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  • How do I fix a corrupt .cab file?

    - by j03lar50n
    In Windows XP, I have a folder of install files- an .exe pointing to 3 Setup.cab files. As the install progresses, it hangs on Setup2.cab as it installs tutorial_page.chm (a Help file). I have 3 options when it hangs: Abort, Retry and Ignore. Both Abort and Ignore rollback the install and exit. But if I keep pressing Retry the install will progress & this action has successfully installed the program (eventually) for me. I AM WONDERING IF I CAN EXTRACTRE-PACKAGE THE .CAB? From the installed program can I grab the help.chm file and replace it into Setup2.cab for a successful install? I am aware of the Microsoft Cabinet Software Development Kit http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310618 and How To Manually Modify and Rebuild CAB Files http://support.microsoft.com/kb/176810 but 1.)want to ask if this is even possible & 2.)don't know how to make a .DDF file for Makecab.exe

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  • Amazon RDS Pros/Cons of Multiple DBs per instance

    - by Joe Flowers
    I run two completely independent websites. I am moving their MySQL databases to Amazon RDS. I'm not going to do Multi A/Z deployment - let's remove that variable from this question. I'm not sure whether to create a single RDS instance with two databases, or two Amazon RDS instances with a single database. Ignore cost for the sake of this question. I will not hit the 1 TB data limit so let's ignore that. However, it is extremely important that crashing one of the websites doesn't impact the other. Based on this document - http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.DBInstance.html I'm assuming that if I write terrible code that crashes one of the databases in a given RDS instance, it could possibly take down the entire RDS instance (and thus inadvertantly affect the other database). Is that correct? Thanks

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  • Sane(r) way to get character-encoding of CLI?

    - by danyowdee
    Hi all! I was writing a CLI-Tool for Mac OS X (10.5+) that has to deal with command-line arguments which are very likely to contain non-ASCII characters. For further processing, I convert these arguments using +[NSString stringWithCString:encoding:]. My problem is, that I couldn't find good information on how to determine the character-encoding used by the shell in which said cli-tool is running in. What I came up with as a solution is the following: NSDictionary *environment = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] environment]; NSString *ianaName = [[environment objectForKey:@"LANG"] pathExtension]; NSStringEncoding encoding = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding( CFStringConvertIANACharSetNameToEncoding( (CFStringRef)ianaName ) ); NSString *someArgument = [NSString stringWithCString:argv[someIndex] encoding:encoding]; I find that a little crude, however -- which makes me think that I missed out something obvious...but what? Is there a saner/cleaner way of achieving essentially the same? Thanks in advance D

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  • How do I execute find with GNU xargs to traverse a set of directories?

    - by wilhelmtell
    $ echo {a,b,c}.h d e.h |xargs -IA find A -name '*.h' find: `a.h b.h c.h d e.h': No such file or directory $ echo -e a.h\\nb.h c.h d e.h |xargs -IA find A -name '*.h' a.h find: `b.h c.h d e.h': No such file or directory The problem is that -I implies xargs will assume arguments are delimited by newline. I'm not sure why that is. I reckon I can solve this problem with sed, but I wonder if there's an xargs trick or idiom I'm not familiar with that people use to solve this. I'm looking for a solution that will also work on OS X. On OS X the xargs -J switch seems to work fine. The manpage claims this switch will just control where the arguments are placed for the executable -- which is exactly what I want.

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  • Text comparison utility

    - by Aaron
    I know this has been asked before...but I have a spin as I have been trying out varying free software offerings. I want to rid out department of DiffDoc the problem is that I am having trouble locating something that will do what we need. WinMerge has been the latest attempt... The problem is simple. One Word doc...one PDF with a portion of it containing the text to be compared against. Compare them and be done. Raw text, ignore whitespace, ignore carriage returns, etc... Just compare the text and give me the results in some sort of report. NOTE: Have tried ExamDiff, kdiff3, Tortoise, and a few others...

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  • Pin same app multiple times in Windows 7

    - by Mr. Shiny and New
    I use some programs with command line arguments and like to have shortcuts for launching those programs with those arguments. For example, I keep several Firefox profiles around and like to specify the profile name on the command line. Similarly I have several Eclipse shortcuts with a command line argument specifying the workspace to open. I would like to be able to pin these shortcuts to the start menu or taskbar in Windows 7. The problem I have is that once I've pinned one of these, no other shortcuts which launch the same exe can be launched. I'm also open to suggestions such as a suitable desktop gadget which can contain a bunch of arbitrary shortcuts, yet remain in a fixed position on my desktop somewhere, or some way of adding a secondary taskbar (this was possible in XP).

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  • File permissions issue with an NFSv4 share, uploaded from a Mac Lion

    - by POP.sicle
    I have an NFSv4 share that was working fine, with Macs using Snow Leopard, to share files across the network. The NFS share has one cloned user/group that all clients autoconnect as. However, when I use a Lion Mac to copy a file from their user directory to the NFS, no other computer (mac SL/mac Lion/Win7) can edit/delete/write to the file that was uploaded - despite having the correct read/write/ex permissions visible on the NFS and through terminal. Attempting to edit the file permissions through Finder completely locks the file. I suspect this has something to do with Lion's ACLs (or maybe its version control) conflicting with NFSv4. Is there a way to disable or ignore extended ACLs or extended file permissions on the NFSv4 side, that would allow users to not run into this conflict? The work around currently is to use NFS Manager and set automounts to ignore ownership but installing NFS manager and configuring automounts for all of the computers seems more troubling than attempting to reconfigure the NFS settings. Advice?

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  • How to configure sudoers with path wildcards?

    - by C. Lee
    I need sudo for a command for any path under a particular area. Example: sudo mycommand /opt/apps/myapp/... What is the sudoers syntax to allow this command to run in any path that falls under /opt/apps/myapp? This is Solaris 10 sudo. Thank you for your reply, but I don't need wildcards for the path to the commands, but wildcards for the arguments for the commands. For example, we want to do something like... sudo mycmd /opt/userarea/area1 sudo mycmd /opt/userarea/area1/area2 sudo mycmd /opt/userarea/area1/area2/area3 So far, using wildcards for the arguments in sudoers look like this: /opt/userarea/* /opt/userarea/*/* And it seems like if we want to have N levels of directories, then we need N lines in sudoers! Is there a better way to include all N levels in one line in sudoers? Thanks.

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  • How useful is mounting /tmp noexec?

    - by Novelocrat
    Many people (including the Securing Debian Manual) recommend mounting /tmp with the noexec,nodev,nosuid set of options. This is generally presented as one element of a 'defense-in-depth' strategy, by preventing the escalation of an attack that lets someone write a file, or an attack by a user with a legitimate account but no other writable space. Over time, however, I've encountered arguments (most prominently by Debian/Ubuntu Developer Colin Watson) that noexec is a useless measure, for a couple potential reasons: The user can run /lib/ld-linux.so <binary> in an attempt to get the same effect. The user can still run system-provided interpreters on scripts that can't be run directly Given these arguments, the potential need for more configuration (e.g. debconf likes an executable temporary directory), and the potential loss of convenience, is this a worthwhile security measure? What other holes do you know of that enable circumvention?

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  • Pin same app multiple times in Windows 7

    - by Mr. Shiny and New ??
    I use some programs with command line arguments and like to have shortcuts for launching those programs with those arguments. For example, I keep several Firefox profiles around and like to specify the profile name on the command line. Similarly I have several Eclipse shortcuts with a command line argument specifying the workspace to open. I would like to be able to pin these shortcuts to the start menu or taskbar in Windows 7. The problem I have is that once I've pinned one of these, no other shortcuts which launch the same exe can be launched. I'm also open to suggestions such as a suitable desktop gadget which can contain a bunch of arbitrary shortcuts, yet remain in a fixed position on my desktop somewhere, or some way of adding a secondary taskbar (this was possible in XP).

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  • Cannot boot NixOS Install CD

    - by InFreefall
    I am trying to install NixOS on an Acer laptop. When I try to boot off of the install CD, the system starts up and shows the Acer logo. Then, the boot menu of the CD appears, but it only displays on the top left corner of the screen. The rest of the screen still shows the Acer logo. If I try to select "boot" from the menu, that area of the screen goes black, and nothing else happens. I tried adding "nomodeset" to the boot arguments, but that did not affect anything. Are there any other boot arguments or anything else that could fix this?

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  • local .pac-file URL format that works with IE and Safari (Windows)?

    - by legr3c
    Say I want to use a proxy auto-config file that is stored at C:\proxy.pac. To make Internet Explorer use this configuration I have to specify the pac-file in the LAN settings in the following way: file://C:/proxy.pac But Safari, that uses the same proxy settings, will ignore it in this case. To make Safari use the pac-file I have to reference it as file:///C:/proxy.pac (3 slashes at the beginning) which, according to Wikipedia is the correct format. But this way Internet Explorer will ignore it. Opera and Chrome, that also use the same proxy settings, are fine with both ways but is there another option that will work with Safari and Internet Explorer at the same time?

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  • How can I change the flow through this PAM (programmable authentication module) file?

    - by Jamie
    I'd like the PAM module to skip the pam_mount.so line when a unix login succeeds. I've tried various things including: auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_winbind.so krb5_auth krb5_ccache_type=FILE cached_login try_first_pass auth requisite pam_deny.so auth requisite pam_permit.so auth required pam_permit.so auth optional pam_mount.so But can't get it to work. Conversely, when a session shuts down, how can I modify the following os that an unmount command (via pam_mount.so) is avoided during a unix login? session [default=1] pam_permit.so session requisite pam_deny.so session required pam_permit.so session required pam_unix.so session optional pam_winbind.so session optional pam_mount.so

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  • Squid stale-while-revalidate not working when max-age=0

    - by Wiliam
    Squid 2.7 always reaches backend, expected is to reach backend using stale-while-revalidate only when cache expires, not when client triggers max-age=0. Script: <?php header('Cache-Control: public, max-age=10, stale-if-error=200, stale-while-revalidate=500'); header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT"); sleep(2); die("OK"); And squid config: # http_port public_ip:port accel defaultsite= default hostname, if not provided http_port 80 accel defaultsite=mydomain.com # IP and port of your main application server (or multiple) cache_peer 127.0.0.1 parent 8000 0 no-query allow-miss originserver name=main # Do not tell the world that which squid version we're running httpd_suppress_version_string on # Remove the Caching Control header for upstream servers header_access Cache-Control deny all #header_access Last-Modified deny all # log all incoming traffic in Apache format logformat combined %>a %ui %un [%tl] "%rm %ru HTTP/%rv" %Hs %<st "%{Referer}>h" "%{User-Agent}>h" %Ss:%Sh access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.log combined all cache_effective_user squid refresh_pattern . 10080 90% 999999 ignore-no-cache override-expire ignore-private icp_port 0

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  • Linux/Solaris replace hostnames in files according to hostname rule

    - by yael
    According to the following Perl command ( this command part of ksh script ) I can replaced old hostnames with new hostnames in Linux or Solaris previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a export previos_machine_name export new_machine_name . perl -i -pe 'next if /^ *#/; s/(\b|[[:^alnum:]])$ENV{previos_machine_name}(\b|[[:^alnum:]])/$1$ENV{new_machine_name}$2/g' file EXPLAIN: according to perl command - we not replaces hostnames on the follwoing case: RULE: [NUMBERS]||[letter]HOSTNAME[NUMBERS]||[letter] my question after I used the Perl command in order to replace all old hostnames with new hostnames based on the "RULE" in the Perl command how to verify that the old hostnames not exist in file ? for example previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a more file AAARed_Hat_linux1a verification should be ignore from this line @Red_Hat_linux1a$ verification should be match this line P=Red_Hat_linux1a verification should be match this line XXXRed_Hat_linux1aZZZ verification should be ignore from this line . . . .

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  • Input string was not in a correct format.

    - by Jon
    I have this error which doesn't happen on my local machine but it does when the code is built by our build sever and deployed to the target server. I can't work out what the problem is, after having spent many hours on this issue. Here is an error trace: [FormatException: Input string was not in a correct format.] System.Number.StringToNumber(String str, NumberStyles options, NumberBuffer& number, NumberFormatInfo info, Boolean parseDecimal) +7469351 System.Number.ParseInt32(String s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo info) +119 System.Byte.Parse(String s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo info) +35 System.String.System.IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider) +46 System.Convert.ChangeType(Object value, TypeCode typeCode, IFormatProvider provider) +199 System.Web.UI.WebControls.Parameter.GetValue(Object value, String defaultValue, TypeCode type, Boolean convertEmptyStringToNull, Boolean ignoreNullableTypeChanges) +127 System.Web.UI.WebControls.Parameter.GetValue(Object value, Boolean ignoreNullableTypeChanges) +66 System.Web.UI.WebControls.ParameterCollection.GetValues(HttpContext context, Control control) +285 System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.InitializeParameters(DbCommand command, ParameterCollection parameters, IDictionary exclusionList) +251 System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteSelect(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) +476 System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSource.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) +19 Customer_NewTenancyList.BindReport(GridSortEventArgs e) +442 Customer_NewTenancyList.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) +345 System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) +73 baseRslpage.OnLoad(EventArgs e) +16 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +52 System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +2170 Here is my own trace: Begin PreInit aspx.page End PreInit 3.12888928620816E-05 0.000031 aspx.page Begin Init 7.43111205474439E-05 0.000043 aspx.page End Init 0.00122138428208054 0.001147 aspx.page Begin InitComplete 0.00125379063540199 0.000032 aspx.page End InitComplete 0.00127781603527823 0.000024 aspx.page Begin PreLoad 0.00131022238859967 0.000032 aspx.page End PreLoad 0.00133424778847591 0.000024 aspx.page Begin Load 0.00135575890231859 0.000022 Page_Load 0.00145996209015392 0.000104 BindReport 0.0014856636807192 0.000026 Parameters add start: 30/03/2010 30/04/2010 0.0015569017850034 0.000071 Parameters add ended 0.00160048274291844 0.000044 Trace 1 0.00162450814279468 0.000024 Unhandled Execution Error Input string was not in a correct format. at System.Number.StringToNumber(String str, NumberStyles options, NumberBuffer& number, NumberFormatInfo info, Boolean parseDecimal) at System.Number.ParseInt32(String s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo info) at System.Byte.Parse(String s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo info) at System.String.System.IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider) at System.Convert.ChangeType(Object value, TypeCode typeCode, IFormatProvider provider) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.Parameter.GetValue(Object value, String defaultValue, TypeCode type, Boolean convertEmptyStringToNull, Boolean ignoreNullableTypeChanges) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.Parameter.GetValue(Object value, Boolean ignoreNullableTypeChanges) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.ParameterCollection.GetValues(HttpContext context, Control control) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.InitializeParameters(DbCommand command, ParameterCollection parameters, IDictionary exclusionList) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteSelect(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSource.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) at Customer_NewTenancyList.BindReport(GridSortEventArgs e) at Customer_NewTenancyList.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) at baseRslpage.OnLoad(EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) And here is my code: Trace.Warn("BindReport") Dim sds As New SqlDataSource sds.SelectCommand = "C_MYSTORED_PROC" sds.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("connstring").ConnectionString sds.SelectCommandType = SqlDataSourceCommandType.StoredProcedure Trace.Warn(String.Format("Parameters add start: {0} {1}", dpFrom.Text, dpTo.Text)) sds.SelectParameters.Add(New Parameter("FROMDATE", DbType.DateTime, dpFrom.Text)) sds.SelectParameters.Add(New Parameter("TODATE", DbType.DateTime, dpTo.Text)) Trace.Warn("Parameters add ended") Dim dv As DataView Dim dt As DataTable Trace.Warn("Trace 1") dv = sds.Select(New DataSourceSelectArguments()) Trace.Warn("Trace 2") If e IsNot Nothing Then dv.Sort = String.Format("{0} {1}", e.SortField, e.SortDirection) Trace.Warn("Trace 3") Else gvReport.CurrentSortColumnIndex = 0 gvReport.Columns(0).SortDirection = "DESC" Trace.Warn("Trace 4") End If Trace.Warn("Trace 5") dt = dv.ToTable() Cache("NewTenancyList") = dt Trace.Warn("Trace 6") Trace.Warn("About to databind") gvReport.DataSource = dt gvReport.DataBind() Trace.Warn("Databinded") What I don't understand and this is really weird, why does it work on my local machine but not on the live server? If i build the code on my local machine then copy over the complete \bin directory it works. If I pull the code from source safe, build then copy, I get this error. It seems to choke after the line "dv = sds.Select(New DataSourceSelectArguments())" in the code.

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  • My Dijit DateTimeCombo widget doesn't send selected value on form submission

    - by david bessire
    i need to create a Dojo widget that lets users specify date & time. i found a sample implementation attached to an entry in the Dojo bug tracker. It looks nice and mostly works, but when i submit the form, the value sent by the client is not the user-selected value but the value sent from the server. What changes do i need to make to get the widget to submit the date & time value? Sample usage is to render a JSP with basic HTML tags (form & input), then dojo.addOnLoad a function which selects the basic elements by ID, adds dojoType attribute, and dojo.parser.parse()-es the page. Thanks in advance. The widget is implemented in two files. The application uses Dojo 1.3. File 1: DateTimeCombo.js dojo.provide("dojox.form.DateTimeCombo"); dojo.require("dojox.form._DateTimeCombo"); dojo.require("dijit.form._DateTimeTextBox"); dojo.declare( "dojox.form.DateTimeCombo", dijit.form._DateTimeTextBox, { baseClass: "dojoxformDateTimeCombo dijitTextBox", popupClass: "dojox.form._DateTimeCombo", pickerPostOpen: "pickerPostOpen_fn", _selector: 'date', constructor: function (argv) {}, postMixInProperties: function() { dojo.mixin(this.constraints, { /* datePattern: 'MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss', timePattern: 'HH:mm:ss', */ datePattern: 'MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm', timePattern: 'HH:mm', clickableIncrement:'T00:15:00', visibleIncrement:'T00:15:00', visibleRange:'T01:00:00' }); this.inherited(arguments); }, _open: function () { this.inherited(arguments); if (this._picker!==null && (this.pickerPostOpen!==null && this.pickerPostOpen!=="")) { if (this._picker.pickerPostOpen_fn!==null) { this._picker.pickerPostOpen_fn(this); } } } } ); File 2: _DateTimeCombo.js dojo.provide("dojox.form._DateTimeCombo"); dojo.require("dojo.date.stamp"); dojo.require("dijit._Widget"); dojo.require("dijit._Templated"); dojo.require("dijit._Calendar"); dojo.require("dijit.form.TimeTextBox"); dojo.require("dijit.form.Button"); dojo.declare("dojox.form._DateTimeCombo", [dijit._Widget, dijit._Templated], { // invoked only if time picker is empty defaultTime: function () { var res= new Date(); res.setHours(0,0,0); return res; }, // id of this table below is the same as this.id templateString: " <table class=\"dojoxDateTimeCombo\" waiRole=\"presentation\">\ <tr class=\"dojoxTDComboCalendarContainer\">\ <td>\ <center><input dojoAttachPoint=\"calendar\" dojoType=\"dijit._Calendar\"></input></center>\ </td>\ </tr>\ <tr class=\"dojoxTDComboTimeTextBoxContainer\">\ <td>\ <center><input dojoAttachPoint=\"timePicker\" dojoType=\"dijit.form.TimeTextBox\"></input></center>\ </td>\ </tr>\ <tr><td><center><button dojoAttachPoint=\"ctButton\" dojoType=\"dijit.form.Button\">Ok</button></center></td></tr>\ </table>\ ", widgetsInTemplate: true, constructor: function(arg) {}, postMixInProperties: function() { this.inherited(arguments); }, postCreate: function() { this.inherited(arguments); this.connect(this.ctButton, "onClick", "_onValueSelected"); }, // initialize pickers to calendar value pickerPostOpen_fn: function (parent_inst) { var parent_value = parent_inst.attr('value'); if (parent_value !== null) { this.setValue(parent_value); } }, // expects a valid date object setValue: function(value) { if (value!==null) { this.calendar.attr('value', value); this.timePicker.attr('value', value); } }, // return a Date constructed date in calendar & time in time picker. getValue: function() { var value = this.calendar.attr('value'); var result=value; if (this.timePicker.value !== null) { if ((this.timePicker.value instanceof Date) === true) { result.setHours(this.timePicker.value.getHours(), this.timePicker.value.getMinutes(), this.timePicker.value.getSeconds()); return result; } } else { var defTime=this.defaultTime(); result.setHours(defTime.getHours(), defTime.getMinutes(), defTime.getSeconds()); return result; } }, _onValueSelected: function() { var value = this.getValue(); this.onValueSelected(value); }, onValueSelected: function(value) {} });

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  • Partial generic type inference possible in C#?

    - by Lasse V. Karlsen
    I am working on rewriting my fluent interface for my IoC class library, and when I refactored some code in order to share some common functionality through a base class, I hit upon a snag. Note: This is something I want to do, not something I have to do. If I have to make do with a different syntax, I will, but if anyone has an idea on how to make my code compile the way I want it, it would be most welcome. I want some extension methods to be available for a specific base-class, and these methods should be generic, with one generic type, related to an argument to the method, but the methods should also return a specific type related to the particular descendant they're invoked upon. Better with a code example than the above description methinks. Here's a simple and complete example of what doesn't work: using System; namespace ConsoleApplication16 { public class ParameterizedRegistrationBase { } public class ConcreteTypeRegistration : ParameterizedRegistrationBase { public void SomethingConcrete() { } } public class DelegateRegistration : ParameterizedRegistrationBase { public void SomethingDelegated() { } } public static class Extensions { public static ParameterizedRegistrationBase Parameter<T>( this ParameterizedRegistrationBase p, string name, T value) { return p; } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { ConcreteTypeRegistration ct = new ConcreteTypeRegistration(); ct .Parameter<int>("age", 20) .SomethingConcrete(); // <-- this is not available DelegateRegistration del = new DelegateRegistration(); del .Parameter<int>("age", 20) .SomethingDelegated(); // <-- neither is this } } } If you compile this, you'll get: 'ConsoleApplication16.ParameterizedRegistrationBase' does not contain a definition for 'SomethingConcrete' and no extension method 'SomethingConcrete'... 'ConsoleApplication16.ParameterizedRegistrationBase' does not contain a definition for 'SomethingDelegated' and no extension method 'SomethingDelegated'... What I want is for the extension method (Parameter<T>) to be able to be invoked on both ConcreteTypeRegistration and DelegateRegistration, and in both cases the return type should match the type the extension was invoked on. The problem is as follows: I would like to write: ct.Parameter<string>("name", "Lasse") ^------^ notice only one generic argument but also that Parameter<T> returns an object of the same type it was invoked on, which means: ct.Parameter<string>("name", "Lasse").SomethingConcrete(); ^ ^-------+-------^ | | +---------------------------------------------+ .SomethingConcrete comes from the object in "ct" which in this case is of type ConcreteTypeRegistration Is there any way I can trick the compiler into making this leap for me? If I add two generic type arguments to the Parameter method, type inference forces me to either provide both, or none, which means this: public static TReg Parameter<TReg, T>( this TReg p, string name, T value) where TReg : ParameterizedRegistrationBase gives me this: Using the generic method 'ConsoleApplication16.Extensions.Parameter<TReg,T>(TReg, string, T)' requires 2 type arguments Using the generic method 'ConsoleApplication16.Extensions.Parameter<TReg,T>(TReg, string, T)' requires 2 type arguments Which is just as bad. I can easily restructure the classes, or even make the methods non-extension-methods by introducing them into the hierarchy, but my question is if I can avoid having to duplicate the methods for the two descendants, and in some way declare them only once, for the base class. Let me rephrase that. Is there a way to change the classes in the first code example above, so that the syntax in the Main-method can be kept, without duplicating the methods in question? The code will have to be compatible with both C# 3.0 and 4.0. Edit: The reason I'd rather not leave both generic type arguments to inference is that for some services, I want to specify a parameter value for a constructor parameter that is of one type, but pass in a value that is a descendant. For the moment, matching of specified argument values and the correct constructor to call is done using both the name and the type of the argument. Let me give an example: ServiceContainerBuilder.Register<ISomeService>(r => r .From(f => f.ConcreteType<FileService>(ct => ct .Parameter<Stream>("source", new FileStream(...))))); ^--+---^ ^---+----^ | | | +- has to be a descendant of Stream | +- has to match constructor of FileService If I leave both to type inference, the parameter type will be FileStream, not Stream.

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  • [C#][XNA] Draw() 20,000 32 by 32 Textures or 1 Large Texture 20,000 Times

    - by Rudi
    The title may be confusing - sorry about that, it's a poor summary. Here's my dilemma. I'm programming in C# using the .NET Framework 4, and aiming to make a tile-based game with XNA. I have one large texture (256 pixels by 4096 pixels). Remember this is a tile-based game, so this texture is so massive only because it contains many tiles, which are each 32 pixels by 32 pixels. I think the experts will definitely know what a tile-based game is like. The orientation is orthogonal (like a chess board), not isometric. In the Game.Draw() method, I have two choices, one of which will be incredibly more efficient than the other. Choice/Method #1: Semi-Pseudocode: public void Draw() { // map tiles are drawn left-to-right, top-to-bottom for (int x = 0; x < mapWidth; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < mapHeight; y++) { SpriteBatch.Draw( MyLargeTexture, // One large 256 x 4096 texture new Rectangle(x, y, 32, 32), // Destination rectangle - ignore this, its ok new Rectangle(x, y, 32, 32), // Notice the source rectangle 'cuts out' 32 by 32 squares from the texture corresponding to the loop Color.White); // No tint - ignore this, its ok } } } Caption: So, effectively, the first method is referencing one large texture many many times, each time using a small rectangle of this large texture to draw the appropriate tile image. Choice/Method #2: Semi-Pseudocode: public void Draw() { // map tiles are drawn left-to-right, top-to-bottom for (int x = 0; x < mapWidth; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < mapHeight; y++) { Texture2D tileTexture = map.GetTileTexture(x, y); // Getting a small 32 by 32 texture (different each iteration of the loop) SpriteBatch.Draw( tileTexture, new Rectangle(x, y, 32, 32), // Destination rectangle - ignore this, its ok new Rectangle(0, 0, tileTexture.Width, tileTexture.Height), // Notice the source rectangle uses the entire texture, because the entire texture IS 32 by 32 Color.White); // No tint - ignore this, its ok } } } Caption: So, effectively, the second method is drawing many small textures many times. The Question: Which method and why? Personally, I would think it would be incredibly more efficient to use the first method. If you think about what that means for the tile array in a map (think of a large map with 2000 by 2000 tiles, let's say), each Tile object would only have to contain 2 integers, for the X and Y positions of the source rectangle in the one large texture - 8 bytes. If you use method #2, however, each Tile object in the tile array of the map would have to store a 32by32 Texture - an image - which has to allocate memory for the R G B A pixels 32 by 32 times - is that 4096 bytes per tile then? So, which method and why? First priority is speed, then memory-load, then efficiency or whatever you experts believe.

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  • Jscript help? What is the main purpose of this Javascript?

    - by user577363
    Dear All, I don't know Javascript, can you please show me the main purpose of this Javascript? Many Thanks!! <script> var QunarUtil=new function(){var prefix='/scripts/';var suffix='';var host='';if(location.host.indexOf('src.')!=-1){prefix='/scripts/src/';host='http://hstatic.qunar.com';suffix='.js';}else if(location.host.indexOf('enc.')!=-1){prefix='/scripts/';host='http://hstatic.qunar.com';suffix='.js';}else if(location.host.substring(0,10)=='sdev-'){prefix=location.host.substring(5,location.host.indexOf('.'));prefix='/'+prefix.replace(/\-/ig,'/');host='http://hstatic.qunar.com';suffix='.js';}else if(location.host.indexOf("h.qunar.com")!=-1){host='http://hstatic.qunar.com';suffix='';} this.getScriptURL=function(name,isList){if(name.charAt(0)!='/') return this.getScript(prefix+name,isList);else return this.getScript(name,isList);} this.getScript=function(src,isList){return'<'+'script type="text/javascript" src="'+host+src+(isList?suffix:'.js')+'?'+__QUNARVER__+'"></'+'script>';} this.writeScript=function(name,isList){document.write(this.getScriptURL(name,isList));} this.writeScriptList=function(list){for(var i=0;i<list.length;i++) document.write(this.getScriptURL(list[i]));} var cssRoot='/styles/';this.writeCSS=function(cssList){for(var i=0;i<cssList.length;i++){document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" href="'+cssRoot+cssList[i]+'?'+__QUNARVER__+'">');}} this.writeStaticScript=function(src){document.write('<scr'+'ipt type="text/javascript" src="'+src+'"></'+'scr'+'ipt>');} this.writeStaticList=function(src){document.write('<scr'+'ipt type="text/javascript" src="'+src+suffix+'?'+__QUNARVER__+'"></'+'scr'+'ipt>');}} $include=function(){for(var i=0;i<arguments.length;i++){QunarUtil.writeScript(arguments[i],true);}} </script> Uncompressed version: <script> var QunarUtil = new function() { var prefix = '/scripts/'; var suffix = ''; var host = ''; if (location.host.indexOf('src.') != -1) { prefix = '/scripts/src/'; host = 'http://hstatic.qunar.com'; suffix = '.js'; } else if (location.host.indexOf('enc.') != -1) { prefix = '/scripts/'; host = 'http://hstatic.qunar.com'; suffix = '.js'; } else if (location.host.substring(0, 10) == 'sdev-') { prefix = location.host.substring(5, location.host.indexOf('.')); prefix = '/' + prefix.replace(/\-/ig, '/'); host = 'http://hstatic.qunar.com'; suffix = '.js'; } else if (location.host.indexOf("h.qunar.com") != -1) { host = 'http://hstatic.qunar.com'; suffix = ''; } this.getScriptURL = function(name, isList) { if (name.charAt(0) != '/') return this.getScript(prefix + name, isList); else return this.getScript(name, isList); } this.getScript = function(src, isList) { return '<' + 'script type="text/javascript" src="' + host + src + (isList ? suffix : '.js') + '?' + __QUNARVER__ + '"></' + 'script>'; } this.writeScript = function(name, isList) { document.write(this.getScriptURL(name, isList)); } this.writeScriptList = function(list) { for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) document.write(this.getScriptURL(list[i])); } var cssRoot = '/styles/'; this.writeCSS = function(cssList) { for (var i = 0; i < cssList.length; i++) { document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" href="' + cssRoot + cssList[i] + '?' + __QUNARVER__ + '">'); } } this.writeStaticScript = function(src) { document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="' + src + '"></' + 'scr' + 'ipt>'); } this.writeStaticList = function(src) { document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="' + src + suffix + '?' + __QUNARVER__ + '"></' + 'scr' + 'ipt>'); } } $include = function() { for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) { QunarUtil.writeScript(arguments[i], true); } } </script>

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  • How to deal with transport level security policy with OSB

    - by Jian Liang
    Recently, we received a use case for Oracle Service Bus (OSB) 11gPS4 to consume a Web Service which is secured by HTTP transport level security policy. The WSDL of the remote web service looks like following where the part marked in red shows the security policy: <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <definitions xmlns:wssutil="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" xmlns:wsp="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/policy" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="https://httpsbasicauth" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" targetNamespace="https://httpsbasicauth" name="HttpsBasicAuthService"> <wsp:UsingPolicy wssutil:Required="true"/> <wsp:Policy wssutil:Id="WSHttpBinding_IPartyServicePortType_policy"> <wsp:ExactlyOne> <wsp:All> <ns1:TransportBinding xmlns:ns1="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/07/securitypolicy"> <wsp:Policy> <ns1:TransportToken> <wsp:Policy> <ns1:HttpsToken RequireClientCertificate="false"/> </wsp:Policy> </ns1:TransportToken> <ns1:AlgorithmSuite> <wsp:Policy> <ns1:Basic256/> </wsp:Policy> </ns1:AlgorithmSuite> <ns1:Layout> <wsp:Policy> <ns1:Strict/> </wsp:Policy> </ns1:Layout> </wsp:Policy> </ns1:TransportBinding> <ns2:UsingAddressing xmlns:ns2="http://www.w3.org/2006/05/addressing/wsdl"/> </wsp:All> </wsp:ExactlyOne> </wsp:Policy> <types> <xsd:schema> <xsd:import namespace="https://proxyhttpsbasicauth" schemaLocation="http://localhost:7001/WS/HttpsBasicAuthService?xsd=1"/> </xsd:schema> <xsd:schema> <xsd:import namespace="https://httpsbasicauth" schemaLocation="http://localhost:7001/WS/HttpsBasicAuthService?xsd=2"/> </xsd:schema> </types> <message name="echoString"> <part name="parameters" element="tns:echoString"/> </message> <message name="echoStringResponse"> <part name="parameters" element="tns:echoStringResponse"/> </message> <portType name="HttpsBasicAuth"> <operation name="echoString"> <input message="tns:echoString"/> <output message="tns:echoStringResponse"/> </operation> </portType> <binding name="HttpsBasicAuthSoapPortBinding" type="tns:HttpsBasicAuth"> <wsp:PolicyReference URI="#WSHttpBinding_IPartyServicePortType_policy"/> <soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" style="document"/> <operation name="echoString"> <soap:operation soapAction=""/> <input> <soap:body use="literal"/> </input> <output> <soap:body use="literal"/> </output> </operation> </binding> <service name="HttpsBasicAuthService"> <port name="HttpsBasicAuthSoapPort" binding="tns:HttpsBasicAuthSoapPortBinding"> <soap:address location="https://localhost:7002/WS/HttpsBasicAuthService"/> </port> </service> </definitions> The security assertion in the WSDL (marked in red) indicates that this is the HTTP transport level security policy which requires one way SSL with default authentication (aka. basic authenticate with username/password). Normally, there are two ways to handle web service security policy with OSB 11g: Use WebLogic 9.x policy Use OWSM Since OSB doesn’t support WebLogic 9.x WSSP transport level assertion (except for WS transport), when we tried to create the business service based on the imported WSDL, OSB complained with the following message: [OSB Kernel:398133]The service is based on WSDL with Web Services Security Policies that are not natively supported by Oracle Service Bus. Please select OWSM Policies - From OWSM Policy Store option and attach equivalent OWSM security policy. For the Business Service, either you can add the necessary client policies manually by clicking Add button or you can let Oracle Service Bus automatically pick and add compatible client policies by clicking Add Compatible button. Unfortunately, when tried with OWSM, we couldn’t find http_token_policy from OWSM since OSB PS4 doesn’t support OWSM http_token_policy. It seems that we ran into an unsupported situation that no appropriate policy can be used from both WebLogic and OWSM. As this security policy requires one way SSL with basic authentication at the transport level, a possible workaround is to meet the remote service's requirement at transport level without using web service policy. We can simply use OSB to establish SSL connection and provide username/password for authentication at the transport level to the remote web service. In this case, the business service within OSB will be transparent to the web service policy. However, we still need to deal with OSB console’s complaint related to unsupported security policy because the failure of WSDL validation prohibits OSB console to move forward. With the help from OSB Product Management team, we finally came up with the following solutions: Solution 1: OSB PS5 The good news is that the http_token_policy is made available in OSB PS5. With OSB PS5, you can simply add OWSM oracle/wss_http_token_over_ssl_client_policy to the business service. The simplest solution is to upgrade to OSB PS5 where the OWSM solution is provided out of the box. But if you are not in a position where upgrading is an immediate option, you might want to consider other two workaround solutions described below. Solution 2: Modifying WSDL This solution addresses OSB console’s complaint by removing the security policy from the imported WSDL within OSB. Without the security policy, OSB console allows the business service to be created based on modified WSDL.  Please bear in mind, modifying WSDL is done only for the OSB side via OSB console, no change is required on the remote Web Service. The main steps of this solution: Connect to OSB console import the remote WSDL into OSB remove security assertion (the red marked part) from the imported WSDL create a service account. In our sample, we simply take the user weblogic create the business service and check "Basic" for Authentication and select the created service account make sure that OSB consumes the web service via https. This solution requires modifying WSDL. It is suitable for any OSB version (10g or OSB 11g version) prior to PS5 without OWSM. However, modifying WSDL by hand is troublesome as it requires the user to remember that the original WSDL was edited.  It forces you to make the same edit each time you want to re-import the service WSDL when changes occur at the service level. This also prevents you from using UDDI to import WSDL.  Solution 3: Using original WSDL This solution keeps the WSDL intact and ignores the embedded policy by using OWSM. By design, OWSM doesn’t like WSDL with embedded security assertion. Since OWSM doesn’t provide the feature to explicitly ignore the embedded policy from a remote WSDL, in this solution, we use OWSM in a tricky way to ignore the embedded policy. Connect to OSB console import the remote WSDL into OSB create a service account create the business service in which check "Basic" for Authentication and select the created service account as the imported WSDL is intact, the OSB Kernel:398133 error is expected ignore this error message for the moment and navigate to the Policies Page of business service Select “From OWSM Policy Store” and click “Add” button, the list of policies will pop-up Here is the tricky part: select an arbitrary policy, and click “Cancel” Update and save By clicking “Cancel’ button, we didn’t add any OWSM policy to business service, but the embedded policy is ignored. Yes, this is tricky. According to Oracle OSB Product Manager, the future release of OWSM will add a button “None” which allows to ignore the embedded policy explicitly. This solution keeps the imported WSDL intact which is the big advantage over the solution 2. It is suitable for OSB 11g (version prior to PS5) domain with OWSM configured. This blog addressed the unsupported transport level web service security policy with OSB PS4. To summarize, if you are using OSB PS5 or in a position to upgrade to PS5, the recommendation is to use OWSM OOTB transport level security policy directly. With the release prior to 11g PS5, you can consider the solution 2 or 3 depending on if OWSM is configured.

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  • execute script after desktop loaded?

    - by Andre
    I want to execute bash script on startup that opens several terminals in different workspaces. Script works just fine if I call it from terminal, but it doesn't work if executed from crontab using @reboot: #!/usr/bin/env bash #1 make sure we have enough workspaces gconftool-2 --set -t int /apps/metacity/general/num_workspaces 7 #2. Launch programs in these terminals wmctrl -s 6 gnome-terminal --full-screen --execute bash -c "tmux attach; bash" wmctrl -s 5 gnome-terminal --full-screen --execute bash -c "weechat-curses; bash" wmctrl -s 4 gnome-terminal --full-screen --execute bash -c "export TERM=xterm-256color; mutt; bash" wmctrl -s 3 gnome-terminal --full-screen wmctrl -s 2 gnome-terminal --full-screen wmctrl -s 1 gnome-terminal --full-screen wmctrl -s 0 google-chrome --start-maximized I think it's because crontab job triggers before desktop environment is loaded...maybe...? How can I execute this script after desktop environment is loaded? thanks:) Update 1: i've started it from crontab initially like this: @reboot $HOME/andreiscripts/startup.sh >> $HOME/andreiscripts/testlog.txt 2>&1 and was getting these errors: Cannot open display. Failed to parse arguments: Cannot open display: Cannot open display. Failed to parse arguments: Cannot open display: Cannot open display. ..... Update 2 I've tried to launch script from System Preferences Startup Applications /home/andrei/andreiscripts/startup.sh >> /home/andrei/Desktop/out.txt 2>&1 but script only opened first gnome-terminal in workspace 6... and wouldn't continue executing the rest of the script until I close that gnome-terminal and so on....

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  • Function currying in Javascript

    - by kerry
    Do you catch yourself doing something like this often? 1: Ajax.request('/my/url', {'myParam': paramVal}, function() { myCallback(paramVal); }); Creating a function which calls another function asynchronously is a bad idea because the value of paramVal may change before it is called.  Enter the curry function: 1: Function.prototype.curry = function(scope) { 2: var args = []; 3: for (var i=1, len = arguments.length; i < len; ++i) { 4: args.push(arguments[i]); 5: } 6: var m = this; 7: return function() { 8: m.apply(scope, args); 9: }; 10: } This function creates a wrapper around the function and ‘locks in’ the method parameters.  The first parameter is the scope of the function call (usually this or window).  Any remaining parameters will be passed to the method call.  Using the curry method the above call changes to: 1: Ajax.request('/my/url', {'myParam': paramVal}, myCallback.curry(window,paramVal)); Remember when passing objects to the curry method that the objects members may still change.

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  • A Simple Approach For Presenting With Code Samples

    - by Jesse Taber
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/GruffCode/archive/2013/07/31/a-simple-approach-for-presenting-with-code-samples.aspxI’ve been getting ready for a presentation and have been struggling a bit with the best way to show and execute code samples. I don’t present often (hardly ever), but when I do I like the presentation to have a lot of succinct and executable code snippets to help illustrate the points that I’m making. Depending on what the presentation is about, I might just want to build an entire sample application that I would run during the presentation. In other cases, however, building a full-blown application might not really be the best way to present the code. The presentation I’m working on now is for an open source utility library for dealing with dates and times. I could have probably cooked up a sample app for accepting date and time input and then contrived ways in which it could put the library through its paces, but I had trouble coming up with one app that would illustrate all of the various features of the library that I wanted to highlight. I finally decided that what I really needed was an approach that met the following criteria: Simple: I didn’t want the user interface or overall architecture of a sample application to serve as a distraction from the demonstration of the syntax of the library that the presentation is about. I want to be able to present small bits of code that are focused on accomplishing a single task. Several of these examples will look similar, and that’s OK. I want each sample to “stand on its own” and not rely much on external classes or methods (other than the library that is being presented, of course). “Debuggable” (not really a word, I know): I want to be able to easily run the sample with the debugger attached in Visual Studio should I want to step through any bits of code and show what certain values might be at run time. As far as I know this rules out something like LinqPad, though using LinqPad to present code samples like this is actually a very interesting idea that I might explore another time. Flexible and Selectable: I’m going to have lots of code samples to show, and I want to be able to just package them all up into a single project or module and have an easy way to just run the sample that I want on-demand. Since I’m presenting on a .NET framework library, one of the simplest ways in which I could execute some code samples would be to just create a Console application and use Console.WriteLine to output the pertinent info at run time. This gives me a “no frills” harness from which to run my code samples, and I just hit ‘F5’ to run it with the debugger. This satisfies numbers 1 and 2 from my list of criteria above, but item 3 is a little harder. By default, just running a console application is going to execute the ‘main’ method, and then terminate the program after all code is executed. If I want to have several different code samples and run them one at a time, it would be cumbersome to keep swapping the code I want in and out of the ‘main’ method of the console application. What I really want is an easy way to keep the console app running throughout the whole presentation and just have it run the samples I want when I want. I could setup a simple Windows Forms or WPF desktop application with buttons for the different samples, but then I’m getting away from my first criteria of keeping things as simple as possible. Infinite Loops To The Rescue I found a way to have a simple console application satisfy all three of my requirements above, and it involves using an infinite loop and some Console.ReadLine calls that will give the user an opportunity to break out and exit the program. (All programs that need to run until they are closed explicitly (or crash!) likely use similar constructs behind the scenes. Create a new Windows Forms project, look in the ‘Program.cs’ that gets generated, and then check out the docs for the Application.Run method that it calls.). Here’s how the main method might look: 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: do 4: { 5: Console.Write("Enter command or 'exit' to quit: > "); 6: var command = Console.ReadLine(); 7: if ((command ?? string.Empty).Equals("exit", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) 8: { 9: Console.WriteLine("Quitting."); 10: break; 11: } 12: 13: } while (true); 14: } The idea here is the app prompts me for the command I want to run, or I can type in ‘exit’ to break out of the loop and let the application close. The only trick now is to create a set of commands that map to each of the code samples that I’m going to want to run. Each sample is already encapsulated in a single public method in a separate class, so I could just write a big switch statement or create a hashtable/dictionary that maps command text to an Action that will invoke the proper method, but why re-invent the wheel? CLAP For Your Own Presentation I’ve blogged about the CLAP library before, and it turns out that it’s a great fit for satisfying criteria #3 from my list above. CLAP lets you decorate methods in a class with an attribute and then easily invoke those methods from within a console application. CLAP was designed to take the arguments passed into the console app from the command line and parse them to determine which method to run and what arguments to pass to that method, but there’s no reason you can’t re-purpose it to accept command input from within the infinite loop defined above and invoke the corresponding method. Here’s how you might define a couple of different methods to contain two different code samples that you want to run during your presentation: 1: public static class CodeSamples 2: { 3: [Verb(Aliases="one")] 4: public static void SampleOne() 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("This is sample 1"); 7: } 8:   9: [Verb(Aliases="two")] 10: public static void SampleTwo() 11: { 12: Console.WriteLine("This is sample 2"); 13: } 14: } A couple of things to note about the sample above: I’m using static methods. You don’t actually need to use static methods with CLAP, but the syntax ends up being a bit simpler and static methods happen to lend themselves well to the “one self-contained method per code sample” approach that I want to use. The methods are decorated with a ‘Verb’ attribute. This tells CLAP that they are eligible targets for commands. The “Aliases” argument lets me give them short and easy-to-remember aliases that can be used to invoke them. By default, CLAP just uses the full method name as the command name, but with aliases you can simply the usage a bit. I’m not using any parameters. CLAP’s main feature is its ability to parse out arguments from a command line invocation of a console application and automatically pass them in as parameters to the target methods. My code samples don’t need parameters ,and honestly having them would complicate giving the presentation, so this is a good thing. You could use this same approach to invoke methods with parameters, but you’d have a couple of things to figure out. When you invoke a .NET application from the command line, Windows will parse the arguments and pass them in as a string array (called ‘args’ in the boilerplate console project Program.cs). The parsing that gets done here is smart enough to deal with things like treating strings in double quotes as one argument, and you’d have to re-create that within your infinite loop if you wanted to use parameters. I plan on either submitting a pull request to CLAP to add this capability or maybe just making a small utility class/extension method to do it and posting that here in the future. So I now have a simple class with static methods to contain my code samples, and an infinite loop in my ‘main’ method that can accept text commands. Wiring this all up together is pretty easy: 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: do 4: { 5: try 6: { 7: Console.Write("Enter command or 'exit' to quit: > "); 8: var command = Console.ReadLine(); 9: if ((command ?? string.Empty).Equals("exit", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) 10: { 11: Console.WriteLine("Quitting."); 12: break; 13: } 14:   15: Parser.Run<CodeSamples>(new[] { command }); 16: Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------------------------"); 17: } 18: catch (Exception ex) 19: { 20: Console.Error.WriteLine("Error: " + ex.Message); 21: } 22:   23: } while (true); 24: } Note that I’m now passing the ‘CodeSamples’ class into the CLAP ‘Parser.Run’ as a type argument. This tells CLAP to inspect that class for methods that might be able to handle the commands passed in. I’m also throwing in a little “----“ style line separator and some basic error handling (because I happen to know that some of the samples are going to throw exceptions for demonstration purposes) and I’m good to go. Now during my presentation I can just have the console application running the whole time with the debugger attached and just type in the alias of the code sample method that I want to run when I want to run it.

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  • Making a Case For The Command Line

    - by Jesse Taber
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/GruffCode/archive/2013/06/30/making-a-case-for-the-command-line.aspxI have had an idea percolating in the back of my mind for over a year now that I’ve just recently started to implement. This idea relates to building out “internal tools” to ease the maintenance and on-going support of a software system. The system that I currently work on is (mostly) web-based, so we traditionally we have built these internal tools in the form of pages within the app that are only accessible by our developers and support personnel. These pages allow us to perform tasks within the system that, for one reason or another, we don’t want to let our end users perform (e.g. mass create/update/delete operations on data, flipping switches that turn paid modules of the system on or off, etc). When we try to build new tools like this we often struggle with the level of effort required to build them. Effort Required Creating a whole new page in an existing web application can be a fairly large undertaking. You need to create the page and ensure it will have a layout that is consistent with the other pages in the app. You need to decide what types of input controls need to go onto the page. You need to ensure that everything uses the same style as the rest of the site. You need to figure out what the text on the page should say. Then, when you figure out that you forgot about an input that should really be present you might have to go back and re-work the entire thing. Oh, and in addition to all of that, you still have to, you know, write the code that actually performs the task. Everything other than the code that performs the task at hand is just overhead. We don’t need a fancy date picker control in a nicely styled page for the vast majority of our internal tools. We don’t even really need a page, for that matter. We just need a way to issue a command to the application and have it, in turn, execute the code that we’ve written to accomplish a given task. All we really need is a simple console application! Plumbing Problems A former co-worker of mine, John Sonmez, always advocated the Unix philosophy for building internal tools: start with something that runs at the command line, and then build a UI on top of that if you need to. John’s idea has a lot of merit, and we tried building out some internal tools as simple Console applications. Unfortunately, this was often easier said that done. Doing a “File –> New Project” to build out a tool for a mature system can be pretty daunting because that new project is totally empty.  In our case, the web application code had a lot of of “plumbing” built in: it managed authentication and authorization, it handled database connection management for our multi-tenanted architecture, it managed all of the context that needs to follow a user around the application such as their timezone and regional/language settings. In addition, the configuration file for the web application  (a web.config in our case because this is an ASP .NET application) is large and would need to be reproduced into a similar configuration file for a Console application. While most of these problems are could be solved pretty easily with some refactoring of the codebase, building Console applications for internal tools still potentially suffers from one pretty big drawback: you’d have to execute them on a machine with network access to all of the needed resources. Obviously, our web servers can easily communicate the the database servers and can publish messages to our service bus, but the same is not true for all of our developer and support personnel workstations. We could have everyone run these tools remotely via RDP or SSH, but that’s a bit cumbersome and certainly a lot less convenient than having the tools built into the web application that is so easily accessible. Mix and Match So we need a way to build tools that are easily accessible via the web application but also don’t require the overhead of creating a user interface. This is where my idea comes into play: why not just build a command line interface into the web application? If it’s part of the web application we get all of the plumbing that comes along with that code, and we’re executing everything on the web servers which means we’ll have access to any external resources that we might need. Rather than having to incur the overhead of creating a brand new page for each tool that we want to build, we can create one new page that simply accepts a command in text form and executes it as a request on the web server. In this way, we can focus on writing the code to accomplish the task. If the tool ends up being heavily used, then (and only then) should we consider spending the time to build a better user experience around it. To be clear, I’m not trying to downplay the importance of building great user experiences into your system; we should all strive to provide the best UX possible to our end users. I’m only advocating this sort of bare-bones interface for internal consumption by the technical staff that builds and supports the software. This command line interface should be the “back end” to a highly polished and eye-pleasing public face. Implementation As I mentioned at the beginning of this post, this is an idea that I’ve had for awhile but have only recently started building out. I’ve outlined some general guidelines and design goals for this effort as follows: Text in, text out: In the interest of keeping things as simple as possible, I want this interface to be purely text-based. Users will submit commands as plain text, and the application will provide responses in plain text. Obviously this text will be “wrapped” within the context of HTTP requests and responses, but I don’t want to have to think about HTML or CSS when taking input from the user or displaying responses back to the user. Task-oriented code only: After building the initial “harness” for this interface, the only code that should need to be written to create a new internal tool should be code that is expressly needed to accomplish the task that the tool is intended to support. If we want to encourage and enable ourselves to build good tooling, we need to lower the barriers to entry as much as possible. Built-in documentation: One of the great things about most command line utilities is the ‘help’ switch that provides usage guidelines and details about the arguments that the utility accepts. Our web-based command line utility should allow us to build the documentation for these tools directly into the code of the tools themselves. I finally started trying to implement this idea when I heard about a fantastic open-source library called CLAP (Command Line Auto Parser) that lets me meet the guidelines outlined above. CLAP lets you define classes with public methods that can be easily invoked from the command line. Here’s a quick example of the code that would be needed to create a new tool to do something within your system: 1: public class CustomerTools 2: { 3: [Verb] 4: public void UpdateName(int customerId, string firstName, string lastName) 5: { 6: //invoke internal services/domain objects/hwatever to perform update 7: } 8: } This is just a regular class with a single public method (though you could have as many methods as you want). The method is decorated with the ‘Verb’ attribute that tells the CLAP library that it is a method that can be invoked from the command line. Here is how you would invoke that code: Parser.Run(args, new CustomerTools()); Note that ‘args’ is just a string[] that would normally be passed passed in from the static Main method of a Console application. Also, CLAP allows you to pass in multiple classes that define [Verb] methods so you can opt to organize the code that CLAP will invoke in any way that you like. You can invoke this code from a command line application like this: SomeExe UpdateName -customerId:123 -firstName:Jesse -lastName:Taber ‘SomeExe’ in this example just represents the name of .exe that is would be created from our Console application. CLAP then interprets the arguments passed in order to find the method that should be invoked and automatically parses out the parameters that need to be passed in. After a quick spike, I’ve found that invoking the ‘Parser’ class can be done from within the context of a web application just as easily as it can from within the ‘Main’ method entry point of a Console application. There are, however, a few sticking points that I’m working around: Splitting arguments into the ‘args’ array like the command line: When you invoke a standard .NET console application you get the arguments that were passed in by the user split into a handy array (this is the ‘args’ parameter referenced above). Generally speaking they get split by whitespace, but it’s also clever enough to handle things like ignoring whitespace in a phrase that is surrounded by quotes. We’ll need to re-create this logic within our web application so that we can give the ‘args’ value to CLAP just like a console application would. Providing a response to the user: If you were writing a console application, you might just use Console.WriteLine to provide responses to the user as to the progress and eventual outcome of the command. We can’t use Console.WriteLine within a web application, so I’ll need to find another way to provide feedback to the user. Preferably this approach would allow me to use the same handler classes from both a Console application and a web application, so some kind of strategy pattern will likely emerge from this effort. Submitting files: Often an internal tool needs to support doing some kind of operation in bulk, and the easiest way to submit the data needed to support the bulk operation is in a file. Getting the file uploaded and available to the CLAP handler classes will take a little bit of effort. Mimicking the console experience: This isn’t really a requirement so much as a “nice to have”. To start out, the command-line interface in the web application will probably be a single ‘textarea’ control with a button to submit the contents to a handler that will pass it along to CLAP to be parsed and run. I think it would be interesting to use some javascript and CSS trickery to change that page into something with more of a “shell” interface look and feel. I’ll be blogging more about this effort in the future and will include some code snippets (or maybe even a full blown example app) as I progress. I also think that I’ll probably end up either submitting some pull requests to the CLAP project or possibly forking/wrapping it into a more web-friendly package and open sourcing that.

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