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• How to create an alias for linux server name?

  - by Radek

  The openSUSE server name is 'darkhelmet'. I want to create an alias 'dh' for it. So I can also type 'ssh dh' and 'http://dh' would work too. What file/files and where do I have to edit to make this happen? Extract from /etc/hosts from darkhelmet 127.0.0.1 localhost # special IPv6 addresses ::1 localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopback fe00::0 ipv6-localnet ff00::0 ipv6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ipv6-allnodes ff02::2 ipv6-allrouters ff02::3 ipv6-allhosts 127.0.0.2 darkhelmet.edumate darkhelmet 10.0.0.22 db2workgroup db2workgroup [root][skroob] nslookup darkhelmet Server: 10.0.0.10 Address: 10.0.0.10#53 Name: darkhelmet.edumate Address: 10.0.0.22

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• How can I tell which config file Apache is using?

  - by Claudiu

  I'm trying to set up virtual hosts on Mac OS X. I've been modifying httpd.conf and restarting the server, but haven't had any luck in getting it to work. Furthermore, I notice that it's not serving files in the DocumentRoot mentioned in httpd.conf (Libraries/WebServer/Documents), but in a different directory (/usr/local/apache2/htdocs). I don't see this folder mentioned anywhere in httpd.conf. Furthermore, PHP works, but the "LoadModule php5_module" line is commented out. This makes me think it's using another .conf file. How can I figure out which config is actually being loaded? Update: I just deleted that httpd.conf and apache behaves the same after restart, so it definitely wasn't using it!

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• Idle VMware Guests Resource Consumption

  - by Ravenor

  I want to setup a number of guests with multiple CPUs (4) and at least 4Gb ram running Ubuntu Linux. These machines will mostly be idle, but from time to time their workload will require all their resources, especially the CPU. The hosts are ESXi 5.x. The question is, am I right in thinking that the resource consumption of the machines when idle will be negligible? We know this true of disk and the CPU. The only concern left therefore is memory. Since ESX over-commits memory it makes sense that unused memory of any guest is paged out. If my thinking correct?

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• Live CD with good anti-virus software to scan/repair Windows?

  - by overtherainbow

  Hello, I browsed through the archives, and it seems like there's no live CD from which to run a good, up-to-date anti-virus application, at least to check whether a Windows host has been compromised The Ultimate Boot CD has only three AV applications, and their virus definition is from... 2007 In a report, ClamAV scored very low. It's nice that it's open-source, but if it's not as good as commercial alternatives... Those of you into this kind of thing, do you confirm that there's just no good live CD to inspect Windows hosts, and possibly repair them? If there is, what do you recommend? Thank you.

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• Setting up Ubuntu Server on Amazon EC2 for hosting multiple domains with wildcard subdomains

  - by Ashish Kumar

  I'm trying to set up multiple domains on my Amazon EC2 micro instance running Ubuntu Server 12.04. I installed Apache correctly and set up virtual hosts but having problems with wildcard subdomains. This is what my httpd.conf file looks like NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> UseCanonicalName Off VirtualDocumentRoot /home/username/domains/%0/html/ </VirtualHost> My DNS records (on Amazon Route 53) are: domain.tld A 1.2.3.4 *.domain.tld A 1.2.3.4 If i create a test.domain.tld directory with the html subdirectory, it works fine. But what I want to do is to redirect *.domain.tld to domain.tld in case there is no directory for the sub-domain accessed. I would also like www.domain.tld to redirect to domain.tld. The system should also work if I decide to host another website, example.com, on the server. I tried Googling a lot but without any luck. Suggestions?

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• Active directory authentication for Ubuntu Linux login and cifs mounting home directories...

  - by Jamie

  I've configured my Ubuntu 10.04 Server LTS Beta 2 residing on a windows network to authenticate logins using active directory, then mount a windows share to serve as there home directory. Here is what I did starting from the initial installation of Ubuntu. Download and install Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS Beta 2 Get updates # sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade Install an SSH server (sshd) # sudo apt-get install openssh-server Some would argue that you should "lock sshd down" by disabling root logins. I figure if your smart enough to hack an ssh session for a root password, you're probably not going to be thwarted by the addition of PermitRootLogin no in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file. If your paranoid or not simply not convinced then edit the file or give the following a spin: # (grep PermitRootLogin /etc/ssh/sshd_conifg && sudo sed -ri 's/PermitRootLogin ).+/\1no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_conifg) || echo "PermitRootLogin not found. Add it manually." Install required packages # sudo apt-get install winbind samba smbfs smbclient ntp krb5-user Do some basic networking housecleaning in preparation for the specific package configurations to come. Determine your windows domain name, DNS server name, and IP address for the active directory server (for samba). For conveniance I set environment variables for the windows domain and DNS server. For me it was (my AD IP address was 192.168.20.11): # WINDOMAIN=mydomain.local && WINDNS=srv1.$WINDOMAIN If you want to figure out what your domain and DNS server is (I was contractor and didn't know the network) check out this helpful reference. The authentication and file sharing processes for the Windows and Linux boxes need to have their clocks agree. Do this with an NTP service, and on the server version of Ubuntu the NTP service comes installed and preconfigured. The network I was joining had the DNS server serving up the NTP service too. # sudo sed -ri "s/^(server[ \t]).+/\1$WINDNS/" /etc/ntp.conf Restart the NTP daemon # sudo /etc/init.d/ntp restart We need to christen the Linux box on the new network, this is done by editing the host file (replace the DNS of with the FQDN of the windows DNS): # sudo sed -ri "s/^(127\.0\.0\.1[ \t]).*/\1$(hostname).$WINDOMAIN localhost $(hostname)/" /etc/hosts Kerberos configuration. The instructions that follow here aren't to be taken literally: the values for MYDOMAIN.LOCAL and srv1.mydomain.local need to be replaced with what's appropriate for your network when you edit the files. Edit the (previously installed above) /etc/krb5.conf file. Find the [libdefaults] section and change (or add) the key value pair (and it is in UPPERCASE WHERE IT NEEDS TO BE): [libdefaults] default_realm = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL Add the following to the [realms] section of the file: MYDOMAIN.LOCAL = { kdc = srv1.mydomain.local admin_server = srv1.mydomain.local default_domain = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL } Add the following to the [domain_realm] section of the file: .mydomain.local = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL mydomain.local = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL Conmfigure samba. When it's all said done, I don't know where SAMBA fits in ... I used cifs to mount the windows shares ... regardless, my system works and this is how I did it. Replace /etc/samba/smb.conf (remember I was working from a clean distro of Ubuntu, so I wasn't worried about breaking anything): [global] security = ads realm = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL password server = 192.168.20.11 workgroup = MYDOMAIN idmap uid = 10000-20000 idmap gid = 10000-20000 winbind enum users = yes winbind enum groups = yes template homedir = /home/%D/%U template shell = /bin/bash client use spnego = yes client ntlmv2 auth = yes encrypt passwords = yes winbind use default domain = yes restrict anonymous = 2 Start and stop various services. # sudo /etc/init.d/winbind stop # sudo service smbd restart # sudo /etc/init.d/winbind start Setup the authentication. Edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf. Here are the contents of mine: passwd: compat winbind group: compat winbind shadow: compat winbind hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files Start and stop various services. # sudo /etc/init.d/winbind stop # sudo service smbd restart # sudo /etc/init.d/winbind start At this point I could login, home directories didn't exist, but I could login. Later I'll come back and add how I got the cifs automounting to work. Numerous resources were considered so I could figure this out. Here is a short list (a number of these links point to mine own questions on the topic): Samba Kerberos Active Directory WinBind Mounting Linux user home directories on CIFS server Authenticating OpenBSD against Active Directory How to use Active Directory to authenticate linux users Mounting windows shares with Active Directory permissions Using Active Directory authentication with Samba on Ubuntu 9.10 server 64bit How practical is to authenticate a Linux server against AD? Auto-mounting a windows share on Linux AD login

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• How to set up different documentroot for ip based requests, and different for domain based requests

  - by Carlos

  My problem is simply that I have a domain, let's say example.com, and my server's ip address is e.g. 192.168.0.1. I want to set up 2 different virtual hosts, so when user enters ip address (192.168.0.1) in his browser, he will see content from here: /var/www/staging But if user will type example.com, he will see content from here: /var/www I think it's possible but I was playing around with it and couldn't make it work. Also I don't want to make simple redirection. I know I can, but I need both of my apps (live & staging) working in root on the same server. I can't buy second domain, and I can't associate new ip address.

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• HP-UX - custom rsync path

  - by stack_zen

  Hi. There are a range of HP-UX 11.11 hosts I'm unable to install rsync (I'm limited to a non-privileged user) I've extracted both rsync binary and libpopt.sl, libiconv.sl, libintl.sl from the depots into one of that user's directories: /home/zenith/rsync/ Problem is, I can't get my RH Linux box communicating with it: rsync -e --rsync-path=/home/zenith/rsync/rsync --compress=9 -pgtov --filter=+rs_/'*.log' --exclude='*' [email protected]:/home/zenith/service/logs/ /u01/rsync_depot/service/192.102.14.18/ /usr/lib/dld.sl: Can't find path for shared library: libintl.sl /usr/lib/dld.sl: No such file or directory sh: 1644 Abort(coredump) I've added to the remote host .profile export SHLIB_PATH=/usr/lib:/home/zenith/rsync export PATH=$PATH:/home/zenith/rsync but still, no libintl.sl is found. How can I initialize the correct env variable/ get this to work?

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• My sendmail sends spam and I can't identify which script sends it

  - by Andrew

  I've noticed one of my server is sending mass spam. The messages are like the one below (sending from: [email protected]). I've deleted USER_ACCOUNT but I'd like to know how can I identify the script (probably a hacked PHP script) that sends the mass mail considering this server hosts numerous websites. I0/83/968855 Mreturntosender: cannot select queue for postmaster: Broken pipe Fbn $_Unknown UID 1008@localhost ${daemon_flags}c u SUSER_ACCOUNT [email protected] H?P?Return-Path: <?g> H??Received: (from Unknown UID 1008@localhost) by benedictus.MYDOMAIN.COM (8.14.3/8.14.3/Submit) id q5H8Bx9A066412; Sun, 17 Jun 2012 11:11:59 +0300 (EEST) (envelope-from USER_ACCOUNT) H?D?Date: Sun, 17 Jun 2012 11:11:59 +0300 (EEST) H?M?Message-Id: <[email protected]> H??From: Tiffany June <[email protected]> H??To: "Fernando" <[email protected]> H??Subject: Tiffany June ADDED YOU to her Private Wish List H??MIME-Version: 1.0 H??Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="=_8b944d33596415b2dd4371ef94e08aee

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• I can't externally access my home server's wordpress website

  - by piratepartypumpkin

  Basically, I can access everything just fine using 127.0.0.1, but if I use my external IP (123.123.123.123), I get page not found. My router is port forwarding HTTP port 80 to port 8080 on my servers internal IP address. In other words: (Application: HTTP | Start: 80 | End: 8080 | Protocol: Both | IP Address 192.168.0.101 | Enable [YES]) I know it's forwarding properly, because when I stop port forwarding, I can access my router page by using my external IP. My virtual hosts file is: NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /opt/lampstack-5.3.16-0/apps/wordpress ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com </VirtualHost> and my httpd.conf file is: Listen 80 Servername localhost:80 DocumentRoot "/opt/lampstack-5.3.16-0/apache2/htdocs <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny, allow deny from all </Directory> <Directory "/opt/lampstack-5.3.16-0/apache2/htdocs"> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow, deny allow from all </Directory>

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• How can I store Rails uploads on a remote server (and not a common cloud host)?

  - by joshee

  I would like to store uploads from a Rails application on a different server than my application server. I want to keep costs to a minimum and host this other server in-house. I am planning to use Carrierwave for uploads. It seems Carrierwave interfaces with Fog for remote hosts. Is there a way I could set the other server to act as a Fog provider? How would I go about this setup? Or, is there some better and easier way to go about all this?

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• Ubuntu server failing daily

  - by deanvz

  Symptoms: Server becomes unresponsive - Increase in load, all services stop Loss of connectivity - Ping/SSH Flush MySQL hosts after reboot - As MySQL refuses new connections Intermittent Apache crashes Generally happens early morning hours - 2 days of the week are however excluded Changes made: Updated the OS - to Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS Not sure if the MySQL server was also updated in the process Current MySQL version - mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.63, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 6.1 Updated Plesk from 10.4.4 Update #47 to 11.0.9 Update #23 Rebooted on almost daily basis All crons stopped for the times corresponding to the server crashes Created a MySQL log to monitor the lock times on queries Possible causes: Failing hardware Incorrect software configuration (MySQL, Apache etc) Responsibilities: Small webserver Runs our billing system - WHMCS Responsible for CRONs Bulk-email solution - No delivery times coincide with server crashes Proposed solutions: Move machine over to VM Format and restore the Plesk server backup and take it from there? Side notes: Seems to be a general Apache failure across all our linux servers - Intermittent problem Are we doing something fundamentally wrong in the Apache config? (I understand that this is a secondary question, just making sure that it isnt possibly holding any relevance)

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• VMware networking - PortChannel or not?

  - by dunxd

  My ESX hosts each have 8 NICS. I have set up 2 NICs for our iSCSI SAN - each is connected to a different SAN switch. 2 NICs are set up for vMotion and Service Console - these are each connected to a different core switch (ports are trunked with VLANs dedicated to vMotion and Management) I now have four ports left over. Currently we have these set up each going into our default VLAN. Two NICs are connected to one core-switch and two are connected to the other. We decided to aggregate the connections to each switch - so they are teamed at the vswitch end, and port channelled at the physical switch end. I am now reading that port channelling these connections is not particularly useful, perhaps even over complicating things. Is there a particular problem with using port channels for VMware? What method provides the best balance between redundancy and performance?

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• Apache w/out internet connection

  - by robert knobulous

  I have a Vista laptop that I have been running Apache / MySql / Php / PhpMyAdmin on for quite some time without fail. I just use it to test bits of code here and there etc. No problems, until recently when I needed to test something and I happened to be in a place that I could not get an internet connection. Why am I unable to access localhost from the same machine without an internet connection? I am type http://localhost..etc into the browser's address bar and I get the message that I am unable to access without an internet connection. I checked my windows/system32/etc/hosts file and the first two lines are 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost What am I missing here?

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• Apple XRaid questions

  - by luckytaxi

  I inherited an environment with a couple of apple xraid san. 1 - I have a 14 drive setup that's split into 5 LUNs on EACH side. The SAN goes into a fibre switch along w/ the servers that are attached to it. LUN masking is enabled on the SAN and as far as I know, there aren't any zoning on the fibre switch. Question, I have a server that's assigned two LUNs, one from each side of the controller. For some reason, it only sees one LUN (from the upper controller) and it doesn't see the one from the lower controller. The controller seems to be working fine as I have other servers attached to LUNs on the lower controller. 2 - I see a little "disclaimer" saying that any changes to the xraid will result in a reboot. So, if I add/remove hosts, this thing is going to reboot?!?!?!

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• What's the best way of handling permissions for apache2's user www-data in /var/www ?

  - by gyaresu

  Has anyone got a nice solution for handling files in /var/www/ ? We're running Name Based Virtual Hosts and the apache2 user is 'www-data' We've got two regular users & root. So when messing with files in /var/www ,rather than having to... chown -R www-data:www-data ...all the time, what's a good way of handling this? Supplementary question. How hardcore do you then go on permissions? This one has always been a problem in collaborative development environments. Cheers.

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• RHEL 5/CentOS 5 - sshd becomes unresponsive

  - by ewwhite

  I have a number of CentOS 5.x and RHEL 5.x systems whose SSH daemons become unresponsive, preventing remote logins. The typical error from the connecting side is: $ ssh db1 db1 : ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host Examining /var/log/messages after a forced reboot shows the following leading up to the restart: Dec 10 10:45:51 db1 sshd[14593]: fatal: Privilege separation user sshd does not exist Dec 10 10:46:02 db1 sshd[14595]: fatal: Privilege separation user sshd does not exist Dec 10 10:46:54 db1 sshd[14711]: fatal: Privilege separation user sshd does not exist Dec 10 10:47:38 db1 sshd[14730]: fatal: Privilege separation user sshd does not exist These systems use LDAP authentication and the nsswitch.conf file is configured to look at local "files" first. [root@db1 ~]# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf # # /etc/nsswitch.conf # passwd: files ldap shadow: files ldap group: files ldap hosts: files dns The Privilege-separated SSH user exists in the local password file. [root@db1 ~]# grep ssh /etc/passwd sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin Any ideas on what the root cause is? I did not see any Red Hat errata that covers this.

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• Insulate hosted client domains from server IP address change?

  - by babtek

  I will be hosting web content for many client domains on a single IP address (with a web hosting company, not inhouse machine). Initially, I must give client some information to configure their registrar to point the domain to my server. I want client domains insulated from a potential IP address change, so if I change hosts/IP address they don't have to reconfigure anything with their registrar. Is this reasonably possible without running my own nameserver? If so, what would be the smartest way to make it happen? Instruct clients to make CNAME record? Use some type of DNS management service that clients would use as a nameserver?

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• Exclude IPs from FQDN Resolution

  - by Jon Rauschenberger

  Is there a way to EXCLUDE IPs on an interface from FQDN resulution? Here's my use case; I have a domain joined Windows Server 2008 R2 machine that hosts multiple Web sites. We ahve DNS A records for the various sites that resolve to different IP addresses. I've added those IPs to the single NIC in the machine and the sites work just fine. The problem is that the FQDN of the machine now resolves any of the IPs on the machine. I only want the primary IP associated with the FQDN on the internal DNS servers. Is there ANY way to accomplish this? jon

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• (Free?) Hosting Control Panels

  - by Alix Axel

  I've installed and used both cPanel and Plesk on my dedicated servers in the past and I truly enjoyed the features and simplicity of cPanel (specially the auto-update feature in WHM), recently (a couple of months ago) I also tried a beta version of the open-source OpenPanel and although it looks really nice I found it kinda limited in terms of features, such as automatic system updates, automatic backups and the ability to add addicional hosts to the MySQL allowed clients list - just to name a few. Besides OpenPanel, I'm aware of Usermin, Webmin, Virtualmin, ISPConfig, VHCS, web-cp and FlexCP - although I've never had the opportunity to try any of them before... Are you familiar and recommend any of these? It's been a while since I managed a dedicated server and I'm wondering what would be a good hosting control panel for me, preferably a free / open-source one that has similar features / usability of cPanel. I appreciate all input, thanks! =)

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• Server Core remote management from Windows 7 machine

  - by Robert Koritnik

  I've installed Remote Server Administration Tools for Windows 7 because I would like to administer my Windows Server 2008 R2 Server Core machine. The problem that I'm getting when I try to run Server Manager is: Connecting to remote server failed with the following error message: Access is denied. For more information, see the about_Remote_Troubleshooting Help topic. This is what I've done so far: I'm running WinRM service on both machines (Server and Window 7) I've added my server to trusted hosts on my Windows 7 machine: winrm set winrm/config/client @{TrustedHosts="WINSRV2"} I've added registry entry on Windows 7 machine: reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f I've enabled Remote Management inbound rule on server firewall using CoreConfigurator 2.0 both machines are in the same subnet and when I search for network machines on Windows 7 I see my server. Question What else should I do to make it work? I would like to run several different remote management tools against my server machine.

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• Multiple VLAN on one switch port

  - by Macropus

  I have a HP ProCurve 1810G-8 which I currently use as a normal switch between 3 servers and a firewall. 2 of the servers are ESXi hosts, and one is a Nexentastor box with 2 iSCSI target LUNs. As the iSCSI traffic is on the same LAN as all other traffic, I would like to switch this to use a SAN for iSCSI traffic and the LAN for all other traffic. The Nexentastor box only has 2 NICs, and as such, with a physical arrangement, I presume that one must be plugged into the SAN VLAN and one on the LAN VLAN ports of the switch. Is there a way to have multiple VLANs over the same port? e.g. the Nexentsator box has 2 NICs, both plugged into the switch, both ports with access to both of the VLANs?

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• the right way to do deployment with capistrano

  - by com

  I look for good practices for deploying with capistrano. I would like to start out with a short description how I used to do deployment. capistrano is installed locally on a developer's computer. I deploy thought gateway with capistrano option :gateway. Firstly, I thought that with :gateway option I need to have ssh connection only to gateway host, but it turns out that I need ssh connection (public key) to all hosts where I want to deploy to. I would like to find a convenient and secure way to deploy application. For example, in case when new developer starts working, is much more convinient to put his *public_key* only on gateway server and not on all applications servers. On the other hand I don't want him to have any connection to servers in particular ssh to gateway, just because he is developer, he needs to do only deployments. If you are aware of good practices for deploying with capistrano, please, let us know.

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• How to Host Multiple Domains / Web Sites on one IIS6 Server

  - by Josh Stodola

  I currently have an IIS6 server that hosts one web site/domain. I am developing another web site (completely separate) that I want to host on this same server. Both domains were purchased from GoDaddy. I believe I will need a server-side ISAPI rewrite filter to internally route the incoming requests based on the domain name. I plan to use Ionic's ISAPI Rewrite Filter to do this because it is free. I know how to install the ISAPI filter and apply it to a web site in IIS, but I have no clue how I am going to route the incoming requests correctly (based on the domain). Also, I don't know if it is wise to setup multiple "Web Sites" or "Virtual Directories". I am thinking that this will depend on how the configured. How should I go about getting this accomplished?

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• Make Virtualhost detect Wildcard with and without preceding www

  - by jasondavis

  In my Apache (Xampp) httpd-vhosts.conf file I have added this Virtualhost It allows me to use Wildcard names like testserver1.dev and testserver2.dev I just have to make sure to add the name to my Windows Hosts file. <VirtualHost *:80> VirtualDocumentRoot E:/Server/htdocs/projects/%1/www ServerAlias *.dev </VirtualHost> What I would like to do though is add to this funtionality and make it work if the name begins with a www so testserver1.dev would also work as www.testserver1.dev The way it currently is set up, if I tried to access that URL, it would look in a folder called www.testserver1 instead of the folder testserver1

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