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• Call for Abstracts for the Fall Silverlight Connections Conference

  - by dwahlin

  We are putting out a call for abstracts to present at the Fall 2010 Silverlight Connections conference in Las Vegas, Nov 1-4, 2010. The due date for submissions is April 26, 2010. For submitting sessions, please use this URL: http://www.deeptraining.com/devconnections/abstracts Please keep the abstracts under 200 words each and in one paragraph. No bulleted items and line breaks, and please use a spell-checker. Do not email abstracts, you need to use the web-based tool to submit them. Please submit at least 3 abstracts. It will help your chances of being selected if you submitted 5 or more abstracts. Also, you are encouraged to suggest all-day pre or post conference workshops as well. We need to finalize the conference content and the tracks in just a few short weeks so we need your abstracts by April 26th. No exceptions will be granted on late submissions! Topics of interest include (but are not limited to): Silverlight Data and XML Technologies Customizing Silverlight Applications with Styles and Templates Using Expression Blend 4 Windows Phone 7 Application Development Silverlight Architecture, Patterns and Practices Securing Silverlight Applications Using WCF RIA Services Writing Elevated Trust Applications Anything else related to Silverlight You can use the URL above to submit sessions to Microsoft ASP.NET Connections, Silverlight Connections, Visual Studio Connections, or SQL Server Connections. Please realize that while we want a lot of the new and the cool, it's also okay to propose sessions on the more mundane "real world" stuff as it pertains to Silverlight. What you will get if selected: $500 per regular conference talk. Compensation for full-day workshops ranges from $500 for 1-20 attendees to $2500 for 200+ attendees. Coach airfare and hotel stay paid by the conference. Free admission to all of the co-located conferences Speaker party The adoration of attendees Your continued support of Microsoft Silverlight Connections and the other DevConnections conferences is appreciated. Good luck and thank you. Dan Wahlin and Paul Litwin Silverlight Conference Chairs

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• Visual Studio Talk Show #114 is now online - Le responsable de projet est-il mort? (French)

  - by guybarrette

  http://www.visualstudiotalkshow.com Bernard Fedotoff: Le responsable de projet est-il mort? Nous discutons avec Bernard Fedotoff sur comment jumeler la gestion de projet et les méthodes de développement agile. Entre autres, avec les méthodes agiles on se demande où est la place du responsable de projet. Bernard Fedotoff est Microsoft Regional Director depuis 1996 ; il a animé les Devdays et Techdays en Suisse et en France depuis 1997. Il a été fondateur et PDG de PSEngineering depuis 1990, société qu’il a revendue en 2004. En 2005, il a fondé la société Agilcom. Bernard a mené auprès de clients français, suisses, et d'afrique du nord de nombreuses missions en technologie .Net, d'architecture et de coaching d'équipes de dévoppement. Son passé de Pdg et son expertise technologique apportent aux projets qu'il accompagne deux points de vue riches d'expériences et de convictions. Il a aussi accompagné la mise en place de plateaux offshores vers la Tunisie, en implémentant des approches Agile avec Team Foundation Server. Enfin, il est aussi co-auteur de nombreux ateliers des coachs publiés sur le site MSDN de Microsoft France. Bernard est titulaire d’un diplôme d’ingénieur ainsi que d’un troisième cycle universitaire en robotique. Il consacre ses quelques minutes de temps libre à la montagne Télécharger l'émission Si vous désirez un accès direct au fichier audio en format MP3, nous vous invitons à télécharger le fichier en utilisant un des boutons ci-dessous. Si vous désirez utiliser le feed RSS pour télécharger l'émission, nous vous invitons à vous abonnez en utilisant le bouton ci-dessous. Si vous désirez utiliser le répertoire iTunes Podcast pour télécharger l'émission, nous vous encourageons à vous abonnez en utilisant le bouton ci-dessous. var addthis_pub="guybarrette";

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• Xamarin Designer for Android Article

  - by Wallym

  The latest version of Mono for Android includes a long-awaited design surface. Learn how it works.It's interesting to look at the needs of various segments of developers. When I first start looking at an environment, the first thing I need to understand is the UI. I'm not magically born with some knowledge about the environment and don't learn well by just reading, so I need some help in getting started. I found this was true when I started Windows based development in the early 1990s, Dynamic Web in the late 1990s, ASP.NET in 2000, Silverlight/WPF, iPhone and Android. I find that getting up to speed with a UI is the single biggest deterrent for someone learning a platform. I find that as a beginner I need the features provided by a design surface. It's only as I grow and become comfortable with a platform that I find that building a UI by hand is more productive. Even as I get more advanced, I still can learn from a designer, so it has value as I grow into a platform.I hope that this article helps you as you dive into Android Development.

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• Visual Studio Talk Show #114 is now online - Le responsable de projet est-il mort? (French)

  - by guybarrette

  http://www.visualstudiotalkshow.com Bernard Fedotoff: Le responsable de projet est-il mort? Nous discutons avec Bernard Fedotoff sur comment jumeler la gestion de projet et les méthodes de développement agile. Entre autres, avec les méthodes agiles on se demande où est la place du responsable de projet. Bernard Fedotoff est Microsoft Regional Director depuis 1996 ; il a animé les Devdays et Techdays en Suisse et en France depuis 1997. Il a été fondateur et PDG de PSEngineering depuis 1990, société qu’il a revendue en 2004. En 2005, il a fondé la société Agilcom. Bernard a mené auprès de clients français, suisses, et d'afrique du nord de nombreuses missions en technologie .Net, d'architecture et de coaching d'équipes de dévoppement. Son passé de Pdg et son expertise technologique apportent aux projets qu'il accompagne deux points de vue riches d'expériences et de convictions. Il a aussi accompagné la mise en place de plateaux offshores vers la Tunisie, en implémentant des approches Agile avec Team Foundation Server. Enfin, il est aussi co-auteur de nombreux ateliers des coachs publiés sur le site MSDN de Microsoft France. Bernard est titulaire d’un diplôme d’ingénieur ainsi que d’un troisième cycle universitaire en robotique. Il consacre ses quelques minutes de temps libre à la montagne Télécharger l'émission Si vous désirez un accès direct au fichier audio en format MP3, nous vous invitons à télécharger le fichier en utilisant un des boutons ci-dessous. Si vous désirez utiliser le feed RSS pour télécharger l'émission, nous vous invitons à vous abonnez en utilisant le bouton ci-dessous. Si vous désirez utiliser le répertoire iTunes Podcast pour télécharger l'émission, nous vous encourageons à vous abonnez en utilisant le bouton ci-dessous. var addthis_pub="guybarrette";

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• Understanding C# async / await (2) Awaitable / Awaiter Pattern

  - by Dixin

  What is awaitable Part 1 shows that any Task is awaitable. Actually there are other awaitable types. Here is an example: Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() => 0); int result = await task.ConfigureAwait(false); // Returns a ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>. The returned ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult> struct is awaitable. And it is not Task at all: public struct ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult> { private readonly ConfiguredTaskAwaiter m_configuredTaskAwaiter; internal ConfiguredTaskAwaitable(Task<TResult> task, bool continueOnCapturedContext) { this.m_configuredTaskAwaiter = new ConfiguredTaskAwaiter(task, continueOnCapturedContext); } public ConfiguredTaskAwaiter GetAwaiter() { return this.m_configuredTaskAwaiter; } } It has one GetAwaiter() method. Actually in part 1 we have seen that Task has GetAwaiter() method too: public class Task { public TaskAwaiter GetAwaiter() { return new TaskAwaiter(this); } } public class Task<TResult> : Task { public new TaskAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter() { return new TaskAwaiter<TResult>(this); } } Task.Yield() is a another example: await Task.Yield(); // Returns a YieldAwaitable. The returned YieldAwaitable is not Task either: public struct YieldAwaitable { public YieldAwaiter GetAwaiter() { return default(YieldAwaiter); } } Again, it just has one GetAwaiter() method. In this article, we will look at what is awaitable. The awaitable / awaiter pattern By observing different awaitable / awaiter types, we can tell that an object is awaitable if It has a GetAwaiter() method (instance method or extension method); Its GetAwaiter() method returns an awaiter. An object is an awaiter if: It implements INotifyCompletion or ICriticalNotifyCompletion interface; It has an IsCompleted, which has a getter and returns a Boolean; it has a GetResult() method, which returns void, or a result. This awaitable / awaiter pattern is very similar to the iteratable / iterator pattern. Here is the interface definitions of iteratable / iterator: public interface IEnumerable { IEnumerator GetEnumerator(); } public interface IEnumerator { object Current { get; } bool MoveNext(); void Reset(); } public interface IEnumerable<out T> : IEnumerable { IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator(); } public interface IEnumerator<out T> : IDisposable, IEnumerator { T Current { get; } } In case you are not familiar with the out keyword, please find out the explanation in Understanding C# Covariance And Contravariance (2) Interfaces. The “missing” IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces Similar to IEnumerable and IEnumerator interfaces, awaitable / awaiter can be visualized by IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces too. This is the non-generic version: public interface IAwaitable { IAwaiter GetAwaiter(); } public interface IAwaiter : INotifyCompletion // or ICriticalNotifyCompletion { // INotifyCompletion has one method: void OnCompleted(Action continuation); // ICriticalNotifyCompletion implements INotifyCompletion, // also has this method: void UnsafeOnCompleted(Action continuation); bool IsCompleted { get; } void GetResult(); } Please notice GetResult() returns void here. Task.GetAwaiter() / TaskAwaiter.GetResult() is of such case. And this is the generic version: public interface IAwaitable<out TResult> { IAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter(); } public interface IAwaiter<out TResult> : INotifyCompletion // or ICriticalNotifyCompletion { bool IsCompleted { get; } TResult GetResult(); } Here the only difference is, GetResult() return a result. Task<TResult>.GetAwaiter() / TaskAwaiter<TResult>.GetResult() is of this case. Please notice .NET does not define these IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces at all. As an UI designer, I guess the reason is, IAwaitable interface will constraint GetAwaiter() to be instance method. Actually C# supports both GetAwaiter() instance method and GetAwaiter() extension method. Here I use these interfaces only for better visualizing what is awaitable / awaiter. Now, if looking at above ConfiguredTaskAwaitable / ConfiguredTaskAwaiter, YieldAwaitable / YieldAwaiter, Task / TaskAwaiter pairs again, they all “implicitly” implement these “missing” IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces. In the next part, we will see how to implement awaitable / awaiter. Await any function / action In C# await cannot be used with lambda. This code: int result = await (() => 0); will cause a compiler error: Cannot await 'lambda expression' This is easy to understand because this lambda expression (() => 0) may be a function or a expression tree. Obviously we mean function here, and we can tell compiler in this way: int result = await new Func<int>(() => 0); It causes an different error: Cannot await 'System.Func<int>' OK, now the compiler is complaining the type instead of syntax. With the understanding of the awaitable / awaiter pattern, Func<TResult> type can be easily made into awaitable. GetAwaiter() instance method, using IAwaitable / IAwaiter interfaces First, similar to above ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>, a FuncAwaitable<TResult> can be implemented to wrap Func<TResult>: internal struct FuncAwaitable<TResult> : IAwaitable<TResult> { private readonly Func<TResult> function; public FuncAwaitable(Func<TResult> function) { this.function = function; } public IAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter() { return new FuncAwaiter<TResult>(this.function); } } FuncAwaitable<TResult> wrapper is used to implement IAwaitable<TResult>, so it has one instance method, GetAwaiter(), which returns a IAwaiter<TResult>, which wraps that Func<TResult> too. FuncAwaiter<TResult> is used to implement IAwaiter<TResult>: public struct FuncAwaiter<TResult> : IAwaiter<TResult> { private readonly Task<TResult> task; public FuncAwaiter(Func<TResult> function) { this.task = new Task<TResult>(function); this.task.Start(); } bool IAwaiter<TResult>.IsCompleted { get { return this.task.IsCompleted; } } TResult IAwaiter<TResult>.GetResult() { return this.task.Result; } void INotifyCompletion.OnCompleted(Action continuation) { new Task(continuation).Start(); } } Now a function can be awaited in this way: int result = await new FuncAwaitable<int>(() => 0); GetAwaiter() extension method As IAwaitable shows, all that an awaitable needs is just a GetAwaiter() method. In above code, FuncAwaitable<TResult> is created as a wrapper of Func<TResult> and implements IAwaitable<TResult>, so that there is a  GetAwaiter() instance method. If a GetAwaiter() extension method  can be defined for Func<TResult>, then FuncAwaitable<TResult> is no longer needed: public static class FuncExtensions { public static IAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter<TResult>(this Func<TResult> function) { return new FuncAwaiter<TResult>(function); } } So a Func<TResult> function can be directly awaited: int result = await new Func<int>(() => 0); Using the existing awaitable / awaiter - Task / TaskAwaiter Remember the most frequently used awaitable / awaiter - Task / TaskAwaiter. With Task / TaskAwaiter, FuncAwaitable / FuncAwaiter are no longer needed: public static class FuncExtensions { public static TaskAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter<TResult>(this Func<TResult> function) { Task<TResult> task = new Task<TResult>(function); task.Start(); return task.GetAwaiter(); // Returns a TaskAwaiter<TResult>. } } Similarly, with this extension method: public static class ActionExtensions { public static TaskAwaiter GetAwaiter(this Action action) { Task task = new Task(action); task.Start(); return task.GetAwaiter(); // Returns a TaskAwaiter. } } an action can be awaited as well: await new Action(() => { }); Now any function / action can be awaited: await new Action(() => HelperMethods.IO()); // or: await new Action(HelperMethods.IO); If function / action has parameter(s), closure can be used: int arg0 = 0; int arg1 = 1; int result = await new Action(() => HelperMethods.IO(arg0, arg1)); Using Task.Run() The above code is used to demonstrate how awaitable / awaiter can be implemented. Because it is a common scenario to await a function / action, so .NET provides a built-in API: Task.Run(): public class Task2 { public static Task Run(Action action) { // The implementation is similar to: Task task = new Task(action); task.Start(); return task; } public static Task<TResult> Run<TResult>(Func<TResult> function) { // The implementation is similar to: Task<TResult> task = new Task<TResult>(function); task.Start(); return task; } } In reality, this is how we await a function: int result = await Task.Run(() => HelperMethods.IO(arg0, arg1)); and await a action: await Task.Run(() => HelperMethods.IO());

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• Hex Dump using LINQ (in 7 lines of code)

  - by Fabrice Marguerie

  Eric White has posted an interesting LINQ query on his blog that shows how to create a Hex Dump in something like 7 lines of code.Of course, this is not production grade code, but it's another good example that demonstrates the expressiveness of LINQ.Here is the code:byte[] ba = File.ReadAllBytes("test.xml");int bytesPerLine = 16;string hexDump = ba.Select((c, i) => new { Char = c, Chunk = i / bytesPerLine })    .GroupBy(c => c.Chunk)    .Select(g => g.Select(c => String.Format("{0:X2} ", c.Char))        .Aggregate((s, i) => s + i))    .Select((s, i) => String.Format("{0:d6}: {1}", i * bytesPerLine, s))    .Aggregate("", (s, i) => s + i + Environment.NewLine);Console.WriteLine(hexDump); Here is a sample output:000000: FF FE 3C 00 3F 00 78 00 6D 00 6C 00 20 00 76 00000016: 65 00 72 00 73 00 69 00 6F 00 6E 00 3D 00 22 00000032: 31 00 2E 00 30 00 22 00 20 00 65 00 6E 00 63 00000048: 6F 00 64 00 69 00 6E 00 67 00 3D 00 22 00 75 00000064: 3E 00Eric White reports that he typically notices that declarative code is only 20% as long as imperative code. Cross-posted from http://linqinaction.net

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• A better way to encourage contributions to OSS

  - by Daniel Cazzulino

  Currently in the .NET world, most OSS projects are available via a NuGet package. Users have a very easy path towards *using* the project right away. But let’s say they encounter some isssue (maybe a bug, maybe a potential improvement) with the library. At this point, going from user to contributor (of a fix, or a good bug repro or even a spike for a new feature) is a very steep and non trivial multi-step process of registering with some open source hosting site (codeplex, github, bitbucket, etc.), learning how to grab the latest sources, build the project, formulate a patch (or fork the code), learn the source control software they use (mercurial, git, svn, tfs), install whatever tools are needed for it, read about the contributors workflow for the project (do you fork &amp; send pull requests? do you just send a patch file? do you just send a snippet? a unit test? etc.), and on, and on, and on. Granted, you may be lucky and already know the source control system the project uses, but in really, I’d say the chances are pretty low. I believe most developers *using* OSS are far from familiar with them, much less with contributing back to various projects. We OSS devs like to be on the cutting edge all the time, ya’ know, always jumping on the new SCC system, the new hosting site, the new agile way of managing work items, bug tracking, code reviews, etc. etc. etc.. But most of our OSS users are largely the “... Read full article

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• ZenGallery: a minimalist image gallery for Orchard

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  There are quite a few image gallery modules for Orchard but they were not invented here I wanted something a lot less sophisticated that would be as barebones and minimalist as possible out of the box, to make customization extremely easy. So I made this, in less than two days (during which I got distracted a lot). Nwazet.ZenGallery uses existing Orchard features as much as it can: Galleries are just a content part that can be added to any type The set of photos in a gallery is simply defined by a folder in Media Managing the images in a gallery is done using the standard media management from Orchard Ordering of photos is simply alphabetical order of the filenames (use 1_, 2_, etc. prefixes if you have to) The path to the gallery folder is mapped from the content item using a token-based pattern The pattern can be set per content type You can edit the generated gallery path for each item The default template is just a list of links over images, that get open in a new tab No lightbox script comes with the module, just customize the template to use your favorite script. Light, light, light. Rather than explaining in more details this very simple module, here is a video that shows how I used the module to add photo galleries to a product catalog: Adding a gallery to a product catalog You can find the module on the Orchard Gallery: https://gallery.orchardproject.net/List/Modules/Orchard.Module.Nwazet.ZenGallery/ The source code is available from BitBucket: https://bitbucket.org/bleroy/nwazet.zengallery

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• Visual Studio Talk Show #119 is now online - Quand et dans quel contexte est-ce que adéquat est adéq

  - by guybarrette

  http://www.visualstudiotalkshow.com Joel Quimper: Quand et dans quel contexte est-ce que «adéquat» est «adéquat»? Nous discutons avec Joel Quimper des pratiques de développement et de la mauvaise habitude qui consiste à vouloir tout abstraire et tout généraliser. Un application offre une valeur réelle seulement lorsqu’elle est utilisée par des utilisateurs. Alors ou tracer la limite entre le sur-design, l'extensibilité et la réutilisabilité. Joel Quimper est un conseiller en architecture chez Microsoft Canada. Il travaille essentiellement avec les architectes des grandes entreprises de l'Est du Canada pour aider leur organisation à réaliser leur plein potentiel. Joel possède une vaste expérience dans la conception de solutions orientées service en utilisant les services web. Il est passionné par l'interopérabilité avec la plateforme .NET. Avant de rejoindre Microsoft, il a travaillé 10 ans pour IBM Canada dans plusieurs rôles. Plus récemment, il a travaillé comme architecte d'intégration WebSphere. Il a travaillé avec plusieurs clients dans la mise en œuvre réussie de solutions SOA. var addthis_pub="guybarrette";

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• Creating a Sandboxed Instance

  - by Ricardo Peres

  In .NET 4.0 the policy APIs have changed a bit. Here's how you can create a sandboxed instance of a type, which must inherit from MarshalByRefObject: static T CreateRestrictedType<T>(SecurityZone zone, params Assembly [] fullTrustAssemblies) where T : MarshalByRefObject, new() { return(CreateRestrictedType<T>(zone, fullTrustAssemblies, new IPermission [0]); } static T CreateRestrictedType<T>(SecurityZone zone, params IPermission [] additionalPermissions) where T : MarshalByRefObject, new() { return(CreateRestrictedType<T>(zone, new Assembly [0], additionalPermissions); } static T CreateRestrictedType<T>(SecurityZone zone, Assembly [] fullTrustAssemblies, IPermission [] additionalPermissions) where T : MarshalByRefObject, new() { Evidence evidence = new Evidence(); evidence.AddHostEvidence(new Zone(zone)); PermissionSet evidencePermissionSet = SecurityManager.GetStandardSandbox(evidence); foreach (IPermission permission in additionalPermissions ?? new IPermission[ 0 ]) { evidencePermissionSet.AddPermission(permission); } StrongName [] strongNames = (fullTrustAssemblies ?? new Assembly[0]).Select(a = a.Evidence.GetHostEvidence<StrongName>()).ToArray(); AppDomainSetup adSetup = new AppDomainSetup(); adSetup.ApplicationBase = Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(T).Assembly.Location); AppDomain newDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Sandbox", evidence, adSetup, evidencePermissionSet, strongNames); ObjectHandle handle = Activator.CreateInstanceFrom(newDomain, typeof(T).Assembly.ManifestModule.FullyQualifiedName, typeof(T).FullName); return (handle.Unwrap() as T); } SyntaxHighlighter.config.clipboardSwf = 'http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.0.320/scripts/clipboard.swf'; SyntaxHighlighter.brushes.CSharp.aliases = ['c#', 'c-sharp', 'csharp']; SyntaxHighlighter.all();

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• Tweaking log4net Settings Programmatically

  - by PSteele

  A few months ago, I had to dynamically add a log4net appender at runtime.  Now I find myself in another log4net situation.  I need to modify the configuration of my appenders at runtime. My client requires all files generated by our applications to be saved to a specific location.  This location is determined at runtime.  Therefore, I want my FileAppenders to log their data to this specific location – but I won't know the location until runtime so I can't add it to the XML configuration file I'm using. No problem.  Bing is my new friend and returned a couple of hits.  I made a few tweaks to their LINQ queries and created a generic extension method for ILoggerRepository (just a hunch that I might want this functionality somewhere else in the future – sorry YAGNI fans): public static void ModifyAppenders<T>(this ILoggerRepository repository, Action<T> modify) where T:log4net.Appender.AppenderSkeleton { var appenders = from appender in log4net.LogManager.GetRepository().GetAppenders() where appender is T select appender as T;   foreach (var appender in appenders) { modify(appender); appender.ActivateOptions(); } } Now I can easily add the proper directory prefix to all of my FileAppenders at runtime: log4net.LogManager.GetRepository().ModifyAppenders<FileAppender>(a => { a.File = Path.Combine(settings.ConfigDirectory, Path.GetFileName(a.File)); }); Thanks beefycode and Wil Peck. Technorati Tags: .NET,log4net,LINQ

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• .NET Code Evolution

  - by Alois Kraus

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/akraus1/archive/2013/07/24/153504.aspxAt my day job I do look at a lot of code written by other people. Most of the code is quite good and some is even a masterpiece. And there is also code which makes you think WTF… oh it was written by me. Hm not so bad after all. There are many excuses reasons for bad code. Most often it is time pressure followed by not enough ambition (who cares) or insufficient training. Normally I do care about code quality quite a lot which makes me a (perceived) slow worker who does write many tests and refines the code quite a lot because of the design deficiencies. Most of the deficiencies I do find by putting my design under stress while checking for invariants. It does also help a lot to step into the code with a debugger (sometimes also Windbg). I do this much more often when my tests are red. That way I do get a much better understanding what my code really does and not what I think it should be doing. This time I do want to show you how code can evolve over the years with different .NET Framework versions. Once there was  time where .NET 1.1 was new and many C++ programmers did switch over to get rid of not initialized pointers and memory leaks. There were also nice new data structures available such as the Hashtable which is fast lookup table with O(1) time complexity. All was good and much code was written since then. At 2005 a new version of the .NET Framework did arrive which did bring many new things like generics and new data structures. The “old” fashioned way of Hashtable were coming to an end and everyone used the new Dictionary<xx,xx> type instead which was type safe and faster because the object to type conversion (aka boxing) was no longer necessary. I think 95% of all Hashtables and dictionaries use string as key. Often it is convenient to ignore casing to make it easy to look up values which the user did enter. An often followed route is to convert the string to upper case before putting it into the Hashtable. Hashtable Table = new Hashtable(); void Add(string key, string value) { Table.Add(key.ToUpper(), value); } This is valid and working code but it has problems. First we can pass to the Hashtable a custom IEqualityComparer to do the string matching case insensitive. Second we can switch over to the now also old Dictionary type to become a little faster and we can keep the the original keys (not upper cased) in the dictionary. Dictionary<string, string> DictTable = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); void AddDict(string key, string value) { DictTable.Add(key, value); } Many people do not user the other ctors of Dictionary because they do shy away from the overhead of writing their own comparer. They do not know that .NET has for strings already predefined comparers at hand which you can directly use. Today in the many core area we do use threads all over the place. Sometimes things break in subtle ways but most of the time it is sufficient to place a lock around the offender. Threading has become so mainstream that it may sound weird that in the year 2000 some guy got a huge incentive for the idea to reduce the time to process calibration data from 12 hours to 6 hours by using two threads on a dual core machine. Threading does make it easy to become faster at the expense of correctness. Correct and scalable multithreading can be arbitrarily hard to achieve depending on the problem you are trying to solve. Lets suppose we want to process millions of items with two threads and count the processed items processed by all threads. A typical beginners code might look like this: int Counter; void IJustLearnedToUseThreads() { var t1 = new Thread(ThreadWorkMethod); t1.Start(); var t2 = new Thread(ThreadWorkMethod); t2.Start(); t1.Join(); t2.Join(); if (Counter != 2 * Increments) throw new Exception("Hmm " + Counter + " != " + 2 * Increments); } const int Increments = 10 * 1000 * 1000; void ThreadWorkMethod() { for (int i = 0; i < Increments; i++) { Counter++; } } It does throw an exception with the message e.g. “Hmm 10.222.287 != 20.000.000” and does never finish. The code does fail because the assumption that Counter++ is an atomic operation is wrong. The ++ operator is just a shortcut for Counter = Counter + 1 This does involve reading the counter from a memory location into the CPU, incrementing value on the CPU and writing the new value back to the memory location. When we do look at the generated assembly code we will see only inc dword ptr [ecx+10h] which is only one instruction. Yes it is one instruction but it is not atomic. All modern CPUs have several layers of caches (L1,L2,L3) which try to hide the fact how slow actual main memory accesses are. Since cache is just another word for redundant copy it can happen that one CPU does read a value from main memory into the cache, modifies it and write it back to the main memory. The problem is that at least the L1 cache is not shared between CPUs so it can happen that one CPU does make changes to values which did change in meantime in the main memory. From the exception you can see we did increment the value 20 million times but half of the changes were lost because we did overwrite the already changed value from the other thread. This is a very common case and people do learn to protect their  data with proper locking.   void Intermediate() { var time = Stopwatch.StartNew(); Action acc = ThreadWorkMethod_Intermediate; var ar1 = acc.BeginInvoke(null, null); var ar2 = acc.BeginInvoke(null, null); ar1.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(); ar2.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(); if (Counter != 2 * Increments) throw new Exception(String.Format("Hmm {0:N0} != {1:N0}", Counter, 2 * Increments)); Console.WriteLine("Intermediate did take: {0:F1}s", time.Elapsed.TotalSeconds); } void ThreadWorkMethod_Intermediate() { for (int i = 0; i < Increments; i++) { lock (this) { Counter++; } } } This is better and does use the .NET Threadpool to get rid of manual thread management. It does give the expected result but it can result in deadlocks because you do lock on this. This is in general a bad idea since it can lead to deadlocks when other threads use your class instance as lock object. It is therefore recommended to create a private object as lock object to ensure that nobody else can lock your lock object. When you read more about threading you will read about lock free algorithms. They are nice and can improve performance quite a lot but you need to pay close attention to the CLR memory model. It does make quite weak guarantees in general but it can still work because your CPU architecture does give you more invariants than the CLR memory model. For a simple counter there is an easy lock free alternative present with the Interlocked class in .NET. As a general rule you should not try to write lock free algos since most likely you will fail to get it right on all CPU architectures. void Experienced() { var time = Stopwatch.StartNew(); Task t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(ThreadWorkMethod_Experienced); Task t2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(ThreadWorkMethod_Experienced); t1.Wait(); t2.Wait(); if (Counter != 2 * Increments) throw new Exception(String.Format("Hmm {0:N0} != {1:N0}", Counter, 2 * Increments)); Console.WriteLine("Experienced did take: {0:F1}s", time.Elapsed.TotalSeconds); } void ThreadWorkMethod_Experienced() { for (int i = 0; i < Increments; i++) { Interlocked.Increment(ref Counter); } } Since time does move forward we do not use threads explicitly anymore but the much nicer Task abstraction which was introduced with .NET 4 at 2010. It is educational to look at the generated assembly code. The Interlocked.Increment method must be called which does wondrous things right? Lets see: lock inc dword ptr [eax] The first thing to note that there is no method call at all. Why? Because the JIT compiler does know very well about CPU intrinsic functions. Atomic operations which do lock the memory bus to prevent other processors to read stale values are such things. Second: This is the same increment call prefixed with a lock instruction. The only reason for the existence of the Interlocked class is that the JIT compiler can compile it to the matching CPU intrinsic functions which can not only increment by one but can also do an add, exchange and a combined compare and exchange operation. But be warned that the correct usage of its methods can be tricky. If you try to be clever and look a the generated IL code and try to reason about its efficiency you will fail. Only the generated machine code counts. Is this the best code we can write? Perhaps. It is nice and clean. But can we make it any faster? Lets see how good we are doing currently. Level Time in s IJustLearnedToUseThreads Flawed Code Intermediate 1,5 (lock) Experienced 0,3 (Interlocked.Increment) Master 0,1 (1,0 for int[2]) That lock free thing is really a nice thing. But if you read more about CPU cache, cache coherency, false sharing you can do even better. int[] Counters = new int[12]; // Cache line size is 64 bytes on my machine with an 8 way associative cache try for yourself e.g. 64 on more modern CPUs void Master() { var time = Stopwatch.StartNew(); Task t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(ThreadWorkMethod_Master, 0); Task t2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(ThreadWorkMethod_Master, Counters.Length - 1); t1.Wait(); t2.Wait(); Counter = Counters[0] + Counters[Counters.Length - 1]; if (Counter != 2 * Increments) throw new Exception(String.Format("Hmm {0:N0} != {1:N0}", Counter, 2 * Increments)); Console.WriteLine("Master did take: {0:F1}s", time.Elapsed.TotalSeconds); } void ThreadWorkMethod_Master(object number) { int index = (int) number; for (int i = 0; i < Increments; i++) { Counters[index]++; } } The key insight here is to use for each core its own value. But if you simply use simply an integer array of two items, one for each core and add the items at the end you will be much slower than the lock free version (factor 3). Each CPU core has its own cache line size which is something in the range of 16-256 bytes. When you do access a value from one location the CPU does not only fetch one value from main memory but a complete cache line (e.g. 16 bytes). This means that you do not pay for the next 15 bytes when you access them. This can lead to dramatic performance improvements and non obvious code which is faster although it does have many more memory reads than another algorithm. So what have we done here? We have started with correct code but it was lacking knowledge how to use the .NET Base Class Libraries optimally. Then we did try to get fancy and used threads for the first time and failed. Our next try was better but it still had non obvious issues (lock object exposed to the outside). Knowledge has increased further and we have found a lock free version of our counter which is a nice and clean way which is a perfectly valid solution. The last example is only here to show you how you can get most out of threading by paying close attention to your used data structures and CPU cache coherency. Although we are working in a virtual execution environment in a high level language with automatic memory management it does pay off to know the details down to the assembly level. Only if you continue to learn and to dig deeper you can come up with solutions no one else was even considering. I have studied particle physics which does help at the digging deeper part. Have you ever tried to solve Quantum Chromodynamics equations? Compared to that the rest must be easy ;-). Although I am no longer working in the Science field I take pride in discovering non obvious things. This can be a very hard to find bug or a new way to restructure data to make something 10 times faster. Now I need to get some sleep ….

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• Effortlessly resize images in Orchard 1.7

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  I’ve written several times about image resizing in .NET, but never in the context of Orchard. With the imminent release of Orchard 1.7, it’s time to correct this. The new version comes with an extensible media pipeline that enables you to define complex image processing workflows that can automatically resize, change formats or apply watermarks. This is not the subject of this post however. What I want to show here is one of the underlying APIs that enable that feature, and that comes in the form of a new shape. Once you have enabled the media processing feature, a new ResizeMediaUrl shape becomes available from your views. All you have to do is feed it a virtual path and size (and, if you need to override defaults, a few other optional parameters), and it will do all the work for you of creating a unique URL for the resized image, and write that image to disk the first time the shape is rendered: <img src="@Display.ResizeMediaUrl(Path: img, Width: 59)"/> Notice how I only specified a maximum width. The height could of course be specified, but in this case will be automatically determined so that the aspect ratio is preserved. The second time the shape is rendered, the shape will notice that the resized file already exists on disk, and it will serve that directly, so caching is handled automatically and the image can be served almost as fast as the original static one, because it is also a static image. Only the URL generation and checking for the file existence takes time. Here is what the generated thumbnails look like on disk: In the case of those product images, the product page will download 12kB worth of images instead of 1.87MB. The full size images will only be downloaded as needed, if the user clicks on one of the thumbnails to get the full-scale. This is an extremely useful tool to use in your themes to easily render images of the exact right size and thus limit your bandwidth consumption. Mobile users will thank you for that.

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• Request format is unrecognized for URL unexpectedly ending exception in web service.

  - by Jalpesh P. Vadgama

  Recently I was getting error when I am calling web service using Java script. I searching on net and debugging I have found following things. Any web service support three kinds of protocol HttpGet,HttpPost and SOAP. In framework 1.0 it was enabled by default but after 1.0 framework it will not be enabled by default due to security issues and WS-Specifications. So we have to enabled them via putting configuration settings in web.config. Here is the code for that. <configuration> <system.web> <webservices> <protocols> <add name="HttpGet"></add> <add name="HttpPost"></add> </protocols> </webservices> </system.web> </configuration> Hope this will help you. Stay tuned for more. Till that Happy programming!!!. Technorati Tags: WebService,Request,Javascript,Ajax

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• Bundling in visual studio 2012 for web optimization

  - by Jalpesh P. Vadgama

  I have been writing a series of posts about Visual Studio 2012 features. This series describes what are the new features in the Visual Studio 2012. This post will also be part of Visual Studio 2012 feature series. As we know now days web applications or site are providing more and more features and due to that we have include lots of JavaScript and CSS files in our web application.So once we load site then we will have all the JavaScript  js files and CSS files loaded in the browsers and If you have lots of JavaScript files then its consumes lots of time when browser request them. Following images show the same situation over there.   Here you can see total 25 files loaded into the system and it's almost more than 1MB of total size. As we need to have our web application of site very responsive and need to have high performance application/site, this will be a performance bottleneck to our site. In situation like this, the bundling feature of Visual Studio 2012 and ASP.NET 4.5 comes very handy. With the help of this feature we do optimization there and we can increase performance of our application. To enable this feature in Visual Studio 2012 we just made debug=”false” in web.config of our application like following. Now once you enable this feature and run this application in the browser to see your traffic it will have less items like following. As you can see in the above image there are only 8 items. So after enabling bundling it will automatically convert all js and css files into the one request. Isn’t that cool feature? This feature will surely going to have great impact on performance. Hope you like it. Stay tuned for more.. Till then happy programming!!

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• Changing the Default Install Location of an MSI

  - by PSteele

  A few months ago, I had to tweak an MSI installer.  It was installing into a specific directory (named the same as the application) underneath Program Files.  Since the location of Program Files can change from machine to machine, the MSI has a special token you can use for Program Files (as well as for the application name).  So the current value for “DefaultLocation” of the Application Folder was: [ProgramFilesFolder]\[ProductName] During installation, these tokens would be replaced by the actual location based on the current machine. I needed to change this to a specific folder underneath the users My Documents directory.  I poked around the help file and I could not find where these special tokens (like “[ProgramFilesFolder]”) were defined.  Obviously, there must be some specific set of values that are available and I’m sure My Documents is one of them. I finally found them documented so I’m posting the link here.  Hopefully, it will help someone else out.  Not sure where I found this link… System Folder Properties For me, it was as easy as changing the DefaultLocation to: [PersonalFolder]\MyToolName\Application Technorati Tags: .NET,MSI

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• How do I prevent IIS 8 from stopping idle ASP.NET applications?

  - by Lambo Jayapalan

  I have an asp.net application running on Windows 2012 in IIS 8 that has a very time consuming application start process (essentially the code running in the Application_Start() event can take up to 2 minutes). Thus I'd like to minimize the number of times the application is started so that the user can avoid a long wait. I've enabled Preload in the application settings, and I've set the Start Mode to AlwaysRunning in the application pool. Yet the application still ends after not being used for a while, resulting in a very long time for the first visit to the website after the application shuts down. Does anyone have any ideas on how I can prevent this? Thanks

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• Best PerfCounters for monitoring system health of IIS, WCF, WWF and .Net for a Workflow based soluti

  - by Gineer

  We have a solution built in .Net that will be installed into a client environment. The solution will span multiple servers and be running on multiple tiers. The client makes us of MOM (Microsoft operations Manager) to monitor the system. What are the best counters to use for monitoring the overall health of the system? Are there any built in counters that we could add into a MOM Pack (as an Alert) to test a given scenario? Any thoughts suggestions would be much apreciated. Thanks

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• What can stop IIS7 from restarting an ASP.NET app when uppdating a dll in the bin folder?

  - by Carl Björknäs

  We're running ASP.NET 2.0 on MS Server 2008 and IIS 7. During the last releases the app pool hasn't automatically been restarted after changes in the bin folder. It works like a charm on our test server but not on the live server. The site is browsable but runs with the logic of the old version of the updated dll. One of the changes we have done lately is that one of the dll:s in the bin folder consists of other dlls that have been merged with ILMerge. Interop.ADODB.dll and Interop.CDO.dll is included in the merged dll. It is the user dll of the merged dll that is updated. What can possibly hinder IIS from restarting the app pool although a file has changed in the bin folder?

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• What are some good asp.net shared hosting pre-sales questions?

  - by P a u l

  I'm not asking for any host recommendations, those are covered in other questions. What are some good pre sales questions for asp.net shared hosting? They never seem to answer all the questions in their feature lists. So far I have a few: dedicated application pool? sql server management studio supported? Is tunneling required? can I reset my application pool in the control panel? are php and perl fully supported as well? are subdomains supported, and will I need a routing script in the root or are they routed automatically? etc. Developers have a critical need for good hosting to stage applications. I think this is absolutely developer related and don't want the question on serverfault.

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• Why do I need to add my application pool identity to the IIS_IUSRS group?

  - by smcolligan

  I'm setting up a .NET v4.0 web application on a Windows 2008 R2/IIS 7.5 server that uses a domain account for the application pool identity. When I access the site, I get the following error: The current identity () does not have write access to 'C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files' According to this: http://learn.iis.net/page.aspx/140/understanding-built-in-user-and-group-accounts-in-iis/ the identity of the worker process is added to the IIS_IUSRS group when the process starts. This seems to work fine for the existing .NET v2.0 applications I have running on the same server (I have not had to add their domain account application pool identities to IIS_IUSRS group). This does not seem to be the case for the first .NET v4.0 web application I'm setting up. Once I add the identity to the group, everything works fine. I suspect something is not configured correctly that is forcing me to do this. I would like to understand this before rolling out more sites/servers. Thanks in advance for your help...

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• Does the .NET Framework need to be reoptimized after upgrading to a new CPU microarchitecture?

  - by Louis

  I believe that the .NET Framework will optimize certain binaries targeting features specific to the machine it's installed on. After changing the CPU from an Intel Nehalem to a Haswell chip, should the optimization be run again manually? If so, what is the process for that? Between generations here are some notable additions: Westmere: AES instruction set Sandy Bridge: Advanced Vector Extensions Ivy Bridge: RdRand (hardware random number generator), F16C (16-bit Floating-point conversion instructions) Haswell: Haswell New Instructions (includes Advanced Vector Extensions 2 (AVX2), gather, BMI1, BMI2, ABM and FMA3 support) So my, albeit naive, thought process was that the optimizations could take advantage of these in general cases. For example, perhaps calls to the Random library could utilize the hardware-RNG on Ivy Bridge and later models.

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• How do I implement a remote system management app in .NET 3.5?

  - by leComte

  I need, within the next few days, to create a system management DLL to format a specified drive, and a test app (managed code)to call the DLL. This need to be implemented in .NET 3.5 / VS 2008. I am an absolute beginner and have been trying to get my head around COM and WMI, but both seem to have been superceded, and I need really basic, step-by-step guidance (i.e. "Click 'File New ... etc.) Any pointers to suitable search terms, tutorials, etc., would be greatly appreciated.

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• jQuery Globalization Plugin from Microsoft

  - by ScottGu

  Last month I blogged about how Microsoft is starting to make code contributions to jQuery, and about some of the first code contributions we were working on: jQuery Templates and Data Linking support. Today, we released a prototype of a new jQuery Globalization Plugin that enables you to add globalization support to your JavaScript applications. This plugin includes globalization information for over 350 cultures ranging from Scottish Gaelic, Frisian, Hungarian, Japanese, to Canadian English.  We will be releasing this plugin to the community as open-source. You can download our prototype for the jQuery Globalization plugin from our Github repository: http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob You can also download a set of samples that demonstrate some simple use-cases with it here. Understanding Globalization The jQuery Globalization plugin enables you to easily parse and format numbers, currencies, and dates for different cultures in JavaScript. For example, you can use the Globalization plugin to display the proper currency symbol for a culture: You also can use the Globalization plugin to format dates so that the day and month appear in the right order and the day and month names are correctly translated: Notice above how the Arabic year is displayed as 1431. This is because the year has been converted to use the Arabic calendar. Some cultural differences, such as different currency or different month names, are obvious. Other cultural differences are surprising and subtle. For example, in some cultures, the grouping of numbers is done unevenly. In the "te-IN" culture (Telugu in India), groups have 3 digits and then 2 digits. The number 1000000 (one million) is written as "10,00,000". Some cultures do not group numbers at all. All of these subtle cultural differences are handled by the jQuery Globalization plugin automatically. Getting dates right can be especially tricky. Different cultures have different calendars such as the Gregorian and UmAlQura calendars. A single culture can even have multiple calendars. For example, the Japanese culture uses both the Gregorian calendar and a Japanese calendar that has eras named after Japanese emperors. The Globalization Plugin includes methods for converting dates between all of these different calendars. Using Language Tags The jQuery Globalization plugin uses the language tags defined in the RFC 4646 and RFC 5646 standards to identity cultures (see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5646). A language tag is composed out of one or more subtags separated by hyphens. For example: Language Tag Language Name (in English) en-AU English (Australia) en-BZ English (Belize) en-CA English (Canada) Id Indonesian zh-CHS Chinese (Simplified) Legacy Zu isiZulu Notice that a single language, such as English, can have several language tags. Speakers of English in Canada format numbers, currencies, and dates using different conventions than speakers of English in Australia or the United States. You can find the language tag for a particular culture by using the Language Subtag Lookup tool located here:  http://rishida.net/utils/subtags/ The jQuery Globalization plugin download includes a folder named globinfo that contains the information for each of the 350 cultures. Actually, this folder contains more than 700 files because the folder includes both minified and un-minified versions of each file. For example, the globinfo folder includes JavaScript files named jQuery.glob.en-AU.js for English Australia, jQuery.glob.id.js for Indonesia, and jQuery.glob.zh-CHS for Chinese (Simplified) Legacy. Example: Setting a Particular Culture Imagine that you have been asked to create a German website and want to format all of the dates, currencies, and numbers using German formatting conventions correctly in JavaScript on the client. The HTML for the page might look like this: Notice the span tags above. They mark the areas of the page that we want to format with the Globalization plugin. We want to format the product price, the date the product is available, and the units of the product in stock. To use the jQuery Globalization plugin, we’ll add three JavaScript files to the page: the jQuery library, the jQuery Globalization plugin, and the culture information for a particular language: In this case, I’ve statically added the jQuery.glob.de-DE.js JavaScript file that contains the culture information for German. The language tag “de-DE” is used for German as spoken in Germany. Now that I have all of the necessary scripts, I can use the Globalization plugin to format the product price, date available, and units in stock values using the following client-side JavaScript: The jQuery Globalization plugin extends the jQuery library with new methods - including new methods named preferCulture() and format(). The preferCulture() method enables you to set the default culture used by the jQuery Globalization plugin methods. Notice that the preferCulture() method accepts a language tag. The method will find the closest culture that matches the language tag. The $.format() method is used to actually format the currencies, dates, and numbers. The second parameter passed to the $.format() method is a format specifier. For example, passing “c” causes the value to be formatted as a currency. The ReadMe file at github details the meaning of all of the various format specifiers: http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob When we open the page in a browser, everything is formatted correctly according to German language conventions. A euro symbol is used for the currency symbol. The date is formatted using German day and month names. Finally, a period instead of a comma is used a number separator: You can see a running example of the above approach with the 3_GermanSite.htm file in this samples download. Example: Enabling a User to Dynamically Select a Culture In the previous example we explicitly said that we wanted to globalize in German (by referencing the jQuery.glob.de-DE.js file). Let’s now look at the first of a few examples that demonstrate how to dynamically set the globalization culture to use. Imagine that you want to display a dropdown list of all of the 350 cultures in a page. When someone selects a culture from the dropdown list, you want all of the dates in the page to be formatted using the selected culture. Here’s the HTML for the page: Notice that all of the dates are contained in a <span> tag with a data-date attribute (data-* attributes are a new feature of HTML 5 that conveniently also still work with older browsers). We’ll format the date represented by the data-date attribute when a user selects a culture from the dropdown list. In order to display dates for any possible culture, we’ll include the jQuery.glob.all.js file like this: The jQuery Globalization plugin includes a JavaScript file named jQuery.glob.all.js. This file contains globalization information for all of the more than 350 cultures supported by the Globalization plugin.  At 367KB minified, this file is not small. Because of the size of this file, unless you really need to use all of these cultures at the same time, we recommend that you add the individual JavaScript files for particular cultures that you intend to support instead of the combined jQuery.glob.all.js to a page. In the next sample I’ll show how to dynamically load just the language files you need. Next, we’ll populate the dropdown list with all of the available cultures. We can use the $.cultures property to get all of the loaded cultures: Finally, we’ll write jQuery code that grabs every span element with a data-date attribute and format the date: The jQuery Globalization plugin’s parseDate() method is used to convert a string representation of a date into a JavaScript date. The plugin’s format() method is used to format the date. The “D” format specifier causes the date to be formatted using the long date format. And now the content will be globalized correctly regardless of which of the 350 languages a user visiting the page selects.  You can see a running example of the above approach with the 4_SelectCulture.htm file in this samples download. Example: Loading Globalization Files Dynamically As mentioned in the previous section, you should avoid adding the jQuery.glob.all.js file to a page whenever possible because the file is so large. A better alternative is to load the globalization information that you need dynamically. For example, imagine that you have created a dropdown list that displays a list of languages: The following jQuery code executes whenever a user selects a new language from the dropdown list. The code checks whether the globalization file associated with the selected language has already been loaded. If the globalization file has not been loaded then the globalization file is loaded dynamically by taking advantage of the jQuery $.getScript() method. The globalizePage() method is called after the requested globalization file has been loaded, and contains the client-side code to perform the globalization. The advantage of this approach is that it enables you to avoid loading the entire jQuery.glob.all.js file. Instead you only need to load the files that you need and you don’t need to load the files more than once. The 5_Dynamic.htm file in this samples download demonstrates how to implement this approach. Example: Setting the User Preferred Language Automatically Many websites detect a user’s preferred language from their browser settings and automatically use it when globalizing content. A user can set a preferred language for their browser. Then, whenever the user requests a page, this language preference is included in the request in the Accept-Language header. When using Microsoft Internet Explorer, you can set your preferred language by following these steps: Select the menu option Tools, Internet Options. Select the General tab. Click the Languages button in the Appearance section. Click the Add button to add a new language to the list of languages. Move your preferred language to the top of the list. Notice that you can list multiple languages in the Language Preference dialog. All of these languages are sent in the order that you listed them in the Accept-Language header: Accept-Language: fr-FR,id-ID;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.3 Strangely, you cannot retrieve the value of the Accept-Language header from client JavaScript. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox support a bevy of language related properties exposed by the window.navigator object, such as windows.navigator.browserLanguage and window.navigator.language, but these properties represent either the language set for the operating system or the language edition of the browser. These properties don’t enable you to retrieve the language that the user set as his or her preferred language. The only reliable way to get a user’s preferred language (the value of the Accept-Language header) is to write server code. For example, the following ASP.NET page takes advantage of the server Request.UserLanguages property to assign the user’s preferred language to a client JavaScript variable named acceptLanguage (which then allows you to access the value using client-side JavaScript): In order for this code to work, the culture information associated with the value of acceptLanguage must be included in the page. For example, if someone’s preferred culture is fr-FR (French in France) then you need to include either the jQuery.glob.fr-FR.js or the jQuery.glob.all.js JavaScript file in the page or the culture information won’t be available.  The “6_AcceptLanguages.aspx” sample in this samples download demonstrates how to implement this approach. If the culture information for the user’s preferred language is not included in the page then the $.preferCulture() method will fall back to using the neutral culture (for example, using jQuery.glob.fr.js instead of jQuery.glob.fr-FR.js). If the neutral culture information is not available then the $.preferCulture() method falls back to the default culture (English). Example: Using the Globalization Plugin with the jQuery UI DatePicker One of the goals of the Globalization plugin is to make it easier to build jQuery widgets that can be used with different cultures. We wanted to make sure that the jQuery Globalization plugin could work with existing jQuery UI plugins such as the DatePicker plugin. To that end, we created a patched version of the DatePicker plugin that can take advantage of the Globalization plugin when rendering a calendar. For example, the following figure illustrates what happens when you add the jQuery Globalization and the patched jQuery UI DatePicker plugin to a page and select Indonesian as the preferred culture: Notice that the headers for the days of the week are displayed using Indonesian day name abbreviations. Furthermore, the month names are displayed in Indonesian. You can download the patched version of the jQuery UI DatePicker from our github website. Or you can use the version included in this samples download and used by the 7_DatePicker.htm sample file. Summary I’m excited about our continuing participation in the jQuery community. This Globalization plugin is the third jQuery plugin that we’ve released. We’ve really appreciated all of the great feedback and design suggestions on the jQuery templating and data-linking prototypes that we released earlier this year.  We also want to thank the jQuery and jQuery UI teams for working with us to create these plugins. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. You can follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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• Plugin jQuery da Microsoft para Globalização

  - by Leniel Macaferi

  No mês passado eu escrevi sobre como a Microsoft está começando a fazer contribuições de código para a jQuery (em Inglês), e sobre algumas das primeiras contribuições de código nas quais estávamos trabalhando: Suporte para Templates jQuery e Linkagem de Dados (em Inglês). Hoje, lançamos um protótipo de um novo plugin jQuery para Globalização que te permite adicionar suporte à globalização/internacionalização para as suas aplicações JavaScript. Este plugin inclui informações de globalização para mais de 350 culturas que vão desde o Gaélico Escocês, o Frísio, Húngaro, Japonês, e Inglês Canadense. Nós estaremos lançando este plugin para a comunidade em um formato de código livre. Você pode baixar nosso protótipo do plugin jQuery para Globalização a partir do nosso repositório Github: http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob Você também pode baixar um conjunto de exemplos que demonstram alguns simples casos de uso com ele aqui. Entendendo Globalização O plugin jQuery para Globalização permite que você facilmente analise e formate números, moedas e datas para diferentes culturas em JavaScript. Por exemplo, você pode usar o plugin de globalização para mostrar o símbolo da moeda adequado para uma cultura: Você também pode usar o plugin de globalização para formatar datas para que o dia e o mês apareçam na ordem certa e para que os nomes dos dias e meses sejam corretamente traduzidos: Observe acima como o ano Árabe é exibido como 1431. Isso ocorre porque o ano foi convertido para usar o calendário Árabe. Algumas diferenças culturais, tais como moeda diferente ou nomes de meses, são óbvias. Outras diferenças culturais são surpreendentes e sutis. Por exemplo, em algumas culturas, o agrupamento de números é feito de forma irregular. Na cultura "te-IN" (Telugu na Índia), grupos possuem 3 dígitos e, em seguida, dois dígitos. O número 1000000 (um milhão) é escrito como "10,00,000". Algumas culturas não agrupam os números. Todas essas sutis diferenças culturais são tratadas pelo plugin de Globalização da jQuery automaticamente. Pegar as datas corretamente pode ser especialmente complicado. Diferentes culturas têm calendários diferentes, como o Gregoriano e os calendários UmAlQura. Uma única cultura pode até mesmo ter vários calendários. Por exemplo, a cultura Japonesa usa o calendário Gregoriano e um calendário Japonês que possui eras com nomes de imperadores Japoneses. O plugin de Globalização inclui métodos para a conversão de datas entre todos estes diferentes calendários. Usando Tags de Idioma O plugin de Globalização da jQuery utiliza as tags de idioma definidas nos padrões das RFCs 4646 e 5646 para identificar culturas (veja http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5646). Uma tag de idioma é composta por uma ou mais subtags separadas por hífens. Por exemplo: Tag do Idioma Nome do Idioma (em Inglês) en-UA English (Australia) en-BZ English (Belize) en-CA English (Canada) Id Indonesian zh-CHS Chinese (Simplified) Legacy Zu isiZulu Observe que um único idioma, como o Inglês, pode ter várias tags de idioma. Falantes de Inglês no Canadá formatam números, moedas e datas usando diferentes convenções daquelas usadas pelos falantes de Inglês na Austrália ou nos Estados Unidos. Você pode encontrar a tag de idioma para uma cultura específica usando a Language Subtag Lookup Tool (Ferramenta de Pesquisa de Subtags de Idiomas) em: http://rishida.net/utils/subtags/ O download do plugin de Globalização da jQuery inclui uma pasta chamada globinfo que contém as informações de cada uma das 350 culturas. Na verdade, esta pasta contém mais de 700 arquivos, porque a pasta inclui ambas as versões minified (tamanho reduzido) e não-minified de cada arquivo. Por exemplo, a pasta globinfo inclui arquivos JavaScript chamados jQuery.glob.en-AU.js para o Inglês da Austrália, jQuery.glob.id.js para o Indonésio, e jQuery.glob.zh-CHS para o Chinês (simplificado) Legacy. Exemplo: Definindo uma Cultura Específica Imagine que te pediram para criar um site em Alemão e que querem formatar todas as datas, moedas e números usando convenções de formatação da cultura Alemã de maneira correta em JavaScript no lado do cliente. O código HTML para a página pode ser igual a este: Observe as tags span acima. Elas marcam as áreas da página que desejamos formatar com o plugin de Globalização. Queremos formatar o preço do produto, a data em que o produto está disponível, e as unidades do produto em estoque. Para usar o plugin de Globalização da jQuery, vamos adicionar três arquivos JavaScript na página: a biblioteca jQuery, o plugin de Globalização da jQuery, e as informações de cultura para um determinado idioma: Neste caso, eu estaticamente acrescentei o arquivo JavaScript jQuery.glob.de-DE.js que contém as informações para a cultura Alemã. A tag de idioma "de-DE" é usada para o Alemão falado na Alemanha. Agora que eu tenho todos os scripts necessários, eu posso usar o plugin de Globalização para formatar os valores do preço do produto, data disponível, e unidades no estoque usando o seguinte JavaScript no lado do cliente: O plugin de Globalização jQuery amplia a biblioteca jQuery com novos métodos - incluindo novos métodos chamados preferCulture() e format(). O método preferCulture() permite que você defina a cultura padrão utilizada pelos métodos do plugin de Globalização da jQuery. Observe que o método preferCulture() aceita uma tag de idioma. O método irá buscar a cultura mais próxima que corresponda à tag do idioma. O método $.format() é usado para formatar os valores monetários, datas e números. O segundo parâmetro passado para o método $.format() é um especificador de formato. Por exemplo, passar um "c" faz com que o valor seja formatado como moeda. O arquivo LeiaMe (ReadMe) no github detalha o significado de todos os diferentes especificadores de formato: http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob Quando abrimos a página em um navegador, tudo está formatado corretamente de acordo com as convenções da língua Alemã. Um símbolo do euro é usado para o símbolo de moeda. A data é formatada usando nomes de dia e mês em Alemão. Finalmente, um ponto, em vez de uma vírgula é usado como separador numérico: Você pode ver um exemplo em execução da abordagem acima com o arquivo 3_GermanSite.htm neste download de amostras. Exemplo: Permitindo que um Usuário Selecione Dinamicamente uma Cultura No exemplo anterior, nós explicitamente dissemos que queríamos globalizar em Alemão (referenciando o arquivo jQuery.glob.de-DE.js). Vamos agora olhar para o primeiro de alguns exemplos que demonstram como definir dinamicamente a cultura da globalização a ser usada. Imagine que você deseja exibir uma lista suspensa (dropdown) de todas as 350 culturas em uma página. Quando alguém escolhe uma cultura a partir da lista suspensa, você quer que todas as datas da página sejam formatadas usando a cultura selecionada. Aqui está o código HTML para a página: Observe que todas as datas estão contidas em uma tag <span> com um atributo data-date (atributos data-* são um novo recurso da HTML 5, que convenientemente também ainda funcionam com navegadores mais antigos). Nós vamos formatar a data representada pelo atributo data-date quando um usuário selecionar uma cultura a partir da lista suspensa. A fim de mostrar as datas para qualquer cultura disponível, vamos incluir o arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js igual a seguir: O plugin de Globalização da jQuery inclui um arquivo JavaScript chamado jQuery.glob.all.js. Este arquivo contém informações de globalização para todas as mais de 350 culturas suportadas pelo plugin de Globalização. Em um tamanho de 367 KB minified (reduzido), esse arquivo não é pequeno. Devido ao tamanho deste arquivo, a menos que você realmente precise usar todas essas culturas, ao mesmo tempo, recomendamos que você adicione em uma página somente os arquivos JavaScript individuais para as culturas específicas que você pretende suportar, ao invés do arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js combinado. No próximo exemplo, eu vou mostrar como carregar dinamicamente apenas os arquivos de idioma que você precisa. A seguir, vamos preencher a lista suspensa com todas as culturas disponíveis. Podemos usar a propriedade $.cultures para obter todas as culturas carregadas: Finalmente, vamos escrever o código jQuery que pega cada elemento span com um atributo data-date e formataremos a data: O método parseDate() do plugin de Globalização da jQuery é usado para converter uma representação de uma data em string para uma data JavaScript. O método format() do plugin é usado para formatar a data. O especificador de formato "D" faz com que a data a ser formatada use o formato de data longa. E agora, o conteúdo será globalizado corretamente, independentemente de qual das 350 línguas o usuário que visita a página selecione. Você pode ver um exemplo em execução da abordagem acima com o arquivo 4_SelectCulture.htm neste download de amostras. Exemplo: Carregando Arquivos de Globalização Dinamicamente Conforme mencionado na seção anterior, você deve evitar adicionar o arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js em uma página, sempre que possível, porque o arquivo é muito grande. Uma melhor alternativa é carregar as informações de globalização que você precisa dinamicamente. Por exemplo, imagine que você tenha criado uma lista suspensa que exibe uma lista de idiomas: O seguinte código jQuery é executado sempre que um usuário seleciona um novo idioma na lista suspensa. O código verifica se o arquivo associado com a globalização do idioma selecionado já foi carregado. Se o arquivo de globalização ainda não foi carregado, o arquivo de globalização é carregado dinamicamente, tirando vantagem do método $.getScript() da jQuery. O método globalizePage() é chamado depois que o arquivo de globalização solicitado tenha sido carregado, e contém o código do lado do cliente necessário para realizar a globalização. A vantagem dessa abordagem é que ela permite evitar o carregamento do arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js inteiro. Em vez disso você só precisa carregar os arquivos que você vai usar e você não precisa carregar os arquivos mais de uma vez. O arquivo 5_Dynamic.htm neste download de amostras demonstra como implementar esta abordagem. Exemplo: Definindo o Idioma Preferido do Usuário Automaticamente Muitos sites detectam o idioma preferido do usuário a partir das configurações de seu navegador e as usam automaticamente quando globalizam o conteúdo. Um usuário pode definir o idioma preferido para o seu navegador. Então, sempre que o usuário solicita uma página, esta preferência de idioma está incluída no pedido no cabeçalho Accept-Language. Quando você usa o Microsoft Internet Explorer, você pode definir o seu idioma preferido, seguindo estes passos: Selecione a opção do menu Ferramentas, Opções da Internet. Selecione a guia/tab Geral. Clique no botão Idiomas na seção Aparência. Clique no botão Adicionar para adicionar um novo idioma na lista de idiomas. Mova seu idioma preferido para o topo da lista. Observe que você pode listar múltiplos idiomas na janela de diálogo de Preferências de Idioma. Todas estas línguas são enviadas na ordem em que você as listou no cabeçalho Accept-Language: Accept-Language: fr-FR,id-ID;q=0.7,en-US;q= 0.3 Estranhamente, você não pode recuperar o valor do cabeçalho Accept-Language a partir do código JavaScript no lado do cliente. O Microsoft Internet Explorer e o Mozilla Firefox suportam um grupo de propriedades relacionadas a idiomas que são expostas pelo objeto window.navigator, tais como windows.navigator.browserLanguage e window.navigator.language, mas essas propriedades representam tanto o idioma definido para o sistema operacional ou a linguagem de edição do navegador. Essas propriedades não permitem que você recupere o idioma que o usuário definiu como seu idioma preferido. A única maneira confiável para se obter o idioma preferido do usuário (o valor do cabeçalho Accept-Language) é escrever código no lado do servidor. Por exemplo, a seguinte página ASP.NET tira vantagem da propriedade do servidor Request.UserLanguages para atribuir o idioma preferido do usuário para uma variável JavaScript no lado do cliente chamada AcceptLanguage (a qual então permite que você acesse o valor usando código JavaScript no lado do cliente): Para que este código funcione, as informações de cultura associadas ao valor de acceptLanguage devem ser incluídas na página. Por exemplo, se a cultura preferida de alguém é fr-FR (Francês na França) então você precisa incluir tanto o arquivo jQuery.glob.fr-FR.js ou o arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js na página; caso contrário, as informações de cultura não estarão disponíveis. O exemplo "6_AcceptLanguages.aspx" neste download de amostras demonstra como implementar esta abordagem. Se as informações de cultura para o idioma preferido do usuário não estiverem incluídas na página, então, o método $.preferCulture() voltará a usar a cultura neutra (por exemplo, passará a usar jQuery.glob.fr.js ao invés de jQuery.glob.fr-FR.js). Se as informações da cultura neutra não estiverem disponíveis, então, o método $.preferCulture() retornará para a cultura padrão (Inglês). Exemplo: Usando o Plugin de Globalização com o jQuery UI DatePicker (Selecionador de Datas da jQuery) Um dos objetivos do plugin de Globalização é tornar mais fácil construir widgets jQuery que podem ser usados com diferentes culturas. Nós queríamos ter certeza de que o plugin de Globalização da jQuery pudesse funcionar com os plugins de UI (interface do usuário) da jQuery, como o plugin DatePicker. Para esse fim, criamos uma versão corrigida do plugin DatePicker que pode tirar proveito do plugin de Globalização na renderização de um calendário. A imagem a seguir ilustra o que acontece quando você adiciona o plugin de Globalização jQuery e o plugin DatePicker da jQuery corrigido em uma página e seleciona a cultura da Indonésia como preferencial: Note que os cabeçalhos para os dias da semana são exibidos usando abreviaturas dos nomes dos dias referentes ao idioma Indonésio. Além disso, os nomes dos meses são exibidos em Indonésio. Você pode baixar a versão corrigida do jQuery UI DatePicker no nosso site no github. Ou você pode usar a versão incluída neste download de amostras e usada pelo arquivo de exemplo 7_DatePicker.htm. Sumário Estou animado com a nossa participação contínua na comunidade jQuery. Este plugin de Globalização é o terceiro plugin jQuery que lançamos. Nós realmente apreciamos todos os ótimos comentários e sugestões sobre os protótipos do Suporte para Templates jQuery e Linkagem de Dados que lançamos mais cedo neste ano. Queremos também agradecer aos times da jQuery e jQuery UI por trabalharem conosco na criação deses plugins. Espero que isso ajude, Scott P.S. Além do blog, eu também estou agora utilizando o Twitter para atualizações rápidas e para compartilhar links. Você pode me acompanhar em: twitter.com/scottgu   Texto traduzido do post original por Leniel Macaferi.

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