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• Apache Prefork Configuration

  - by user1618606

  I'm newbie on VPS configuration. So, I've installed apache, php and mysql and now I need to know how to configure Prefork to optimize Apache. The system configuration is: CPU Cores 2 x 2 Ghz @ 4 Ghz RAM Memory 2304 MB DDR3 Burst Memory 3 GB DDR3 Disk Space 30 GB SSD Bandwidth 3 TB SwitchPort 1 Gbps Actually, after linux, mysql, apache and php, there are 250 MB memory in use. Well, I don't have idea to calculate. I saw in some websistes, some vars like: KeepAlive On KeepAliveTimeout 1 MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 StartServers 15 MinSpareServers 15 MaxSpareServers 15 MaxClients 20 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 or StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 How I could to do: Prefork or worker? Where and how the vars are placed? In httpd.conf?

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• Windows 7 (32bit) not adding favorites to Windows Explorer

  - by bsigrist

  I am attempting to add several locations on my disk to my "Favorites" in Windows Explorer. I have used this feature in the 64bit version of Windows 7 without a problem, but it does not seem to work in this install. Here is my methodology so far. 1.) Go to a location in Windows Explorer "C:\users\Benjamin" 2.) Right click on the "favorites" in the left hand folder navigation window and select "Add current location to Favorites" It does not fire an error, but the location does not appear under favorites. What might be happening here to prevent "favorites" from populating?

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• Optimizing MySQL for small VPS

  - by Chris M

  I'm trying to optimize my MySQL config for a verrry small VPS. The VPS is also running NGINX/PHP-FPM and Magento; all with a limit of 250MB of RAM. This is an output of MySQL Tuner... -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.41-3ubuntu12.8 [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: -Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 1M (Tables: 14) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 29M (Tables: 301) [--] Data in MEMORY tables: 1M (Tables: 17) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 301 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 2d 11h 14m 58s (1M q [8.038 qps], 33K conn, TX: 2B, RX: 618M) [--] Reads / Writes: 83% / 17% [--] Total buffers: 122.0M global + 8.6M per thread (100 max threads) [!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 978.2M (404% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (37/1M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 6% (6/100) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 32.0M/282.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 99.7% (358K cached / 1K reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 83.4% (1M cached / 1M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 48301 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 144K sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 13% (27K on disk / 203K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (6 created / 33K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (32 open / 51K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 1% (20/1K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (1M immediate / 1M locks) [!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 29.2M/8.0M -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high *** *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables *** query_cache_size (> 64M) table_cache (> 32) innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 29M) and this is the config. # # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # # # * IMPORTANT # If you make changes to these settings and your system uses apparmor, you may # also need to also adjust /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld. # user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 32M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 sort_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP max_connections = 100 table_cache = 32 tmp_table_size = 128M #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # #query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_type = 1 query_cache_size = 64M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ The site contains 1 wordpress site,so lots of MYISAM but mostly static content as its not changing all that often (A wordpress cache plugin deals with this). And the Magento Site which consists of a lot of InnoDB tables, some MyISAM and some INMEMORY. The "read" side seems to be running pretty well with a mass of optimizations I've used on Magento, the NGINX setup and PHP-FPM + XCACHE. I'd love to have a kick in the right direction with the MySQL config so I'm not blindly altering it based on the MySQLTuner without understanding what I'm changing. Thanks

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• Apache Prefork Configuration

  - by user1618606

  I'm newbie on VPS configuration. So, I've installed apache, php and mysql and now I need to know how to configure Prefork to optimize Apache. The system configuration is: CPU Cores 2 x 2 Ghz @ 4 Ghz RAM Memory 2304 MB DDR3 Burst Memory 3 GB DDR3 Disk Space 30 GB SSD Bandwidth 3 TB SwitchPort 1 Gbps Actually, after linux, mysql, apache and php, there are 250 MB memory in use. Well, I don't have idea to calculate. I saw in some websistes, some vars like: KeepAlive On KeepAliveTimeout 1 MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 StartServers 15 MinSpareServers 15 MaxSpareServers 15 MaxClients 20 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 or StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 How I could to do: Prefork or worker? Where and how the vars are placed? In httpd.conf?

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• grep pattern interpretted differently in 2 different systems with same grep version

  - by Lance Woodson

  We manufacture a linux appliance for data centers, and all are running fedora installed from the same kickstart process. There are different hardware versions, some with IDE hard drives and some SCSI, so the filesystems may be at /dev/sdaN or /dev/hdaN. We have a web interface into these appliances that show disk usage, which is generated using "df | grep /dev/*da". This generally works for both hardware versions, giving an output like follows: /dev/sda2 5952284 3507816 2137228 63% / /dev/sda5 67670876 9128796 55049152 15% /data /dev/sda1 101086 11976 83891 13% /boot However, for one machine, we get the following result from that command: Binary file /dev/sda matches It seems that its grepping files matching /dev/*da for an unknown pattern for some reason, only on this box that is seemingly identical in grep version, packages, kernel, and hardware. I switched the grep pattern to be "/dev/.da" and everything works as expected on this troublesome box, but I hate not knowing why this is happening. Anyone have any ideas? Or perhaps some other tests to try?

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• Are there any FIPS-140-2 certified solutions for Linux?

  - by Mark Renouf

  I'm not even 100% certain what this involves, but my current understanding is this: use of only approved cryptographic algorithms for network traffic (easy, we use SSL and lock down the algorithms to only the really strong ones). Some form of physical data protection, involving disk encryption and physical tamper evident packaging. Obviously we're on our own if we need a tamper-proof product. But what about software for encrpytion. My guess is just using LUKS (although secure) will not be certified because it's open source (gov't seems a bit biased towards proprietary solutions here). Guardian Edge was mentioned by someone, but that appears to be complete Windows-based. So we need something like it, certified FIPS-140 compliant we can use on Linux.

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• How do you remove old Windows Vista Backups?

  - by leeand00

  I've been backing up my Vista box using Complete PC backup for quite a while now, and I was just wondering how it is that you remove old backups when your backup drive is to full for another backup. I recently received the following error: The backup did not complete successfully. An error occurred. The following information might help you resolve the error: There is not enough space to save the backup files. Free up disk space or change your backup settings. (0x81000005) I don't see anything in the settings for the backup to change this. Do I have to mount the backup to delete an old backup? If so where is that file located? Update Posted my question here

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• Which software could I use to setup a 4in6 IP tunnel (RFC 2473) on GNU/Linux

  - by Mildred

  Here is my problem. I have a server A that has two IP addresses. One public IPv4 and one IPv6. Server B has only one IPv6 address. I want to host most of my services on server B (because I have more disk space on it, I can control it better) but I need the IPv4 of the server A. I would like to set up a 4in6 tunnel (RFC 2473) between A and B so that I can transfer the traffic from the IPv4 address in A to B. If needed, I can request another IPv4 address on the server A, but I'd prefer not to. My question is: which software use to do the 4in6 tunnelling? I suppose OpenVPN can do the thing, but is there any implementation of the 4in6 protocol on Linux? A little more challenging: the IPv4 address comes from a venet interface, which cannot be bridged. How could I transfer ownership of this address I don't use on server A to the server B? Thank you

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• How much should a Systems Administrator be making?

  - by Curtis

  Hello, I'm a Sys Admin for a small (but successful and growing) company (~60 employees). I've got roughly 5-6 years of actual sys admin experience, plus another 5+ years of lower level work in the industry. I'm responsible for most everything above a helpdesk level in the company (server[windows]/network[cisco]/firewall/SAN[emc] setup/configuration/maintenance/troubleshooting), lead many projects, analyze system data -- I'm sure you've heard it all before...I have a bunch of certs, most are just "nice to have", but the ones that actually apply to my role are CCNA, MSCE, VCP (VMware). If things go wrong, I'm first in line to resolve the issue. I'm not management (no one reports to me). I've seen many of these sorts of questions online before, and I know the typical response is "too many variables, depends on location, industry type" etc etc. I'm just wondering (ballpark) what I should be looking for. I've tried to give as much detail as I can, but if I'm missing something, I'd be glad to post it. Thanks anyone.

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• How to set up RAID 1 on Dell PERC S300 With Existing OS Install

  - by Daniel Dugger

  We have a server that is being used in production, but it was not originally meant to. The main thing I want to add to it is a Dell PERC S300 RAID Card to have the main hard drive (Windows Server 2008 R2) mirrored on another hard drive. I can not initialize the disk and wipe the the OS to create the array and then re-install. Is there a way to create the array with a current hard drive, without affecting it, and just mirroring the drive? If that card is not an option, is there a card that would allow that? The server is a Dell PowerEdge T110 II.

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• Insulate hosted client domains from server IP address change?

  - by babtek

  I will be hosting web content for many client domains on a single IP address (with a web hosting company, not inhouse machine). Initially, I must give client some information to configure their registrar to point the domain to my server. I want client domains insulated from a potential IP address change, so if I change hosts/IP address they don't have to reconfigure anything with their registrar. Is this reasonably possible without running my own nameserver? If so, what would be the smartest way to make it happen? Instruct clients to make CNAME record? Use some type of DNS management service that clients would use as a nameserver?

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• Intermittent freeze of Windows 7 x64 on laptop

  - by georged

  I have Lenovo W500, 8GB RAM, 250GB Crucial SSD running Windows 7 x64 using boot-to-vhd. Lately I started to experience some random freezes for 5-30 seconds. And when I say "freeze" I mean it; it's like a time machine - no input taken, nothing is written anywhere, no log, no disk activity. And then suddenly machine would wake up and continue as if nothing happened. I do suspect that it's one of the drivers but I don't see any updates in the log lately except for .NET 4 framework and Adobe Reader. Out of new or updated software I can only recall Skype and IE9 but freezes started to occur definitely before IE install. Regular software includes but not limited to: Office 2010, VMWare Workstation, IE9, Chrome, Skype, Seesmic/TweeterDeck, Live Writer. How should I approach the "hunting season" to find our the culprit? Any tools or packages that could help me to identify the component, program, driver that causes the freeze? Cheers

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• Whatsup gold reporting

  - by rotard

  I work for an IT consulting company, and we use WhatsUp Gold to monitor our and our clients' servers. WUG works, and provides all the data we need in a reasonably useful format. However, management wants to use it as a sales tool. They want more attractive reports that they can hand off to clients and prospective clients to show off how slick our monitoring software is. Is there a third-party solution that will generate more attractive reports based on data in the WUG database? I have already suggested using reporting services to build our own reports, but that idea was rejected.

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• SQL Server: "This filegroup cannot be used as a backup destination" error when attempting restore

  - by Ariel

  When running a command like the following: "RESTORE FILELISTONLY FROM DISK='\\\\server\\folder\\DummyDB.bak'" I'm getting this error: Backup destination "\\server" supports a FILESTREAM filegroup. This filegroup cannot be used as a backup destination. Rerun the BACKUP statement with a valid backup destination. RESTORE FILELIST is terminating abnormally. Unless someone comes up with a better idea, it seems that the drive from which restore is being attempted must not contain any database file contained in a filegroup. Is that the case? Thanks in advance.

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• SBS 2011 backup

  - by Chris

  I have a freshly installed SBS 2011 server that I need to configure for backup. I tried using the SBS backup configuration tool, but it didn't want to use anything but an external drive. Previously, with our W2K3 servers, I used NTBackup to back up the server to disk and then copied the backup files to a remote server on a regular basis. It doesn't appear this is possible with the built-in backup tools in SBS 2011. Am I missing something? What other options are there that won't cost an arm and a leg?

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• Restore data from overwritten LVM

  - by Matthias Bayer

  I lost all of my data (8 TB) which I collected over the past few years yesterday because I made some seriuos mistakes during the remounting of my LVM. I run a XenServer5.6 installation with additional 4 harddisks for data storage. An LVM over those 4 HDDs was used to store all of my data. Yesterday, I reinstalled XenServer and wanted to mount my old Harddrives and add the LVM. I run xe sr-create [...] for all disks (/dev/sdb .. /dev/sde), but that was totally wrong. This command deletes the old LVM on the disks and created an new, empty lvm on every single disk with no partitions. No i got 4 empty harddrives :( Is it possible to recover some data from that lost LVM volumes? I have no clue how to do it because i deleted all informations about the old LVM. Is there a way to access the files insed that old lvm directly?

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• How to change controller numbering/enumeration in Solaris 10?

  - by Jim

  After moving a Solaris 10 server to a new machine, the rpool disk is now c1t0d0. We have some third party applications hard coded for c0t0d0. How can I change the controller enumeration on this machine? There is no longer a c0. I've tried rebuilding the /etc/path_to_inst, but the instance numbers don't seem to match up with the controller numbers. Also, it's not clear if i86pc platforms use this file. I've tried devfsadm -C to clear the dangling links, but I'm not sure how to cause devfsadm to start numbering from 0 again (or force certain devices in the tree to a specific controller number). Next I am going to try to create the symlinks manually in /dev/dsk and rdsk to point to the correct /devices. I feel like I am going way off path here. Any suggestions? Thanks

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• Private cloud solution [Eucalyptus,OpenStack, Nimbus] for Java deployments [Glassfish, Tomcat]

  - by Tadas D.

  I am interested in a way to have private cloud which would host Glassfish (or Tomcat) server. Which option from Eucalyptus, Openstack or Nimbus would be best to deploy java applications on it? Or maybe there is something other and I am looking wrong at the problem? The way I imagine this, that I should have some shared storage that I could expand by introducing new nodes to this cluster and have easy management for glassfish instances: something like virtual machines images that I can start and stop on demand and that image is shared among nodes. I don't need concrete step-by-step solution here but guidelines how this should be done are very welcome.

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• How can I restore my deleted calendar data in Windows Live Mail ?

  - by Cheryl

  I have been using the calendar in Windows Live Mail for months now. When I logged on yesterday, all of the data and appointments I have been inputting for months is gone. The calendar is completely blank. I have performed a system restore with no luck. I have run in safe mode with no luck. I have run a check disk in DOS with no luck. Any other ideas on what I can do to find my calendar info? Could the file be corrupt? I rely on this calendar and all of my info is gone, so any help will be greatly appreciated.

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• How does copy protection work?

  - by Yar

  Many programs refuse to go beyond a trial period. Even if they are trashed and then reinstalled, they 'remember' that the trial period has expired. Assuming no contact with a licensing server, what is the general way that most copy protection works? Do programs drop files in random folders on the hard disk that are hard to track down? I know there's no registry on OSX/Linux, but perhaps something similar... ? Or must it be a file/folder? I'm actually not curious from a hacking side but rather from the implementation side, but in any case the question is basically the same.

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• Engineers are using explosives to remove hard rock outside our office building. What countermeasures should we take?

  - by Karrax

  Our building is located approx. 100 meters from the explosive charges. They happen several times per day, and really shake the entire building a lot. This is going to go on for many days and the blasts are supposed to get stronger. Our server rooms are nothing fancy; one of them has all the racks on hard concrete while the other one has a raised floor (the one which allows the cables to go beneath it). Does anyone have any tips, countermeasures or best practices for us? Currently we are thinking of the following countermeasures: Daily report of the server rooms status lights (HD lights, power supplies and so on). Nightly check disk scan on the most important servers Order in extra supply of spare harddrives Edit: Many good answers here! However one needs to be accepted. The highest voted answer at the time of this edit will get their answer accepted.

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• fdisk -l shows a partition is not in /dev directory

  - by zitronic

  I am having troubles on mounting my ntfs hard drive on linux. I am running ophcrack live CD. fdisk shows me the hard drive I have installed on my computer fdisk -l Disk /dev/hdc: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3648 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdc1 * 1 3647 29294496 7 HPFS/NTFS but I dont have that device on my /dev directory so I can not mount it ls /dev/hd* /dev/hda /dev/hda4 /dev/hda8 /dev/hdb2 /dev/hdb6 /dev/hdc /dev/hda1 /dev/hda5 /dev/hda9 /dev/hdb3 /dev/hdb7 /dev/hdd /dev/hda2 /dev/hda6 /dev/hdb /dev/hdb4 /dev/hdb8 /dev/hda3 /dev/hda7 /dev/hdb1 /dev/hdb5 /dev/hdb9 What could be going on_

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• Ubuntu 12.04 Netinstall URL? Xen Host

  - by notFound

  Well I have an Xen server, I've got a CentOS container up fine but a friend of mine wants (oh god) Ubuntu Server 12.04, why he can't use Debian is beyond my understanding. But anyways, I can't remember how I installed the CentOS container but I'm giving virt-manager a try now, since I don't have a disk image already the only option is to get a Network Install URL since I'm using PV. So does anyone know what I should type in there, if it was CentOS I could easily type http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.2/os/i386 for example. The furthest I've got in finding a suitable URL is http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/ but that of course wont work. Any ideas?

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• OS X Snow Leopard fails to boot after upgrade to 10.6.1

  - by pixeline

  I'm a fairly recent mac user. Been using windows for decades and happily switched. But i upgraded from 10.6 to 10.6.1 last night and the upgrade looks like it failed. I restarted the machine when it asked to then went to bed. In the morning the computer was still trying to shut itself off. So i forced the shutdown, restarted, but now i'm stuck with the loading spinner. What can i do? UPDATE: Verbose didn't show anything interesting. i also did the hardware test. Nothing comes up wrong. Disk utility did not find any error on the HD. But, it did show a fatal error when checking permissions.

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• Where do I find a color profile for my MacBook Pro display?

  - by Jesse

  I installed Windows 7 on my MacBook Pro, overwriting OSX Lion. The screen has a blue tint due to lack of a calibrated color profile. I once used the "Color LCD" ICC profile from the OSX partition and it worked great, but I've since lost it since I decided to overwrite OSX completely. I tried the manual calibration in Windows 7 but I just can't seem to get it right like it was while using the color profile that was on the OSX partition. All Google tells me is where to find the ICC profile in OSX, and to copy it over. Do I have to reinstall OSX just for the color profile? Even if I do, where does the profile actually come from? Is it on the OSX disk, or is it somehow retrieved from the hardware itself? Is there a way to get it without reinstalling OSX? Thanks!

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