not access the repository. This is happening both from local and remote machine. I ran svn and svnserve as below. 'svn commit svn://127.0.0.1/myrepository/' from local client. 'svnserve -d --foregorund --listen-port=3690 -r /path-to-repository/mypository/' To understand the problem better, I created another repository and found similar behavior . Frist I could access the repository and next I could not. I tried doing strace on svnserve, but don't uderstand much of it. Below is the partial output. accept(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(54425), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0 .1")}, [16]) = 4 fcntl64(4, F_GETFD) = 0 fcntl64(4, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 waitpid(-1, 0xbfcdf31c, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED) = -1 ECHILD (No child processes) clone(child_stack=0, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, chil d_tidptr=0xb7743758) = 9737 close(4) = 0 accept(3, 0xbfcdf2bc, [128]) = ? ERESTARTSYS (To be restarted) --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- sigreturn() = ? (mask now []) waitpid(-1, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], WNOHANG|WSTOPPED) = 9737 waitpid(-1, 0xbfcdf31c, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED) = -1 ECHILD (No child processes) My question: Why user are not able to access the repository anymore? What information the strace output gives about this problem? Any help is much appreciated. Thanks. Banani

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• X-Forwarded-For causing Undefined index in PHP

  - by bateman_ap

  Hi, I am trying to integrate some third party tracking code into one of my sites, however it is throwing up some errors, and their support isn't being much use, so i want to try and fix their code myself. Most I have fixed, however this function is giving me problems: private function getXForwardedFor() { $s =& $this; $xff_ips = array(); $headers = $s->getHTTPHeaders(); if ($headers['X-Forwarded-For']) { $xff_ips[] = $headers['X-Forwarded-For']; } if ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) { $xff_ips[] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; } return implode(', ', $xff_ips); // will return blank if not on a web server } In my dev enviroment where I am showing all errors I am getting: Notice: Undefined index: X-Forwarded-For in /sites/webs/includes/OmnitureMeasurement.class.php on line 1129 Line 1129 is: if ($headers['X-Forwarded-For']) { If I print out $headers I get: Array ( [Host] => www.domain.com [User-Agent] => Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-GB; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.3 [Accept] => text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 [Accept-Language] => en-gb,en;q=0.5 [Accept-Encoding] => gzip,deflate [Accept-Charset] => ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 [Keep-Alive] => 115 [Connection] => keep-alive [Referer] => http://www10.toptable.com/ [Cookie] => PHPSESSID=nh9jd1ianmr4jon2rr7lo0g553; __utmb=134653559.30.10.1275901644; __utmc=134653559 [Cache-Control] => max-age=0 ) I can't see X-Forwarded-For in there which I think is causing the problem. Is there something I should add to the function to take this into account? I am using PHP 5.3 and Apache 2 on Fedora

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• Can the Subversion client (svn) derefence symbolic links as if they were files?

  - by Ryan B. Lynch

  I have a directory on a Linux system that mostly contains symlinks to files on a different filesystem. I'd like to add the directory to a Subversion repository, dereferencing the symlinks in the process (treating them as the files they point to, rather than links). Generally, I'd like to be able to handle any working-copy operations with this behavior, but the 'svn add' command is where it starts, I think. The SVN client utility doesn't appear to have any options related to symlink dereferencing in the working copy. I didn't find any references to this in the manual (http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/index.html), either. I found a poster on the SVN users mailing list who asked the same question but never received an answer, here: http://markmail.org/message/ngchfnzlmm43yj7h (That poster ended up using hard links instead of symlinks. That technique is not an option, in my case, because the real underlying files reside on a separate filesystem.) I'm using Subversion v1.6.1 on Fedora 11. For what it's worth, I know that there are alternative tools/techniques that could help approximate this behavior, but which I have to discard for various reasons. I've already considered [and dust-binned] these possibilities: - a "union" mount, merging all of the the directories containing the real files, with the SVN working-copy directory as the "top" layer in the union; - copying/moving the real files to the same filesystem as the SVN working-copy, and using hardlinks instead of symlinks; - non-SVN version control systems. These were all neat ideas, and I'm sure they are good solutions to other problems, but they won't work given the constraints of this environment and situation.

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• Building a custom Linux Live CD

  - by Mike Heinz

  Can anyone point me to a good tutorial on creating a bootable Linux CD from scratch? I need help with a fairly specialized problem: my firm sells an expansion card that requires custom firmware. Currently we use an extremely old live CD image of RH7.2 that we update with current firmware. Manufacturing puts the cards in a machine, boots off the CD, the CD writes the firmware, they power off and pull the cards. Because of this cycle, it's essential that the CD boot and shut down as quickly as possible. The problem is that with the next generation of cards, I have to update the CD to a 2.6 kernel. It's easy enough to acquire a pre-existing live CD - but those all are designed for showing off Linux on the desktop - which means they take forever to boot. Can anyone fix me up with a current How-To? Update: So, just as a final update for anyone reading this later - the tool I ended up using was "livecd-creator". My reason for choosing this tool was that it is available for RedHat-based distributions like CentOs, Fedora and RHEL - which are all distributions that my company supports already. In addition, while the project is very poorly documented it is extremely customizable. I was able to create a minimal LiveCD and edit the boot sequence so that it booted directly into the firmware updater instead of a bash shell. The whole job would have only taken an hour or two if there had been a README explaining the configuration file!

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• How do you fix loading plugins in eclipse 3.5.1 on linux?

  - by Jay R.

  I have two linux boxes. Both Fedora 11 x64. On one, I downloaded the eclipse-java-galileo-SR1-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz. I unpacked it to /opt/eclipse-3.5.1/ and used the Install New Software... item to install the SVN team provider and the Polarion SVN connectors. Everything works. On the second, I copied the tar.gar for eclipse there, and then tried to follow the same steps. When I get to the install SVN team provided, eclipse downloads it and claims to install it and asks to restart. I restart and there is no SVN support. The software installer knows its there because I can't reinstall it without uninstalling it. So the questions: Why isn't the plugin/feature loading for the SVN Team Support? Is there a checkbox that I forgot about that enables the plugin? Is there a command line option that will force reload all of the features on the disk? I've tried to install other things like findbugs, but I get the same result. I have no messages in the log file indicating an exception or anything like that.

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• Make Errors: Missing Includes in C++ Script?

  - by Abs

  Hello all, I just got help in how to compile this script a few mintues ago on SO but I have managed to get errors. I am only a beginner in C++ and have no idea what the below erros means or how to fix it. This is the script in question. I have read the comments from some users suggesting they changed the #include parts but it seems to be exactly what the script has, see this comment. [root@localhost wkthumb]# qmake-qt4 && make g++ -c -pipe -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m32 -march=i386 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/usr/lib/qt4/mkspecs/linux-g++ -I. -I/usr/include/QtCore -I/usr/include/QtGui -I/usr/include -I. -I. -I. -o main.o main.cpp main.cpp:5:20: error: QWebView: No such file or directory main.cpp:6:21: error: QWebFrame: No such file or directory main.cpp:8: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘*’ token main.cpp:11: error: ‘QWebView’ has not been declared main.cpp: In function ‘void loadFinished(bool)’: main.cpp:18: error: ‘view’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:18: error: ‘QWebSettings’ has not been declared main.cpp:19: error: ‘QWebSettings’ has not been declared main.cpp:20: error: ‘QWebSettings’ has not been declared main.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’: main.cpp:42: error: ‘view’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:42: error: expected type-specifier before ‘QWebView’ main.cpp:42: error: expected `;' before ‘QWebView’ make: *** [main.o] Error 1 I have the web kit on my Fedora Core 10 machine: qt-4.5.3-9.fc10.i386 qt-devel-4.5.3-9.fc10.i386 Thanks all for any help

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• [RPM Building] How to take user input during install

  - by Sam

  So when I create a debian package, I am able to write a post-installation shell script that runs just fine. Currently mine is configured to do echo "Please enter your MySQL Database user (default root)" read MYSQL_USER echo "Please enter the MySQL Database user password (default root)" read -s MYSQL_PASS DBEXIST=0 CMD="create database lportal;use lportal;" (mysql -u$MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASS -e "$CMD") || ((DBEXIST++)) if [ $DBEXIST -ne 0 ]; then echo "Setup finished, but MySQL already has an lportal table. This could be from a previous installation of Liferay. If you want a fresh installation of this bundle, please remove the lportal table and reinstall this package." fi This works fine for Ubuntu. However, I can't seem to get user input to work with RPMs for Fedora. Is there a good way to take user input? From what I understand, RPMs were designed not to allow interactive installs. However I can't see a better way to do this.. Is there possibly a way to automatically find local MySQL settings without asking the user? Otherwise, what's the best way to ask for user input?

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• Configure Django project in a subdirectory using mod_python. Admin not working.

  - by David

  HI guys. I was trying to configure my django project in a subdirectory of the root, but didn't get things working.(LOcally it works perfect). I followed the django official django documentarion to deploy a project with mod_python. The real problem is that I am getting "Page not found" errors, whenever I try to go to the admin or any view of my apps. Here is my python.conf file located in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ in Fedora 7 LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so SetHandler python-program PythonHandler django.core.handlers.modpython SetEnv DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE mysite.settings PythonOption django.root /mysite PythonDebug On PythonPath "['/var/www/vhosts/mysite.com/httpdocs','/var/www/vhosts/mysite.com/httpdocs/mysite'] + sys.path" I know /var/www/ is not the best place to put my django project, but I just want to send a demo of my work in progress to my customer, later I will change the location. For example. If I go to www.domain.com/mysite/ I get the index view I configured in mysite.urls. But I cannot access to my app.urls (www.domain.com/mysite/app/) and any of the admin.urls.(www.domain.com/mysite/admin/) Here is mysite.urls: urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^admin/password_reset/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset', name='password_reset'), (r'^password_reset/done/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_done'), (r'^reset/(?P<uidb36>[0-9A-Za-z]+)-(?P<token>.+)/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm'), (r'^reset/done/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_complete'), (r'^$', 'app.views.index'), (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), (r'^app/', include('mysite.app.urls')), (r'^photologue/', include('photologue.urls')), ) I also tried changing admin.site.urls with ''django.contrib.admin.urls' , but it didn't worked. I googled a lot to solve this problem and read how other developers configure their django project, but didn't find too much information to deploy django in a subdirectory. I have the admin enabled in INSTALLED_APPS and the settings.py is ok. Please if you have any guide or telling me what I am doing wrong it will be much appreciated. THanks.

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• How to check successful copy() function execution in php?

  - by OM The Eternity

  How to check successful copy() function execution in php? I am using the following code: <? function full_copy( $source, $target ) { if ( is_dir( $source ) ) { @mkdir( $target ); $d = dir( $source ); while ( FALSE !== ( $entry = $d->read() ) ) { if ( $entry == '.' || $entry == '..' ) { continue; } $Entry = $source . '/' . $entry; if ( is_dir( $Entry ) ) { full_copy( $Entry, $target . '/' . $entry ); continue; } copy( $Entry, $target . '/' . $entry ); } $d->close(); }else { copy( $source, $target ); } } $source ='.'; $destination = '/html/parth/'; full_copy($source, $destination); ?> I do not get anything in my parth folder. Why? I am using Windows, Script is executed on fedora system (its my server)...

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• PHP bcompiler install

  - by dobs

  How to install bcompiler on Fedora, have this error: [root@server server]# pecl install channel://pecl.php.net/bcompiler-0.9.1 downloading bcompiler-0.9.1.tgz ... Starting to download bcompiler-0.9.1.tgz (47,335 bytes) .............done: 47,335 bytes 10 source files, building running: phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20090626 Zend Module Api No: 20090626 Zend Extension Api No: 220090626 building in /var/tmp/pear-build-server/bcompiler-0.9.1 running: /var/tmp/bcompiler/configure checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed checking for cc... cc checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking for suffix of executables... checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes .... /var/tmp/bcompiler/bcompiler.c:2174: ?????????: expected ‘struct zend_arg_info *’ but argument is of type ‘const struct _zend_arg_info *’ /var/tmp/bcompiler/bcompiler.c: ? ??????? ‘apc_serialize_zend_class_entry’: /var/tmp/bcompiler/bcompiler.c:3100: ??????????????: ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? /var/tmp/bcompiler/bcompiler.c:3107: ??????????????: ???????? ????????? 1 ‘apc_serialize_zend_function_entry’ ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? /var/tmp/bcompiler/bcompiler.c:2874: ?????????: expected ‘struct zend_function_entry *’ but argument is of type ‘const struct _zend_function_entry *’ /var/tmp/bcompiler/bcompiler.c: ? ??????? ‘apc_deserialize_zend_class_entry’: /var/tmp/bcompiler/bcompiler.c:3324: ??????????????: ???????? ????????? 1 ‘apc_deserialize_zend_function_entry’ ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? /var/tmp/bcompiler/bcompiler.c:2900: ?????????: expected ‘struct zend_function_entry *’ but argument is of type ‘const struct _zend_function_entry *’ make: *** [bcompiler.lo] ?????? 1 ERROR: 'make' failed yum install bzip2-libs bzip2-devel - Fix it...

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• Errors when switching to specific static IP

  - by michaelc

  I had a Fedora box running using my static IP 69.169.136.6, etc, all configured according to what the ISP required. Just recently the hard drive failed (and I should have been keeping better backups) - while it is being recovered I would like to put up a webpage on my Archlinux PC explaining the problem - I presently do not have sufficient access to change the DNS record assigned to the domain. When I change my ip address while my system is running to 69.169.136.6, ifconfig reports the new ip address, but http://whatismyip.com/ does not. When I change it and reboot, I can't ping - the message I recieve is "connect: Network is unreachable" (when given one of google.com 's IP addresses - hostnames give me ping: unknown host xxx). Until I have access to the DNS system, what can I do to make this work? Edit: With new IP address, same problem, IP is now 69.169.136.29. Some commands might be useful: #ping 69.169.136.1 PING 69.169.136.1 (69.169.136.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 69.169.136.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.377 ms #ping 69.169.190.211 connect: Network is unreachable #ping 208.72.160.67 connect: Network is unreachable #ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:E0:4D:97:23:9B inet addr:69.169.136.29 Bcast:69.169.137.255 Mask:255.255.254.0 inet6 addr: fe80::2e0:4dff:fe97:239b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:132091 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:17 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:9635179 (9.1 Mb) TX bytes:1322 (1.2 Kb) Interrupt:29 Base address:0x6000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2480 (2.4 Kb) TX bytes:2480 (2.4 Kb) #ip route 69.169.136.0/23 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 69.169.136.29 #cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by dhcpcd #nameserver 208.67.222.222 #nameserver 208.67.220.220 nameserver 69.169.190.211 nameserver 208.72.160.67 # /etc/resolv.conf.tail can replace this line Update: have new static IP addresses, verified to work in Windows... Relevant portions of /etc/rc.conf below: #Static IP example #eth0="eth0 69.169.136.6 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.136.1" #eth0="eth0 69.169.136.29 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.137.255" eth0="eth0 69.169.136.32 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.137.255" #eth0="dhcp" INTERFACES=(eth0) # Routes to start at boot-up (in this order) # Declare each route then list in ROUTES # - prefix an entry in ROUTES with a ! to disable it # #gateway="default gw 192.168.0.1" gateway="default gw 69.169.136.1" #gateway="69.169.136.1" ROUTES=(!gateway) #ROUTES=()

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• Can't ssh tunnel to access a remote mysql server

  - by hobbes3

  I can't seem to figure out why I can't use ssh tunnel to connect to my remote MySQL server. I do ssh tunnel with [hobbes3@hobbes3] ~ $ ssh linode -L 3307:localhost:3306 Then on another terminal, I try [hobbes3@hobbes3] ~ $ mysql -h localhost -P 3307 -u root --protocol=tcp -p Enter password: ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 2 On the server, it shows this: root@li534-120 ~ # channel 4: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused Here is my my.cnf on the server: [mysqld] # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used (fedora >= 15). # If you need to run mysqld under different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mysqld according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd user=mysql datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Semisynchronous Replication # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/replication-semisync.html # uncomment next line on MASTER ;plugin-load=rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so # uncomment next line on SLAVE ;plugin-load=rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so # Others options for Semisynchronous Replication ;rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1 ;rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=10 ;rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/performance-schema.html ;performance_schema [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [mysqld] port = 3306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 64M max_allowed_packet = 128M sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache = 8 max_connections = 25 query_cache_size = 16M table_open_cache = 1024 table_definition_cache = 1024 tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M bind-address = 0.0.0.0 Now sure if this helps but here is the MySQL user list: mysql> select * from mysql.user; +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+ | Host | User | Password | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Reload_priv | Shutdown_priv | Process_priv | File_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Show_db_priv | Super_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Execute_priv | Repl_slave_priv | Repl_client_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Create_user_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv | Create_tablespace_priv | ssl_type | ssl_cipher | x509_issuer | x509_subject | max_questions | max_updates | max_connections | max_user_connections | plugin | authentication_string | +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+ | localhost | root | *664328D3C5E263F4FB25185681AAE7E92B01B2B0 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | 127.0.0.1 | root | *664328D3C5E263F4FB25185681AAE7E92B01B2B0 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | ::1 | root | *664328D3C5E263F4FB25185681AAE7E92B01B2B0 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) I read about how MySQL treats localhost vs 127.0.0.1 as connecting via a socket or TCP, respectively. But I'm starting to get confused on what's really going on or if socket vs TCP is even the issue. Thanks in advance and I'm open for any tips and suggestions! Some more info: My MySQL client, running OS X 10.8.4, is mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.10, for osx10.8 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper My MySQL server, running on CentOS 6.4 32-bit, is mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%version%"; +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | innodb_version | 1.1.8 | | protocol_version | 10 | | slave_type_conversions | | | version | 5.5.28 | | version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) by Remi | | version_compile_machine | i686 | | version_compile_os | Linux | +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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• How can I install things in Linux with *no yum* and *no wget*?

  - by e9t

  I'm a newbie to Linux (that mainly uses Windows and Mac OS X) needing some advice. I was trying to install git on a Linux machine today, and encountered some problems: Not knowing the version of the installed OS, I've opened the /proc/version file which said: Linux version 2.6.9-42.0.2.ELsmp ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-3)) #1 SMP Thu Aug 17 17:57:31 EDT 2006 Then, as written in the git documents (http://git-scm.com/download/linux), I assumed I could use the yum install git command for Fedora, but got the following result. [root@myserver ~]# yum install git -bash: yum: command not found So I tried installing yum using wget, but wasn't so lucky. [root@myserver ~]# wget http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/download/2.0/yum-2.0.7.tar.gz -bash: wget: command not found I googled and found this page and this page, so tried installing yum with rpm, but only got a result full of question marks. (Possibly an encoding problem, hmm...) [root@myserver ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.eomy.net/linux/install-yum-x86_64/wget-1.10.2-0.40E.x86_64.rpm http://www.eomy.net/linux/install-yum-x86_64/wget-1.10.2-0.40E.x86_64.rpm(??)?? ?????? ?: /var/tmp/rpm-xfer.TbuAOu: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 443e1821 ???.. ########################################### [100%] wget-1.10.2-0.40E U???????g??????? wget-1.10.2-0.40E???? ??g??/usr/bin/wget ?? wget-1.10.2-0.40E U?????? ???? wget-1.10.2-0.40E???? ??g??/usr/share/man/man1/wget.1.gz ?? wget-1.10.2-0.40E U?????? ???? [root@myserver ~]# Finally, when I typed rpm --version in the terminal, I got the below results. [root@myserver ~]# rpm --version RPM ???? - 4.3.3 I would like to know what I can do or possibly try now. Is it not possible to wget or yum anything in my situation? Or is there any magical tool like homebrew (http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/) that I can use? Any comments or advice would be appreciated. Thanks in advance!

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• Why do I see a large performance hit with DRBD?

  - by BHS

  I see a much larger performance hit with DRBD than their user manual says I should get. I'm using DRBD 8.3.7 (Fedora 13 RPMs). I've setup a DRBD test and measured throughput of disk and network without DRBD: dd if=/dev/zero of=/data.tmp bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 4.62985 s, 116 MB/s / is a logical volume on the disk I'm testing with, mounted without DRBD iperf: [ 4] 0.0-10.0 sec 1.10 GBytes 941 Mbits/sec According to Throughput overhead expectations, the bottleneck would be whichever is slower, the network or the disk and DRBD should have an overhead of 3%. In my case network and I/O seem to be pretty evenly matched. It sounds like I should be able to get around 100 MB/s. So, with the raw drbd device, I get dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/drbd2 bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 6.61362 s, 81.2 MB/s which is slower than I would expect. Then, once I format the device with ext4, I get dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data.tmp bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 9.60918 s, 55.9 MB/s This doesn't seem right. There must be some other factor playing into this that I'm not aware of. global_common.conf global { usage-count yes; } common { protocol C; } syncer { al-extents 1801; rate 33M; } data_mirror.res resource data_mirror { device /dev/drbd1; disk /dev/sdb1; meta-disk internal; on cluster1 { address 192.168.33.10:7789; } on cluster2 { address 192.168.33.12:7789; } } For the hardware I have two identical machines: 6 GB RAM Quad core AMD Phenom 3.2Ghz Motherboard SATA controller 7200 RPM 64MB cache 1TB WD drive The network is 1Gb connected via a switch. I know that a direct connection is recommended, but could it make this much of a difference? Edited I just tried monitoring the bandwidth used to try to see what's happening. I used ibmonitor and measured average bandwidth while I ran the dd test 10 times. I got: avg ~450Mbits writing to ext4 avg ~800Mbits writing to raw device It looks like with ext4, drbd is using about half the bandwidth it uses with the raw device so there's a bottleneck that is not the network.

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• Apache Simple Configuration Issue: Setting up per-user directory permission denied problem

  - by Huckphin

  Hello. I am just getting Apache 2.2 running on Fedora 13 Beta 64-bit. I am running into issues setting my per-user directory. The goal is to make localhost/~user map to /home/~user/public_html. I think that I have the permissions right because I have 755 to /home/~user, and I have 755 to /home/~user/public_html/ and I have 777 for all contents inside of /home/~user/public_html/ recursively set. My mod_userdir configuration looks like this: <IfModule mod_userdir.c> # # UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence # of a username on the system (depending on home directory # permissions). # UserDir disabled root UserDir enabled huckphin # # To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html # directory, remove the "UserDir disabled" line above, and uncomment # the following line instead: # UserDir public_html The error that I am seeing in the error log is this: [Sat May 15 09:54:29 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to /~huckphin/index.html denied When I login as the apache user, I know that /~huckphin does not exist, and this is not what I want. I want it to be accessing ~huckphin, not /~huckphin. What do I need to change on my configuration for this to work? [Added after comments] Hi Andol, thank you for your suggestions. So, first off, you said that you assume that I have the userdir module enabled, but I am not sure what that means exactly. That could be part of the problem. I do have the Module loaded, using the LoadModule directive. I have this: LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so I also did a find on where mod_userdir is, and I found it located here: [huckphin@crhyner-workbox]/% find / . -name '*mod_userdir.so*' 2> /dev/null /usr/lib64/lighttpd/mod_userdir.so /usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_userdir.so Is there something else I need to enable? Also, my directory configuration was mentioned. I have uncommented the default configuration given. I have not looked into what all of the configurations mean, and this could probably explain the issue. Here is the Directory that I have for the user directories: <Directory "/home/*/public_html"> AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Limit> <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> Order deny,allow Deny from all </LimitExcept> </Directory>

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• RHEL5: Can't create sparse file bigger than 256GB in tmpfs

  - by John Kugelman

  /var/log/lastlog gets written to when you log in. The size of this file is based off of the largest UID in the system. The larger the maximum UID, the larger this file is. Thankfully it's a sparse file so the size on disk is much smaller than the size ls reports (ls -s reports the size on disk). On our system we're authenticating against an Active Directory server, and the UIDs users are assigned end up being really, really large. Like, say, UID 900,000,000 for the first AD user, 900,000,001 for the second, etc. That's strange but should be okay. It results in /var/log/lastlog being huuuuuge, though--once an AD user logs in lastlog shows up as 280GB. Its real size is still small, thankfully. This works fine when /var/log/lastlog is stored on the hard drive on an ext3 filesystem. It breaks, however, if lastlog is stored in a tmpfs filesystem. Then it appears that the max file size for any file on the tmpfs is 256GB, so the sessreg program errors out trying to write to lastlog. Where is this 256GB limit coming from, and how can I increase it? As a simple test for creating large sparse files I've been doing: dd if=/dev/zero of=sparse-file bs=1 count=1 seek=300GB I've tried Googling for "tmpfs max file size", "256GB filesystem limit", "linux max file size", things like that. I haven't been able to find much. The only mention of 256GB I can find is that ext3 filesystems with 2KB blocks are limited to 256GB files. But our hard drives are formatted with 4K blocks so that doesn't seem to be it--not to mention this is happening in a tmpfs mounted ON TOP of the hard drive so the ext3 partition shouldn't be a factor. This is all happening on a 64-bit Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 system. Interestingly, on my personal development machine, which is a 32-bit Fedora Core 6 box, I can create 300GB+ files in tmpfs filesystems no problem. On the RHEL5.4 systems it is no go.

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• Debugging IO limitation

  - by Martin F

  I have a Fedora box with some severe IO limitations which I have no idea how to debug. The server has a Areca Technology Corp. ARC-1130 12-Port PCI-X to SATA RAID Controller with 12 7200 RPM 1.5 TB disks and a Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88E8050 PCI-E ASF Gigabit Ethernet Controller. uname -a output: 2.6.32.11-99.fc12.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Apr 5 19:59:38 UTC 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux The server is a file server running Nginx with the stub status module enabled, so I can see the current amount of connections. The problem present itself when I have a high number of simultaneous connections in a writing state. Usually around 350, at this very moment it's at 590 and the server is almost unusable and stuck at 230mbit/s. If I run stop and hit 1 to see CPU core usages I have all 4 cores with around 99% io wait, if I run iotop the nginx workers are the only processes producing any read load, currently at around 25MB/s. I have each of the workers bound to their own core. Initially I figured it was just the disks being bugged. But I've run fscheck and smartmontools checks and found no errors. I also ran an iozone test which you can see the result of here: http://www.pastie.org/951667.txt?key=fimcvljulnuqy2dcdxa Additionally, when the amount of connections are low I have no problem getting a good speed. If I wget over the local network it easily hits 60MB/sec. Right now I just tried putting a file in /dev/shm, then I symlinked a file from the public dir to it and used wget over the local network and only got 50KB/s. Also, if I try to cp /dev/shm/test /root/test it quickly copies around 740MB and then slows down HEAVILY. Again with iotop reporting 99% iowait. I'm not really sure how to go about figuring out what the problems are. It could be a natural disk limitation but then the file from /dev/shm ought to transfer so it seems there's a network limit, but that's fine when there's not many connections. Perhaps it's a TCP stack problem but I really have no idea how to check that. Any suggestions on how to proceed with debugging would be very welcome. If additional information is required then let me know and I'll try to get it. Thanks.

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• Configuring gmail for use on mailing lists

  - by reemrevnivek

  This is really two questions in one. First, are nettiquette guidelines still accurate in their restrictions on ASCII vs. HTML, posting style, and line length? (Here's a recent metafilter discussion of the topic.) Second, If they are not, should these guidelines be respected? If they are (or if they should still be respected), how can modern mail programs be configured to work properly with them? Most mailing list etiquette statements appear to have been written by sysadmins who loved their command lines, and refuse to change anything. Many still reference rfc1855, written in 1995. Just reading that paginated TXT should give you an idea of the climate at the time. Here's a short, fairly random list of mailing list etiquette statements with some extracted formatting guidelines: Mozilla - HTML discouraged, interleaved posting. FreeBSD - No HTML, don't top post, line length at 75 characters. Fedora - No HTML, bottom-post. You get the idea. You've all seen etiquette statements before. So, assuming that the rules should be obeyed (Usually a good idea), what can be done to allow me to still use a modern mail program, and exchange mail with friends who use the same programs? We like to format our mail. Bold headings, code snippets (sometimes syntax highlighted, if the copy-paste pulls RTF text as from XCOde and Eclipse), free line breaks determined by your browser width, and the (very) occasional image make the message easier to read. Threaded conversations are a wonderful thing. Broadband connections are, I'm sure, the rule for most of the users of SU and of developer mailing lists, disk space is cheap, and so the overhead of HTML is laughable. However, I don't want to post a question to a mailing list and have the guru who can answer my question automatically delete it, or come off as uncaring. Until I hear otherwise, I'll continue to respect the rules as best I can. For a common example of the problem, Gmail, by default, sends HTML formatted messages with bottom-posted quotes (which are folded in, just read the last message immediately above), and uses the frame width to wrap lines, rather than a character count. ASCII can be selected, and quotes can be moved and reversed, but line wraps of quotes don't work, line breaks are tedious to add (and more tedious to read, if they're super small in comparison to the width of the frame). Is there a forwarding, free mail program which can help with this exercise? Should an "RFC1855 mode" lab be written? Or do I have to go to the command line for my mailing lists, and gmail for my other mail?

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• File/folder permissions and groups on Linux with Apache

  - by phobia

  I'm trying to learn about permissions on linux webserver with apache. Some clues to the system: The server I have to play around with is Fedora based. Apache runs as apache:apache. To allow for e.g. php to write to a file the file needs to be chmod 777. 755 is not sufficiant. What I'm wondering is basically how set up permissions like they should be on e.g. a "shared web host". My main problem is that if I set a permission so that one user cannot access anothers home folder, then apache can't read from the public_html folder either. To keep the users out I need to set chmod 700. But to let apache to read I need to have at least execute on world, so a 701 basically works, but won't let some users in. So I'm really stuck on what to do. Have been concidering adding the apache user to the frous grours below to avoid having to add the world execute flag, but is that a bad thing? Should it be the other way around, the users in the groups below should also be in the apache group? I was aiming at having 4 groups: 1. webapp same as dev_int, but is the only one that can go inside the webapp/live folder to e.g. do an update from the repo. 2. dev_int can read,write and execute everything in the "web root", including the two below, but nothing outside of the web root 3. dev_ext can read write and execute in all client folders, but cannot access anything outside of the webapp root 4. clientsBasic ftp accounts. Has a home folder with a public_html, but cannot access any other home folders An example of folder structure: webroot    no users in the aforementioned groups can go outside of here some_project    :dev_int only webapp live    :webapp only staging    :dev_int and :dev_ext clients    :dev_int and :dev_ext client_1    :dev_int, :dev_ext and client1:clients public_html dev developer_1    developer_1:dev_int OR :dev_ext public_html

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• Repair BAD Sectors or Buy a new HDD?

  - by Nehal J. Wani

  I have a Seagate internal hard disk drive. I recently opened up my laptop [Dell Inspiron N5010] [Warranty has expired], cleaned it and it worked normally after waking up from hibernation. However, when I restarted it, it stuck on windows loading screen, then tried to boot from Dell recovery partition but failed. It gave the error: Windows has encounter a problem communicating with a device connected to your computer. This error can be caused by unplugging a removable storage device such as an external USB drive while the device is in use, or by faulty hardware such as a hard drive or CD-ROM drive that is failing. Make sure any removable storage is properly connected and then restart your computer If you continue to receive this error message, contact the hardware manufacturer. Status: 0xc00000e9 Info: An unexpected I/O error has occurred. While cleaning, I had mistakenly touched the round silvery thing at the bottom of the HDD. I don't know whether this has caused the problem or not. Since I have Fedora also installed in the same HDD, I can boot from it but it shows weird read errors when I ask it to mount Windows partitions. The disk utility also says that the Hard Disk has many bad sectors and needs to be replaced. I downloaded Seatools from Seagate website and used it. In the long test, I gave it permission to repair the first 100 errors which it did successfully. Now I am confused at what I should do. Internal Hard Disk Costs: a. Internal HDD 500GB Costs: Rs3518 b.1 External HDD 500GB Costs: Rs3472 b.2 External HDD 1TB Costs: Rs5500 c. Internal to External Converter Costs: Rs650 I have the following options: (i) Buy an External HDD, backup my data. Try to repair bad sectors of HDD. Then two cases arise: (a) My Internal HDD gets repaired [almost] (b) My internal HDD doesn't get repaired. Then I need to buy another internal HDD and replace the damaged one. OR break the seal of the external one and put it inside my laptop as internal. Breaking the case involves risks. (ii) Buy a Internal HDD and an Internal to External Converter Case [Not very reliable], backup my data. Try to repair bad sectors of HDD. Then two cases arise: (a) My Internal HDD gets repaired [almost] (b) My internal HDD doesn't get repaired. Then I need to just put in the new internal HDD I just bought. Experts, please guide me as to what will be the most VFM option? Also, if a HDD is failing, is it that I shouldn't read from it too otherwise there is a chance of other sectors failing? What I mean is, is it wrong to read from the HDD without taking backup first?

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• SIGINT and SIGTSTP ignored by most common applications

  - by Vašek Potocek

  After the last upgrade to my Fedora, a strange behaviour started occurring in X terminal applications. I can't seem to stop any process using Ctrl+C, it just results in printing ^C to the console. Similarly, Ctrl+Z prints ^Z and the process goes on. Both work well in non-graphical virtual consoles. I checked stty -a and it seems perfectly normal: speed 38400 baud; rows 24; columns 80; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?; swtch = M-^?; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc ixany imaxbel iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke This is independent of the terminal (gnome-terminal, XFCE4 terminal, xterm). I later noticed that it may not be caused by the terminal at all: INT or TSTP sent directly to the respective process are ignored, too. This comprises various applications I used to terminate using Ctrl+C on a regular basis (and which often don't have any better means of exiting): cat, find, tail -f, java, ping, mplayer when stuck on a broken file... Even bash ignores Ctrl+C when I want to break a command line I have been entering and then changed my mind (no ^C is printed in this case). I need to delete it character by character (of which there may be hundreds if filename completion has been used) or intentionally run the unwanted command. Strangely enough, vim does recognize Ctrl+C—just to say its "use :quit", of course. This is extremely annoying and prevents me from working efficiently. Everything had been working until lately, maybe a week ago or so. I can not find any possible causes in Google, perhaps I'm trying wrong search terms or misidentifying the main problem. What could be it and how could I revert the standard behaviour, please? Update Ctrl+Z works sometimes. It seems that in the very first terminal I launch after logging in it stops the running command but stops working after that.

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• ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 4

  - by JohnMerlino

  A remote machine running fedora uses openvpn, and multiple developers were successfully able to connect to it via their client openvpn. However, I am running Ubuntu 12.04 and I am having trouble connecting to the server via vpn. I copied ca.crt, home.key, and home.crt from the server to my local machine to /etc/openvpn folder. My client.conf file looks like this: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote xx.xxx.xx.130 1194 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nogroup # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca ca.crt cert home.crt key home.key # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 But when I start server and look in /var/log/syslog, I notice the following error: May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 10.27.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.27.12.37 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 4 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 172.27.12.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.27.12.37 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 10.27.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.27.12.37 And I am unable to connect to the server via openvpn: $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host xxx.xx.xx.130 port 22: No route to host What may I be doing wrong?

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• Linux-Containers — Part 1: Overview

  - by Lenz Grimmer

  "Containers" by Jean-Pierre Martineau (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0). Linux Containers (LXC) provide a means to isolate individual services or applications as well as of a complete Linux operating system from other services running on the same host. To accomplish this, each container gets its own directory structure, network devices, IP addresses and process table. The processes running in other containers or the host system are not visible from inside a container. Additionally, Linux Containers allow for fine granular control of resources like RAM, CPU or disk I/O. Generally speaking, Linux Containers use a completely different approach than "classicial" virtualization technologies like KVM or Xen (on which Oracle VM Server for x86 is based on). An application running inside a container will be executed directly on the operating system kernel of the host system, shielded from all other running processes in a sandbox-like environment. This allows a very direct and fair distribution of CPU and I/O-resources. Linux containers can offer the best possible performance and several possibilities for managing and sharing the resources available. Similar to Containers (or Zones) on Oracle Solaris or FreeBSD jails, the same kernel version runs on the host as well as in the containers; it is not possible to run different Linux kernel versions or other operating systems like Microsoft Windows or Oracle Solaris for x86 inside a container. However, it is possible to run different Linux distribution versions (e.g. Fedora Linux in a container on top of an Oracle Linux host), provided it supports the version of the Linux kernel that runs on the host. This approach has one caveat, though - if any of the containers causes a kernel crash, it will bring down all other containers (and the host system) as well. For example, Oracle's Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 2 (2.6.39) is supported for both Oracle Linux 5 and 6. This makes it possible to run Oracle Linux 5 and 6 container instances on top of an Oracle Linux 6 system. Since Linux Containers are fully implemented on the OS level (the Linux kernel), they can be easily combined with other virtualization technologies. It's certainly possible to set up Linux containers within a virtualized Linux instance that runs inside Oracle VM Server for Oracle VM Virtualbox. Some use cases for Linux Containers include: Consolidation of multiple separate Linux systems on one server: instances of Linux systems that are not performance-critical or only see sporadic use (e.g. a fax or print server or intranet services) do not necessarily need a dedicated server for their operations. These can easily be consolidated to run inside containers on a single server, to preserve energy and rack space. Running multiple instances of an application in parallel, e.g. for different users or customers. Each user receives his "own" application instance, with a defined level of service/performance. This prevents that one user's application could hog the entire system and ensures, that each user only has access to his own data set. It also helps to save main memory — if multiple instances of a same process are running, the Linux kernel can share memory pages that are identical and unchanged across all application instances. This also applies to shared libraries that applications may use, they are generally held in memory once and mapped to multiple processes. Quickly creating sandbox environments for development and testing purposes: containers that have been created and configured once can be archived as templates and can be duplicated (cloned) instantly on demand. After finishing the activity, the clone can safely be discarded. This allows to provide repeatable software builds and test environments, because the system will always be reset to its initial state for each run. Linux Containers also boot significantly faster than "classic" virtual machines, which can save a lot of time when running frequent build or test runs on applications. Safe execution of an individual application: if an application running inside a container has been compromised because of a security vulnerability, the host system and other containers remain unaffected. The potential damage can be minimized, analyzed and resolved directly from the host system. Note: Linux Containers on Oracle Linux 6 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 2 (2.6.39) are still marked as Technology Preview - their use is only recommended for testing and evaluation purposes. The Open-Source project "Linux Containers" (LXC) is driving the development of the technology behind this, which is based on the "Control Groups" (CGroups) and "Name Spaces" functionality of the Linux kernel. Oracle is actively involved in the Linux Containers development and contributes patches to the upstream LXC code base. Control Groups provide means to manage and monitor the allocation of resources for individual processes or process groups. Among other things, you can restrict the maximum amount of memory, CPU cycles as well as the disk and network throughput (in MB/s or IOP/s) that are available for an application. Name Spaces help to isolate process groups from each other, e.g. the visibility of other running processes or the exclusive access to a network device. It's also possible to restrict a process group's access and visibility of the entire file system hierarchy (similar to a classic "chroot" environment). CGroups and Name Spaces provide the foundation on which Linux containers are based on, but they can actually be used independently as well. A more detailed description of how Linux Containers can be created and managed on Oracle Linux will be explained in the second part of this article. Additional links related to Linux Containers: OTN Article: The Role of Oracle Solaris Zones and Linux Containers in a Virtualization Strategy Linux Containers on Wikipedia - Lenz Grimmer Follow me on: Personal Blog | Facebook | Twitter | Linux Blog |

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• 2010 Collaboration Summit Impressions

  - by Elena Zannoni

  It's a bit late, but there you have it anyway. April 14 to 16 I attended the Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit in SFO. I was running two tracks, one on tracing and one on tools. You can see the tracks and the slides here: http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/collaboration-summit/slides I was pretty busy both days, Thursday with a whole day tracing track, Friday with a half day toolchain track. The sessions were well attended, the rooms were full, with people spilling in the hallways. Some new things were presented, like Kernelshark, by Steve Rostedt, a GUI (yes, believe it or not, a GUI) written in GTK. It is very nice, showing a timeline for traced kernel events, and you can zoom in and filter at will. It works on the latest kernels, and it requires some new things/fixes in GTK. I don't recall exactly what version of GTK though. Dominique Toupin from Ericsson presented something about user requirements for tracing. Mostly though about who's who in the embedded world, and eclipse. Masami and Mathieu presented an update on their work. See their slides. The interesting thing to me was of course the new version of uprobes w/o underlying utrace presented by Jim Keniston. At the end of the session we had a discussion about the future of utrace. Roland wasn't there, butTom Tromey (also from RedHat) collected the feedback. Basically we are at a standstill now that utrace has been rejected yet again. There wasn't much advise that anybody could give, except jokingly, we decided that the only way in is to make it a part of perf events. There needs to be another refactoring, but most of all, this "killer app" that would be enabled because of utrace hasn't materialized yet. We think that having a good debugging story on Linux is enough of a killer app, for instance allowing multiple tracers, and not relying on SIGCHLD etc. I think this wasn't completely clear to the kernel community. Trying to achieve debugging via a gdb stub inside the kernel interfacing to utrace and that is controlled via the gdb remote protocol also lost its appeal (thankfully, since the gdb remote protocol is archaic). Somebody would have to be creative in how to submit utrace. It doesn't have to be called utrace (it was really a random choice, for lack of a letter that was not already used in front of the word "trace"). So basically, I think the ideas behind utrace are sound, and the necessity of a new interface is acknowledged. But I believe the integration/submission process with the kernel folks has to restart from scratch, clean slate. We'll see. There are many conferences and meetings coming up in the near future where things can be discussed further. On the second day, Friday, we had the tools talks. It was interesting to observe the more "kernel" oriented people's behavior towards the gcc etc community. The first talk was by Mark Mitchell, about Gcc and its new plugin architecture. After that, Paolo talked about the new C++1x standard, which will be finalized in 2011. Many features are already implemented in the libstdc++ library and gcc and usable today. We had a few minutes (really, the half day track was quite short) where Bradley Kuhn from the Software Freedom Law Center explained the GPLv3 exception for gcc (due to the new gcc plugin architecture and the availability of the intermediate results from the compilation, which is a new thing). I will not try to explain, but basically you cannot take the result of the preprocessing and then use that in your own proprietary compiler. After, we had a talk by Ian Taylor about the new Gold linker. One good thing in that area is that they are trying to make gold the new default linker (for instance Fedora will use gold as the distro linker). However gold is very different from binutils' old linker. It doesn't use a linker script, for instance. The kernel has been linked with gold many times as an exercise (the ground work was done by Kris Van Hees), but this needs to be constantly tested/monitored because the kernel linker script is very complex, and uses esoteric features (Wenji is now monitoring that each kernel RC can be built with gold). It was positive that people are now aware of gold and the need for it to be ported to more architectures. It seems that the porting is very easy, with little arch dependent code. Finally Tom Tromey presented about gdb and the archer project. Archer is a development branch of gdb mostly done by RedHat, where they are focusing on better c++ printing, c++ expression parsing, and plugins. The archer work is merged regularly in the gdb mainline. In general it was a good conference. I did miss most of the first day, because that's when I flew in. But I caught a couple of talks. Nothing earth shattering, except for Google giving each person registered a free Android phone. Yey.

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• How to install iodbc in Ubuntu 12.10

  - by Hanynowsky

  I need to install the library iodbc (depends on libodbc2) in my Quantal machine. Yet there is creepy dependency problem. This was replaced somehow by unixodbc which I don't have, installed. Here is what I get when I try to install : sudo apt-get install libiodbc2-dev Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libiodbc2-dev : Depends: libiodbc2 (= 3.52.7-2build2) but it is not going to be installed Depends: iodbc (= 3.52.7-2build2) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. I can tell that iodbc conflicts with odbcinst. Yet, I cannot remove it due to the following: sudo apt-get remove odbcinst Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: akonadi-backend-mysql calligra-l10n-engb kde-l10n-engb kdevelop-l10n kdevelop-php-docs-l10n kdevelop-php-l10n libakonadi-kabc4 libakonadi-notes4 libakonadiprotocolinternals1 libboost-thread1.49.0 libdmtx0a libgpgme++2 libkcalcore4 libkdgantt2 libkholidays4 libkimap4 libkldap4 libkmbox4 libkmime4 libkolabxml0 libkpgp4 libkresources4 libksieve4 libprison0 libqgpgme1 libqrencode3 libxerces-c3.1 Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: akonadi-server k3b k3b-i18n katepart kde-runtime kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-plugins kdepim-runtime kdepim-strigi-plugins kdepimlibs-kio-plugins kdoctools kget kmag kmail kmix kmousetool ksystemlog kubuntu-debug-installer language-pack-kde-ar language-pack-kde-en libakonadi-calendar4 libakonadi-contact4 libakonadi-kcal4 libakonadi-kde4 libakonadi-kmime4 libcalendarsupport4 libincidenceeditorsng4 libk3b6 libkabc4 libkactivities-bin libkactivities6 libkalarmcal2 libkatepartinterfaces4 libkcal4 libkcalutils4 libkcddb4 libkde3support4 libkdepim4 libkdepimdbusinterfaces4 libkdewebkit5 libkemoticons4 libkfile4 libkgapi0 libkhtml5 libkio5 libkleo4 libkmanagesieve4 libkmediaplayer4 libknewstuff3-4 libknotifyconfig4 libkolab0 libkonq-common libkonq5abi1 libkontactinterface4 libkparts4 libkpimidentities4 libkpimtextedit4 libkpimutils4 libkprintutils4 libksieveui4 libktexteditor4 libktnef4 libktorrent4 libkworkspace4abi2 libkxmlrpcclient4 libmailcommon4 libmailimporter4 libmailtransport4 libmessagecomposer4 libmessagecore4 libmessagelist4 libmessageviewer4 libmicroblog4 libnepomuk4 libnepomukcore4abi1 libnepomukquery4a libnepomuksync4 libnepomukutils4 libplasma3 libsoprano4 libtemplateparser4 libvirtodbc0 nepomuk-core odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 plasma-scriptengine-javascript qapt-batch soprano-daemon virtuoso-minimal 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 89 to remove and 0 not upgraded. After this operation, 126 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Other info: Why do the "iodbc" and "libmyodbc" packages conflict with each other? The root problem is that I need to use a new feature introduced in the latest MySQL Workbench builds (DB Migration) which uses odbc for that matter. Here is what Mysql doc says about it : Linux The Migration Wizard uses iODBC as a driver manager for all of its ODBC connections in Linux. This may give you some troubles because most Linux distributions provide ODBC drivers compiled against unixODBC. This is another driver manager not supported by MySQL Workbench so you won’t be able to use those drivers unless you compile them against iODBC. Here’s what you should do. Make sure that you have iODBC installed. If you are using Debian, Ubuntu or another Debian based distro, type this command in your terminal: $ sudo apt-get install iodbc libiodbc2-dev libpq-dev libssl-dev For RPM based distros (RedHat, Fedora, etc.) type this command instead of the previous one: $ sudo yum install iodbc iodbc-dev libpqxx-devel openssl-devel Now we need to install the PostgreSQL ODBC drivers. Download the psqlODBC source tarball from here. Use the latest version available for download. As of this writing the latest version corresponds to the file psqlodbc-09.01.0200.tar.gz. Extract this tarball to a directory in your hard drive and open a terminal and cd into that directory. Type this in the terminal window: $ ./configure --with-iodbc --enable-pthreads $ make $ sudo make install Verify that you have the file psqlodbcw.so in the /usr/local/lib directory. This package seems to pose the problem probably: dpkg -s odbcinst1debian2 Package: odbcinst1debian2 Status: install ok installed Priority: optional Section: libs Installed-Size: 241 Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]> Architecture: amd64 Multi-Arch: same Source: unixodbc Version: 2.2.14p2-5ubuntu4 Replaces: unixodbc (<< 2.1.1-2) Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libltdl7 (>= 2.4.2), odbcinst Pre-Depends: multiarch-support Breaks: libiodbc2, libmyodbc (<< 5.1.6-2), odbc-postgresql (<< 1:09.00.0310-1.1), tdsodbc (<< 0.82-8) Conflicts: odbcinst1, odbcinst1debian1 Description: Support library for accessing odbc ini files This package contains the libodbcinst library from unixodbc, a library used by ODBC drivers for reading their configuration settings from /etc/odbc.ini and ~/.odbc.ini. . Also contained in this package are the driver setup plugins, which describe the features supported by individual ODBC drivers. Homepage: http://www.unixodbc.org/ Original-Maintainer: Steve Langasek <[email protected]> I have no broken packages:

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