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• if else query in mysql

  - by user222585

  i need an example of nested if-else condition in mysql query

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• refactor this javascript code

  - by nathanvda

  I have two click-events, that are nearly similar, but not quite. I am wondering how to refactor them best: $('.remove_fields.dynamic').live('click', function(e) { var $this = $(this); var after_removal_trigger_node = $this.closest(".nested-fields").parent(); trigger_removal_callback($this); e.preventDefault(); $this.closest(".nested-fields").remove(); trigger_after_removal_callback(after_removal_trigger_node); }); $('.remove_fields.existing').live('click', function(e) { var $this = $(this); var after_removal_trigger_node = $this.closest(".nested-fields").parent(); trigger_removal_callback($this); e.preventDefault(); $this.prev("input[type=hidden]").val("1"); $this.closest(".nested-fields").hide(); trigger_after_removal_callback(after_removal_trigger_node); }); As you can tell there is a fair bit of overlap. I am wondering what the best/nicest way would be to refactor this code.

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• November EPM Patch Set Updates released

  - by p.anda

  (in via Greg) Greg has provided us an updated listing of current patches for the EPM system.  These follow on from our previous Blog post last month in October [link]. 17320505 - Oracle Hyperion Reporting and Analysis for Foundation - PSU 11.1.2.1.136 17413112 - Oracle Hyperion Planning, Fusion Edition - PSU 11.1.2.2.30516345450 - Oracle Hyperion Reporting and Analysis for Financial Reporting - PSU 11.1.2.1.134 17609530 - Hyperion Essbase RTC - PSU 11.1.2.3.00317609535 - Hyperion Essbase Server - PSU 11.1.2.3.00317609533 - Hyperion Essbase Client - PSU 11.1.2.3.00317609539 - Hyperion Essbase Client MSI - PSU 11.1.2.3.00317609518 - Hyperion Essbase Administration Services Server - PSU 11.1.2.3.00317609497 - Hyperion Essbase Administration Services Console MSI - PSU 11.1.2.3.00317609493 - Hyperion Analytic Provider Services - PSU 11.1.2.3.00316692973 - Oracle Hyperion Enterprise Performance Management - PSU 11.1.2.2.30116984944 - Oracle Hyperion Financial Close Management - PSU 11.1.2.2.35216989110 - Oracle Hyperion Financial Close Management - PSU 11.1.2.3.10017636270 - Hyperion Strategic Finance - PSU 11.1.2.1.103 Be sure to review the related Readme files available per Patch Set Update.  These describe the defects fixed and/or updates included along with requirements and instructions for applying the patch. To access simply click on the "Read Me" button when accessing the PSU via My Oracle Support | Patches & Updates. At any time to see listing of the latest Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) Patch Sets and Patch Set Updates for the current releases visit: Doc ID 1400559.1 - Available Patch Sets and Patch Set Updates for Oracle Hyperion EPM Products Doc ID 1525518.1 - Available Patch Sets and Patch Set Updates for Oracle Crystal Ball, DRM, FCM, HPCM and HSF For OBIEE keep up to-date with the latest Patches and Patch Set Updates by visiting: Doc ID 1488475.1 - OBIEE 11g: Required and Recommended Patches and Patch Sets

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• How do I implement SkyBox in xna 4.0 Reach Profile (for Windows Phone 7)?

  - by Biny

  I'm trying to Implement SkyBox in my phone game. Most of the samples in the web are for HiDef profile, and they are using custom effects (that not supported on Windows Phone). I've tried to follow this guide. But for some reason my SkyBox is not rendered. This is my SkyBox class: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Rocuna.Core; using Rocuna.GameEngine.Graphics; using Rocuna.GameEngine.Graphics.Components; namespace Rocuna.GameEngine.Extension.WP7.Graphics { /// <summary> /// Sky box element for phone games. /// </summary> public class SkyBox : SkyBoxBase { /// <summary> /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SkyBoxBase"/> class. /// </summary> /// <param name="game">The Game that the game component should be attached to.</param> public SkyBox(TextureCube cube, Game game) : base(game) { Cube = cube; CubeFaces = new Texture2D[6]; PositionOffset = new Vector3(20, 20, 20); CreateGraphic(512); StripTexturesFromCube(); InitializeData(Game.GraphicsDevice); } #region Properties /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the position offset. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The position offset. /// </value> public Vector3 PositionOffset { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the position. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The position. /// </value> public Vector3 Position { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the cube. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The cube. /// </value> public TextureCube Cube { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the pixel array. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The pixel array. /// </value> public Color[] PixelArray { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the cube faces. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The cube faces. /// </value> public Texture2D[] CubeFaces { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the vertex buffer. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The vertex buffer. /// </value> public VertexBuffer VertexBuffer { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the index buffer. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The index buffer. /// </value> public IndexBuffer IndexBuffer { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the effect. /// </summary> /// <value> /// The effect. /// </value> public BasicEffect Effect { get; set; } #endregion protected override void LoadContent() { } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { var camera = Game.GetService<GraphicManager>().CurrentCamera; this.Position = camera.Position + PositionOffset; base.Update(gameTime); } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { DrawOrder = int.MaxValue; var graphics = Effect.GraphicsDevice; graphics.DepthStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { DepthBufferEnable = false }; graphics.RasterizerState = new RasterizerState() { CullMode = CullMode.None }; graphics.BlendState = new BlendState(); graphics.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.AnisotropicClamp; graphics.SetVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer); graphics.Indices = IndexBuffer; Effect.Texture = CubeFaces[0]; Effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); graphics.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, _vertices.Count, 0, 2); Effect.Texture = CubeFaces[1]; Effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); graphics.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, _vertices.Count, 6, 2); Effect.Texture = CubeFaces[2]; Effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); graphics.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, _vertices.Count, 12, 2); Effect.Texture = CubeFaces[3]; Effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); graphics.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, _vertices.Count, 18, 2); Effect.Texture = CubeFaces[4]; Effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); graphics.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, _vertices.Count, 24, 2); Effect.Texture = CubeFaces[5]; Effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); graphics.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, _vertices.Count, 30, 2); base.Draw(gameTime); } #region Fields private List<VertexPositionNormalTexture> _vertices = new List<VertexPositionNormalTexture>(); private List<ushort> _indices = new List<ushort>(); #endregion #region Private methods private void InitializeData(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { VertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(graphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionNormalTexture), _vertices.Count, BufferUsage.None); VertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture>(_vertices.ToArray()); // Create an index buffer, and copy our index data into it. IndexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(graphicsDevice, typeof(ushort), _indices.Count, BufferUsage.None); IndexBuffer.SetData<ushort>(_indices.ToArray()); // Create a BasicEffect, which will be used to render the primitive. Effect = new BasicEffect(graphicsDevice); Effect.TextureEnabled = true; Effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } private void CreateGraphic(float size) { Vector3[] normals = { Vector3.Right, Vector3.Left, Vector3.Up, Vector3.Down, Vector3.Backward, Vector3.Forward, }; Vector2[] textureCoordinates = { Vector2.One, Vector2.UnitY, Vector2.Zero, Vector2.UnitX, Vector2.Zero, Vector2.UnitX, Vector2.One, Vector2.UnitY, Vector2.Zero, Vector2.UnitX, Vector2.One, Vector2.UnitY, Vector2.Zero, Vector2.UnitX, Vector2.One, Vector2.UnitY, Vector2.UnitY, Vector2.Zero, Vector2.UnitX, Vector2.One, Vector2.UnitY, Vector2.Zero, Vector2.UnitX, Vector2.One, }; var index = 0; foreach (var normal in normals) { var side1 = new Vector3(normal.Z, normal.X, normal.Y); var side2 = Vector3.Cross(normal, side1); AddIndex(CurrentVertex + 0); AddIndex(CurrentVertex + 1); AddIndex(CurrentVertex + 2); AddIndex(CurrentVertex + 0); AddIndex(CurrentVertex + 2); AddIndex(CurrentVertex + 3); AddVertex((normal - side1 - side2) * size / 2, normal, textureCoordinates[index++]); AddVertex((normal - side1 + side2) * size / 2, normal, textureCoordinates[index++]); AddVertex((normal + side1 + side2) * size / 2, normal, textureCoordinates[index++]); AddVertex((normal + side1 - side2) * size / 2, normal, textureCoordinates[index++]); } } protected void StripTexturesFromCube() { PixelArray = new Color[Cube.Size * Cube.Size]; for (int s = 0; s < CubeFaces.Length; s++) { CubeFaces[s] = new Texture2D(Game.GraphicsDevice, Cube.Size, Cube.Size, false, SurfaceFormat.Color); switch (s) { case 0: Cube.GetData<Color>(CubeMapFace.PositiveX, PixelArray); CubeFaces[s].SetData<Color>(PixelArray); break; case 1: Cube.GetData(CubeMapFace.NegativeX, PixelArray); CubeFaces[s].SetData(PixelArray); break; case 2: Cube.GetData(CubeMapFace.PositiveY, PixelArray); CubeFaces[s].SetData(PixelArray); break; case 3: Cube.GetData(CubeMapFace.NegativeY, PixelArray); CubeFaces[s].SetData(PixelArray); break; case 4: Cube.GetData(CubeMapFace.PositiveZ, PixelArray); CubeFaces[s].SetData(PixelArray); break; case 5: Cube.GetData(CubeMapFace.NegativeZ, PixelArray); CubeFaces[s].SetData(PixelArray); break; } } } protected void AddVertex(Vector3 position, Vector3 normal, Vector2 textureCoordinates) { _vertices.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(position, normal, textureCoordinates)); } protected void AddIndex(int index) { if (index > ushort.MaxValue) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); _indices.Add((ushort)index); } protected int CurrentVertex { get { return _vertices.Count; } } #endregion } }

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• Fetching value from collection

  - by user334119

  public string GetProductVariantImageUrl(ShoppingCartItem shoppingCartItem) { string pictureUrl = String.Empty; ProductVariant productVariant = shoppingCartItem.ProductVariant; ProductVariantAttributeValueCollection pvaValues = shoppingCartItem.Attributes; [here the count comes 0]{case1} } public string GetAttributeDescription(ShoppingCartItem shoppingCartItem) { string result = string.Empty; ProductVariant productVariant = shoppingCartItem.ProductVariant; if (productVariant != null) { ProductVariantAttributeValueCollection pvaValues = shoppingCartItem.Attributes;[here count is 1] } } WHY am i not able to get count as 1 for the case1. /// <summary> /// Represents a shopping cart item /// </summary> public class ShoppingCartItem : BaseEntity { #region Fields private ProductVariant _cachedProductVariant; private ProductVariantAttributeValueCollection _cachedPvaValues; #endregion #region Ctor /// <summary> /// Creates a new instance of the shopping cart class /// </summary> public ShoppingCartItem() { } #endregion #region Properties /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the shopping cart item identifier /// </summary> public int ShoppingCartItemID { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the shopping cart type identifier /// </summary> public int ShoppingCartTypeID { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the customer session identifier /// </summary> public Guid CustomerSessionGUID { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the product variant identifier /// </summary> public int ProductVariantID { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the product variant attribute identifiers /// </summary> public List<int> AttributeIDs { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the text option /// </summary> public string TextOption { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the quantity /// </summary> public int Quantity { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the date and time of instance creation /// </summary> public DateTime CreatedOn { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the date and time of instance update /// </summary> public DateTime UpdatedOn { get; set; } #endregion #region Custom Properties /// <summary> /// Gets the log type /// </summary> public ShoppingCartTypeEnum ShoppingCartType { get { return (ShoppingCartTypeEnum)ShoppingCartTypeID; } } /// <summary> /// Gets the product variant /// </summary> public ProductVariant ProductVariant { get { if (_cachedProductVariant == null) { _cachedProductVariant = ProductManager.GetProductVariantByID(ProductVariantID); } return _cachedProductVariant; } } /// <summary> /// Gets the product variant attribute values /// </summary> public ProductVariantAttributeValueCollection Attributes { get { if (_cachedPvaValues == null) { ProductVariantAttributeValueCollection pvaValues = new ProductVariantAttributeValueCollection(); foreach (int attributeID in this.AttributeIDs) { ProductVariantAttributeValue pvaValue = ProductAttributeManager.GetProductVariantAttributeValueByID(attributeID); if (pvaValue != null) pvaValues.Add(pvaValue); } _cachedPvaValues = pvaValues; } return _cachedPvaValues; } } /// <summary> /// Gets the total weight /// </summary> public decimal TotalWeigth { get { decimal totalWeigth = decimal.Zero; ProductVariant productVariant = ProductVariant; if (productVariant != null) { decimal attributesTotalWeight = decimal.Zero; foreach (ProductVariantAttributeValue pvaValue in this.Attributes) { attributesTotalWeight += pvaValue.WeightAdjustment; } decimal unitWeight = productVariant.Weight + attributesTotalWeight; totalWeigth = unitWeight * Quantity; } return totalWeigth; } } /// <summary> /// Gets a value indicating whether the shopping cart item is free shipping /// </summary> public bool IsFreeShipping { get { ProductVariant productVariant = this.ProductVariant; if (productVariant != null) return productVariant.IsFreeShipping; return true; } }

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• Triggers, Service Broker, CDC or Change Tracking?

  - by Derek D.

  When one trigger inserts into a table and that table also contains a trigger, this is a “nested trigger”. The reason that nested triggers are a concern is because the first call that performs the initial insert does not return until the last trigger in sequence is complete. In trying to circumvent this [...]

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• How can a code editor effectively hint at code nesting level - without using indentation?

  - by pgfearo

  I've written an XML text editor that provides 2 view options for the same XML text, one indented (virtually), the other left-justified. The motivation for the left-justified view is to help users 'see' the whitespace characters they're using for indentation of plain-text or XPath code without interference from indentation that is an automated side-effect of the XML context. I want to provide visual clues (in the non-editable part of the editor) for the left-justified mode that will help the user, but without getting too elaborate. I tried just using connecting lines, but that seemed too busy. The best I've come up with so far is shown in a mocked up screenshot of the editor below, but I'm seeking better/simpler alternatives (that don't require too much code). [Edit] Taking the heatmap idea (from: @jimp) I get this and 3 alternatives - labelled a, b and c: The following section describes the accepted answer as a proposal, bringing together ideas from a number of other answers and comments. As this question is now community wiki, please feel free to update this. NestView The name for this idea which provides a visual method to improve the readability of nested code without using indentation. Contour Lines The name for the differently shaded lines within the NestView The image above shows the NestView used to help visualise an XML snippet. Though XML is used for this illustration, any other code syntax that uses nesting could have been used for this illustration. An Overview: The contour lines are shaded (as in a heatmap) to convey nesting level The contour lines are angled to show when a nesting level is being either opened or closed. A contour line links the start of a nesting level to the corresponding end. The combined width of contour lines give a visual impression of nesting level, in addition to the heatmap. The width of the NestView may be manually resizable, but should not change as the code changes. Contour lines can either be compressed or truncated to keep acheive this. Blank lines are sometimes used code to break up text into more digestable chunks. Such lines could trigger special behaviour in the NestView. For example the heatmap could be reset or a background color contour line used, or both. One or more contour lines associated with the currently selected code can be highlighted. The contour line associated with the selected code level would be emphasized the most, but other contour lines could also 'light up' in addition to help highlight the containing nested group Different behaviors (such as code folding or code selection) can be associated with clicking/double-clicking on a Contour Line. Different parts of a contour line (leading, middle or trailing edge) may have different dynamic behaviors associated. Tooltips can be shown on a mouse hover event over a contour line The NestView is updated continously as the code is edited. Where nesting is not well-balanced assumptions can be made where the nesting level should end, but the associated temporary contour lines must be highlighted in some way as a warning. Drag and drop behaviors of Contour Lines can be supported. Behaviour may vary according to the part of the contour line being dragged. Features commonly found in the left margin such as line numbering and colour highlighting for errors and change state could overlay the NestView. Additional Functionality The proposal addresses a range of additional issues - many are outside the scope of the original question, but a useful side-effect. Visually linking the start and end of a nested region The contour lines connect the start and end of each nested level Highlighting the context of the currently selected line As code is selected, the associated nest-level in the NestView can be highlighted Differentiating between code regions at the same nesting level In the case of XML different hues could be used for different namespaces. Programming languages (such as c#) support named regions that could be used in a similar way. Dividing areas within a nesting area into different visual blocks Extra lines are often inserted into code to aid readability. Such empty lines could be used to reset the saturation level of the NestView's contour lines. Multi-Column Code View Code without indentation makes the use of a multi-column view more effective because word-wrap or horizontal scrolling is less likely to be required. In this view, once code has reach the bottom of one column, it flows into the next one: Usage beyond merely providing a visual aid As proposed in the overview, the NestView could provide a range of editing and selection features which would be broadly in line with what is expected from a TreeView control. The key difference is that a typical TreeView node has 2 parts: an expander and the node icon. A NestView contour line can have as many as 3 parts: an opener (sloping), a connector (vertical) and a close (sloping). On Indentation The NestView presented alongside non-indented code complements, but is unlikely to replace, the conventional indented code view. It's likely that any solutions adopting a NestView, will provide a method to switch seamlessly between indented and non-indented code views without affecting any of the code text itself - including whitespace characters. One technique for the indented view would be 'Virtual Formatting' - where a dynamic left-margin is used in lieu of tab or space characters. The same nesting-level data used to dynamically render the NestView could also used for the more conventional-looking indented view. Printing Indentation will be important for the readability of printed code. Here, the absence of tab/space characters and a dynamic left-margin means that the text can wrap at the right-margin and still maintain the integrity of the indented view. Line numbers can be used as visual markers that indicate where code is word-wrapped and also the exact position of indentation: Screen Real-Estate: Flat Vs Indented Addressing the question of whether the NestView uses up valuable screen real-estate: Contour lines work well with a width the same as the code editor's character width. A NestView width of 12 character widths can therefore accommodate 12 levels of nesting before contour lines are truncated/compressed. If an indented view uses 3 character-widths for each nesting level then space is saved until nesting reaches 4 levels of nesting, after this nesting level the flat view has a space-saving advantage that increases with each nesting level. Note: A minimum indentation of 4 character widths is often recommended for code, however XML often manages with less. Also, Virtual Formatting permits less indentation to be used because there's no risk of alignment issues A comparison of the 2 views is shown below: Based on the above, its probably fair to conclude that view style choice will be based on factors other than screen real-estate. The one exception is where screen space is at a premium, for example on a Netbook/Tablet or when multiple code windows are open. In these cases, the resizable NestView would seem to be a clear winner. Use Cases Examples of real-world examples where NestView may be a useful option: Where screen real-estate is at a premium a. On devices such as tablets, notepads and smartphones b. When showing code on websites c. When multiple code windows need to be visible on the desktop simultaneously Where consistent whitespace indentation of text within code is a priority For reviewing deeply nested code. For example where sub-languages (e.g. Linq in C# or XPath in XSLT) might cause high levels of nesting. Accessibility Resizing and color options must be provided to aid those with visual impairments, and also to suit environmental conditions and personal preferences: Compatability of edited code with other systems A solution incorporating a NestView option should ideally be capable of stripping leading tab and space characters (identified as only having a formatting role) from imported code. Then, once stripped, the code could be rendered neatly in both the left-justified and indented views without change. For many users relying on systems such as merging and diff tools that are not whitespace-aware this will be a major concern (if not a complete show-stopper). Other Works: Visualisation of Overlapping Markup Published research by Wendell Piez, dated from 2004, addresses the issue of the visualisation of overlapping markup, specifically LMNL. This includes SVG graphics with significant similarities to the NestView proposal, as such, they are acknowledged here. The visual differences are clear in the images (below), the key functional distinction is that NestView is intended only for well-nested XML or code, whereas Wendell Piez's graphics are designed to represent overlapped nesting. The graphics above were reproduced - with kind permission - from http://www.piez.org Sources: Towards Hermenutic Markup Half-steps toward LMNL

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• Why CoffeeScript is tough to maintain

  - by Renso

  I recently started trying out CoffeeScript only to find out that it caused more headaches. The abstraction level of jQuery was perfect, it did not dictate to coders how to design their code, it just works. However, I recently posted a request to the CoffeeScript team to consider introducing curly braces to help with more complex code to control the flow of logic. For example a if-then-else with many nested levels can be near impossible to debug without tracing through it when using CoffeeScript. Also with IDEs like Visual Studio, regular JavaScript intellicense and auto-formatting make it easy to appropriate indent nested levels without any work on the part of the developer and reading it is not that hard, especially with some extensions that show vertical lines in the code editor to help see what is nested within what part of the code.However with CoffeeScript that is not the case. The samples given in the CoffeeScript web site are of course just simple examples to explain the features and one gets excited pretty quick over the powerful shortcuts. I tried to convert a piece of JavaScript over to CoffeeScript and gave up since you need to first of all remove ALL non CoffeeScript coding constructs for it to even compile. However js2coffee can help with that. However to keep track of nested levels became something that was simply not manageable using CoffeeScript.Furthermore, any coding language that controls the flow of logic by indentation is extremely dangerous for obvious reasons. I liked CoffeeScript a lot, but the fact that the logical flow of the code is controlled by how much you indent code, spaces or tabs, is not reliable as there is no way the programmer has an easy way of knowing what parts of the code will get hit when the code spans a page.When I suggested introducing curly braces in CoffeeScript the team, one contributor advised me that my code needs to be re-designed! Needless to say that is absurd. When I included a piece of the code he asked my if it was legacy code. It's like saying to a Java programmer, sorry you cannot use Java because we don't agree with how you write your code.jashkenas from the CoffeeScript blog gave some great suggestions and made the point that introducing curly braces would be very problematic for them as they use them to denote objects. Makes sense, but I would still love to see some way to replace code flow control with spaces and indentation to something more concrete and human readable.

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• What are good sites that provide free media resources for hobby game development?

  - by m_oLogin

  (Note : This question is being transfered from stackoverflow to gamedev.stackexchange where it belongs) I really suck at graphics / music / 3D modeling / animation and it's a must-have when you have a hundred hobby game development projects you're working on. I'm looking for different quality sources on the web that provide free resources. [EDIT] Some resources given by the answers, in bold the biggest resource per section: MODELS TurboSquid archive3d 3Dvia Google Sketchup ShareCG SPRITES OpenGameArt (also contains textures and 3D models) LostGarden (a couple of isometric tilesets) The Protagonist Domain (2 sprite sets) Reiner's Tilesets (also contains a couple of 3D models) Flying Yogi (3 sprite sets) Has Graphics (a couple of links to tile sets) ANIMATED SPRITES The Spriters Resource (mostly sprites from released games) CLIPART / VECTOR BASED Clker OpenClipArt PHOTOS EveryStockPhoto TEXTURES CG Textures OpenFrag MUSIC Jamendo OpSound SOUND EFFECTS FreeSound StoneWashed MySoundFx OTHER PRECOMPILED LISTS FreeGameDev.net

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• Fast set indexing data structure for superset retrieval

  - by Asterios

  I am given a set of sets: {{a,b}, {a,b,c}, {a,c}, {a,c,f}} I would like to have a data structure to index those sets such that the following "lookup" is executed fast: find all supersets of a given set. For example, given the set {a,c} the structure would return {{a,b,c}, {a,c,f}, {a,c}} but not {a,b}. Any suggestions? Could this be done with a smart trie-like data structure storing sets after a proper sorting? This data structures is going to be queried a lot. Thus, I'm searching for a structure that might be expensive in build but rather fast to query.

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• Modify cmd.exe properties using the command prompt

  - by CodexArcanum

  Isn't that nicely recursive? I've got a portable command prompt on my external drive, and it has a nice .bat file to configure some initial settings, but I'd like more! Here's what I know how to set from .bat: Colors = (color XY) where x and y are hex digits for the predefined colors Prompt = (prompt $p$g) sets the prompt to "C:\etc\etc " the default prompt Title = (title "text") sets the window title to "text" Screen Size = (mode con: cols=XX lines=YY) sets the columns and lines size of the window Path = (SET PATH=%~d0\bin;%PATH%) sets up local path to my tools and appends the computer's path So that's all great. But there are a few settings I can't seem to set from the bat. Like, how would I set these up wihtout using the Properties dialogue: Buffer = not screen size, but the buffer Options like quick edit mode and autocomplete Popup colors Font. And can you use a font on the portable drive, or must it be installed to work? Command history options

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• how to get default character set in windows and linux

  - by Anand

  How is it possible to get the default character sets in WIN XP and Linux

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• Can't get my head arround background workers in c#

  - by Connel

  I have wrote an application that syncs two folders together. The problem with the program is that it stops responding whilst copying files. A quick search of stack-overflow told me I need to use something called a background worker. I have read a few pages on the net about this but find it really hard to understand as I'm pretty new to programming. Below is the code for my application - how can I simply put all of the File.Copy(....) commands into their own background worker (if that's even how it works)? Below is the code for the button click event that runs the sub procedure and the sub procedure I wish to use a background worker on all the File.Copy lines. Button event: protected virtual void OnBtnSyncClicked (object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //sets running boolean to true booRunning=true; //sets progress bar to 0 prgProgressBar.Fraction = 0; //resets values used by progressbar dblCurrentStatus = 0; dblFolderSize = 0; //tests if user has entered the same folder for both target and destination if (fchDestination.CurrentFolder == fchTarget.CurrentFolder) { //creates message box MessageDialog msdSame = new MessageDialog(this, DialogFlags.Modal, MessageType.Error, ButtonsType.Close, "You cannot sync two folders that are the same"); //sets message box title msdSame.Title="Error"; //sets respone type ResponseType response = (ResponseType) msdSame.Run(); //if user clicks on close button or closes window then close message box if (response == ResponseType.Close || response == ResponseType.DeleteEvent) { msdSame.Destroy(); } return; } //tests if user has entered a target folder that is an extension of the destination folder // or if user has entered a desatination folder that is an extension of the target folder if (fchTarget.CurrentFolder.StartsWith(fchDestination.CurrentFolder) || fchDestination.CurrentFolder.StartsWith(fchTarget.CurrentFolder)) { //creates message box MessageDialog msdContains = new MessageDialog(this, DialogFlags.Modal, MessageType.Error, ButtonsType.Close, "You cannot sync a folder with one of its parent folders"); //sets message box title msdContains.Title="Error"; //sets respone type and runs message box ResponseType response = (ResponseType) msdContains.Run(); //if user clicks on close button or closes window then close message box if (response == ResponseType.Close || response == ResponseType.DeleteEvent) { msdContains.Destroy(); } return; } //gets folder size of target folder FileSizeOfTarget(fchTarget.CurrentFolder); //gets folder size of destination folder FileSizeOfDestination(fchDestination.CurrentFolder); //runs SyncTarget procedure SyncTarget(fchTarget.CurrentFolder); //runs SyncDestination procedure SyncDestination(fchDestination.CurrentFolder); //informs user process is complete prgProgressBar.Text = "Finished"; //sets running bool to false booRunning = false; } Sync sub-procedure: protected void SyncTarget (string strCurrentDirectory) { //string array of all the directories in directory string[] staAllDirectories = Directory.GetDirectories(strCurrentDirectory); //string array of all the files in directory string[] staAllFiles = Directory.GetFiles(strCurrentDirectory); //loop over each file in directory foreach (string strFile in staAllFiles) { //string of just the file's name and not its path string strFileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(strFile); //string containing directory in target folder string strDirectoryInsideTarget = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(strFile).Substring(fchTarget.CurrentFolder.Length); //inform user as to what file is being copied prgProgressBar.Text="Syncing " + strFile; //tests if file does not exist in destination folder if (!File.Exists(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName)) { //if file does not exist copy it to destination folder, the true below means overwrite if file already exists File.Copy (strFile, fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName, true); } //tests if file does exist in destination folder if (File.Exists(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName)) { //long (number) that contains date of last write time of target file long lngTargetFileDate = File.GetLastWriteTime(strFile).ToFileTime(); //long (number) that contains date of last write time of destination file long lngDestinationFileDate = File.GetLastWriteTime(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName).ToFileTime(); //tests if target file is newer than destination file if (lngTargetFileDate > lngDestinationFileDate) { //if it is newer then copy file from target folder to destination folder File.Copy (strFile, fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName, true); } } //gets current file size FileInfo FileSize = new FileInfo(strFile); //sets file's filesize to dblCurrentStatus and adds it to current total of files dblCurrentStatus = dblCurrentStatus + FileSize.Length; double dblPercentage = dblCurrentStatus/dblFolderSize; prgProgressBar.Fraction = dblPercentage; } //loop over each folder in target folder foreach (string strDirectory in staAllDirectories) { //string containing directories inside target folder but not any higher directories string strDirectoryInsideTarget = strDirectory.Substring(fchTarget.CurrentFolder.Length); //tests if directory does not exist inside destination folder if (!Directory.Exists(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget)) { //it directory does not exisit create it Directory.CreateDirectory(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget); } //run sync on all files in directory SyncTarget(strDirectory); } } Any help will be greatly appreciated as after this the program will pretty much be finished :D

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• Can't get my head around background workers in .NET

  - by Connel

  I have wrote an application that syncs two folders together. The problem with the program is that it stops responding whilst copying files. A quick search of stack-overflow told me I need to use something called a background worker. I have read a few pages on the net about this but find it really hard to understand as I'm pretty new to programming. Below is the code for my application - how can I simply put all of the File.Copy(....) commands into their own background worker (if that's even how it works)? Below is the code for the button click event that runs the sub procedure and the sub procedure I wish to use a background worker on all the File.Copy lines. Button event: protected virtual void OnBtnSyncClicked (object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //sets running boolean to true booRunning=true; //sets progress bar to 0 prgProgressBar.Fraction = 0; //resets values used by progressbar dblCurrentStatus = 0; dblFolderSize = 0; //tests if user has entered the same folder for both target and destination if (fchDestination.CurrentFolder == fchTarget.CurrentFolder) { //creates message box MessageDialog msdSame = new MessageDialog(this, DialogFlags.Modal, MessageType.Error, ButtonsType.Close, "You cannot sync two folders that are the same"); //sets message box title msdSame.Title="Error"; //sets respone type ResponseType response = (ResponseType) msdSame.Run(); //if user clicks on close button or closes window then close message box if (response == ResponseType.Close || response == ResponseType.DeleteEvent) { msdSame.Destroy(); } return; } //tests if user has entered a target folder that is an extension of the destination folder // or if user has entered a desatination folder that is an extension of the target folder if (fchTarget.CurrentFolder.StartsWith(fchDestination.CurrentFolder) || fchDestination.CurrentFolder.StartsWith(fchTarget.CurrentFolder)) { //creates message box MessageDialog msdContains = new MessageDialog(this, DialogFlags.Modal, MessageType.Error, ButtonsType.Close, "You cannot sync a folder with one of its parent folders"); //sets message box title msdContains.Title="Error"; //sets respone type and runs message box ResponseType response = (ResponseType) msdContains.Run(); //if user clicks on close button or closes window then close message box if (response == ResponseType.Close || response == ResponseType.DeleteEvent) { msdContains.Destroy(); } return; } //gets folder size of target folder FileSizeOfTarget(fchTarget.CurrentFolder); //gets folder size of destination folder FileSizeOfDestination(fchDestination.CurrentFolder); //runs SyncTarget procedure SyncTarget(fchTarget.CurrentFolder); //runs SyncDestination procedure SyncDestination(fchDestination.CurrentFolder); //informs user process is complete prgProgressBar.Text = "Finished"; //sets running bool to false booRunning = false; } Sync sub-procedure: protected void SyncTarget (string strCurrentDirectory) { //string array of all the directories in directory string[] staAllDirectories = Directory.GetDirectories(strCurrentDirectory); //string array of all the files in directory string[] staAllFiles = Directory.GetFiles(strCurrentDirectory); //loop over each file in directory foreach (string strFile in staAllFiles) { //string of just the file's name and not its path string strFileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(strFile); //string containing directory in target folder string strDirectoryInsideTarget = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(strFile).Substring(fchTarget.CurrentFolder.Length); //inform user as to what file is being copied prgProgressBar.Text="Syncing " + strFile; //tests if file does not exist in destination folder if (!File.Exists(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName)) { //if file does not exist copy it to destination folder, the true below means overwrite if file already exists File.Copy (strFile, fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName, true); } //tests if file does exist in destination folder if (File.Exists(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName)) { //long (number) that contains date of last write time of target file long lngTargetFileDate = File.GetLastWriteTime(strFile).ToFileTime(); //long (number) that contains date of last write time of destination file long lngDestinationFileDate = File.GetLastWriteTime(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName).ToFileTime(); //tests if target file is newer than destination file if (lngTargetFileDate > lngDestinationFileDate) { //if it is newer then copy file from target folder to destination folder File.Copy (strFile, fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget + "/" + strFileName, true); } } //gets current file size FileInfo FileSize = new FileInfo(strFile); //sets file's filesize to dblCurrentStatus and adds it to current total of files dblCurrentStatus = dblCurrentStatus + FileSize.Length; double dblPercentage = dblCurrentStatus/dblFolderSize; prgProgressBar.Fraction = dblPercentage; } //loop over each folder in target folder foreach (string strDirectory in staAllDirectories) { //string containing directories inside target folder but not any higher directories string strDirectoryInsideTarget = strDirectory.Substring(fchTarget.CurrentFolder.Length); //tests if directory does not exist inside destination folder if (!Directory.Exists(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget)) { //it directory does not exisit create it Directory.CreateDirectory(fchDestination.CurrentFolder + "/" + strDirectoryInsideTarget); } //run sync on all files in directory SyncTarget(strDirectory); } } Any help will be greatly appreciated as after this the program will pretty much be finished :D

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• Displaying timecode using NSTimer and NSDateFormatter

  - by Chris B

  Hi. I am very close to completing my first iphone app and it has been a joy. I am trying to add running timecode using the current time via an NSTimer displaying the current time (NSDate) on a UILabel. NSDate is working fine for me, showing hour, minute, second, milliseconds. But instead of milliseconds, I need to show 24 frames per second. The problem is that I need the frames per second to be synced 100% with the hour, minute and second, so I can't add the frames in a separate timer. I tried that and had it working but the frame timer was not running in sync with the date timer. Can anyone help me out with this? Is there a way to customize NSDateFormatter so that I can have a date timer formatted with 24 frames per second? Right now I'm limited to formatting just hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds. Here's the code I'm using right now -(void)runTimer { // This starts the timer which fires the displayCount method every 0.01 seconds runTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval: .01 target: self selector: @selector(displayCount) userInfo: nil repeats: YES]; } //This formats the timer using the current date and sets text on UILabels - (void)displayCount; { NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init] autorelease]; NSDate *date = [NSDate date]; // This will produce a time that looks like "12:15:07:75" using 4 separate labels // I could also have this on just one label but for now they are separated // This sets the Hour Label and formats it in hours [formatter setDateFormat:@"HH"]; [timecodeHourLabel setText:[formatter stringFromDate:date]]; // This sets the Minute Label and formats it in minutes [formatter setDateFormat:@"mm"]; [timecodeMinuteLabel setText:[formatter stringFromDate:date]]; // This sets the Second Label and formats it in seconds [formatter setDateFormat:@"ss"]; [timecodeSecondLabel setText:[formatter stringFromDate:date]]; //This sets the Frame Label and formats it in milliseconds //I need this to be 24 frames per second [formatter setDateFormat:@"SS"]; [timecodeFrameLabel setText:[formatter stringFromDate:date]]; }

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• How do you get Eclipse/Mylyn to fill out your commit messages for you?

  - by Sam Hasler

  I've setup the following: Installed Mylyn in Eclipse Installed the Bugzilla connector Installed Subversive SVN Integration for the Mylyn Project I've gone to Windows - Preferences - Tasks - Team and clicked Change Set Management and left it with the default Commit Comment Template: ${task.status} - ${connector.task.prefix} ${task.key}: ${task.description} ${task.url} However, if I activate a bugzilla bug in the Task List, and then edit a file, when I commit the changes the commit message isn't filled in. Also, in the Synchronisation perspective there isn't a change set for the task I'm working on. I've tried following the instructions on the Eclipse wiki's Mylyn FAQ for Why does task change set not appear when I modify files? but the bullet point: * Verify that the configured Synchronize View is configured for change sets. points to a section that is no longer in the document. I have a Show Change Sets button, but clicking it only shows me incoming change sets, there aren't any outgoing change sets. What am I missing?

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• Storing dynamic fields in Django forms

  - by hekevintran

  Django's form library has a feature of form sets that allow you to process dynamically added forms. For example you would use form sets if your application has a list of bookmarks you could use form sets to process multiple forms that each represent a bookmark. What about if you want to dynamically add a field to a form? An example would be a survey creation page where you can dynamically add an unlimited number of questions. How do you handle this in Django?

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• set map in google maps with TimerTask

  - by Chad White

  I would like to change the Position of the map in google maps v2 But Ive done it in a TimerTask ... target, zoom, bearing and so on and it says "IllegalStateException - not on the main thread What should I do? Any help? class Task extends TimerTask { @Override public void run() { CameraPosition cameraPosition = new CameraPosition.Builder() .target(Zt) // Sets the center of the map to Mountain View .zoom(12) // Sets the zoom .bearing(180) // Sets the orientation of the camera to east .tilt(30) // Sets the tilt of the camera to 30 degrees .build(); // Creates a CameraPosition from the builder mMap.moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newCameraPosition(cameraPosition)); } } Timer timer = new Timer(); timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Task(), 0, 20000);

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• Trying to create an image list based on what is defined as the order, and loosing

  - by user1691463

  I have a custom created module for Joomla 2.5 and within the params of the module, and have a loop that is not outputting as expected. I have the following parameters (fields) int he module: Order Thumb image Image Title Full-size image Now there are 10 sets of these group of 4 params. What I am trying to do is loop through each of the object sets, 10 of them, and on each iteration, build an HTML image list structure. The if statement is building the HTML structure for the sets that have an order value that is greater than 0, and the else is creating the html for those sets that do not have a value greater that 0. The goal is to create two variables and then concatenate the the strings together; the leading set are the sets that have an order defined. This is not happening and every thrid loop seems like it is missing. Here is the order as it is set in the 10 sets Set 1 = 0 Set 2 = 4 Set 3 = 1 Set 4 = 0 Set 5 = 5 Set 6 = 0 Set 7 = 0 Set 8 = 6 Set 9 = 3 Set 10 = 9 However, the outcomes is: 9 5 1 4 6 7 10 Instead of the expected: 3 9 2 5 8 1 (below here are those sets that were not greater than 0 in order of appearance) 4 6 7 whats wrong here that I can not see <?php for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) { $order = $params->get('order'.$i);#get order for main loop of 10 $active = ""; if ($order > 0) {#Check if greater than 0 for ($n = 1; $n <= 10; $n++) {#loop through all order fields looking and build html lowest to highest; $ordercheck =$params->get('order'.$n); if ($ordercheck == $i) { $img = $params->get('image'.$n); $fimage = $params->get('image'.$n.'fullimage'); $title = $params->get('image'.$n.'alttext'); $active = ""; $active = $active . '<li>'; $active = $active . '<a href="'.$fimage.'" rel="prettyPhoto[gallery1]" title="'.$title.'">'; $active = $active . '<img src="'.$img.'" alt="'.$title.'" />'; $active = $active . '</a>'; $active = $active . '</li>'; $leading = $leading . $active; } } } else { #if the itteration $order was not greater than 0, build in order of accourance $img = $params->get('image'.$i); $fimage = $params->get('image'.$i.'fullimage'); $title = $params->get('image'.$i.'alttext'); $active = $active . '<li>'; $active = $active . '<a href="'.$fimage.'" rel="prettyPhoto[gallery1]" title="'.$title.'">'; $active = $active . '<img src="'.$img.'" alt="'.$title.'" />'; $active = $active . '</a></li>'; $unordered = $unordered . $active; } $imagesList = $leading . $unordered; } ?>

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• Getting a drop down box value with javascript?

  - by ritch

  I'm trying to get the value currently selected and I simply want to alert it. I current have this: <script type="text/javascript"> alert(forms.elements('sets').value); </script> HTML: <form> <select name="sets"> <option value="1">1 Set</option> <option value="2">2 Sets</option> <option value="F">3 Sets</option> </select> </form>

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• Xen 4.2 on CentOs 6.3 : can't compile a libvirt 0.9.10 xen-activated?

  - by Frederic

  I followed that tutorial for Xen 4.2 on CentOs 6.3. http://www.howtoforge.com/virtualization-with-xen-on-centos-6.3-x86_64-paravirtualization-and-hardware-virtualization When building a new libvirt package with rpmbuild -bb libvirt.spec I get that error : CC libvirt_driver_libxl_la-libxl_conf.lo In file included from libxl/libxl_conf.c:43: libxl/libxl_conf.h:61: error: field 'ctx' has incomplete type libxl/libxl_conf.h:80: error: field 'ctx' has incomplete type libxl/libxl_conf.h:81: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'libxl_waiter' libxl/libxl_conf.c: In function 'libxlMakeDomCreateInfo': libxl/libxl_conf.c:365: warning: implicit declaration of function 'libxl_init_create_info' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] libxl/libxl_conf.c:365: warning: nested extern declaration of 'libxl_init_create_info' [-Wnested-externs] libxl/libxl_conf.c:367: error: 'libxl_domain_create_info' has no member named 'hvm' libxl/libxl_conf.c:383: warning: implicit declaration of function 'libxl_domain_create_info_destroy' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] libxl/libxl_conf.c:383: warning: nested extern declaration of 'libxl_domain_create_info_destroy' [-Wnested-externs] libxl/libxl_conf.c: In function 'libxlMakeDomBuildInfo': libxl/libxl_conf.c:406: warning: implicit declaration of function 'libxl_init_build_info' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] libxl/libxl_conf.c:406: warning: nested extern declaration of 'libxl_init_build_info' [-Wnested-externs] libxl/libxl_conf.c:408: error: 'libxl_domain_build_info' has no member named 'hvm' [...] Do you know what I need to install or change to pass that step?

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• Apache2 unable to start: private key not found

  - by user3161330

  today I edited some vhosts in my Apache installation and when I tried to restart it I got this error: [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] Init: Private key not found [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218640442 error:0D08303A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I:nested asn1 error [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218595386 error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 67710980 error:04093004:rsa routines:OLD_RSA_PRIV_DECODE:RSA lib [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Sun Jun 08 15:20:19 2014] [error] SSL Library Error: 218595386 error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error I have tried to generate new self signed certificates issuing this command: openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.cert.key -out server.cert.crt but the error still exists. The private key chmod is 600, and if I open it with nano looks, fine. I'm running Apache2 on a debian 7 machine.

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Tuples and Tuple Factory Methods

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can really help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain.  This week, we look at the System.Tuple class and the handy factory methods for creating a Tuple by inferring the types. What is a Tuple? The System.Tuple is a class that tends to inspire a reaction in one of two ways: love or hate.  Simply put, a Tuple is a data structure that holds a specific number of items of a specific type in a specific order.  That is, a Tuple<int, string, int> is a tuple that contains exactly three items: an int, followed by a string, followed by an int.  The sequence is important not only to distinguish between two members of the tuple with the same type, but also for comparisons between tuples.  Some people tend to love tuples because they give you a quick way to combine multiple values into one result.  This can be handy for returning more than one value from a method (without using out or ref parameters), or for creating a compound key to a Dictionary, or any other purpose you can think of.  They can be especially handy when passing a series of items into a call that only takes one object parameter, such as passing an argument to a thread's startup routine.  In these cases, you do not need to define a class, simply create a tuple containing the types you wish to return, and you are ready to go? On the other hand, there are some people who see tuples as a crutch in object-oriented design.  They may view the tuple as a very watered down class with very little inherent semantic meaning.  As an example, what if you saw this in a piece of code: 1: var x = new Tuple<int, int>(2, 5); What are the contents of this tuple?  If the tuple isn't named appropriately, and if the contents of each member are not self evident from the type this can be a confusing question.  The people who tend to be against tuples would rather you explicitly code a class to contain the values, such as: 1: public sealed class RetrySettings 2: { 3: public int TimeoutSeconds { get; set; } 4: public int MaxRetries { get; set; } 5: } Here, the meaning of each int in the class is much more clear, but it's a bit more work to create the class and can clutter a solution with extra classes. So, what's the correct way to go?  That's a tough call.  You will have people who will argue quite well for one or the other.  For me, I consider the Tuple to be a tool to make it easy to collect values together easily.  There are times when I just need to combine items for a key or a result, in which case the tuple is short lived and so the meaning isn't easily lost and I feel this is a good compromise.  If the scope of the collection of items, though, is more application-wide I tend to favor creating a full class. Finally, it should be noted that tuples are immutable.  That means they are assigned a value at construction, and that value cannot be changed.  Now, of course if the tuple contains an item of a reference type, this means that the reference is immutable and not the item referred to. Tuples from 1 to N Tuples come in all sizes, you can have as few as one element in your tuple, or as many as you like.  However, since C# generics can't have an infinite generic type parameter list, any items after 7 have to be collapsed into another tuple, as we'll show shortly. So when you declare your tuple from sizes 1 (a 1-tuple or singleton) to 7 (a 7-tuple or septuple), simply include the appropriate number of type arguments: 1: // a singleton tuple of integer 2: Tuple<int> x; 3:  4: // or more 5: Tuple<int, double> y; 6:  7: // up to seven 8: Tuple<int, double, char, double, int, string, uint> z; Anything eight and above, and we have to nest tuples inside of tuples.  The last element of the 8-tuple is the generic type parameter Rest, this is special in that the Tuple checks to make sure at runtime that the type is a Tuple.  This means that a simple 8-tuple must nest a singleton tuple (one of the good uses for a singleton tuple, by the way) for the Rest property. 1: // an 8-tuple 2: Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, double, char, Tuple<string>> t8; 3:  4: // an 9-tuple 5: Tuple<int, int, int, int, double, int, char, Tuple<string, DateTime>> t9; 6:  7: // a 16-tuple 8: Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, Tuple<int,int>>> t14; Notice that on the 14-tuple we had to have a nested tuple in the nested tuple.  Since the tuple can only support up to seven items, and then a rest element, that means that if the nested tuple needs more than seven items you must nest in it as well.  Constructing tuples Constructing tuples is just as straightforward as declaring them.  That said, you have two distinct ways to do it.  The first is to construct the tuple explicitly yourself: 1: var t3 = new Tuple<int, string, double>(1, "Hello", 3.1415927); This creates a triple that has an int, string, and double and assigns the values 1, "Hello", and 3.1415927 respectively.  Make sure the order of the arguments supplied matches the order of the types!  Also notice that we can't half-assign a tuple or create a default tuple.  Tuples are immutable (you can't change the values once constructed), so thus you must provide all values at construction time. Another way to easily create tuples is to do it implicitly using the System.Tuple static class's Create() factory methods.  These methods (much like C++'s std::make_pair method) will infer the types from the method call so you don't have to type them in.  This can dramatically reduce the amount of typing required especially for complex tuples! 1: // this 4-tuple is typed Tuple<int, double, string, char> 2: var t4 = Tuple.Create(42, 3.1415927, "Love", 'X'); Notice how much easier it is to use the factory methods and infer the types?  This can cut down on typing quite a bit when constructing tuples.  The Create() factory method can construct from a 1-tuple (singleton) to an 8-tuple (octuple), which of course will be a octuple where the last item is a singleton as we described before in nested tuples. Accessing tuple members Accessing a tuple's members is simplicity itself… mostly.  The properties for accessing up to the first seven items are Item1, Item2, …, Item7.  If you have an octuple or beyond, the final property is Rest which will give you the nested tuple which you can then access in a similar matter.  Once again, keep in mind that these are read-only properties and cannot be changed. 1: // for septuples and below, use the Item properties 2: var t1 = Tuple.Create(42, 3.14); 3:  4: Console.WriteLine("First item is {0} and second is {1}", 5: t1.Item1, t1.Item2); 6:  7: // for octuples and above, use Rest to retrieve nested tuple 8: var t9 = new Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, 9: Tuple<int, int>>(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Tuple.Create(8,9)); 10:  11: Console.WriteLine("The 8th item is {0}", t9.Rest.Item1); Tuples are IStructuralComparable and IStructuralEquatable Most of you know about IComparable and IEquatable, what you may not know is that there are two sister interfaces to these that were added in .NET 4.0 to help support tuples.  These IStructuralComparable and IStructuralEquatable make it easy to compare two tuples for equality and ordering.  This is invaluable for sorting, and makes it easy to use tuples as a compound-key to a dictionary (one of my favorite uses)! Why is this so important?  Remember when we said that some folks think tuples are too generic and you should define a custom class?  This is all well and good, but if you want to design a custom class that can automatically order itself based on its members and build a hash code for itself based on its members, it is no longer a trivial task!  Thankfully the tuple does this all for you through the explicit implementations of these interfaces. For equality, two tuples are equal if all elements are equal between the two tuples, that is if t1.Item1 == t2.Item1 and t1.Item2 == t2.Item2, and so on.  For ordering, it's a little more complex in that it compares the two tuples one at a time starting at Item1, and sees which one has a smaller Item1.  If one has a smaller Item1, it is the smaller tuple.  However if both Item1 are the same, it compares Item2 and so on. For example: 1: var t1 = Tuple.Create(1, 3.14, "Hi"); 2: var t2 = Tuple.Create(1, 3.14, "Hi"); 3: var t3 = Tuple.Create(2, 2.72, "Bye"); 4:  5: // true, t1 == t2 because all items are == 6: Console.WriteLine("t1 == t2 : " + t1.Equals(t2)); 7:  8: // false, t1 != t2 because at least one item different 9: Console.WriteLine("t2 == t2 : " + t2.Equals(t3)); The actual implementation of IComparable, IEquatable, IStructuralComparable, and IStructuralEquatable is explicit, so if you want to invoke the methods defined there you'll have to manually cast to the appropriate interface: 1: // true because t1.Item1 < t3.Item1, if had been same would check Item2 and so on 2: Console.WriteLine("t1 < t3 : " + (((IComparable)t1).CompareTo(t3) < 0)); So, as I mentioned, the fact that tuples are automatically equatable and comparable (provided the types you use define equality and comparability as needed) means that we can use tuples for compound keys in hashing and ordering containers like Dictionary and SortedList: 1: var tupleDict = new Dictionary<Tuple<int, double, string>, string>(); 2:  3: tupleDict.Add(t1, "First tuple"); 4: tupleDict.Add(t2, "Second tuple"); 5: tupleDict.Add(t3, "Third tuple"); Because IEquatable defines GetHashCode(), and Tuple's IStructuralEquatable implementation creates this hash code by combining the hash codes of the members, this makes using the tuple as a complex key quite easy!  For example, let's say you are creating account charts for a financial application, and you want to cache those charts in a Dictionary based on the account number and the number of days of chart data (for example, a 1 day chart, 1 week chart, etc): 1: // the account number (string) and number of days (int) are key to get cached chart 2: var chartCache = new Dictionary<Tuple<string, int>, IChart>(); Summary The System.Tuple, like any tool, is best used where it will achieve a greater benefit.  I wouldn't advise overusing them, on objects with a large scope or it can become difficult to maintain.  However, when used properly in a well defined scope they can make your code cleaner and easier to maintain by removing the need for extraneous POCOs and custom property hashing and ordering. They are especially useful in defining compound keys to IDictionary implementations and for returning multiple values from methods, or passing multiple values to a single object parameter. Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Tuple,Little Wonders

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• Undocumented Query Plans: Equality Comparisons

  - by Paul White

  The diagram below shows two data sets, with differences highlighted: To find changed rows using TSQL, we might write a query like this: The logic is clear: join rows from the two sets together on the primary key column, and return rows where a change has occurred in one or more data columns.  Unfortunately, this query only finds one of the expected four rows: The problem, of course, is that our query does not correctly handle NULLs.  The ‘not equal to’ operators <> and != do not evaluate...(read more)

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• How to determine the source of a request in a distributed service system?

  - by Kabumbus

  Map/Reduce is a great concept for sorting large quantities of data at once. What to do if you have small parts of data and you need to reduce it all the time? Simple example - choosing a service for request. Imagine we have 10 services. Each provides services host with sets of request headers and post/get arguments. Each service declares it has 30 unique keys - 10 per set. service A: name id ... Now imagine we have a distributed services host. We have 200 machines with 10 services on each. Each service has 30 unique keys in there sets. but now to find to which service to map the incoming request we make our services post unique values that map to that sets. We can have up to or more than 10 000 such values sets on each machine per each service. service A machine 1 name = Sam id = 13245 ... service A machine 1 name = Ben id = 33232 ... ... service A machine 100 name = Ron id = 777888 ... So we get 200 * 10 * 30 * 30 * 10 000 == 18 000 000 000 and we get 500 requests per second on our gateway each containing 45 items 15 of which are just noise. And our task is to find a service for request (at least a machine it is running on). On all machines all over cluster for same services we have same rules. We can first select to which service came our request via rules filter 10 * 30. and we will have 200 * 30 * 10 000 == 60 000 000. So... 60 mil is definitely a problem... I hope to get on idea of mapping 30 * 10 000 onto some artificial neural network alike Perceptron that outputs 1 if 30 words (some hashes from words) from the request are correct or if less than Perceptron should return 0. And I’ll send each such Perceptron for each service from each machine to gateway. So I would have a map Perceptron <-> machine for each service. Can any one tall me if my Perceptron idea is at least “sane”? Or normal people do it some other way? Or if there are better ANNs for such purposes?

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