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• convert float numbers to hex

  - by jordan2010

  I am quite new in Python and I am looking for converting numbers from decimal to hex How to convert float numbers to hex or char in Python 2.4.3? how can I keep it to write it as ("\xa5\x (here the new hex number)") any help Thanks,

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• 2to3 fixer to convert try .. except .. block

  - by Sridhar Ratnakumar

  I have a Python2 project with lots of try .. except .. blocks like this: try: [...] except SomeException, e: # do something with `e` To port them all to Python 3 (and still have the code run Python =2.6), I have to manually change each and every one of them to the following: try: [...] except SomeException, e: _, e, _ = sys.exc_info() # do something with `e` Can this be automated using 2to3? If so, how?

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• what is the proper way to do logging in csv file?

  - by user2003548

  i want to log some information of every single request send to a busy http server in a formatted form,use log module would create some thing i don't want to: [I 131104 15:31:29 Sys:34] i think of csv format but i don't know how to customize it,and python got csv module,but read the manual import csv with open('some.csv', 'w', newline='') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerows(someiterable) since it would open and close a file each time, i am afraid in this way would slow down the whole server performance, what could i do?

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• How do i install some modules in wxpython? i've tried with putting in site packages and doesn't work

  - by Marius

  Some modules have easy install, others need to be copied in site package but some of them really doesn't work. And i need to import 3 module(libraries) but when i run program.py with python Sheel ...apear no module named ....(so it's not installed correctly)?!

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• Dynamically loading modules in Python (+ threading question)

  - by morpheous

  I am writing a Python package which reads the list of modules (along with ancillary data) from a configuration file. I then want to iterate through each of the dynamically loaded modules and invoke a do_work() function in it which will spawn a new thread, so that the code runs in a separate thread. At the moment, I am importing the list of all known modules at the beginning of my main script - this is a nasty hack I feel, and is not very flexible, as well as being a maintenance pain. This is the function that spawns the threads. I will like to modify it to dynamically load the module when it is encountered. The key in the dictionary is the name of the module containing the code: def do_work(work_info): for (worker, dataset) in work_info.items(): #import the module defined by variable worker here... t = threading.Thread(target=worker.do_work, args=[dataset]) # I'll NOT dameonize since spawned children need to clean up on shutdown # Since the threads will be holding resources #t.daemon = True t.start() Question 1 When I call the function in my script (as written above), I get the following error: AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'do_work' Which makes sense, since the dictionary key is a string (name of the module to be imported). When I add the statement: import worker before spawning the thread, I get the error: ImportError: No module named worker This is strange, since the variable name rather than the value it holds are being used - when I print the variable, I get the value (as I expect) whats going on? Question 2 As I mentioned in the comments section, I realize that the do_work() function written in the spawned children needs to cleanup after itself. My understanding is to write a clean_up function that is called when do_work() has completed successfully, or an unhandled exception is caught - is there anything more I need to do to ensure resources don't leak or leave the OS in an unstable state? Question 3 If I comment out the t.daemon flag statement, will the code stil run ASYNCHRONOUSLY?. The work carried out by the spawned children are pretty intensive, and I don't want to have to be waiting for one child to finish before spawning another child. BTW, I am aware that threading in Python is in reality, a kind of time sharing/slicing - thats ok Lastly is there a better (more Pythonic) way of doing what I'm trying to do?

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• How do I run an interactive command line Python app inside of Emacs on Win32?

  - by sludge

  If I use M-x shell and run the interactive Python interpreter, Emacs on Windows does not return any IO. When I discovered M-x python-shell, I regained hope. However, instead of running the interactive Python shell, I want to run a specific Python script that features an interactive CLI. (See Python's cmd module for details). Is there a way of launching a Python script in Emacs that is interactive? (stdout, stdin, stderr)

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• Replace a whole line in a txt file

  - by user302935

  I'am new to Python 3 and could really use a little help. I have a txt file containing: InstallPrompt= DisplayLicense= FinishMessage= TargetName=D:\somewhere FriendlyName=something I have a python script that in the end, should change just two lines to: TargetName=D:\new FriendlyName=Big Could anyone help me, please? I have tried to search for it, but I didnt find something I could use. The text that should be replaced could have different length.

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• How to debug problems in Linux kernel module `init()`?

  - by Kimvais

  I am using remote (k)gdb to debug a problem in a module that causes a panic when loaded e.g. when init() is called. The stack trace just shows that do_one_initcall(mod->init) causes the crash. In order to get the symbol file loaded in the gdb, I need to get the address of the module text section, and to get that I need to get the module loaded. Because the insmod in busybox (1.16.1) doesn't support -m so I'm stuck to grep modulename /proc/modules + adding the offset from nm to figure out the address. So I'm facing a sort a of a chicken and an egg problem here - to be able to debug the module loading, I need to get the module loaded - but in order to get the module loaded, I need to debug the problem... So I am currently thinking about two options - is there a way to get the address information either: by printk() in the module init code by printk() somewhere in the kernel code all this prior to calling the mod->init() - so I could place a breakpoint there, load the symbol file, hit c and see it crash and burn...

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• PYTHON: ntlm authentication

  - by Svetlana

  Hello!! I'm trying to implement NTLM authentication on IIS (Windows Server 2003) from Windows 7 with python. LAN Manager Authentication Level: Send NTLM response only. Client machine and server are in the same domain. Domain controller (AD) is on another server (also running Windows Server 2003). I recieve 401.1 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials. Could you please help me find out what is wrong with this code and/or show me the other possible directions to solve this problem (using NTLM or Kerberos)? [python] import sys, httplib, base64, string import urllib2 import win32api import sspi import pywintypes import socket class WindoewNtlmMessageGenerator: def __init__(self,user=None): import win32api,sspi if not user: user = win32api.GetUserName() self.sspi_client = sspi.ClientAuth("NTLM",user) def create_auth_req(self): import pywintypes output_buffer = None error_msg = None try: error_msg, output_buffer = self.sspi_client.authorize(None) except pywintypes.error: return None auth_req = output_buffer[0].Buffer auth_req = base64.encodestring(auth_req) auth_req = string.replace(auth_req,'\012','') return auth_req def create_challenge_response(self,challenge): import pywintypes output_buffer = None input_buffer = challenge error_msg = None try: error_msg, output_buffer = self.sspi_client.authorize(input_buffer) except pywintypes.error: return None response_msg = output_buffer[0].Buffer response_msg = base64.encodestring(response_msg) response_msg = string.replace(response_msg,'\012','') return response_msg fname='request.xml' request = file(fname).read() ip_host = '10.0.3.112' ntlm_gen = WindoewNtlmMessageGenerator() auth_req_msg = ntlm_gen.create_auth_req() auth_req_msg_dec = base64.decodestring(auth_req_msg) auth_req_msg = string.replace(auth_req_msg,'\012','') webservice = httplib.HTTPConnection(ip_host) webservice.putrequest("POST", "/idc/idcplg") webservice.putheader("Content-length", "%d" % len(request)) webservice.putheader('Authorization', 'NTLM'+' '+auth_req_msg) webservice.endheaders() resp = webservice.getresponse() resp.read() challenge = resp.msg.get('WWW-Authenticate') challenge_dec = base64.decodestring(challenge.split()[1]) msg3 = ntlm_gen.create_challenge_response(challenge_dec) webservice = httplib.HTTP(ip_host) webservice.putrequest("POST", "/idc/idcplg?IdcService=LOGIN&Auth=Intranet") webservice.putheader("Host", SHOD) webservice.putheader("Content-length", "%d" % len(request)) webservice.putheader('Authorization', 'NTLM'+' '+msg3) webservice.putheader("Content-type", "text/xml; charset=\"UTF-8\"") webservice.putheader("SOAPAction", "\"\"") webservice.endheaders() webservice.send(request) statuscode, statusmessage, header = webservice.getreply() res = webservice.getfile().read() res_file = file('result.txt','wb') res_file.write(res) res_file.close() [/python] sspi.py is available here: http://www.koders.com/python/fidF3B0061A07CD13BA35FF263E3E45252CFABFAA3B.aspx?s=timer Thanks!

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• Python coding test problem for interviews

  - by Kal

  I'm trying to come up with a good coding problem to ask interview candidates to solve with Python. They'll have an hour to work on the problem, with an IDE and access to documentation (we don't care what people have memorized). I'm not looking for a tough algorithmic problem - there are other sections of the interview where we do that kind of thing. The point of this section is to sit and watch them actually write code. So it should be something that makes them use just the data structures which are the everyday tools of the application developer - lists, hashtables (dictionaries in Python), etc, to solve a quasi-realistic task. They shouldn't be blocked completely if they can't think of something really clever. We have a problem which we use for Java coding tests, which involves reading a file and doing a little processing on the contents. It works well with candidates who are familiar with Java (or even C++). But we're running into a number of candidates who just don't know Java or C++ or C# or anything like that, but do know Python or Ruby. Which shouldn't exclude them, but leaves us with a dilemma: On the one hand, we don't learn much from watching someone struggle with the basics of a totally unfamiliar language. On the other hand, the problem we use for Java turns out to be pretty trivial in Python (or Ruby, etc) - anyone halfway competent can do it in 15 minutes. So, I'm trying to come up with something better. Surprisingly, Google doesn't show me anyone doing something like this, unless I'm just too dumb to enter the obvious search term. The best idea I've come up with involves scheduling workers to time slots, but it's maybe a little too open-ended. Have you run into a good example? Or a bad one? Or do you just have an idea?

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• How to implement Priority Queues in Python?

  - by dragosrsupercool

  Sorry for such a silly question but Python docs are confusing.. . Link 1: Queue Implementation http://docs.python.org/library/queue.html It says thats Queue has a contruct for priority queue. But I could not find how to implement it. class Queue.PriorityQueue(maxsize=0) Link 2: Heap Implementation http://docs.python.org/library/heapq.html Here they says that we can implement priority queues indirectly using heapq pq = [] # list of entries arranged in a heap entry_finder = {} # mapping of tasks to entries REMOVED = '<removed-task>' # placeholder for a removed task counter = itertools.count() # unique sequence count def add_task(task, priority=0): 'Add a new task or update the priority of an existing task' if task in entry_finder: remove_task(task) count = next(counter) entry = [priority, count, task] entry_finder[task] = entry heappush(pq, entry) def remove_task(task): 'Mark an existing task as REMOVED. Raise KeyError if not found.' entry = entry_finder.pop(task) entry[-1] = REMOVED def pop_task(): 'Remove and return the lowest priority task. Raise KeyError if empty.' while pq: priority, count, task = heappop(pq) if task is not REMOVED: del entry_finder[task] return task raise KeyError('pop from an empty priority queue' Which is the most efficient priority queue implementation in python? And how to implement it?

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• Fitting Gaussian KDE in numpy/scipy in Python

  - by user248237

  I am fitting a Gaussian kernel density estimator to a variable that is the difference of two vectors, called "diff", as follows: gaussian_kde_covfact(diff, smoothing_param) -- where gaussian_kde_covfact is defined as: class gaussian_kde_covfact(stats.gaussian_kde): def __init__(self, dataset, covfact = 'scotts'): self.covfact = covfact scipy.stats.gaussian_kde.__init__(self, dataset) def _compute_covariance_(self): '''not used''' self.inv_cov = np.linalg.inv(self.covariance) self._norm_factor = sqrt(np.linalg.det(2*np.pi*self.covariance)) * self.n def covariance_factor(self): if self.covfact in ['sc', 'scotts']: return self.scotts_factor() if self.covfact in ['si', 'silverman']: return self.silverman_factor() elif self.covfact: return float(self.covfact) else: raise ValueError, \ 'covariance factor has to be scotts, silverman or a number' def reset_covfact(self, covfact): self.covfact = covfact self.covariance_factor() self._compute_covariance() This works, but there is an edge case where the diff is a vector of all 0s. In that case, I get the error: File "/srv/pkg/python/python-packages/python26/scipy/scipy-0.7.1/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/stats/kde.py", line 334, in _compute_covariance self.inv_cov = linalg.inv(self.covariance) File "/srv/pkg/python/python-packages/python26/scipy/scipy-0.7.1/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/linalg/basic.py", line 382, in inv if info>0: raise LinAlgError, "singular matrix" numpy.linalg.linalg.LinAlgError: singular matrix What's a way to get around this? In this case, I'd like it to return a density that's essentially peaked completely at a difference of 0, with no mass everywhere else. thanks.

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• Python libusb pyusb "mach-o, but wrong architecture"

  - by Jon

  I am having some trouble with the pyusb module. I have narrowed down the problem to a single line, and have created a small example script to replicate the error. #!/usr/bin/env python """ This module was created to isolate the problem in the pyusb package. Operating system: Mac OS 10.6.3 Python Version: 2.6.4 libusb 1.0.8 has been successfully installed using: sudo port install libusb I have also tried modifying /opt/local/etc/macports/macports.conf to force the i386 architecture instead of x86_64. """ from ctypes import * import ctypes.util libname = ctypes.util.find_library('usb-1.0') print 'libname: ', libname l = CDLL(libname, RTLD_GLOBAL) # RESULT: #libname: /usr/local/lib/libusb-1.0.dylib #Traceback (most recent call last): # File "./pyusb_problem.py", line 7, in <module> # l = CDLL(libname, RTLD_GLOBAL) # File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/ctypes/__init__.py", line 353, in __init__ # self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode) #OSError: dlopen(/usr/local/lib/libusb-1.0.dylib, 10): no suitable image found. Did find: # /usr/local/lib/libusb-1.0.dylib: mach-o, but wrong architecture # End of File This same script runs on Ubuntu 10.04 successfully. I have tried building the libusb module (directly from source AND through macports) for 32-bit (i386) instead of x86_64 (default for OS 10.6), but I receive the same error. Thank-you in advance for your help!

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• Python: How to execute a SQL file or command

  - by Mestika

  Hi, I have this Python script: import sys import getopt import timeit import random import os import re import ibm_db import time from string import maketrans runs=5 queries=50 file = open("results.txt", "a") for r in range(5): print "Run %s\n" % r os.system("python reads.py -r1 -pquery1.sql -q50 -sespec") file.write('END QUERY READ 01') file.close() os.system("python query_read_02.py") Everything here is working, it is creating the results.txt file, it run the os.system("python reads.py...") file and that file is doing everything it's suppose to, but the problem comes when go and run the query_read_02.py file. In this file, it should execute a SQL command or a SQL file on my database, so I can create an index and see what the performance of that input is, but how do i do it? I create the connection to the database in the reads.py file, but it's hard to create the queries in there because I doesn't keep track of which file it has reached, it just execute commands from what the parameters are. I hope I've explained myself clear enough, otherwise please let me know. I just want to execute a SQL command or file which each query_read_0x.py file. Sincerely Mestika

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• Asynchronous background processes in Python?

  - by Geuis

  I have been using this as a reference, but not able to accomplish exactly what I need: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/89228/how-to-call-external-command-in-python/92395#92395 I also was reading this: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3145/ For our project, we have 5 svn checkouts that need to update before we can deploy our application. In my dev environment, where speedy deployments are a bit more important for productivity than a production deployment, I have been working on speeding up the process. I have a bash script that has been working decently but has some limitations. I fire up multiple 'svn updates' with the following bash command: (svn update /repo1) & (svn update /repo2) & (svn update /repo3) & These all run in parallel and it works pretty well. I also use this pattern in the rest of the build script for firing off each ant build, then moving the wars to Tomcat. However, I have no control over stopping deployment if one of the updates or a build fails. I'm re-writing my bash script with Python so I have more control over branches and the deployment process. I am using subprocess.call() to fire off the 'svn update /repo' commands, but each one is acting sequentially. I try '(svn update /repo) &' and those all fire off, but the result code returns immediately. So I have no way to determine if a particular command fails or not in the asynchronous mode. import subprocess subprocess.call( 'svn update /repo1', shell=True ) subprocess.call( 'svn update /repo2', shell=True ) subprocess.call( 'svn update /repo3', shell=True ) I'd love to find a way to have Python fire off each Unix command, and if any of the calls fails at any time the entire script stops.

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• Activate a python virtual environment using activate_this.py in a fabfile on Windows

  - by Rudy Lattae

  I have a Fabric task that needs to access the settings of my Django project. On Windows, I'm unable to install Fabric into the project's virtualenv (issues with Paramiko + pycrypto deps). However, I am able to install Fabric in my system-wide site-packages, no problem. I have installed Django into the project's virtualenv and I am able to use all the " python manage.py" commands easily when I activate the virtualenv with the "VIRTUALENV\Scripts\activate.bat" script. I have a fabric tasks file (fabfile.py) in my project that provides tasks for setup, test, deploy, etc. Some of the tasks in my fabfile need to access the settings of my django project through "from django.conf import settings". Since the only usable Fabric install I have is in my system-wide site-packages, I need to activate the virtualenv within my fabfile so django becomes available. To do this, I use the "activate_this" module of the project's virtualenv in order to have access to the project settings and such. Using "print sys.path" before and after I execute activate_this.py, I can tell the python path changes to point to the virtualenv for the project. However, I still cannot import django.conf.settings. I have been able to successfully do this on *nix (Ubuntu and CentOS) and in Cygwin. Do you use this setup/workflow on Windows? If so Can you help me figure out why this wont work on Windows or provide any tips and tricks to get around this issue? Thanks and Cheers. REF: http://virtualenv.openplans.org/#id9 | Using Virtualenv without bin/python Local development environment: Python 2.5.4 Virtualenv 1.4.6 Fabric 0.9.0 Pip 0.6.1 Django 1.1.1 Windows XP (SP3)

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• mysql-python stopped working

  - by MAC

  This is a rather dumb question but i'am looking at a bizarre situation. I am running fedora and have python 2.6.5 installed. The other day i installed MySQL-python using yum (because i do not have the setuptools module so i cannot build it from source). Anyway yesterday i wrote my entire data access layer in python and it was running fine, i did test it. Today however it gives me an ImportError: No module named MySQLdb The only thing i ever changed was i installed eclipse and pyDev. Any ideas on what went wrong and how i fix it. I tried removing and re-installing MySql-python but that did not help. I did the following import sys print sys.path And it shows me all the paths which are basically pertaining to /usr/local/lib/python2.6 However i was trying to find where the MySQLdb module is installed and it seems that its installed in /usr/lib/python2.5/sitepackages Now i have no idea why it got installed there and why it was working earlier and why it stopped working now. Any ideas on how i should fix it. I did try copying the site-packages folder over to the python2.6 folder but that did not work Help!!

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• Trying to build the basic python extension example fails (windows)

  - by Alexandros

  Hello, I have Python 2.6 and Visual Studio 2008 running on a Win7 x64 machine. When I try to build the basic python extension example in c "example_nt" as found in the python 2.6 sources distribution, it fails: python setup.py build And this results in: running build running build_ext building 'aspell' extension Traceback (most recent call last): File "setup.py", line 7, in <module> ext_modules = [module1]) File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\core.py", line 152, in setup dist.run_commands() File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 975, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 995, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 134, in run self.run_command(cmd_name) File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 333, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 995, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 343, in run self.build_extensions() File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 469, in build_extensions self.build_extension(ext) File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 534, in build_extension depends=ext.depends) File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 448, in compile self.initialize() File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 358, in initialize vc_env = query_vcvarsall(VERSION, plat_spec) File "C:\Python26\lib\distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 274, in query_vcvarsall raise ValueError(str(list(result.keys()))) ValueError: [u'path'] What can I do to fix this? Any help will be appreciated

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• Emailing smtp with Python error

  - by jakecar

  I can't figure out why this isn't working. I'm trying to send an email from my school email address with this code I got online. The same code works for sending from my GMail address. Does anyone know what this error means? The error occurs after waiting for about one and a half minutes. import smtplib FROMADDR = "FROM_EMAIL" LOGIN = "USERNAME" PASSWORD = "PASSWORD" TOADDRS = ["TO_EMAIL"] SUBJECT = "Test" msg = ("From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\nSubject: %s\r\n\r\n" % (FROMADDR, ", ".join(TOADDRS), SUBJECT) ) msg += "some text\r\n" server = smtplib.SMTP('OUTGOING_SMTP', 587) server.set_debuglevel(1) server.ehlo() server.starttls() server.login(LOGIN, PASSWORD) server.sendmail(FROMADDR, TOADDRS, msg) server.quit() And here's the error I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "emailer.py", line 13, in server = smtplib.SMTP('OUTGOING_SMTP', 587) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 239, in init (code, msg) = self.connect(host, port) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 295, in connect self.sock = self._get_socket(host, port, self.timeout) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 273, in _get_socket return socket.create_connection((port, host), timeout) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/socket.py", line 514, in create_connection raise error, msg socket.error: [Errno 60] Operation timed out

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• Is there a good way of automatically generating javascript client code from server side python

  - by tat.wright

  I basically want to be able to: Write a few functions in python (with the minimum amount of extra meta data) Turn these functions into a web service (with the minimum of effort / boiler plate) Automatically generate some javascript functions / objects for rpc (this should prevent me from doing as many stupid things as possible like mistyping method names, forgetting the names of methods, passing the wrong number of arguments) Example python: def hello_world(): return "Hello world" javascript: ... <!-- This file is automatically generated (either dynamically or statically) --> <script src="http://myurl.com/webservice/client_side_javascript"> </script> ... <script> $('#button').click(function () { hello_world(function (data){ $('#label').text(data))) } </script> A bit of research has shown me some approaches that come close to this: Automatic generation of json-rpc services from functions with a little boiler plate code in python and then using jquery and json to do the calls (still easy to make mistakes with method names - still need to be aware of urls when calling, very irritating to write these calls yourself in the firebug shell) Using a library like soaplib to generate wsdl from python (by adding copious type information). And then somehow convert this into javascript (not sure if there is even a library to do this) But are there any approaches closer to what I want?

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• Python multiprocessing doesn't play nicely with uuid.uuid4().

  - by yig

  I'm trying to generate a uuid for a filename, and I'm also using the multiprocessing module. Unpleasantly, all of my uuids end up exactly the same. Here is a small example: import multiprocessing import uuid def get_uuid( a ): ## Doesn't help to cycle through a bunch. #for i in xrange(10): uuid.uuid4() ## Doesn't help to reload the module. #reload( uuid ) ## Doesn't help to load it at the last minute. ## (I simultaneously comment out the module-level import). #import uuid ## uuid1() does work, but it differs only in the first 8 characters and includes identifying information about the computer. #return uuid.uuid1() return uuid.uuid4() def main(): pool = multiprocessing.Pool( 20 ) uuids = pool.map( get_uuid, range( 20 ) ) for id in uuids: print id if __name__ == '__main__': main() I peeked into uuid.py's code, and it seems to depending-on-the-platform use some OS-level routines for randomness, so I'm stumped as to a python-level solution (to do something like reload the uuid module or choose a new random seed). I could use uuid.uuid1(), but only 8 digits differ and I think there are derived exclusively from the time, which seems dangerous especially given that I'm multiprocessing (so the code could be executing at exactly the same time). Is there some Wisdom out there about this issue?

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• Gzip and subprocess' stdout in python

  - by pythonic metaphor

  I'm using python 2.6.4 and discovered that I can't use gzip with subprocess the way I might hope. This illustrates the problem: May 17 18:05:36> python Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Mar 10 2010, 14:41:19) [GCC 4.1.2 20071124 (Red Hat 4.1.2-42)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import gzip >>> import subprocess >>> fh = gzip.open("tmp","wb") >>> subprocess.Popen("echo HI", shell=True, stdout=fh).wait() 0 >>> fh.close() >>> [2]+ Stopped python May 17 18:17:49> file tmp tmp: data May 17 18:17:53> less tmp "tmp" may be a binary file. See it anyway? May 17 18:17:58> zcat tmp zcat: tmp: not in gzip format Here's what it looks like inside less HI ^_<8B>^H^Hh<C0><F1>K^B<FF>tmp^@^C^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ which looks like it put in the stdout as text and then put in an empty gzip file. Indeed, if I remove the "Hi\n", then I get this: May 17 18:22:34> file tmp tmp: gzip compressed data, was "tmp", last modified: Mon May 17 18:17:12 2010, max compression What is going on here?

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• android python full integration

  - by Grzegorz Oledzki

  Is there a way to fully integrate Python with Java code on Android platform? Yes, I saw the question about running Python on Android and Android Scripting Environment (ASE). But that doesn't seem to be enough (correct me if I am wrong). I wanted to be able not only to invoke a Python script from within Java code, but have a full integration. The feature I need the most is the ability to have a state of execution of python code saved and be able to run several parts of code on demand against the same execution state. On JavaSE I would rely on Jython. I believe its simplest example shows it all (and some other features too, like something I would call variable state introspection): http://www.jython.org/archive/21/docs/embedding.html PythonInterpreter interp = new PythonInterpreter(); System.out.println("Hello, brave new world"); interp.exec("import sys"); interp.exec("print sys"); interp.set("a", new PyInteger(42)); interp.exec("print a"); interp.exec("x = 2+2"); PyObject x = interp.get("x"); System.out.println("x: "+x); System.out.println("Goodbye, cruel world"); Is it possible on Android? Is ASE a way to go?

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• CentOS: make python 2.6 see django

  - by NP

  In a harrowing attempt to get mod_wsgi to run on CentOS 5.4, I've added python 2.6 as an optional library following the instructions here. The configuration seems fine except that when trying to ping the server the Apache log prints this error: mod_wsgi (pid=20033, process='otalo', application='127.0.0.1|'): Loading WSGI script '...django.wsgi'. [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] mod_wsgi (pid=20033): Target WSGI script '...django.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] mod_wsgi (pid=20033): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '...django.wsgi'. [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] Traceback (most recent call last): [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] File "...django.wsgi", line 8, in [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] import django.core.handlers.wsgi [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] ImportError: No module named django.core.handlers.wsgi when I go to my python2.6 install's command line and try 'import django', the module is not found (ImportError). However, my default python 2.4 installation (still working fine) is able to import successfully. How do I point python 2.6 to django? Thanks in advance.

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• Python and Unicode: How everything should be Unicode

  - by A A

  Forgive if this a long a question: I have been programming in Python for around six months. Self taught, starting with the Python tutorial and then SO and then just using Google for stuff. Here is the sad part: No one told me all strings should be Unicode. No, I am not lying or making this up, but where does the tutorial mention it? And most examples also I see just make use of byte strings, instead of Unicode strings. I was just browsing and came across this question on SO, which says how every string in Python should be a Unicode string. This pretty much made me cry! I read that every string in Python 3.0 is Unicode by default, so my questions are for 2.x: Should I do a: print u'Some text' or just print 'Text' ? Everything should be Unicode, does this mean, like say I have a tuple: t = ('First', 'Second'), it should be t = (u'First', u'Second')? I read that I can do a from __future__ import unicode_literals and then every string will be a Unicode string, but should I do this inside a container also? When reading/ writing to a file, I should use the codecs module. Right? Or should I just use the standard way or reading/ writing and encode or decode where required? If I get the string from say raw_input(), should I convert that to Unicode also? What is the common approach to handling all of the above issues in 2.x? The from __future__ import unicode_literals statement? Sorry for being a such a noob, but this changes what I have been doing for a long time and so clearly I am confused.

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