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• pcap stream rotation and pruning

  - by pilcrow

  Some of my servers collect a lot of packet data. Is there a utility (or patch to tcpdump(1)) to log a pcap stream to disk which: Rotates based on size of data written Prunes written files, keeping only the N most recent Does not re-use output filenames Is self-contained (Ruling out, e.g., a rotation with external pruning via crond(8)+tmpwatch(8)) Basically I want a multilog or svlogd that groks the pcap record format. The -W filecount option of tcpdump-4.0.0 "prunes" by recycling old filenames, which violates #3 above, forcing me to consult mtimes to determine recency and providing no guarantees against surprise truncation of the log file. The -G option introduces strftime(2)-specifier support in output filenames, which would give me at least second-precision in file names, but I can't figure out how to get pruning to work with this scheme.

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• Server Security

  - by mahatmanich

  I want to run my own root server (directly accessible from the web without a hardware firewall) with debian lenny, apache2, php5, mysql, postfix MTA, sftp (based on ssh) and maybe dns server. What measures/software would you recomend, and why, to secure this server down and minimalize the attack vector? Webapplications aside ... This is what I have so far: iptables (for gen. packet filtering) fail2ban (brute force attack defense) ssh (chang default, port disable root access) modsecurity - is really clumsy and a pain (any alternative here?) ?Sudo why should I use it? what is the advantage to normal user handling thinking about greensql for mysql www.greensql.net is tripwire worth looking at? snort? What am I missing? What is hot and what is not? Best practices? I like "KISS" - Keep it simple secure, I know it would be nice! Thanks in advance ...

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• nginx terminates connection after 65k bytes

  - by David Wolever

  I've got nginx configured as a front-end to a Python application running under gunicorn, but nginx is terminating connections after about 65k of data have been sent. For example, I've got a view which looks like this: def debug_big_file(request): return HttpResponse("x" * 500000) But when I access that URL through nginx, I only get 65283 bytes: $ curl https://example.com/debug/big-file | wc … curl: (18) transfer closed with outstanding read data remaining 0 1 65283 Note that everything works as expected when accessing gunicorn directly: $ curl http://localhost:1234/debug/big-file | wc … 0 1 500000 The relevant nginx config: location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:1234/; proxy_redirect off; proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size 96; } And nginx version 1.7.0 Some other facts: The number of bytes is consistent from request to request, but it varies based on the content (I first noticed it with a large PNG file, which was cut off after 65,372 bytes, not 65,283) 110k bytes are sent correctly (ie, "x" * 110000 returns all 110,000 bytes), but 120k bytes are not tcpdump suggests that nginx is sending a RST packet to gunicorn:

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• Linux, some packets are not being NAT

  - by user70932

  Hi, I'm trying to NAT HTTP traffic, I'm new to this and facing some issues. What i'm trying to do is NAT client HTTP requests to a webserver. CLIENT - NAT BOX - WEBSERVER When the client open the IP of the NAT BOX, the request should be pass to the web server. But I'm getting "HTTP request sent, awaiting response..." and then wait serveral minutes before the request is done. Looking at the tcpdump output, it looks like the first Syn packet on (10:48:54) is being NAT but not the second, third, fourth... ACK or PSH packets, and wait until (10:52:04) it starts NAT again on the ACK packet. The iptables command I'm using is: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 --dport 80 \ -j DNAT --to-destination WEBSERVER I'm wondering what could have caused this behavior? Thanks alot. 10:48:54.907861 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16395, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 48) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: S, cksum 0x6019 (correct), 1589600740:1589600740(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 8> 10:48:54.907874 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16395, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 48) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: S, cksum 0xb5d7 (correct), 1589600740:1589600740(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 8> 10:48:55.102696 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16397, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x2727 (correct), ack 2950613896 win 23 10:48:55.102963 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16399, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:48:58.103078 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16401, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:48:58.366344 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16403, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:49:04.103204 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16405, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:49:04.363943 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16407, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:49:16.101583 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16409, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:49:16.363475 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16411, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:49:40.100796 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16413, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:49:40.563898 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16415, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:50:28.099396 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16417, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:50:28.761678 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16419, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:52:04.093668 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16421, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:52:04.093678 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16421, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: P 1589600741:1589600861(120) ack 2950613896 win 23 10:52:04.291021 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16423, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x25d3 (correct), ack 217 win 27 10:52:04.291028 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16423, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: ., cksum 0x7b91 (correct), ack 217 win 27 10:52:04.300708 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16425, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x253c (correct), ack 368 win 27 10:52:04.300714 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16425, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: ., cksum 0x7afa (correct), ack 368 win 27 10:52:04.301417 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16427, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: F, cksum 0x253b (correct), 120:120(0) ack 368 win 27 10:52:04.301438 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16427, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: F, cksum 0x7af9 (correct), 120:120(0) ack 368 win 27 10:52:04.498875 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16429, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x253a (correct), ack 369 win 27 10:52:04.498881 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16429, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: ., cksum 0x7af8 (correct), ack 369 win 27

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• Sleep/Suspend and WOL on FreeNAS

  - by Timothy R. Butler

  I am trying to figure out how to get FreeNAS 8 to sleep when inactive and, ideally, wake on lan activity (or, less ideally, wake on a WOL magic packet). However, as I've tried to search for information on how to do this, almost all discussions seem to be centered on FreeNAS 7. Also, the tools included in FreeBSD to do this seem to be missing (i.e. acpiconf, etc.). Is there a way to get FreeNAS 8 to sleep and wake so that I don't have to leave the server running all the time? Given its usage level, it seems a waste to have the server running constantly.

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• Understanding how Tracert works

  - by iridescent

  From what I gathered so far, Tracert works by sending 3 ICMP echo messages. Starting with a TTL value of 1. For each router the packet encounters, the TTL value will be decremented. For the 1st router, 1-1 = 0, so an ICMP "time exceeded" message will be sent back to the sender machine. Next, the TTL value will be incremented to 2 by the sender machine and the cycle repeats for the 2nd router (2--1--0) and so on. Please correct me if my undestanding is flawed. I am curious as to why the ICMP "time exceeded" message isn't displayed by Tracert in Command Prompt since it is in fact an error message ? The cycle simply proceeds on. Thanks.

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• Static NAT in AWS's Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

  - by user1050797

  Currently in a VPC with a public and a private subnet, all internet bound traffic from the private subnet could be routed via an NAT instance. The NAT instance will port address translate the packet's source IP to use the NAT instance's elastic IP, so the public server can reply to this public address. This is a PAT mechanism. My question is there a way for me to do a static NAT on my NAT instance -- Using the same NAT instance to static NAT an unassociated but reserved elastic IP to a private subnet host. This NAT instance will behave like a physical firewall doing static nat'ing for a bunch of private ip's.

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• Debian Unstable + Postfix 2.6.5 + dkim-filter 2.8.2 issue

  - by kura

  I have Postfix installed on Debian Unstable, as the title states, the system is completely up-to-date, I have tried to get DKIM signatures working on outgoing mail using dkim-filter 2.8.2. I couldn't use the default Debian way of doing things with sockets, instead I used the Ubuntu way: SOCKET="inet:12345@localhost"` I have the following in my postfix/main.cf milter_default_action = accept milter_protocol = 6 smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12345 non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12345 All is fine except I get the following message I start DKIM in mail.log: dkim-filter[22029]: can't configure DKIM library; continuing And when it tries to sign mails I get the following error: postfix/cleanup[22042]: warning: milter inet:localhost:12345: can't read SMFIC_EOH reply packet header: Success And then dkim-filter daemon stops. I've looked through Google but found no actual way to fix this that works for me. I have this working fine on an Ubuntu server but would love to get it working on Debian too.

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• Duplicate IP address detection with multiple NICs

  - by sfink

  I am using arping -D to detect duplicate IP addresses within a network when setting up servers. (The network is controlled by someone else, and we have had many issues with IP allocation in the past.) It works fine as long as my host has a single NIC on a given VLAN, but when my host has more than one (I have one with 9 NICs on one VLAN and 1 on the other), arping -D always returns false collisions. The problem is that all 9 of my NICs respond to an ARP request for any of the IPs on those NICs. (These are real physical NICs, not aliases or anything.) I send out one ARP request packet, and get 9 ARP is-at ARP replies, one for each MAC address. I could implement my own solution by sniffing packets and checking for any replies with a MAC address other than the local NICs', but it seems like there ought to be an easier way.

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• Gre Tunnel Cisco Linux traffic forwarding

  - by mezgani

  I setup a gre tunnel a cisco router and a Linux machine, the tunnel interface in the Linux box named pic. Well i have to forward traffic coming from cisco through the Linux box. the rules i've set in the Linux box is described as follow: echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -A INPUT -p 47 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i pic -o ppp0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -o pic -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE I see the traffic coming from tunnel and forwarded to internet but no reply from sent packet. May i miss something like a routing rule.

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• Rsyslog mail module not working

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  Hi *, I would like to email snort alerts from my Debian Lenny fw. Syslog is sending log messages from the firewalls to a central rsyslog. On my central rsyslog, I got something like : $ModLoad ommail $ActionMailSMTPServer server.company.local $ActionMailFrom [email protected] $ActionMailTo [email protected] $ActionExecOnlyOnceEveryInterval 1 $template mailSubject,"[SNORT] Alert from %hostname%" $template mailBody,"Snort message\r\nmsg='%msg%'" $ActionMailSubject mailSubject if $msg regexp 'snort[[0-9]]: [[0-9]:[0-9]:[0-9]].*' then ommail:;mailBody But I doesn't get any mails, I even can trigger snort with something like ping -s 1400, it logs things like following but still no mail ! 2010-01-08T09:25:58+00:00 Hostname snort[4429]: [1:499:4] ICMP Large ICMP Packet [Classification: Potentially Bad Traffic] [Priority: 2]: {ICMP} ip_dest - ip_src Any idea ?

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• how I can Specifying tcpreplay speed

  - by herzl shemuelian

  I am tring to Specify tcpreplay speed but I can't do it this is my detail of test: $tcpreplay -V tcpreplay version: 3.4.4 (build 2450) 1)$ tcpreplay -i %0 -p 100 -L 500 _udp_only.pcap Actual: 500 packets (42247 bytes) sent in 5.05 seconds.Rated: 8365.7 bps, 0.06 Mbps, 99.01 pps s 2)$ tcpreplay -i %0 -p 1000 -L 5000 _udp_only.pcap Actual: 5000 packets (427710 bytes) sent in 5.19 seconds. Rated: 82410.4 bps, 0.63 Mbps, 963.39 pps //here is problem I stay in 966.00 pps 3)$ tcpreplay -i %0 -p 10000 -L 50000 _udp_only.pcap Actual: 50000 packets (4322559 bytes) sent in 51.76 seconds.Rated: 83511.6 bps, 0.64 Mbps, 966.00 pps I have same problem when I try to Specify --mbps for 8600 packets 86 byte avg for each packet -M0.086 -L 860 ---- Rated: 10812.9 bps, 0.08 Mbps, 127.22 pps -M0.86 -L 860 ---- Rated: 83062.5 bps, 0.63 Mbps, 977.27 pps -M0.86 -L 8600 ---- Rated: 82554.9 bps, 0.63 Mbps, 965.21 pps why and how I can to Specify speed? I use OS windows7

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• TCP/IP- what is it exactly?

  - by OckhamsRazor

  I know that this question sounds stupid, but over all these years, I still have difficulty explaining TCP/IP to people. I don't completely get it myself, and even after reading up on it, the distinction is not very clear. What I get so far is that IP deals with networks while TCP involves delivery of messages over that network. I'm not totally convinced though. Also, they reside on different layers of the Internet architecture. Could anyone disambiguate this distinction using a simple analogy or examples? Also, I read this somewhere The difference is that TCP is responsible for the data delivery of a packet and IP is responsible for the logical addressing. In other words, IP obtains the address and TCP guarantees delivery of data to that address. Is this correct? Thanks for helping me out. One last thing- Where does the ethernet come in all of this?

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• ICMP - TTL - Trace Route

  - by dbasnett

  I asked this question at Stack Overflow and then thought this may be the better place to ask. Given the following situation: PC --- |aa RTR1 bb| --- |aa RTR2 bb| --- |aa RTR3 bb| etc Each of the |aa rtr bb| is meant to be a router with two ports aa and bb. My question is this. When you do a trace route from PC which router port address should respond with time to live exceeded in transit message? I seem to remember being taught to think of the router as being in as many parts as ports, so that in my scenario when aa is forwarding the packet to bb and decrements the ttl to 0, it will be the address of the aa port in the failure message. I am trying to find the definitive answer. Thanks.

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• dhcpd: varying vendor-class-identifier

  - by jessicah

  I'm having trouble selectively sending parameters in response to a DHCP Inform packet using groups (or even without, just using host declarations) for bootp stuff. My configuration file right now looks like: subnet 130.123.131.128 netmask 255.255.255.128 { allow unknown-clients; } host dev-mac-09 { option vendor-class-identifier "example-identifier"; hardware ethernet 10:9a:dd:51:ff:83; } If I put vendor-class-identifier in the global scope, using tcpdump I can see that the client receives the vendor class option successfully. If I take it out, and just keep it in the host scope (or group scope), the client never receives the option. Specifying option dhcp-parameter-request list 60 doesn't help either. I did try using a class definition inside a group, but then it applied even if the host wasn't a part of the group. As an aside, how do I get detailed logging? At least something to indicate what groups and things got used to generate the response to the client.

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• Windows DNS Server 2008 R2 fallaciously returns SERVFAIL

  - by Easter Sunshine

  I have a Windows 2008 R2 domain controller which is also a DNS server. When resolving certain TLDs, it returns a SERVFAIL: $ dig bogus. ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1 <<>> bogus. ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 31919 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;bogus. IN A I get the same result for a real TLD like com. when querying the DC as shown above. Compare to a BIND server that is working as expected: $ dig bogus. @128.59.59.70 ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1 <<>> bogus. @128.59.59.70 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 30141 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;bogus. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 10800 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2012012501 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 18 msec ;; SERVER: 128.59.59.70#53(128.59.59.70) ;; WHEN: Wed Jan 25 14:09:14 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 98 Similarly, when I query my Windows DNS server with dig . any, I get a SERVFAIL but the BIND servers return the root zone as expected. This sounds similar to the issue described in http://support.microsoft.com/kb/968372 except I am using two forwarders (128.59.59.70 from above as well as 128.59.62.10) and falling back to root hints so the preconditions to expose the issue are not the same. Nevertheless, I also applied the MaxCacheTTL registry fix as described and restarted DNS and the whole server as well but the problem persists. The problem occurs on all domain controllers in this domain and has occurred since half a year ago, even though the servers are getting automatic Windows updates. EDIT Here is a debug log. The client is 160.39.114.110, which is my workstation. 1/25/2012 2:16:01 PM 0E08 PACKET 000000001EA6BFD0 UDP Rcv 160.39.114.110 2e94 Q [0001 D NOERROR] A (5)bogus(0) UDP question info at 000000001EA6BFD0 Socket = 508 Remote addr 160.39.114.110, port 49710 Time Query=1077016, Queued=0, Expire=0 Buf length = 0x0fa0 (4000) Msg length = 0x0017 (23) Message: XID 0x2e94 Flags 0x0100 QR 0 (QUESTION) OPCODE 0 (QUERY) AA 0 TC 0 RD 1 RA 0 Z 0 CD 0 AD 0 RCODE 0 (NOERROR) QCOUNT 1 ACOUNT 0 NSCOUNT 0 ARCOUNT 0 QUESTION SECTION: Offset = 0x000c, RR count = 0 Name "(5)bogus(0)" QTYPE A (1) QCLASS 1 ANSWER SECTION: empty AUTHORITY SECTION: empty ADDITIONAL SECTION: empty 1/25/2012 2:16:01 PM 0E08 PACKET 000000001EA6BFD0 UDP Snd 160.39.114.110 2e94 R Q [8281 DR SERVFAIL] A (5)bogus(0) UDP response info at 000000001EA6BFD0 Socket = 508 Remote addr 160.39.114.110, port 49710 Time Query=1077016, Queued=0, Expire=0 Buf length = 0x0fa0 (4000) Msg length = 0x0017 (23) Message: XID 0x2e94 Flags 0x8182 QR 1 (RESPONSE) OPCODE 0 (QUERY) AA 0 TC 0 RD 1 RA 1 Z 0 CD 0 AD 0 RCODE 2 (SERVFAIL) QCOUNT 1 ACOUNT 0 NSCOUNT 0 ARCOUNT 0 QUESTION SECTION: Offset = 0x000c, RR count = 0 Name "(5)bogus(0)" QTYPE A (1) QCLASS 1 ANSWER SECTION: empty AUTHORITY SECTION: empty ADDITIONAL SECTION: empty Every option in the debug log box was checked except "filter by IP". By contrast, when I query, say, accounts.google.com, I can see the DNS server go out to its forwarder (128.59.59.70, for example). In this case, I didn't see any packets going out from my DNS server even though bogus. was not in the cache (the debug log was already running and this is the first time I queried this server for bogus. or any TLD). It just returned SERVFAIL without consulting any other DNS server, as in the Microsoft KB article linked above.

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• Data transfer to my own computer from a website host by the same computer

  - by gunbuster363

  Hi all, I have a question about using a web site host in my computer, say Computer A, using any web server hosting application e.g : apache. I connect to my website in my very same computer A, and request to download a file of size 1Mb, in otherwords, I am connecting to my own computer and want to download a file in my computer. In addition, my internet access is bound by a proxy server in a way of gateway. The questions are - does the file transfer really exist? Or is it a local file copying between 2 location? Will my data packet go through the proxy, to the internet, and go back to the proxy and return to me? Thanks everyone who are watching this question.

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• How well will ntpd work when the latency is highly variable?

  - by JP Anderson

  I have an application where we are using some non-standard networking equipment (cannot be changed) that goes into a dormant state between traffic bursts. The network latency is very high for the first packet since it's essentially waking the system, waiting for it to reconnect, and then making the first round-trip. Subsequent messages (provided they are within the next minute or so) are much faster, but still highly-latent. A typical set of pings will look like 2500ms, 900ms, 880ms, 885ms, 900ms, 890ms, etc. Given that NTP uses several round trips before computing the offset, how well can I expect ntpd to work over this kind of link? Will the initially slow first round trip be ignored based on the much different (and faster) following messages to/from the ntp server? Thanks and Regards.

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• How to configure a gateway virtual machine

  - by user225706

  I have a VM-host configured with eth0 (10.145.73.207) and eth1(192.168.101.231), and three VMs connecting the Internet through NAT, with the default gateway of 192.168.122.1. Now I want to configure VM2 as a gateway. I added eth0 (192.168.122.63) and eth1 (172.16.1.109) for VM2. It can connect to the Internet with each of them. I changed the default gateway of VM1 from 192.168.122.1 to 192.168.122.63. However, when I traceroute google.com on VM1, it shows that the packet only reaches 192.168.122.63, no further. Any help is appreciated. Thanks.

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• Raw socket sendto() failure in OS X

  - by user37278

  When I open a raw socket is OS X, construct my own udp packet (headers and data), and call sendto(), I get the error "Invalid Argument". Here is a sample program "rawudp.c" from the web site http://www.tenouk.com/Module43a.html that demonstrates this problem. The program (after adding string and stdlib #includes) runs under Fedora 10 but fails with "Invalid Argument" under OS X. Can anyone suggest why this fails in OS X? I have looked and looked and looked at the sendto() call, but all the parameters look good. I'm running the code as root, etc. Is there perhaps a kernel setting that prevents even uid 0 executables from sending packets through raw sockets in OS X Snow Leopard? Thanks.

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• Intermittent 404 on select assets, LAMP stack

  - by Tom Lagier

  We have a LAMP stack WordPress server that is serving most assets correctly. However, one plugin's CSS file and several images are returning soft 404s roughly 20% of the time. I can't find any reference to the 404 in the access logs, but the browser is definitely receiving a 404 response from somewhere (WordPress, I would assume). When I use an alias URL that does not match the site URL but does resolve to the asset path, the resource loads correctly 100% of the time. However, using the site url only resolves for the select, problematic assets 20% of the time. You can test one of the problematic assets here: http://www.mreco.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg However the alias link always resolves correctly: http://mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg Stranger, if I attempt to access outdated content that definitely does not exist on the server, at the live URL it returns the content roughly 50% of the time. Using the alias link, it 404s 100% of the time - the correct behavior. Error log and PHP error log are clean. A sample access log (pulled from grep 'zero-cost.jpg' /var/log/httpd/mr-eco-access_log) from several refreshes of the live direct link (where I am not seeing any 404's): 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:41 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:42 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.176.201.37 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:56 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 57027 Chrome's dev tools list the following network activity before displaying 404 page content: zero-cost.jpg /wp-content/uploads/2014/05 GET 404 Not Found text/html Other 15.9?KB 73.2?KB 953?ms 947?ms My Apache configuration is standard, I've listed the virtual host entry and .htaccess file below. I can provide other parts of Apache config if necessary. Virtual host: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ServerName www.mreco.org ServerAlias mreco.org mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ErrorLog logs/mr-eco-error_log CustomLog logs/mr-eco-access_log common <Directory /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com> AllowOverride All SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </Directory> </VirtualHost> .htaccess: # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress I have checked for multiple A records and can confirm that there is a single A record pointing at the domain: ;; ANSWER SECTION: mreco.org. 60 IN A 50.18.58.174 I'm fairly new to systems administration, and at a complete loss as to what could cause this. In the past, inconsistently 404ing assets have been because of out-of-sync instances behind a load balancer. In this case, it is a single instance behind the load balancer. Because of the inconsistency, it feels like a caching issue. We don't make use of Apache caching, and as far as I know WordPress should not be caching either. What I've done so far: Reset WordPress permalinks Disabled WordPress plugins Re-generated WordPress .htaccess file Swapped ServerName and ServerAlias directives Cleared browser cache Confirmed disk location of resources Checked PHP, access, and error logs Confirmed correct DNS setup (can post if necessary) I'm at a total loss. Thanks for helping me out!

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• Bug in CDP implementation

  - by Suraj

  We are developing a Linux based ethernet switch which has 6 ports. We are done with CDP protocol. I have connected a Cisco device to port 2. When I quiery for the Cisco device, I get the reply and instead of getting lan1 (port 1 - lan0 .. port 6 = lan5), I always get the interface name as eth0. The same is the case for all the ports. What changes are required to get the correct interface name? I will be very thankful for the information. The snap packet is received in the routine snap_rcv() in the file "linux._2.6.XX/net/802/psnap.c"; Regards, Suraj..

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• Ping isn't acting accurate?

  - by Earlz

  I've been trying to diagnose some latency issues with my internet connection. I've been lagging out of online video games and such, which of course could be their server's fault. So, I've been running ping some. It doesn't indicate anything unusual, but it does act a bit strange. I can start it with something like ping internethost -i 0.1 so that it will send a ton of packets, and every 10-20 seconds it will appear to just freeze for 2 or 3 seconds. The packets are still being received in the right order though, and there is no packet loss. The weirdest thing is that after the little freeze up, it will usually just report a ping time that is about 10-30ms higher than the average. How does this happen? Is ping still being accurate? I'm using Arch Linux. The host I'm pinging is my website, which shouldn't be doing any kind of ping slowing or filtering.

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• Rsyslog mail module not working

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  I would like to email snort alerts from my Debian Lenny fw. Syslog is sending log messages from the firewalls to a central rsyslog. On my central rsyslog, I got something like : $ModLoad ommail $ActionMailSMTPServer server.company.local $ActionMailFrom [email protected] $ActionMailTo [email protected] $ActionExecOnlyOnceEveryInterval 1 $template mailSubject,"[SNORT] Alert from %hostname%" $template mailBody,"Snort message\r\nmsg='%msg%'" $ActionMailSubject mailSubject if $msg regexp 'snort[[0-9]]: [[0-9]:[0-9]:[0-9]].*' then ommail:;mailBody But I doesn't get any mails, I even can trigger snort with something like ping -s 1400, it logs things like following but still no mail ! 2010-01-08T09:25:58+00:00 Hostname snort[4429]: [1:499:4] ICMP Large ICMP Packet [Classification: Potentially Bad Traffic] [Priority: 2]: {ICMP} ip_dest - ip_src Any idea ?

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• Windows 7 Machine Makes Router Drop -All- Wireless Connections [closed]

  - by Hammer Bro.

  Note: I accidentally originally posted this question over at SuperUser, and I still think the issue is caused by some low-level networking practice of Windows 7, but I think the expertise here would be more apt to figuring it out. Apologies for the cross-post. Some background: My home network consists of my Desktop, a two-month old Windows 7 (x64) machine which is online most frequently (N-spec), as well as three other Windows XP laptops (all G) that only connect every now and then (one for work, one for Netflix, and the other for infrequent regular laptop uses). I used to have a Belkin F5D8236-4 wireless router, and everything worked great. A week ago, however, I found out that the Belkin absolutely in no way would establish a VPN connection, something that has become important for work. So I bought a Netgear WNR3500v2/U/L. The wireless was acting a little sketchy at first for just the Windows 7 machine, but I thought it had something to do with 802.11N and I was in a hurry so I just fished up an ethernet cable and disabled the computer's wireless. It has now become apparent, though, that whenever the Windows 7 machine is connected to the router, all wireless connections become unstable. I was using my work laptop for a solid six hours today with no trouble, having multiple SSH connections open over VPN and streaming internet radio in the background. Then, within two minutes of turning on this Windows 7 box, I had lost all connectivity over the wireless. And I was two feet away from the router. The same sort of thing happens on all of the other laptops -- Netflix can be playing stuff all weekend, but if I come up here and do things on this (W7) computer, the streaming will be dead within ten minutes. So here are my basic observations: If the Windows 7 machine is off, then all connections will have a Signal Strength of Very Good or Excellent and a Speed of 48-54 Mbps for an indefinite amount of time. Shortly after the Windows 7 machine is turned on, all wireless connections will experience a consistent decline in Speed down to 1.0 Mbps, eventually losing their connection entirely. These machines will continue to maintain 70% signal strength, as observed by themselves and router. Once dropped, a wireless connection will have difficulty reconnecting. And, if a connection manages to become established, it will quickly drop off again. The Windows 7 machine itself will continue to function just fine if it's using a wired connection, although it will experience these same issues over the wireless. All of the drivers and firmwares are up to date, and this happened both with the stock Netgear firmware as well as the (current) DD-WRT. What I've tried: Making sure each computer is being assigned a distinct IP. (They are.) Disabling UPnP and Stateful Packet Inspection on the router. Disabling Network Sharing, SSDP Discovery, TCP/IP NetBios Helper and Computer Browser services on the Windows 7 machine. Disabling QoS Packet Scheduler, IPv6, and Link Layer Topology Discovery options on my ethernet controller (leaving only Client for Microsoft Networks, File and Printer Sharing, and IPv4 enabled). What I think: It seems awfully similar to the problems discussed in detail at http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/wsk/thread/1064e397-9d9b-4ae2-bc8e-c8798e591915 (which was both the most relevant and concrete information I could dig up on the internet). I still think that something the Windows 7 IP stack (or just Operating System itself) is doing is giving the router fits. However, I could be wrong, because I have two key differences. One is that most instances of this problem are reported as the entire router dying or restarting, and mine still works just fine over the wired connection. The other is that it's a new router, tested with both the factory firmware and the (I assume) well-maintained DD-WRT project. Even if Windows 7 is still secretly sending IPv6 packets or the TCP Window Scaling implementation that I hear Vista caused some trouble with (even though I've tried my best to disable anything fancy), this router should support those functions. I don't want to get a new or a replacement router unless someone can convince me that this is a defective unit. But the problem seems too specific and predictable by my instincts to be a hardware hiccup. And I don't want to deal with the inevitable problems that always seem to take half a day to resolve when getting a new router, since I'm frantically working (including tomorrow) to complete a project by next week's deadline. Plus, I think in the worst case scenario, I could keep this router connected directly to the modem, disable its wireless entirely, and connect the old Belkin to it directly. That should allow me to still use VPN (although I'll have to plug my work laptop directly into that router), and then maintain wireless connections for all of the other computers. But that feels so wrong to me. Anyone have any ideas what the cause and possible solution could be? Clarifications: The Windows 7 machine is directly connected via an ethernet cable to the router for everything above. But while it is online, all other computers' wireless connections become unusable. It is not an issue of signal strength or interference -- no other devices within scanning range are using Channel 1, and the problem will affect computers that are literally feet away from the router with 95% signal strength.

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