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  • lambda traits inconsistency across C++0x compilers

    - by Sumant
    I observed some inconsistency between two compilers (g++ 4.5, VS2010 RC) in the way they match lambdas with partial specializations of class templates. I was trying to implement something like boost::function_types for lambdas to extract type traits. Check this for more details. In g++ 4.5, the type of the operator() of a lambda appears to be like that of a free standing function (R (*)(...)) whereas in VS2010 RC, it appears to be like that of a member function (R (C::*)(...)). So the question is are compiler writers free to interpret any way they want? If not, which compiler is correct? See the details below. template <typename T> struct function_traits : function_traits<decltype(&T::operator())> { // This generic template is instantiated on both the compilers as expected. }; template <typename R, typename C> struct function_traits<R (C::*)() const> { // inherits from this one on VS2010 RC typedef R result_type; }; template <typename R> struct function_traits<R (*)()> { // // inherits from this one g++ 4.5 typedef R result_type; }; int main(void) { auto lambda = []{}; function_traits<decltype(lambda)>::result_type *r; // void * } This program compiles on both g++ 4.5 and VS2010 but the function_traits that are instantiated are different as noted in the code.

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  • Postgres error with Sinatra/Haml/DataMapper on Heroku

    - by sevennineteen
    I'm trying to move a simple Sinatra app over to Heroku. Migration of the Ruby app code and existing MySQL database using Taps went smoothly, but I'm getting the following Postgres error: PostgresError - ERROR: operator does not exist: text = integer LINE 1: ...d_at", "post_id" FROM "comments" WHERE ("post_id" IN (4, 17,... ^ HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You might need to add explicit type casts. It's evident that the problem is related to a type mismatch in the query, but this is being issued from a Haml template by the DataMapper ORM at a very high level of abstraction, so I'm not sure how I'd go about controlling this... Specifically, this seems to be throwing up on a call of p.comments from my Haml template, where p represents a given post. The Datamapper models are related as follows: class Post property :id, Serial ... has n, :comments end class Comment property :id, Serial ... belongs_to :post end This works fine on my local and current hosted environment using MySQL, but Postgres is clearly more strict. There must be hundreds of Datamapper & Haml apps running on Postgres DBs, and this model relationship is super-conventional, so hopefully someone has seen (and determined how to fix) this. Thanks!

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  • Compilation errors calling find_if using a functor

    - by Jim Wong
    We are having a bit of trouble using find_if to search a vector of pairs for an entry in which the first element of the pair matches a particular value. To make this work, we have defined a trivial functor whose operator() takes a pair as input and compares the first entry against a string. Unfortunately, when we actually add a call to find_if using an instance of our functor constructed using a temporary string value, the compiler produces a raft of error messages. Oddly (to me, anyway), if we replace the temporary with a string that we've created on the stack, things seem to work. Here's what the code (including both versions) looks like: typedef std::pair<std::string, std::string> MyPair; typedef std::vector<MyPair> MyVector; struct MyFunctor: std::unary_function <const MyPair&, bool> { explicit MyFunctor(const std::string& val) : m_val(val) {} bool operator() (const MyPair& p) { return p.first == m_val; } const std::string m_val; }; bool f(const char* s) { MyFunctor f(std::string(s)); // ERROR // std::string str(s); // MyFunctor f(str); // OK MyVector vec; MyVector::const_iterator i = std::find_if(vec.begin(), vec.end(), f); return i != vec.end(); } And here's what the most interesting error message looks like: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_algo.h:260: error: conversion from ‘std::pair, std::allocator , std::basic_string, std::allocator ’ to non-scalar type ‘std::string’ requested Because we have a workaround, we're mostly curious as to why the first form causes problems. I'm sure we're missing something, but we haven't been able to figure out what it is.

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  • Generic InBetween Function.

    - by Luiscencio
    I am tired of writing x > min && x < max so i wawnt to write a simple function but I am not sure if I am doing it right... actually I am not cuz I get an error: bool inBetween<T>(T x, T min, T max) where T:IComparable { return (x > min && x < max); } errors: Operator '>' cannot be applied to operands of type 'T' and 'T' Operator '<' cannot be applied to operands of type 'T' and 'T' may I have a bad understanding of the where part in the function declaring note: for those who are going to tell me that I will be writing more code than before... think on readability =) any help will be appreciated EDIT deleted cuz it was resolved =) ANOTHER EDIT so after some headache I came out with this (ummm) thing following @Jay Idea of extreme readability: public static class test { public static comparision Between<T>(this T a,T b) where T : IComparable { var ttt = new comparision(); ttt.init(a); ttt.result = a.CompareTo(b) > 0; return ttt; } public static bool And<T>(this comparision state, T c) where T : IComparable { return state.a.CompareTo(c) < 0 && state.result; } public class comparision { public IComparable a; public bool result; public void init<T>(T ia) where T : IComparable { a = ia; } } } now you can compare anything with extreme readability =) what do you think.. I am no performance guru so any tweaks are welcome

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  • What's the recommended implementation for hashing OLE Variants?

    - by Barry Kelly
    OLE Variants, as used by older versions of Visual Basic and pervasively in COM Automation, can store lots of different types: basic types like integers and floats, more complicated types like strings and arrays, and all the way up to IDispatch implementations and pointers in the form of ByRef variants. Variants are also weakly typed: they convert the value to another type without warning depending on which operator you apply and what the current types are of the values passed to the operator. For example, comparing two variants, one containing the integer 1 and another containing the string "1", for equality will return True. So assuming that I'm working with variants at the underlying data level (e.g. VARIANT in C++ or TVarData in Delphi - i.e. the big union of different possible values), how should I hash variants consistently so that they obey the right rules? Rules: Variants that hash unequally should compare as unequal, both in sorting and direct equality Variants that compare as equal for both sorting and direct equality should hash as equal It's OK if I have to use different sorting and direct comparison rules in order to make the hashing fit. The way I'm currently working is I'm normalizing the variants to strings (if they fit), and treating them as strings, otherwise I'm working with the variant data as if it was an opaque blob, and hashing and comparing its raw bytes. That has some limitations, of course: numbers 1..10 sort as [1, 10, 2, ... 9] etc. This is mildly annoying, but it is consistent and it is very little work. However, I do wonder if there is an accepted practice for this problem.

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  • Mutual class instances in C++

    - by SepiDev
    Hi guys. What is the issue with this code? Here we have two files: classA.h and classB.h classA.h: #ifndef _class_a_h_ #define _class_a_h_ #include "classB.h" class B; //???? class A { public: A() { ptr_b = new B(); //???? } virtual ~A() { if(ptr_b) delete ptr_b; //???? num_a = 0; } int num_a; B* ptr_b; //???? }; #endif //_class_a_h_ classB.h: #ifndef _class_b_h_ #define _class_b_h_ #include "classA.h" class A; //???? class B { public: B() { ptr_a = new A(); //???? num_b = 0; } virtual ~B() { if(ptr_a) delete ptr_a; //???? } int num_b; A* ptr_a; //???? }; #endif //_class_b_h_ when I try to compile it, the compiler (g++) says: classB.h: In constructor ‘B::B()’: classB.h:12: error: invalid use of incomplete type ‘struct A’ classB.h:6: error: forward declaration of ‘struct A’ classB.h: In destructor ‘virtual B::~B()’: classB.h:16: warning: possible problem detected in invocation of delete operator: classB.h:16: warning: invalid use of incomplete type ‘struct A’ classB.h:6: warning: forward declaration of ‘struct A’ classB.h:16: note: neither the destructor nor the class-specific operator delete will be called, even if they are declared when the class is defined.

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  • Unable to send '+' through AJAX post?

    - by Harish Kurup
    I am using Ajax POST method to send data, but i am not able to send '+'(operator to the server i.e if i want to send 1+ or 20k+ it will only send 1 or 20k..just wipe out '+') HTML code goes here.. <form method='post' onsubmit='return false;' action='#'> <input type='input' name='salary' id='salary' /> <input type='submit' onclick='submitVal();' /> </form> and javascript code goes here, function submitVal() { var sal=document.getElementById("salary").value; alert(sal); var request=getHttpRequest(); request.open('post','updateSal.php',false); request.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); request.send("sal="+sal); if(request.readyState == 4) { alert("update"); } } function getHttpRequest() { var request=false; if(window.XMLHttpRequest) { request=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else if(window.ActiveXObject) { try { request=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) { try { request=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) { request=false; } } } return request; } in the function submitVal() it first alert's the salary value as it is(if 1+ then alerts 1+), but when it is posted it just post's value without '+' operator which is needed... is it any problem with query string, as the PHP backend code is working fine...

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  • XPath ordered priority attribute search

    - by user94000
    I want to write an XPath that can return some link elements on an HTML DOM. The syntax is wrong, but here is the gist of what I want: //web:link[@text='Login' THEN_TRY @href='login.php' THEN_TRY @index=0] THEN_TRY is a made-up operator, because I can't find what operator(s) to use. If many links exist on the page for the given set of [attribute=name] pairs, the link which matches the most left-most attribute(s) should be returned instead of any others. For example, consider a case where the above example XPath finds 3 links that match any of the given attributes: link A: text='Sign In', href='Login.php', index=0 link B: text='Login', href='Signin.php', index=15 link C: text='Login', href='Login.php', index=22 Link C ranks as the best match because it matches the First and Second attributes. Link B ranks second because it only matches the First attribute. Link A ranks last because it does not match the First attribute; it only matches the Second and Third attributes. The XPath should return the best match, Link C. If more than one link were tied for "best match", the XPath should return the first best link that it found on the page.

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  • Accept templated parameter of stl_container_type<string>::iterator

    - by Rodion Ingles
    I have a function where I have a container which holds strings (eg vector<string>, set<string>, list<string>) and, given a start iterator and an end iterator, go through the iterator range processing the strings. Currently the function is declared like this: template< typename ContainerIter> void ProcessStrings(ContainerIter begin, ContainerIter end); Now this will accept any type which conforms to the implicit interface of implementing operator*, prefix operator++ and whatever other calls are in the function body. What I really want to do is have a definition like the one below which explicitly restricts the amount of input (pseudocode warning): template< typename Container<string>::iterator> void ProcessStrings(Container<string>::iterator begin, Container<string>::iterator end); so that I can use it as such: vector<string> str_vec; list<string> str_list; set<SomeOtherClass> so_set; ProcessStrings(str_vec.begin(), str_vec.end()); // OK ProcessStrings(str_list.begin(), str_list.end()); //OK ProcessStrings(so_set.begin(), so_set.end()); // Error Essentially, what I am trying to do is restrict the function specification to make it obvious to a user of the function what it accepts and if the code fails to compile they get a message that they are using the wrong parameter types rather than something in the function body that XXX function could not be found for XXX class.

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  • Potential problem with C standard malloc'ing chars.

    - by paxdiablo
    When answering a comment to another answer of mine here, I found what I think may be a hole in the C standard (c1x, I haven't checked the earlier ones and yes, I know it's incredibly unlikely that I alone among all the planet's inhabitants have found a bug in the standard). Information follows: Section 6.5.3.4 ("The sizeof operator") para 2 states "The sizeof operator yields the size (in bytes) of its operand". Para 3 of that section states: "When applied to an operand that has type char, unsigned char, or signed char, (or a qualified version thereof) the result is 1". Section 7.20.3.3 describes void *malloc(size_t sz) but all it says is "The malloc function allocates space for an object whose size is specified by size and whose value is indeterminate". It makes no mention at all what units are used for the argument. Annex E startes the 8 is the minimum value for CHAR_BIT so chars can be more than one byte in length. My question is simply this: In an environment where a char is 16 bits wide, will malloc(10 * sizeof(char)) allocate 10 chars (20 bytes) or 10 bytes? Point 1 above seems to indicate the former, point 2 indicates the latter. Anyone with more C-standard-fu than me have an answer for this?

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  • Groovy as a substitute for Java when using BigDecimal?

    - by geejay
    I have just completed an evaluation of Java, Groovy and Scala. The factors I considered were: readability, precision The factors I would like to know: performance, ease of integration I needed a BigDecimal level of precision. Here are my results: Java void someOp() { BigDecimal del_theta_1 = toDec(6); BigDecimal del_theta_2 = toDec(2); BigDecimal del_theta_m = toDec(0); del_theta_m = abs(del_theta_1.subtract(del_theta_2)) .divide(log(del_theta_1.divide(del_theta_2))); } Groovy void someOp() { def del_theta_1 = 6.0 def del_theta_2 = 2.0 def del_theta_m = 0.0 del_theta_m = Math.abs(del_theta_1 - del_theta_2) / Math.log(del_theta_1 / del_theta_2); } Scala def other(){ var del_theta_1 = toDec(6); var del_theta_2 = toDec(2); var del_theta_m = toDec(0); del_theta_m = ( abs(del_theta_1 - del_theta_2) / log(del_theta_1 / del_theta_2) ) } Note that in Java and Scala I used static imports. Java: Pros: it is Java Cons: no operator overloading (lots o methods), barely readable/codeable Groovy: Pros: default BigDecimal means no visible typing, least surprising BigDecimal support for all operations (division included) Cons: another language to learn Scala: Pros: has operator overloading for BigDecimal Cons: some surprising behaviour with division (fixed with Decimal128), another language to learn

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  • How to avoid the following purify detected memory leak in C++?

    - by Abhijeet
    Hi, I am getting the following memory leak.Its being probably caused by std::string. how can i avoid it? PLK: 23 bytes potentially leaked at 0xeb68278 * Suppressed in /vobs/ubtssw_brrm/test/testcases/.purify [line 3] * This memory was allocated from: malloc [/vobs/ubtssw_brrm/test/test_build/linux-x86/rtlib.o] operator new(unsigned) [/vobs/MontaVista/Linux/montavista/pro/devkit/x86/586/target/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6] operator new(unsigned) [/vobs/ubtssw_brrm/test/test_build/linux-x86/rtlib.o] std::string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned, unsigned, std::allocator<char> const&) [/vobs/MontaVista/Linux/montavista/pro/devkit/ x86/586/target/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6] std::string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::_Rep::_M_clone(std::allocator<char> const&, unsigned) [/vobs/MontaVista/Linux/montavista/pro/devkit/x86/586/tar get/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6] std::string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>(std::string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::alloc ator<char>> const&) [/vobs/MontaVista/Linux/montavista/pro/devkit/x86/586/target/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6] uec_UEDir::getEntryToUpdateAfterInsertion(rcapi_ImsiGsmMap const&, rcapi_ImsiGsmMap&, std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<std::string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator< char>> const, UEDirData >>&) [/vobs/ubtssw_brrm/uectrl/linux-x86/../src/uec_UEDir.cc:2278] uec_UEDir::addUpdate(rcapi_ImsiGsmMap const&, LocalUEDirInfo&, rcapi_ImsiGsmMap&, int, unsigned char) [/vobs/ubtssw_brrm/uectrl/linux-x86/../src/uec_UEDir.cc:282] ucx_UEDirHandler::addUpdateUEDir(rcapi_ImsiGsmMap, UEDirUpdateType, acap_PresenceEvent) [/vobs/ubtssw_brrm/ucx/linux-x86/../src/ucx_UEDirHandler.cc:374]

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  • User defined literal arguments are not constexpr?

    - by Pubby
    I'm testing out user defined literals. I want to make _fac return the factorial of the number. Having it call a constexpr function works, however it doesn't let me do it with templates as the compiler complains that the arguments are not and cannot be constexpr. I'm confused by this - aren't literals constant expressions? The 5 in 5_fac is always a literal that can be evaluated during compile time, so why can't I use it as such? First method: constexpr int factorial_function(int x) { return (x > 0) ? x * factorial_function(x - 1) : 1; } constexpr int operator "" _fac(unsigned long long x) { return factorial_function(x); // this works } Second method: template <int N> struct factorial { static const unsigned int value = N * factorial<N - 1>::value; }; template <> struct factorial<0> { static const unsigned int value = 1; }; constexpr int operator "" _fac(unsigned long long x) { return factorial_template<x>::value; // doesn't work - x is not a constexpr }

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  • Google Adwords API response parse

    - by Yun Ling
    I am trying to figure out how to parse the Adword API query response without exceptions and one issue that i came across is that sometimes, the data itself contains comma besides the comma between each column. Say i do a query on Adroup, campaign and impression by using <reportDefinition xmlns="https://adwords.google.com/api/adwords/cm/v201209"> <selector> <fields>CampaignName</fields> <fields>AdgroupName</fields> <fields>Impressions</fields> <predicates> <field>Status</field> <operator>IN</operator> <values>ENABLED</values> <values>PAUSED</values> </predicates> </selector> <reportName>Custom Adgroup Performance Report</reportName> <reportType>ADGROUP_PERFORMANCE_REPORT</reportType> <dateRangeType>LAST_7_DAYS</dateRangeType> <downloadFormat>CSV</downloadFormat> </reportDefinition> Since my campaign has comma within the string like below: "Adroup,Campaign,Impressions, Premiun Beer, Beer, Chicago, 1000" where the adgroup is "premium beer" and campaign is "Beer,Chicago". that will cause an issue if we parse this information by using comma. Does anyone know how to solve this problem?

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  • What C++ templates issue is going on with this error?

    - by WilliamKF
    Running gcc v3.4.6 on the Botan v1.8.8 I get the following compile time error building my application after successfully building Botan and running its self test: ../../src/Botan-1.8.8/build/include/botan/secmem.h: In member function `Botan::MemoryVector<T>& Botan::MemoryVector<T>::operator=(const Botan::MemoryRegion<T>&)': ../../src/Botan-1.8.8/build/include/botan/secmem.h:310: error: missing template arguments before '(' token What is this compiler error telling me? Here is a snippet of secmem.h that includes line 130: [...] /** * This class represents variable length buffers that do not * make use of memory locking. */ template<typename T> class MemoryVector : public MemoryRegion<T> { public: /** * Copy the contents of another buffer into this buffer. * @param in the buffer to copy the contents from * @return a reference to *this */ MemoryVector<T>& operator=(const MemoryRegion<T>& in) { if(this != &in) set(in); return (*this); } // This is line 130! [...]

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  • MMGR Questions, code use and thread-saftey

    - by chadb
    1) Is MMGR thread safe? 2) I was hoping someone could help me understand some code. I am looking at something where a macro is used, but I don't understand the macro. I know it contains a function call and an if check, however, the function is a void function. How does wrapping "(m_setOwner (FILE,_LINE_,FUNCTION),false)" ever change return types? #define someMacro (m_setOwner(__FILE__,__LINE__,__FUNCTION__),false) ? NULL : new ... void m_setOwner(const char *file, const unsigned int line, const char *func); 3) What is the point of the reservoir? 4) On line 770 ("void *operator new(size_t reportedSize)" there is the line "// ANSI says: allocation requests of 0 bytes will still return a valid value" Who/what is ANSI in this context? Do they mean the standards? 5) This is more of C++ standards, but where does "reportedSize" come from for "void *operator new(size_t reportedSize)"? 6) Is this the code that is actually doing the allocation needed? "au-actualAddress = malloc(au-actualSize);"

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  • Access to map data

    - by herzl shemuelian
    I have a complex map that defined typedef short short1 typedef short short2 typedef map<short1,short2> data_list; typedef map<string,list> table_list; I have a class that fill table_list class GroupingClass { table_list m_table_list; string Buildkey(OD e1){ string ostring; ostring+=string(e1.m_Date,sizeof(Date)); ostring+=string(e1.m_CT,sizeof(CT)); ostring+=string(e1.m_PT,sizeof(PT)); return ostring; } void operator() (const map<short1,short2>::value_type& myPair) { OptionsDefine e1=myPair.second; string key=Buildkey(e1); m_table_list[key][e1.m_short2]=e1.m_short2; } operator table_list() { return m_table_list; } }; and I use it by table_list TL2 GroupingClass gc; TL2=for_each(mapOD.begin(), mapOD.end(), gc); but when I try to access to internal map I have problems for example data_list tmp; tmp=TL2["AAAA"]; short i=tmp[1]; //I dont update i variable but if i use a loop by itrator this work properly why this no work at first way thanks herzl

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  • Error using to_char // to_timetamp

    - by pepersview
    Hello, I have a database in PostgreSQL and I'm developing an application in PHP using this database. The problem is that when I execute the following query I get a nice result in phpPgAdmin but in my PHP application I get an error. The query: SELECT t.t_name, t.t_firstname FROM teachers AS t WHERE t.id_teacher IN (SELECT id_teacher FROM teacher_course AS tcourse JOIN course_timetable AS coursetime ON tcourse.course = coursetime.course AND to_char(to_timestamp('2010-4-12', 'YYYY-MM-DD'),'FMD') = (coursetime.day +1)) AND t.id_teacher NOT IN (SELECT id_teacher FROM teachers_fill WHERE date = '2010-4-12') ORDER BY t.t_name ASC And this is the error in PHP operator does not exist: text = integer (to_timestamp('', 'YYYY-MM-DD'),'FMD') = (courset... ^ HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You might need to add explicit type casts. The purpose to solve this error is to use the ORIGINAL query in php with : $date = "2010"."-".$selected_month."-".$selected_day; SELECT t.t_name, t.t_firstname FROM teachers AS t WHERE t.id_teacher IN (SELECT id_teacher FROM teacher_course AS tcourse JOIN course_timetable AS coursetime ON tcourse.course = coursetime.course AND to_char(to_timestamp('$date', 'YYYY-MM-DD'),'FMD') = (coursetime.day +1)) AND t.id_teacher NOT IN (SELECT id_teacher FROM teachers_fill WHERE date = '$date') ORDER BY t.t_name ASC

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  • Evaluate an expression tree

    - by Phronima
    Hi, This project that I'm working on requires that an expression tree be constructed from a string of single digit operands and operators both represented as type char. I did the implmentation and the program up to that point works fine. I'm able to print out the inorder, preorder and postorder traversals in the correct way. The last part calls for evaulating the expression tree. The parameters are an expression tree "t" and its root "root". The expression tree is ((3+2)+(6+2)) which is equal to 13. Instead I get 11 as the answer. Clearly I'm missing something here and I've done everything short of bashing my head against the desk. I would greatly appreciate it if someone can point me in the right direction. (Note that at this point I'm only testing addition and will add in the other operators when I get this method working.) public int evalExpression( LinkedBinaryTree t, BTNode root ) { if( t.isInternal( root ) ) { int x = 0, y = 0, value = 0; char operator = root.element(); if( root.getLeft() != null ) x = evalExpression(t, t.left( root ) ); if( root.getRight() != null ) y = evalExpression(t, t.right( root ) ); if( operator == '+' ) { value = value + Character.getNumericValue(x) + Character.getNumericValue(y); } return value; } else { return root.element(); } }

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  • Should I delete the string members of a C++ class?

    - by Bobby
    If I have the following declaration: #include <iostream> #include <string> class DEMData { private: int bitFldPos; int bytFldPos; std::string byteOrder; std::string desS; std::string engUnit; std::string oTag; std::string valType; int idx; public: DEMData(); DEMData(const DEMData &d); void SetIndex(int idx); int GetIndex() const; void SetValType(const char* valType); const char* GetValType() const; void SetOTag(const char* oTag); const char* GetOTag() const; void SetEngUnit(const char* engUnit); const char* GetEngUnit() const; void SetDesS(const char* desS); const char* GetDesS() const; void SetByteOrder(const char* byteOrder); const char* GetByteOrder() const; void SetBytFldPos(int bytFldPos); int GetBytFldPos() const; void SetBitFldPos(int bitFldPos); int GetBitFldPos() const; friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &stream, DEMData d); bool operator==(const DEMData &d) const; ~DEMData(); }; what code should be in the destructor? Should I "delete" the std::string fields?

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  • Why strings behave like ValueType

    - by AJP
    I was perplexed after executing this piece of code, where strings seems to behave as if they are value types. I am wondering whether the assignment operator is operating on values like equality operator for strings. Here is the piece of code I did to test this behavior. using System; namespace RefTypeDelimma { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string a1, a2; a1 = "ABC"; a2 = a1; //This should assign a1 reference to a2 a2 = "XYZ"; //I expect this should change the a1 value to "XYZ" Console.WriteLine("a1:" + a1 + ", a2:" + a2);//Outputs a1:ABC, a2:XYZ //Expected: a1:XYZ, a2:XYZ (as string being a ref type) Proc(a2); //Altering values of ref types inside a procedure //should reflect in the variable thats being passed into Console.WriteLine("a1: " + a1 + ", a2: " + a2); //Outputs a1:ABC, a2:XYZ //Expected: a1:NEW_VAL, a2:NEW_VAL (as string being a ref type) } static void Proc(string Val) { Val = "NEW_VAL"; } } } In the above code if I use a custom classes instead of strings, I am getting the expected behavior. I doubt is this something to do with the string immutability? welcoming expert views on this.

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  • How to extract data from F# list

    - by David White
    Following up my previous question, I'm slowly getting the hang of FParsec (though I do find it particularly hard to grok). My next newbie F# question is, how do I extract data from the list the parser creates? For example, I loaded the sample code from the previous question into a module called Parser.fs, and added a very simple unit test in a separate module (with the appropriate references). I'm using XUnit: open Xunit [<Fact>] let Parse_1_ShouldReturnListContaining1 () = let interim = Parser.parse("1") Assert.False(List.isEmpty(interim)) let head = interim.Head // I realise that I have only one item in the list this time Assert.Equal("1", ???) Interactively, when I execute parse "1" the response is: val it : Element list = [Number "1"] and by tweaking the list of valid operators, I can run parse "1+1" to get: val it : Element list = [Number "1"; Operator "+"; Number "1"] What do I need to put in place of my ??? in the snippet above? And how do I check that it is a Number, rather than an Operator, etc.?

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  • Threads are blocked in malloc and free, virtual size

    - by Albert Wang
    Hi, I'm running a 64-bit multi-threaded program on the windows server 2003 server (X64), It run into a case that some of the threads seem to be blocked in the malloc or free function forever. The stack trace is like follows: ntdll.dll!NtWaitForSingleObject() + 0xa bytes ntdll.dll!RtlpWaitOnCriticalSection() - 0x1aa bytes ntdll.dll!RtlEnterCriticalSection() + 0xb040 bytes ntdll.dll!RtlpDebugPageHeapAllocate() + 0x2f6 bytes ntdll.dll!RtlDebugAllocateHeap() + 0x40 bytes ntdll.dll!RtlAllocateHeapSlowly() + 0x5e898 bytes ntdll.dll!RtlAllocateHeap() - 0x1711a bytes MyProg.exe!malloc(unsigned __int64 size=0) Line 168 C MyProg.exe!operator new(unsigned __int64 size=1) Line 59 + 0x5 bytes C++ ntdll.dll!NtWaitForSingleObject() ntdll.dll!RtlpWaitOnCriticalSection() ntdll.dll!RtlEnterCriticalSection() ntdll.dll!RtlpDebugPageHeapFree() ntdll.dll!RtlDebugFreeHeap() ntdll.dll!RtlFreeHeapSlowly() ntdll.dll!RtlFreeHeap() MyProg.exe!free(void * pBlock=0x000000007e8e4fe0) C BTW, the param values passed to the new operator is not correct here maybe due to optimization. Also, at the same time, I found in the process Explorer, the virtual size of this program is 10GB, but the private bytes and working set is very small (<2GB). We did have some threads using virtualalloc but in a way that commit the memory in the call, and these threads are not blocked. m_pBuf = VirtualAlloc(NULL, m_size, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE); ...... VirtualFree(m_pBuf, 0, MEM_RELEASE); This looks strange to me, seems a lot of virtual space is reserved but not committed, and malloc/free is blocked by lock. I'm guessing if there's any corruptions in the memory/object, so plan to turn on gflag with pageheap to troubleshoot this. Does anyone has similar experience on this before? Could you share with me so I may get more hints? Thanks a lot!

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  • C++ Template problem adding two data types

    - by Sara
    I have a template class with an overloaded + operator. This is working fine when I am adding two ints or two doubles. How do I get it to add and int and a double and return the double? template <class T> class TemplateTest { private: T x; public: TemplateTest<T> operator+(const TemplateTest<T>& t1)const { return TemplateTest<T>(x + t1.x); } } in my main function i have void main() { TemplateTest intTt1 = TemplateTest<int>(2); TemplateTest intTt2 = TemplateTest<int>(4); TemplateTest doubleTt1 = TemplateTest<double>(2.1d); TemplateTest doubleTt2 = TemplateTest<double>(2.5d); std::cout << intTt1 + intTt2 << /n; std::cout << doubleTt1 + doubleTt2 << /n; } I want to be able to also do this std::cout << doubleTt1 + intTt2 << /n;

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  • Conversion between different template instantiation of the same template

    - by Naveen
    I am trying to write an operator which converts between the differnt types of the same implementation. This is the sample code: template <class T = int> class A { public: A() : m_a(0){} template <class U> operator A<U>() { A<U> u; u.m_a = m_a; return u; } private: int m_a; }; int main(void) { A<int> a; A<double> b = a; return 0; } However, it gives the following error for line u.m_a = m_a;. Error 2 error C2248: 'A::m_a' : cannot access private member declared in class 'A' d:\VC++\Vs8Console\Vs8Console\Vs8Console.cpp 30 Vs8Console I understand the error is because A<U> is a totally different type from A<T>. Is there any simple way of solving this (may be using a friend?) other than providing setter and getter methods? I am using Visual studio 2008 if it matters.

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