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• Data recovery after user profile corruption on Windows XP

  - by m68z8mi

  I'm away from home for college, and my computer back home has been having some issues. My dad took it to a computer store, and apparently the user profiles somehow got corrupted, so they're locked out of the computer. This is a Windows XP box, but I changed the default administrator account password, so that backdoor isn't a possibility. Now, that computer's HDD has a whole bunch of data on it which my dad would hate to lose, so I suggested that they take the HDD out, plug it into some other computer, and just copy all the data off that way (keeping in mind that the data itself wasn't encrypted). However, the computer store people said that wouldn't be possible unless they had the administrator account password (which I can't remember for the life of me), and that they'd either have to reformat and reinstall Windows, or else use some complicated sounding recovery process costing a decent amount of money. That sounds like complete BS to me, but I'm not 100% sure about it, so I thought I'd get some more opinions. Could someone more knowledgeable about this stuff suggest a good course of action to take?

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• How secure is cloud computing?

  - by Rhubarb

  By secure, I don't mean the machines itself and access to it from the network. I mean, and I suppose this could be applied to any kind of hosting service, when you put all your intellectual property onto a hosted provider, what happens to the hard disks as they cycle through them? Say I've invested million into my software, and the information and data that I have is valuable, how can I be sure it isn't read off old disks as they're recycled? Is there some kind of standard to look for that ensures a provider is going to use the strictest form of intellectual property protection? Is SAS70 applicable here?

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• Hosting solution for sensitive client data

  - by Mark

  Hello, We are developing a web application that will deal with highly sensitive (financial) data of clients (audience is medium to large sized businesses). Clients will be under scrutiny from regulators & auditors and, as such, we will be too. More importantly to give clients a level of comfort our application and related hosting arrangement should instill a lot of confidence with them. We are looking into using a cloud based service like Linode, Amazon EC2, etc. To allow for maximum flexibility We are keen on putting everything on virtual servers and avoiding having to buy our own hardware. Does a cloud based service make sense for our particular scenario? If not what type of hosting should we consider? If so what should we look out for? Thanks!

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• What do you call the concept of dynamic data definition?

  - by DJTripleThreat

  Maybe this is simpler and more straightforward then what I'm thinking but I can't seem to find this concept on google anywhere. The concept is this: You have a table in a database and the table has a specified number of columns. However, it has been asked of me by previous clients that there also be a set of dynamic user defined columns that can be added on the fly. What is this concept called and is it considered a design pattern?

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• Recomposing data structure in Excel

  - by Velletti

  I've got a sheet of 35k rows of the following kind of data that I want to reshape into table below. So, I want to reshape this data in a way to get all the people within a specific GroupID in separate columns. I suppose that I should add a counter for each row within specific group id? Also, I suppose these kind of issues are a lot more comfortable to be done in databases? Since I often have this kind of data, I need be much quicker about solving it, then I am now.

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• Preventing an Apache 2 Server from Logging Sensitive Data

  - by jstr

  Apache 2 by default logs the entire request URI including query string of every request. What is a straight forward way to prevent an Apache 2 web server from logging sensitive data, for example passwords, credit card numbers, etc., but still log the rest of the request? I would like to log all log-in attempts including the attempted username as Apache does by default, and prevent Apache from logging the password directly. I have looked through the Apache 2 documentation and there doesn't appear to be an easy way to do this other than completely preventing logging of these requests (using SetEnvIf). How can I accomplish this?

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• Can anybody recommend a good data recovery strategy?

  - by Jurassic_C

  So lets say you've failed at preventing a drive failure, and also, you've failed to make a backup of said drive. Push has come to shove and now you need a way to recover you're precious data. Has anybody out there run into this situation? And if so could you please provide any suggestions on how to recover the data based on your experiences? For example have you used any data recovery services that you could either recommend, or that you would definitely avoid if you had a do-over? Thanks in advance

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• SQL SERVER – Windows File/Folder and Share Permissions – Notes from the Field #029

  - by Pinal Dave

  [Note from Pinal]: This is a 29th episode of Notes from the Field series. Security is the task which we should give it to the experts. If there is a small overlook or misstep, there are good chances that security of the organization is compromised. This is very true, but there are always devils’s advocates who believe everyone should know the security. As a DBA and Administrator, I often see people not taking interest in the Windows Security hiding behind the reason of not expert of Windows Server. We all often miss the important mission statement for the success of any organization – Teamwork. In this blog post Brian tells the story in very interesting lucid language. Read On! In this episode of the Notes from the Field series database expert Brian Kelley explains a very crucial issue DBAs and Developer faces on their production server. Linchpin People are database coaches and wellness experts for a data driven world. Read the experience of Brian in his own words. When I talk security among database professionals, I find that most have at least a working knowledge of how to apply security within a database. When I talk with DBAs in particular, I find that most have at least a working knowledge of security at the server level if we’re speaking of SQL Server. One area I see continually that is weak is in the area of Windows file/folder (NTFS) and share permissions. The typical response is, “I’m a database developer and the Windows system administrator is responsible for that.” That may very well be true – the system administrator may have the primary responsibility and accountability for file/folder and share security for the server. However, if you’re involved in the typical activities surrounding databases and moving data around, you should know these permissions, too. Otherwise, you could be setting yourself up where someone is able to get to data he or she shouldn’t, or you could be opening the door where human error puts bad data in your production system. File/Folder Permission Basics: I wrote about file/folder permissions a few years ago to give the basic permissions that are most often seen. Here’s what you must know as a minimum at the file/folder level: Read - Allows you to read the contents of the file or folder. Having read permissions allows you to copy the file or folder. Write  – Again, as the name implies, it allows you to write to the file or folder. This doesn’t include the ability to delete, however, nothing stops a person with this access from writing an empty file. Delete - Allows the file/folder to be deleted. If you overwrite files, you may need this permission. Modify - Allows read, write, and delete. Full Control - Same as modify + the ability to assign permissions. File/Folder permissions aggregate, unless there is a DENY (where it trumps, just like within SQL Server), meaning if a person is in one group that gives Read and antoher group that gives Write, that person has both Read and Write permissions. As you might expect me to say, always apply the Principle of Least Privilege. This likely means that any additional permission you might add does not need Full Control. Share Permission Basics: At the share level, here are the permissions. Read - Allows you to read the contents on the share. Change - Allows you to read, write, and delete contents on the share. Full control - Change + the ability to modify permissions. Like with file/folder permissions, these permissions aggregate, and DENY trumps. So What Access Does a Person / Process Have? Figuring out what someone or some process has depends on how the location is being accessed: Access comes through the share (\\ServerName\Share) – a combination of permissions is considered. Access is through a drive letter (C:\, E:\, S:\, etc.) – only the file/folder permissions are considered. The only complicated one here is access through the share. Here’s what Windows does: Figures out what the aggregated permissions are at the file/folder level. Figures out what the aggregated permissions are at the share level. Takes the most restrictive of the two sets of permissions. You can test this by granting Full Control over a folder (this is likely already in place for the Users local group) and then setting up a share. Give only Read access through the share, and that includes to Administrators (if you’re creating a share, likely you have membership in the Administrators group). Try to read a file through the share. Now try to modify it. The most restrictive permission is the Share level permissions. It’s set to only allow Read. Therefore, if you come through the share, it’s the most restrictive. Does This Knowledge Really Help Me? In my experience, it does. I’ve seen cases where sensitive files were accessible by every authenticated user through a share. Auditors, as you might expect, have a real problem with that. I’ve also seen cases where files to be imported as part of the nightly processing were overwritten by files intended from development. And I’ve seen cases where a process can’t get to the files it needs for a process because someone changed the permissions. If you know file/folder and share permissions, you can spot and correct these types of security flaws. Given that there are a lot of database professionals that don’t understand these permissions, if you know it, you set yourself apart. And if you’re able to help on critical processes, you begin to set yourself up as a linchpin (link to .pdf) for your organization. If you want to get started with performance tuning and database security with the help of experts, read more over at Fix Your SQL Server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: Notes from the Field, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Security, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• How to enable connection security for WMI firewall rules when using VAMT 2.0?

  - by Ondrej Tucny

  I want to use VAMT 2.0 to install product keys and active software in remote machines. Everything works fine as long as the ASync-In, DCOM-In, and WMI-In Windows Firewall rules are enabled and the action is set to Allow the connection. However, when I try using Allow the connection if it is secure (regardless of the connection security option chosen) VAMT won't connect to the remote machine. I tried using wbemtest and the error always is “The RPC server is unavailable”, error code 0x800706ba. How do I setup at least some level of connection security for remote WMI access for VAMT to work? I googled for correct VAMT setup, read the Volume Activation 2.0 Step-by-Step guide, but no luck finding anything about connection security.

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• Promote document data to meta-data

  - by antony.trupe

  Is there a way to "promote" information in a document(Word, Visio, etc) to "meta-data" that can be auto-magically represented in a SharePoint list? I want to be able to create metrics on information in documents without duplicating the data in the document in a column of the list.

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• XY Diagram/Data Browser for mid-sized CSV files

  - by Johannes Rudolph

  I have a set of CSV files with about a 100k records in them. The records need to be visualized in an x-y diagram. Because of the huge amount of data, Excel is not gonna cut it. Specifically, I'm looking for: Seamless zooming in and out of the data Navigation on both axis A "trace mode" where I can trace the line with the cursor and the value under the cursor is displayed as text. Does anyone know a tool capable of this?

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• Data recovery on an Iomega portable drive.

  - by Kaji

  For Christmas, my little brother got an Iomega 500GB portable hard drive. It'd been working well, but last week it flat died, and the company's trying to shirk it, claiming it's not under warranty and saying it'll cost at least $900 to recover the data from the drive. He's still trying to fight the warranty thing, but wants to know, should it boil down to it, what other options exist for recovering the data from the drive. (in before "BACK UP!")

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• Data Mining Software

  - by Mark

  I want to harvest some data like this http://www.newcardealers.ca/en/Dealers/List-A.aspx And insert the name, address, phone number, email, etc. into a database. Is there some software I can use that will take a webpage, let me specify some regexes or something, and then spit out all the matched data in a CSV or some format easily insertable into a DB?

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• Data Center Design and Preferences

  - by Warner

  When either selecting a data center as a co-location facility or designing a new one from scratch, what would your ideal specification be? Fundamentally, diversified power sources, multiple ISPs, redundant generators, UPS, cooling, and physical security are all desireable. What are the additional key requirements that someone might not consider on the first pass? What are the functional details someone might not consider during the initial high level design?

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• Can not find the "variables.tcl" file in Varnish Security

  - by Vladimir

  Varnish Security main.vcl contains # clear all internal variables include "/etc/varnish/security/build/variables.vcl"; and # fallthrough: clear all internal variables on security.vcl_recv exit include "/etc/varnish/security/build/variables.vcl"; but /etc/varnish/security/build/variables.vcl is not included into the git. I commented it out, and it is working fine but where can I get that file?

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• according root permission to www-data

  - by user2478348

  i have a perl script dhcpmanip.pl which contain this line: system "hostapd /etc/hostapd-1.0/hostapd/hostapd.conf " it's a command to start hostapd!and i get this error : Insecure $ENV{PATH} while running setuid at /var/www/cgi-bin/dhcpmanip.pl line 46 After searching on the net i realised that i should accord root permission to www-data user (apache user) then i tried to modify the file /etc/sudoers by inserting this line : www-data ALL=NOPASSWD: /var/www/cgi-bin/dhcpmanip.pl but it still not working...does anyone have any idea about how solving this problem??thx alot

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• If a user is part of two TFS security groups, why do they (appear to) receive the lesser security of the two?

  - by Jedidja

  Given two TFS security groups Admins: Contains a set of Windows users Friends: Contains a Windows Security Group (which is also used as a mailing list) However, the people listed as admins are also part of the security group. It appears that when I lock down the Friends group to certain directories in TFS, the people in Admin also lose their privileges. Is there any way for users to receive the maximum security allowed between multiple groups they are included in? Or have I perhaps setup my TFS security groups incorrectly?

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• yum security update - message indicating kernel version not up to date

  - by JMC

  Running yum --security check-update returns this message: Security: kernel-3.x.x-x.63 is an installed security update Security: kernel-3.x.x-x.29 is the currently running version I already ran the yum security update on the kernel, but it looks like it didn't change the version running on the system. What needs to be done to make it run the new kernel? Are there any concerns about why it didn't change during the installation process? The yum log just shows installed for the new kernel no error messages.

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• Recovered folders from Camera show as JPEG files and can can't be viewed.

  - by user642111

  I have recovered a CCTV camera hard disk after a crash and have managed to get most of the data using EasyRecovery Pro. The problem is now that all the data that I have recovered appear like File09.JPG with and image icon in windows XP, but the files can't be viewed in any JPEG viewer software. I suspect that the .JPG files are indeed folders, but I can't force windows XP the change the file type. Very Odd. Any help is appreciated. Thanks, Hoo

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• What security changes are necessary when connecting DSL modem directly to PC instead of router?

  - by Mike B

  Windows XP I have a user with a single PC that was connected to the internet via a standard home router. The router is now having hardware-related issues and to save money, they're considering connecting the PC directly to the DSL modem since they don't need to share the internet connection or need wireless functionality. If they decide to do that, I'm concerned that this will introduce additional security concerns. Is the Windows Firewall sufficient and Microsoft Security Essentials sufficient for protecting a computer directly connected to a DSL Modem? Or is other security software needed here? Ideally, I'd like to avoid having third-party firewall software constantly bringing up alerts and asking them to approve everything. Also, just to clarify, their use cases are just internet browsing and email.

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• How to sanely configure security policy in Tomcat 6

  - by Chas Emerick

  I'm using Tomcat 6.0.24, as packaged for Ubuntu Karmic. The default security policy of Ubuntu's Tomcat package is pretty stringent, but appears straightforward. In /var/lib/tomcat6/conf/policy.d, there are a variety of files that establish default policy. Worth noting at the start: I've not changed the stock tomcat install at all -- no new jars into its common lib directory(ies), no server.xml changes, etc. Putting the .war file in the webapps directory is the only deployment action. the web application I'm deploying fails with thousands of access denials under this default policy (as reported to the log thanks to the -Djava.security.debug="access,stack,failure" system property). turning off the security manager entirely results in no errors whatsoever, and proper app functionality What I'd like to do is add an application-specific security policy file to the policy.d directory, which seems to be the recommended practice. I added this to policy.d/100myapp.policy (as a starting point -- I would like to eventually trim back the granted permissions to only what the app actually needs): grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/ROOT.war" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/ROOT/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/lib/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; Note the thrashing around attempting to find the right codeBase declaration. I think that's likely my fundamental problem. Anyway, the above (really only the first two grants appear to have any effect) almost works: the thousands of access denials are gone, and I'm left with just one. Relevant stack trace: java.security.AccessControlException: access denied (java.io.FilePermission /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes/com/foo/some-file-here.txt read) java.security.AccessControlContext.checkPermission(AccessControlContext.java:323) java.security.AccessController.checkPermission(AccessController.java:546) java.lang.SecurityManager.checkPermission(SecurityManager.java:532) java.lang.SecurityManager.checkRead(SecurityManager.java:871) java.io.File.exists(File.java:731) org.apache.naming.resources.FileDirContext.file(FileDirContext.java:785) org.apache.naming.resources.FileDirContext.lookup(FileDirContext.java:206) org.apache.naming.resources.ProxyDirContext.lookup(ProxyDirContext.java:299) org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findResourceInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:1937) org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findResource(WebappClassLoader.java:973) org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.getResource(WebappClassLoader.java:1108) java.lang.ClassLoader.getResource(ClassLoader.java:973) I'm pretty convinced that the actual file that's triggering the denial is irrelevant -- it's just some properties file that we check for optional configuration parameters. What's interesting is that: it doesn't exist in this context the fact that the file doesn't exist ends up throwing a security exception, rather than java.io.File.exists() simply returning false (although I suppose that's just a matter of the semantics of the read permission). Another workaround (besides just disabling the security manager in tomcat) is to add an open-ended permission to my policy file: grant { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; I presume this is functionally equivalent to turning off the security manager. I suppose I must be getting the codeBase declaration in my grants subtly wrong, but I'm not seeing it at the moment.

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• Windows Security Videos auf Channel 9

  - by Your DisplayName here!

  Ich habe vor ein paar Wochen mit Lori drei Videos zum Thema Windows Security für Entwickler aufgenommen – die sind nun Online. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich mit den absoluten Grundlagen der Windows Sicherheit. Was ist ein Konto? Was ist eine SID? Was ist ein Windows Token? Weiterhin wird gezeigt, wie sich diese grundlegenden Windows Einrichtungen über Managed Code anprogrammieren lassen. Der Vortrag endet mit einem kleinen Einblick in die Vorgehensweise von UAC, und wie dieses programmatisch verwendet werden kann. http://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/Lori/Windows-Security-fr-Developers-Teil-1 Teil zwei beschäfitgt sich mit Zugriffs-Kontrolllisten, und wie diese mit .NET Code gelesen und geschrieben werden können. Weiterhin werden die beiden verwandten Konzepte Logon Session und Impersonierung besprochen. Beide Einrichtungen erzeugen einen neuen Token, sind aber grundlegend verschieden in ihren Einsatzgebieten. http://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/Lori/Windows-Security-fr-Developers-Teil-2 Teil drei stellt das Kerberos Netzwerk-Authentifizierungsprotokoll vor. Da dieses Protokoll standardmäßig in Active Directory verwendet wird, sollten man es in den Grundzügen kennen. Natürlich kann auch Kerberos aus Managed Code verwendet werden – die abschließende Demo zeigt wie dies funktioniert. http://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/Lori/Windows-Security-fr-Developers-Teil-3 …und noch ein kleines Interview http://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/Lori/Interview-mit-Dominick-Baier Viel Spaß ;)

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• Oracle JDK 7u10 released with new security features

  - by Henrik Stahl

  A few days ago, we released JRE and JDK 7 update 10. This release adds support for the following new platforms: Windows 8 on x86-64. Note that Modern UI (aka Metro) mode is not supported. Internet Explorer 10 on Windows 8. Mac OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) This release also introduces new features that provide enhanced security for Java applet and webstart applications, specifically: The Java runtime tracks if it is updated to the latest security baseline. If you try to execute an unsigned applet with an outdated version of Java, a warning dialog will prompt you to update before running the applet. The Java runtime includes a hardcoded best before date. It is assumed that a new version will be released before this date. If the client has not been able to check for an update prior to this date, the Java runtime will assume that it is insecure and start warning the user prior to executing any applets. The Java control panel now includes an option to set the desired security level on a low-medium-high-very high scale, as well as an option to disable Java applets and webstart entirely. This level controls things such as if the Java runtime is allowed to execute unsigned code, and if so what type of warning will be displayed to the user. More details on the security settings can be found in the documentation. See below for a sample screenshot. The new update of the JRE and the JDK are available via OTN. To learn more about the release please visit the release notes.

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• Data Source Security Part 3

  - by Steve Felts

  In part one, I introduced the security features and talked about the default behavior.  In part two, I defined the two major approaches to security credentials: directly using database credentials and mapping WLS user credentials to database credentials.  Now it's time to get down to a couple of the security options (each of which can use database credentials or WLS credentials). Set Client Identifier on Connection When "Set Client Identifier" is enabled on the data source, a client property is associated with the connection.  The underlying SQL user remains unchanged for the life of the connection but the client value can change.  This information can be used for accounting, auditing, or debugging.  The client property is based on either the WebLogic user mapped to a database user using the credential map Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} or is the database user parameter directly from the getConnection() method, based on the “use database credentials” setting described earlier. To enable this feature, select “Set Client ID On Connection” in the Console.  See "Enable Set Client ID On Connection for a JDBC data source" http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E24329_01/apirefs.1211/e24401/taskhelp/jdbc/jdbc_datasources/EnableCredentialMapping.html in Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help. The Set Client Identifier feature is only available for use with the Oracle thin driver and the IBM DB2 driver, based on the following interfaces. For pre-Oracle 12c, oracle.jdbc.OracleConnection.setClientIdentifier(client) is used.  See http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/network.111/b28531/authentication.htm#i1009003 for more information about how to use this for auditing and debugging.   You can get the value using getClientIdentifier()  from the driver.  To get back the value from the database as part of a SQL query, use a statement like the following. “select sys_context('USERENV','CLIENT_IDENTIFIER') from DUAL”. Starting in Oracle 12c, java.sql.Connection.setClientInfo(“OCSID.CLIENTID", client) is used.  This is a JDBC standard API, although the property values are proprietary.  A problem with setClientIdentifier usage is that there are pieces of the Oracle technology stack that set and depend on this value.  If application code also sets this value, it can cause problems. This has been addressed with setClientInfo by making use of this method a privileged operation. A well-managed container can restrict the Java security policy grants to specific namespaces and code bases, and protect the container from out-of-control user code. When running with the Java security manager, permission must be granted in the Java security policy file for permission "oracle.jdbc.OracleSQLPermission" "clientInfo.OCSID.CLIENTID"; Using the name “OCSID.CLIENTID" allows for upward compatible use of “select sys_context('USERENV','CLIENT_IDENTIFIER') from DUAL” or use the JDBC standard API java.sql.getClientInfo(“OCSID.CLIENTID") to retrieve the value. This value in the Oracle USERENV context can be used to drive the Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD) feature to create security policies to control database access at the row and column level. Essentially, Oracle Virtual Private Database adds a dynamic WHERE clause to a SQL statement that is issued against the table, view, or synonym to which an Oracle Virtual Private Database security policy was applied.  See Using Oracle Virtual Private Database to Control Data Access http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/network.111/b28531/vpd.htm for more information about VPD.  Using this data source feature means that no programming is needed on the WLS side to set this context; it is set and cleared by the WLS data source code. For the IBM DB2 driver, com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Connection.setDB2ClientUser(client) is used for older releases (prior to version 9.5).  This specifies the current client user name for the connection. Note that the current client user name can change during a connection (unlike the user).  This value is also available in the CURRENT CLIENT_USERID special register.  You can select it using a statement like “select CURRENT CLIENT_USERID from SYSIBM.SYSTABLES”. When running the IBM DB2 driver with JDBC 4.0 (starting with version 9.5), java.sql.Connection.setClientInfo(“ClientUser”, client) is used.  You can retrieve the value using java.sql.Connection.getClientInfo(“ClientUser”) instead of the DB2 proprietary API (even if set setDB2ClientUser()).  Oracle Proxy Session Oracle proxy authentication allows one JDBC connection to act as a proxy for multiple (serial) light-weight user connections to an Oracle database with the thin driver.  You can configure a WebLogic data source to allow a client to connect to a database through an application server as a proxy user. The client authenticates with the application server and the application server authenticates with the Oracle database. This allows the client's user name to be maintained on the connection with the database. Use the following steps to configure proxy authentication on a connection to an Oracle database. 1. If you have not yet done so, create the necessary database users. 2. On the Oracle database, provide CONNECT THROUGH privileges. For example: SQL> ALTER USER connectionuser GRANT CONNECT THROUGH dbuser; where “connectionuser” is the name of the application user to be authenticated and “dbuser” is an Oracle database user. 3. Create a generic or GridLink data source and set the user to the value of dbuser. 4a. To use WLS credentials, create an entry in the credential map that maps the value of wlsuser to the value of dbuser, as described earlier.   4b. To use database credentials, enable “Use Database Credentials”, as described earlier. 5. Enable Oracle Proxy Authentication, see "Configure Oracle parameters" in Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help. 6. Log on to a WebLogic Server instance using the value of wlsuser or dbuser. 6. Get a connection using getConnection(username, password).  The credentials are based on either the WebLogic user that is mapped to a database user or the database user directly, based on the “use database credentials” setting.  You can see the current user and proxy user by executing: “select user, sys_context('USERENV','PROXY_USER') from DUAL". Note: getConnection fails if “Use Database Credentials” is not enabled and the value of the user/password is not valid for a WebLogic Server user.  Conversely, it fails if “Use Database Credentials” is enabled and the value of the user/password is not valid for a database user. A proxy session is opened on the connection based on the user each time a connection request is made on the pool. The proxy session is closed when the connection is returned to the pool.  Opening or closing a proxy session has the following impact on JDBC objects. - Closes any existing statements (including result sets) from the original connection. - Clears the WebLogic Server statement cache. - Clears the client identifier, if set. -The WebLogic Server test statement for a connection is recreated for every proxy session. These behaviors may impact applications that share a connection across instances and expect some state to be associated with the connection. Oracle proxy session is also implicitly enabled when use-database-credentials is enabled and getConnection(user, password) is called,starting in WLS Release 10.3.6.  Remember that this only works when using the Oracle thin driver. To summarize, the definition of oracle-proxy-session is as follows. - If proxy authentication is enabled and identity based pooling is also enabled, it is an error. - If a user is specified on getConnection() and identity-based-connection-pooling-enabled is false, then oracle-proxy-session is treated as true implicitly (it can also be explicitly true). - If a user is specified on getConnection() and identity-based-connection-pooling-enabled is true, then oracle-proxy-session is treated as false.

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• Recover RAID 5 data after created new array instead of re-using

  - by Brigadieren

  Folks please help - I am a newb with a major headache at hand (perfect storm situation). I have a 3 1tb hdd on my ubuntu 11.04 configured as software raid 5. The data had been copied weekly onto another separate off the computer hard drive until that completely failed and was thrown away. A few days back we had a power outage and after rebooting my box wouldn't mount the raid. In my infinite wisdom I entered mdadm --create -f... command instead of mdadm --assemble and didn't notice the travesty that I had done until after. It started the array degraded and proceeded with building and syncing it which took ~10 hours. After I was back I saw that that the array is successfully up and running but the raid is not I mean the individual drives are partitioned (partition type f8 ) but the md0 device is not. Realizing in horror what I have done I am trying to find some solutions. I just pray that --create didn't overwrite entire content of the hard driver. Could someone PLEASE help me out with this - the data that's on the drive is very important and unique ~10 years of photos, docs, etc. Is it possible that by specifying the participating hard drives in wrong order can make mdadm overwrite them? when I do mdadm --examine --scan I get something like ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b name=<hostname>:0 Interestingly enough name used to be 'raid' and not the host hame with :0 appended. Here is the 'sanitized' config entries: DEVICE /dev/sdf1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdd1 CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes HOMEHOST <system> MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=tanserv:0 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b Here is the output from mdstat cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[0] sdf1[3] sde1[1] 1953517568 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] unused devices: <none> fdisk shows the following: fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000bf62e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 9443 75846656 83 Linux /dev/sda2 9443 9730 2301953 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9443 9730 2301952 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000de8dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 91201 732572001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00056a17 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 60801 488384001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ca948 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/dm-0: 1250.3 GB, 1250254913536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 152001 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x93a66687 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe6edc059 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000401989632 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488379392 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Per suggestions I did clean up the superblocks and re-created the array with --assume-clean option but with no luck at all. Is there any tool that will help me to revive at least some of the data? Can someone tell me what and how the mdadm --create does when syncs to destroy the data so I can write a tool to un-do whatever was done? After the re-creating of the raid I run fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 and here is the output root@tanserv:/etc/mdadm# fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 Per Shanes' suggestion I tried root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks 122101760 inodes, 488379392 blocks 24418969 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 and run fsck.ext4 with every backup block but all returned the following: root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# fsck.ext4 -b 214990848 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> Any suggestions? Regards!

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