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  • Why There is a difference between assembly languages like Windows, Linux ?

    - by mcaaltuntas
    I am relatively new to all this low level stuff,assembly language.. and want to learn more detail. Why there is a difference between Linux, Windows Assembly languages? As I understand when I compile a C code Operating system does not really produce pure machine or assembly code, it produces OS dependent binary code.But why ? For example when I use a x86 system, CPU only understands x86 ASM am I right?.So Why we dont write pure x86 assembly code and why there are different assembly variations based on Operating system? If we would write pure ASM or OS produce pure ASM there wouldn't be binary compatilibty issues between Operating systems or Not ? I am really wondering all reasons behind them. Any detailed answer, article, book would be great. Thanks.

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  • Wastage of resources in Virtualization

    - by Sabeen Malik
    I am not sure if this is the write place to ask the question. However i hope it is. When looking for a VPS earlier today, I was trying to understand how each container would work in the background. Keeping in mind the fact that the operating system uses most of the power and power on a system, wouldn't having multiple operating systems in the same machine mean more wastage of resources. For instance if i was running centOS on a dedicated box and it was running lets say 20 background OS level processes. Then i go and install a virtualization platform and install 5 more centOS virtual machines in the same system which are exactly the same as the host operating system. Doesn't this mean duplication of those 20 processes 6 times? So internally the context switching is happening between 120 processes instead of 20?

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  • Looking for a free bootloader

    - by jasonh
    I've heard recommendations from other people before that simply having a bootloader can make it so much easier to add and remove operating systems from my system. What is the best (preferably free) one to have?

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  • Is there a user-comfortable Unix-like OS?

    - by Rob Kam
    Apparently BSD is like this but only for the OS not for the third party applications: Is there a Unix or Unix-like operating system (but not OS X), where all the installed applications and drivers either all work smoothly/properly or are not included in the distribution? But not something that's been dumbed down.

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  • Is it possible for a directory to get unlinked while its contained files remain?

    - by Walkerneo
    I used to wonder why deleting directories via PHP or shell wasn't as easy as it was in Windows with just clicking delete. I realize now that deleting is simply unlinking files from the file allocation table, so to delete a directory, you must unlink all the files inside it. Is it ever possible for the directory's entry to be removed, but not those of the files inside it? Do operating systems periodically check for files that can't be reached in the file system?

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  • Unicode support between different OS and browsers

    - by Martin Trigaux
    I would like to develop a web application that uses unicode. The problem is that I don't know if the user supports or not the full unicode set. First question : is the unicode support depends on the browser or the operating system ? Second question : how well main browsers/OS behave ? To goal is to find big subsets of mainly supported unicode characters (with the fact that I accept to not support old tech) Thank you

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  • Booting a virtual os on a physical environment

    - by Nrew
    Is there an application that allows you to add a virtualized version of your operating system into the mbr? By virtualized, I mean that if you boot this one, any changes made in it will not be committed to the disk. Just like how deepfreeze, returnil, and shadow user works. Is it possible to do that? Because the applications mentioned above requires you to reboot if you want that changes will not be retained.

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  • Which OS/distributions have 64-bit kernel and 32-bit userspace? [closed]

    - by osgx
    Which OS (or distributions) comes with 64-bit kernels (x86_64, SPARC64, PPC64, ..smth else?..) and 32-bit userland? I want all small userspace programs (like ls, cat, etc) to be 32-bit, because they really no needs to be 64-bit. But OS kernel must be 64bit for using =3 Gb of RAM. Also database programs (when using a lot of memory) can be 64bit. 64bit mode can hurt some programs, makes them bigger, eating (wasting) memory on pointers (especially in big abstract datatypes like list, tree, etc). 64 bit programss WASTES twice memory on EACH Pointer. I don't want it. And the Question is not "Are the 32-bit programs needed when 64-bit porcessor is available". Question is "What OS comes with 32 bit userspace and kernels in 32/64 bit mode". Examples of such OS includes: Solaris/SPARC64, MACOSX/X86_64 (10.5)/....

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  • Preferred OS for hosting Tomcat servlet container

    - by dacracot
    I know that I'm taking a risk, pitting the differing OS religions against each other, but I would like professional opinions about hosting a servlet container. In my case the container is set, we will be using Tomcat. But what is in question is the hosting operating system. We have administrators experienced in Windows Server 2003. We have developers experienced in Solaris, OSX, and Linux. There is no warring between these groups, just a question of who will ramp up through the learning curve necessary to use the OS that they are unfamiliar with. So given all the cooperative spirit, we are struggling with how to find the most efficient path. I had already cross-posted this question here.

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  • Using SQLXML Bulk Load in .NET Environment - Error with One to Many relationship on Complex Type

    - by user331111
    Hi, I have an error when I am importing an XML file using SQLXMLBulkLoad, wondering if anyone could help. Error: Data mapping to column 'Attribute' was already found in the data. Make sure that no two schema definitions map to the same column Full files and details can be found here http://www.experts-exchange.com/Microsoft/Development/MS-SQL-Server/SQL-Server-2005/Q_26102239.html Exert from XSD: <sql:relationship name="EnvironmentDECAttributes" parent="Environment" parent-key="intEnvironmentID" child="DECAttributes" child-key="intEnvironmentID"/> <complexType name="Environment"> <sequence> <element name="ESANumber" minOccurs="0"> <annotation> <documentation> Environmentally Sensitive Area Number </documentation> </annotation> <simpleType> <restriction base="string"> <maxLength value="15"/> <whiteSpace value="collapse"/> </restriction> </simpleType> </element> <element name="Conditions" minOccurs="0" sql:relation="Conditions" sql:relationship="EnvironmentConditions"> <complexType> <sequence> <element name="Condition" type="vms:EnvironmentalConditions" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="5"/> </sequence> </complexType> </element> <element name="DECDistrict" minOccurs="0"> <annotation> <documentation> Department of Environment &amp; Conservation District </documentation> </annotation> <simpleType> <restriction base="string"> <maxLength value="31"/> <whiteSpace value="collapse"/> </restriction> </simpleType> </element> <element name="DECAttributes" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" sql:relation="DECAttributes" sql:relationship="EnvironmentDECAttributes"> <complexType> <sequence> <element name="Attribute" type="vms:DECAttributes" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" sql:field="Attribute"> <annotation> <documentation> Department of Environment &amp; Conservation attributes. </documentation> </annotation> </element> </sequence> </complexType> </element> </sequence> </complexType> Exert from XML: <Environment> <DECAttributes> <Attribute>WA</Attribute> <Attribute>SA</Attribute> </DECAttributes> </Environment> Any help/ comments would be appreciated Thanks C

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  • Why do we need different CPU architecture for server & mini/mainframe & mixed-core?

    - by claws
    Hello, I was just wondering what other CPU architectures are available other than INTEL & AMD. So, found List of CPU architectures on Wikipedia. It categorizes notable CPU architectures into following categories. Embedded CPU architectures Microcomputer CPU architectures Workstation/Server CPU architectures Mini/Mainframe CPU architectures Mixed core CPU architectures I was analyzing the purposes and have few doubts. I taking Microcomputer CPU (PC) architecture as reference and comparing others. Embedded CPU architecture: They are a completely new world. Embedded systems are small & do very specific task mostly real time & low power consuming so we do not need so many & such wide registers available in a microcomputer CPU (typical PC). In other words we do need a new small & tiny architecture. Hence new architecture & new instruction RISC. The above point also clarifies why do we need a separate operating system (RTOS). Workstation/Server CPU architectures I don't know what is a workstation. Someone clarify regarding the workstation. As of the server. It is dedicated to run a specific software (server software like httpd, mysql etc.). Even if other processes run we need to give server process priority therefore there is a need for new scheduling scheme and thus we need operating system different than general purpose one. If you have any more points for the need of server OS please mention. But I don't get why do we need a new CPU Architecture. Why cant Microcomputer CPU architecture do the job. Can someone please clarify? Mini/Mainframe CPU architectures Again I don't know what are these & what miniframes or mainframes used for? I just know they are very big and occupy complete floor. But I never read about some real world problems they are trying to solve. If any one working on one of these. Share your knowledge. Can some one clarify its purpose & why is it that microcomputer CPU archicture not suitable for it? Is there a new kind of operating system for this too? Why? Mixed core CPU architectures Never heard of these. If possible please keep your answer in this format: XYZ CPU architectures Purpose of XYZ Need for a new architecture. why can't current microcomputer CPU architecture work? They go upto 3GHZ & have upto 8 cores. Need for a new Operating System Why do we need a new kind of operating system for this kind of archictures?

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  • OpenSolaris / Nexenta problems with NetXen 4-port NIC card (ntxn driver)

    - by ewwhite
    Hello, I'm running NexentaStor Enterprise on an HP ProLiant DL180 G6 server. The onboard NIC interfaces surface as igb0 and igb1 and work well. However, I've added an HP NC375T 4-port network card using the NetXen 3031 chipset. This card should be handled by the ntxn driver in the SUNWntxn package, but that results in "ntxn0: failed to map doorbell" messages upon boot. The network interfaces don't show up. After some research, I found HP's driver package for the card. The release notes for the driver package state: This version of the Driver is supported only on Oracle Solaris 10 5/09 & 10/09. Oracle Solaris 10 5/09 & 10/09 contain an older version of NetXen P3 driver package called SUNWntxn. So, adding another version of NetXen P3 driver package using pkgadd command might result in conflicts with the NetXen driver binary & related files. Users are advised to uninstall native SUNWntxn driver package before installing the new package. The install completes, but I end up with a different set of errors in initializing the card. ifconfig ntxn0 plumb ifconfig: cannot open link "ntxn0": DLPI link does not exist dmesg output: Jan 29 07:20:17 ch-san2 ntxn: [ID 977263 kern.warning] WARNING: Memory not available Jan 29 07:20:17 ch-san2 ntxn: [ID 404858 kern.notice] NOTICE: ntxn0: Mac registration error Trying to manually create the device files: root@ch-san2:/volumes# add_drv -i "4040,100" ntxn ("ntxn") already in use as a driver or alias. Update the driver: root@ch-san2:/volumes# update_drv -f ntxn devfsadm: driver failed to attach: ntxn Warning: Driver (ntxn) successfully added to system but failed to attach Any ideas on how to get this driver working, or should I ditch the card and go with an Intel or something else?

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  • Strange ZFS hidden filesystem problem

    - by RandomInsano
    Half of my ZFS filesystems are hidden in ZFS-fuse. Here's my story: So, I love ZFS. I used it for about six months on FreeBSD, but due to it crashing the kernel during heavy inter-filesystem IO load, I tried switching to Solaris 5.10. That was good, but when I attempted to do an import of my Version 13 pool into its Version 4 version of ZFS, there were some heafty problems. It may have tried to correct the filesystem definitions, I don't know. Since that version wasn't compatible with my pool, I've now switched to Ubuntu Server 10.4. That version more than supports that of my pool, but I can only see half of my filesystems. The filesystems I can see are the same as those Solaris could see. Now, despite those filesystems not being preset in a 'zfs list' command, I can still set properties on them and I can even still mount them and read and write files, but they just plain don't show up in 'zfs list'. I've mounted the major ones, but I'm not sure what other filesystems there are anymore (I have about eight that I can't see). Anyone have any idea what the heck is going on? I think I might try booting back into FreeBSD 8 (I still have the main boot drive laying around for that) and see if at least it is able to view the filesystems. I've also done a scrub while in Linux, and it found no errors with any of the data. Oddly, DMA read errors which caused problems on FreeBSD ZFS are reported by Linux, but ZFS-fuse doesn't find an error. That's a topic for another post however.

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  • Forcing programs to be installed to another drive

    - by zyboxenterprises
    I have an SSD as my main Windows drive, with a 640GB 2.5" HDD, partitioned to store programs and user settings, and also to act as backup (it's the only thing I had lying around at the time of building my PC). The task was to make the PC as fast as possible, while having an increased storage capacity available to store normal user data, and to assist in my small data recovery business. The problem is that whenever I install a program, it installs to C:\Program Files [(x86 for the 32 bit programs]\, although I have changed the environment variables. This wouldn't normally be an issue, however every installation program points its shortcut to my 640GB HDD. The root layout of both drives: To clarify: Program files get installed to C:\ Program shortcuts are always pointed to Z:\, my 640GB HDD Modifying the relevant environment variables doesn't do anything, I looked at this, but however it only talks about modifying the registry and environment variables, which I have already done so. I install to the Z:\ drive if the installation program lets me change the installation path, but however the installation programs sometimes don't let me change this. Is there a way that I can force every program to install to the relevant location on Z:\? Perhaps I'm missing something here? Edit: Found this program; would it be appropriate to use in my case? I would be able to move the entire Program Files (and its x86 version) to Z:\, without impacting on the performance.

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  • Sun Power Button Won't Shut Down System

    - by user36680
    Background: We are running NIS and have NFS mounts from a Solaris 10 workstation to a Solaris 8 server. If the workstation loses its network connection for some reason, when I look at the workstation's console I see repeated messages of the form: <date> <time> <hostname> ypbind[<pid>]: NIS server not responding for domain "<domain>"; still trying. If I try to login at the console as a user, it won't work because it can't authenticate my account through NIS. Also, it won't return to a login prompt again, so I can't log in as root. If I press the power button (don't hold it in) on the workstation, I see: <date> <time> <hostname> power: WARNING: Power off requested from power button or SC, powering down the system! Shutdown started. <date> <time> Changing to init state 5 - please wait. <date> <time+2 minutes> <hostname> power: WARNING: Failed to shut down the system! And continue to see messages of the form: <date> <time> <hostname> ypbind[<pid>]: NIS server not responding for domain "<domain>"; still trying. So, the questions are How do I make NIS stop trying (because I know it will fail)? Why won't it shut down?

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  • ERROR: Not enough space?

    - by dsmoljanovic
    Now this is a very unspecific question. I'm trying to figure out what this message would mean. Here is the story behind it: I'm installing Oracle enterprise manager cloud control (12c r3) on Solaris 10 (5/09). Installer opens up, i enter all needed information and at the last step click Install. It immediately crashes with only "ERROR: Not enough space" written in log and console and nothing else. Now, this could be java error or Solaris error? I'm thinking it's happening either when it starts to copy files or when it tries to launch a process that would do that. What space is it referring to? disk (have ehough), swap (also), memory (yep)... Any ideas are helpful. Edit: i found this exception in the oraInventory logs: oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstallAPIException: Not enough space at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicAPIInstaller.initInstallSession(OiicAPIInstaller.java:2165) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicAPIInstaller.initOUIAPISession(OiicAPIInstaller.java:790) at oracle.sysman.install.oneclick.EMGCOUIInstaller.prepareForInstall(EMGCOUIInstaller.java:676) at oracle.sysman.install.oneclick.EMGCSummaryDlgonNext$1.run(EMGCSummaryDlgonNext.java:243) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662) at oracle.sysman.install.oneclick.EMGCSummaryDlgonNext.actionsOnClickofNext(EMGCSummaryDlgonNext.java:1067) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at oracle.sysman.install.oneclick.EMGCUtil.performonClickOfNextForClass(EMGCUtil.java:399) at oracle.sysman.install.oneclick.EMGCUtil.performPageLevelValidationsForSilentInstall(EMGCUtil.java:367) at oracle.sysman.install.oneclick.EMGCInstaller.prepareForSilentInstall(EMGCInstaller.java:1459) at oracle.sysman.install.oneclick.EMGCInstaller.main(EMGCInstaller.java:1553) disk status: bash-3.00$ df -h /tmp Filesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on swap 8.1G 2.7G 5.4G 33% /tmp bash-3.00$ df -h /u01 Filesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on / 275G 28G 244G 11% / swap: root@gs12emcc # swap -s total: 18306040k bytes allocated + 3837808k reserved = 22143848k used, 5712664k available

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  • Escaping %’s in file-/folder-names at the command-line

    - by Synetech
    Does anybody of a way to access files and directories that have a % in their name (which is valid) from the command-line? Specifically, if there are two %’s and the text between them happens to correspond to an environment variable. For example, if there is a file called C:\blah\%temp%.txt or a folder called C:\Program Files\%temp%\, none of the following will work because the variable gets expanded: > dir "c:\blah\%temp%.txt" > dir "c:\blah\^%temp^%.txt" > dir "c:\blah\%%temp%%.txt" > dir "c:\blah\\%temp\%.txt" > dir "c:\program files\%temp%" > dir "c:\program files\^%temp^%" > dir "c:\program files\%%temp%%" > dir "c:\program files\\%temp\%" Using wildcards will work, but does not uniquely select the file/folder and may include others: > dir "c:\blah\?temp?.txt"        (also shows ztempz.temp, 1tempa.txt, etc.) > dir "c:\program files\?temp?"   (likewise) (This is frustrating because every now and then—usually when Explorer is restarted for whatever reason—the environment variables stop expanding and some places where they are used end up creating files or directories with the environment variable in it. For example, because I configured Chromium to store its cache in a subdirectory of %temp%, if the variable expands, it is fine, but when it doesn’t, Chromium creates a directory called %temp% under its own directory and stores the cache—which can get large—there. I want to add a line to my temp-/junk-file cleaning script to automatically delete that folder if it exists, but I cannot figure out how to access it from the command-line without resorting to wildcards.)

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  • Apache (Solaris 10): 2 symlinks to the same file, one works the other doesn't

    - by justcatchingrye
    I'm seeing a strange issue with Apache I have a system that pulls a configuration file from a web server. I want to use a symlink with the name 'ocds-dpsarch01a.rules'. This doesn't work. However, if I change one character in that name and link it to the same file, it works - See below I can't think of any reason why one symlink would work when another doesn't? I would have thought either the Apache configuration is right and all symlinks work, or it isn't and no syslinks work(?) Any thoughts welcome ls -l /REMOVED/apache2/htdocs/rules/syslog/*cds-dpsarch01a.rules lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 62 May 13 13:55 ocds-dpsarch01a.rules - /REMOVED/apache2/htdocs/templates/syslog/DCM_SST_DPST_01.rules lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 62 May 13 13:52 xcds-dpsarch01a.rules - /REMOVED/apache2/htdocs/templates/syslog/DCM_SST_DPST_01.rules 1) Application starting and successfully reading configuration from the web server 13/05/2010 13:56:37: Information: Connecting ... 13/05/2010 13:56:37: Debug: Reading REMOVED:// REMOVED /rules/syslog/xcds-dpsarch01a.rules 13/05/2010 13:56:37: Debug: HTTP response: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 13 May 2010 13:56:34 GMT Server: Apache Last-Modified: Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:28:26 GMT ETag: "5073-a744-ee92ae80" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 42820 Cache-Control: max-age=5 Expires: Thu, 13 May 2010 13:56:39 GMT NL7C-Filtered: Content-Type: text/plain Connection: close 13/05/2010 13:56:37: Debug: Plain text rules file detected. 2) Application starting and failing to read configuration from the web server 13/05/2010 13:56:55: Information: Connecting ... 13/05/2010 13:56:55: Debug: Reading REMOVED :// REMOVED /rules/syslog/ocds-dpsarch01a.rules 13/05/2010 13:56:55: Debug: HTTP response: HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Date: Wed, 12 May 2010 15:25:11 GMT Server: Apache Vary: accept-language,accept-charset Accept-Ranges: bytes Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Language: en Expires: Wed, 12 May 2010 15:25:11 GMT 13/05/2010 13:56:55: Error: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Date: Wed, 12 May 2010 15:25:11 GMT Server: Apache Vary: accept-language,accept-charset Accept-Ranges: bytes Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Language: en Expires: Wed, 12 May 2010 15:25:11 GMT 13/05/2010 13:56:55: Error: HTTP GET failed 13/05/2010 13:56:55: Error: Failed to open Rules file: REMOVED :// REMOVED /rules/syslog/ocds-dpsarch01a.rules

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  • Java run time environment mac

    - by Gatura
    I am trying to install an application on a MAC 10.6.4, however i get an installation error that no java runtime environment. However on the java website, the mac section indicates that MAC provides its own java and should use the software update software to get the latest java application. I have done this and gotten the latest java however I still get the same error no java run time is there something am missing?

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