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  • Drupal auto change user role in module

    - by Marques
    I am trying to write a module that will change a user's permissions once a node form is inserted into the database. I already have a role assigned when a user registers, but i want that role to be changed once they create a 'company' profile in this case which is when they fill out a cck form of 'company_post' type. My code is below... switch ($op) { case 'insert': if ($node->type == 'company_post') { } ? im not sure what to put in the if statement because I don't really know how to reference the users roles or how to change them. ? So my question is what code can I use to change the users current role to a new role? (Both roles are already created in drupal and have seperate permissions)

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  • Routing Business Branches: Granular access control in ASP.NET MVC

    - by FreshCode
    How should ASP.NET MVC routes be structured to allow granular role-based access control to business branches? Every business entity is related to a branch, either by itself or via its parent entities. Is there an elegant way to authorize actions based on user-roles for any number of branches? 1. {branch} in route? {branch}/{controller}/{action}/{id} Action: [Authorize(Roles="Technician")] public ActionResult BusinessWidgetAction(BusinessObject obj) { // Authorize will test if User has Technician role in branch context // ... } 2. Retrieve branch from business entity? {controller}/{action}/{id} Action: public ActionResult BusinessWidgetAction(BusinessObject obj) { if (!User.HasAccessTo("WidgetAction", obj.Branch)) throw new HttpException(403, "No soup for you!"); // or redirect // ... } 3. Or is there a better way?

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  • Can User have more than one roles in asp.net

    - by madness800
    I'm developing a web application I want to use the role authentication to control different parts of the website accessibility. But my problem is say I implemented a upload and download functionality on one of the page and I want to have the ability to control a user whether they can either upload or download; or both. So, I'm not exactly sure if the role base authentication can support a user with more than one role to work the way I want it.

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  • how to programatically determine Bluetooth master/slave roles?

    - by Rich
    So in a bluetooth piconet, there is one master with upto seven slaves. The master sets the clock and frequency hop that the slaves sync with. But is there a way to determine which device is the master and which is the slave? I'm mainly interested in portable devices (Android,iPhone) but beggars can't be choosers, if anybody has info in this field I would be interested. Thanks

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  • Using application roles with DataReader

    - by Shahar
    I have an application that should use an application role from the database. I'm trying to make this work with queries that are actually run using Subsonic (2). To do this, I created my own DataProvider, which inherits from Subsonic's SqlDataProvider. It overrides the CreateConnection function, and calls sp_appsetrole to set the application role after the connection is created. This part works fine, and I'm able to get data using the application role. The problem comes when I try to unset the application role. I couldn't find any place in the code where my provider is called after the query is done, so I tried to add my own, by changing SubSonic code. The problem is that Subsonic uses a data reader. It loads data from the data reader, and then closes it. If I unset the application role before the data reader is closed, I get an error saying: There is already an open DataReader associated with this Command which must be closed first. If I unset the application role after the data reader is closed, I get an error saying ExecuteNonQuery requires an open and available Connection. The connection's current state is closed. I can't seem to find a way to close the data reader without closing the connection.

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  • ASP.NET membership assign roles in Windows Authintication

    - by Abdulrhman
    Hi Guys I'm working on intranet project and for some purpose i have to use windows authintication. my Question is how can i assign the users from my organization active directory to the rules that I've created in Asp.Net Web Site Administration Tool or if there is another way to create and mange rules please tell me about it. thanx alot.

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  • Adding roles from a DB Table

    - by Sunil Ramu
    Can anyone expalin me how to dynamically ger the Role from a DB table instead of hard coding it in the code. ClaimsIdentity outputIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(); outputIdentity.Claims.Add(new Claim(System.IdentityModel.Claims.ClaimTypes.Name, principal.Identity.Name)); outputIdentity.Claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "Manager")); outputIdentity.Claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Country, HttpUtilities.GetProgramIdentifierFromUrl())); return outputIdentity;

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  • Roles for "Hhtpcontext.user" in Asp.net Formauthentication

    - by Hemant Kothiyal
    In asp.net global.asax, where should i write code to assign role in httpcontext.user? What i have read in site is that it should be part of "Application_onPostauthentication" event of global.asax but i am not getting that if i write there then it is execute for each request of user. I think this should fetch one for one authentication at session. I don't know even why microsoft also suggest to write code there? Please if anybody know the fact make me clear?

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  • Rails - inheritance hierarchy of classes where an subtipe can play two roles

    - by Miquel
    I need to model Owners and Rentees in an application, so you have stuff that is always owned by someone and can be rented for someone else. I first approached this problem with Single Table Inheritance because both types of person will share all attributes, so you would have a model called Person associated to a table people with Owner and Rentee inheriting from Person. The problem is that Single type inheritance discerns subtypes using a field type and therefore a record in the table can represent either an Owner or a Rentee but not both at the same time, while in the real context you can have an Owner which is renting something from another Owner and therefore that person is at the same time an Owner and a Rentee. How would you approach this problem? Would you use separated tables fro owners and rentees? Is there any other type of table inheritance in Rails?

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  • Use multiple inheritance to discriminate useage roles?

    - by Arne
    Hi fellows, it's my flight simulation application again. I am leaving the mere prototyping phase now and start fleshing out the software design now. At least I try.. Each of the aircraft in the simulation have got a flight plan associated to them, the exact nature of which is of no interest for this question. Sufficient to say that the operator way edit the flight plan while the simulation is running. The aircraft model most of the time only needs to read-acess the flight plan object which at first thought calls for simply passing a const reference. But ocassionally the aircraft will need to call AdvanceActiveWayPoint() to indicate a way point has been reached. This will affect the Iterator returned by function ActiveWayPoint(). This implies that the aircraft model indeed needs a non-const reference which in turn would also expose functions like AppendWayPoint() to the aircraft model. I would like to avoid this because I would like to enforce the useage rule described above at compile time. Note that class WayPointIter is equivalent to a STL const iterator, that is the way point can not be mutated by the iterator. class FlightPlan { public: void AppendWayPoint(const WayPointIter& at, WayPoint new_wp); void ReplaceWayPoint(const WayPointIter& ar, WayPoint new_wp); void RemoveWayPoint(WayPointIter at); (...) WayPointIter First() const; WayPointIter Last() const; WayPointIter Active() const; void AdvanceActiveWayPoint() const; (...) }; My idea to overcome the issue is this: define an abstract interface class for each usage role and inherit FlightPlan from both. Each user then only gets passed a reference of the appropriate useage role. class IFlightPlanActiveWayPoint { public: WayPointIter Active() const =0; void AdvanceActiveWayPoint() const =0; }; class IFlightPlanEditable { public: void AppendWayPoint(const WayPointIter& at, WayPoint new_wp); void ReplaceWayPoint(const WayPointIter& ar, WayPoint new_wp); void RemoveWayPoint(WayPointIter at); (...) }; Thus the declaration of FlightPlan would only need to be changed to: class FlightPlan : public IFlightPlanActiveWayPoint, IFlightPlanEditable { (...) }; What do you think? Are there any cavecats I might be missing? Is this design clear or should I come up with somethink different for the sake of clarity? Alternatively I could also define a special ActiveWayPoint class which would contain the function AdvanceActiveWayPoint() but feel that this might be unnecessary. Thanks in advance!

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  • Rails - inheritance hierarchy of classes where a subtype can play two roles

    - by Miquel
    I need to model Owners and Rentees in an application, so you have stuff that is always owned by someone and can be rented for someone else. I first approached this problem with Single Table Inheritance because both types of person will share all attributes, so you would have a model called Person associated to a table people with Owner and Rentee inheriting from Person. The problem is that Single type inheritance discerns subtypes using a field type and therefore a record in the table can represent either an Owner or a Rentee but not both at the same time, while in the real context you can have an Owner which is renting something from another Owner and therefore that person is at the same time an Owner and a Rentee. How would you approach this problem? Would you use separated tables for owners and rentees? Is there any other type of table inheritance in Rails?

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  • Expanded securityadmin

    - by user80652
    I'm aware that sysadmin is documented as the server role necessary for creating logins (SQL/Windows-integrated); nevertheless, I'm tasked to find out if there's any other server role (built-in or otherwise) that can be used. To be specific, I'm looking to setup one or two logins with access to create logins, create [database] users, assign users to [database] roles. Potentially reset passwords, but most of the logins are Windows-integrated and it's not necessary. Cannot have access to data at all, nor can these logins have rights to update tables nor create/update roles. Seems my only options so far are to set these 2 logins with securityadmin server role and for the specific databases, configure with db_securityadmin and db_accessadmin... but this configuration doesn't allow for creating logins.

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  • Spring Security: session expiration without redirect to expired-url?

    - by Kdeveloper
    I'm using Spring Security 3.0.2 form based authentication. But I can't figure out how I can configure it so that when a session expires that the request is not redirect to an other page (expired-url) or displays a 'session expires' message. I don't want any redirect or messages, I want that a anonymous session is started just like when a user without a session enters the website. My current configuration: <http> <intercept-url pattern="/login.action*" filters="none"/> <intercept-url pattern="/admin/**" access="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <intercept-url pattern="/**" access="IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY"/> <form-login login-page="/login.action" authentication-failure-url="/login.action?error=failed" login-processing-url="/login-handler.action"/> <logout logout-url="/logoff-execute.action" logout-success-url="/logoff.action?done=1"/> <remember-me key="remember-me-security" services-ref="rememberMeServices"/> <session-management > <concurrency-control max-sessions="1" error-if-maximum-exceeded="false" expired-url="/login.action?error=expired.url"/> </session-management> </http>

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  • How do I use a custom authentication mechanism for a Java web application with Spring Security?

    - by Adam
    Hi, I'm working on a project to convert an existing Java web application to use Spring Web MVC. As a part of this I will migrate the existing log-on/log-off mechanism to use Spring Security. The idea at this stage is to replicate the existing functionality and replace only the web layer, leaving the service classes and objects in place. The required functionality is simple. Access is controlled to URLs and to access certain pages the user must log on. Authentication is performed with a simple username and password along with an extra static piece of information that comes from the login page. There is no notion of a role: once a user has logged on they have access to all of the pages. Behind the scenes, the service layer has a class with a simple authentication method: doAuthenticate(String username, String password, String info) throws ServiceException An exception is thrown if the login fails. I'd like to leave this existing service object that does the authentication intact but to "plug it into" the Spring Security mechanism. Can somebody suggest the best approach to take for this please? Naturally, I'd like to take the path of least resistance and leave the work where possible to Spring... Thanks in advance, Adam.

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  • Are there any security issues to avoid when providing a email-or-username-can-act-as-username login

    - by Tchalvak
    I am in the process of moving from a "username/password" system to one that uses email for login. I don't think that there's any horrible problem with allowing either email or username for login, and I remember seeing sites that I consider somewhat respectable doing it as well, but I'd like to be aware of any major security flaws that I may be introducing. More specifically, here is the pertinent function (the query_row function parameterizes the sql). function authenticate($p_user, $p_pass) { $user = (string)$p_user; $pass = (string)$p_pass; $returnValue = false; if ($user != '' && $pass != '') { // Allow login via username or email. $sql = "SELECT account_id, account_identity, uname, player_id FROM accounts join account_players on account_id=_account_id join players on player_id = _player_id WHERE lower(account_identity) = lower(:login) OR lower(uname) = lower(:login) AND phash = crypt(:pass, phash)"; $returnValue = query_row($sql, array(':login'=>$user, ':pass'=>$pass)); } return $returnValue; } Notably, I have added the WHERE lower(account_identity) = lower(:login) OR lower(uname) = lower(:login) ...etc section to allow graceful backwards compatibility for users who won't be used to using their email for the login procedure. I'm not completely sure that that OR is safe, though. Are there some ways that I should tighten the security of the php code above?

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  • Are there any security issues to avoid when providing a either-email-or-username-can-act-as-username

    - by Tchalvak
    I am in the process of moving from a "username/password" system to one that uses email for login. I don't think that there's any horrible problem with allowing either email or username for login, and I remember seeing sites that I consider somewhat respectable doing it as well, but I'd like to be aware of any major security flaws that I may be introducing. More specifically, here is the pertinent function (the query_row function parameterizes the sql). function authenticate($p_user, $p_pass) { $user = (string)$p_user; $pass = (string)$p_pass; $returnValue = false; if ($user != '' && $pass != '') { // Allow login via username or email. $sql = "SELECT account_id, account_identity, uname, player_id FROM accounts join account_players on account_id=_account_id join players on player_id = _player_id WHERE lower(account_identity) = lower(:login) OR lower(uname) = lower(:login) AND phash = crypt(:pass, phash)"; $returnValue = query_row($sql, array(':login'=>$user, ':pass'=>$pass)); } return $returnValue; } Notably, I have added the WHERE lower(account_identity) = lower(:login) OR lower(uname) = lower(:login) ...etc section to allow graceful backwards compatibility for users who won't be used to using their email for the login procedure. I'm not completely sure that that OR is safe, though. Are there some ways that I should tighten the security of the php code above?

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  • ASP.NET WebAPI Security 5: JavaScript Clients

    - by Your DisplayName here!
    All samples I showed in my last post were in C#. Christian contributed another client sample in some strange language that is supposed to work well in browsers ;) JavaScript client scenarios There are two fundamental scenarios when it comes to JavaScript clients. The most common is probably that the JS code is originating from the same web application that also contains the web APIs. Think a web page that does some AJAX style callbacks to an API that belongs to that web app – Validation, data access etc. come to mind. Single page apps often fall in that category. The good news here is that this scenario just works. The typical course of events is that the user first logs on to the web application – which will result in an authentication cookie of some sort. That cookie will get round-tripped with your AJAX calls and ASP.NET does its magic to establish a client identity context. Since WebAPI inherits the security context from its (web) host, the client identity is also available here. The other fundamental scenario is JavaScript code *not* running in the context of the WebAPI hosting application. This is more or less just like a normal desktop client – either running in the browser, or if you think of Windows 8 Metro style apps as “real” desktop apps. In that scenario we do exactly the same as the samples did in my last post – obtain a token, then use it to call the service. Obtaining a token from IdentityServer’s resource owner credential OAuth2 endpoint could look like this: thinktectureIdentityModel.BrokeredAuthentication = function (stsEndpointAddress, scope) {     this.stsEndpointAddress = stsEndpointAddress;     this.scope = scope; }; thinktectureIdentityModel.BrokeredAuthentication.prototype = function () {     getIdpToken = function (un, pw, callback) {         $.ajax({             type: 'POST',             cache: false,             url: this.stsEndpointAddress,             data: { grant_type: "password", username: un, password: pw, scope: this.scope },             success: function (result) {                 callback(result.access_token);             },             error: function (error) {                 if (error.status == 401) {                     alert('Unauthorized');                 }                 else {                     alert('Error calling STS: ' + error.responseText);                 }             }         });     };     createAuthenticationHeader = function (token) {         var tok = 'IdSrv ' + token;         return tok;     };     return {         getIdpToken: getIdpToken,         createAuthenticationHeader: createAuthenticationHeader     }; } (); Calling the service with the requested token could look like this: function getIdentityClaimsFromService() {     authHeader = authN.createAuthenticationHeader(token);     $.ajax({         type: 'GET',         cache: false,         url: serviceEndpoint,         beforeSend: function (req) {             req.setRequestHeader('Authorization', authHeader);         },         success: function (result) {              $.each(result.Claims, function (key, val) {                 $('#claims').append($('<li>' + val.Value + '</li>'))             });         },         error: function (error) {             alert('Error: ' + error.responseText);         }     }); I updated the github repository, you can can play around with the code yourself.

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  • Leaks on Wikis: "Corporations...You're Next!" Oracle Desktop Virtualization Can Help.

    - by adam.hawley
    Between all the press coverage on the unauthorized release of 251,287 diplomatic documents and on previous extensive releases of classified documents on the events in Iraq and Afghanistan, one could be forgiven for thinking massive leaks are really an issue for governments, but it is not: It is an issue for corporations as well. In fact, corporations are apparently set to be the next big target for things like Wikileaks. Just the threat of such a release against one corporation recently caused the price of their stock to drop 3% after the leak organization claimed to have 5GB of information from inside the company, with the implication that it might be damaging or embarrassing information. At the moment of this blog anyway, we don't know yet if that is true or how they got the information but how did the diplomatic cable leak happen? For the diplomatic cables, according to press reports, a private in the military, with some appropriate level of security clearance (that is, he apparently had the correct level of security clearance to be accessing the information...he reportedly didn't "hack" his way through anything to get to the documents which might have raised some red flags...), is accused of accessing the material and copying it onto a writeable CD labeled "Lady Gaga" and walking out the door with it. Upload and... Done. In the same article, the accused is quoted as saying "Information should be free. It belongs in the public domain." Now think about all the confidential information in your company or non-profit... from credit card information, to phone records, to customer or donor lists, to corporate strategy documents, product cost information, etc, etc.... And then think about that last quote above from what was a very junior level person in the organization...still feeling comfortable with your ability to control all your information? So what can you do to guard against these types of breaches where there is no outsider (or even insider) intrusion to detect per se, but rather someone with malicious intent is physically walking out the door with data that they are otherwise allowed to access in their daily work? A major first step it to make it physically, logistically much harder to walk away with the information. If the user with malicious intent has no way to copy to removable or moble media (USB sticks, thumb drives, CDs, DVDs, memory cards, or even laptop disk drives) then, as a practical matter it is much more difficult to physically move the information outside the firewall. But how can you control access tightly and reliably and still keep your hundreds or even thousands of users productive in their daily job? Oracle Desktop Virtualization products can help.Oracle's comprehensive suite of desktop virtualization and access products allow your applications and, most importantly, the related data, to stay in the (highly secured) data center while still allowing secure access from just about anywhere your users need to be to be productive.  Users can securely access all the data they need to do their job, whether from work, from home, or on the road and in the field, but fully configurable policies set up centrally by privileged administrators allow you to control whether, for instance, they are allowed to print documents or use USB devices or other removable media.  Centrally set policies can also control not only whether they can download to removable devices, but also whether they can upload information (see StuxNet for why that is important...)In fact, by using Sun Ray Client desktop hardware, which does not contain any disk drives, or removable media drives, even theft of the desktop device itself would not make you vulnerable to data loss, unlike a laptop that can be stolen with hundreds of gigabytes of information on its disk drive.  And for extreme security situations, Sun Ray Clients even come standard with the ability to use fibre optic ethernet networking to each client to prevent the possibility of unauthorized monitoring of network traffic.But even without Sun Ray Client hardware, users can leverage Oracle's Secure Global Desktop software or the Oracle Virtual Desktop Client to securely access server-resident applications, desktop sessions, or full desktop virtual machines without persisting any application data on the desktop or laptop being used to access the information.  And, again, even in this context, the Oracle products allow you to control what gets uploaded, downloaded, or printed for example.Another benefit of Oracle's Desktop Virtualization and access products is the ability to rapidly and easily shut off user access centrally through administrative polices if, for example, an employee changes roles or leaves the company and should no longer have access to the information.Oracle's Desktop Virtualization suite of products can help reduce operating expense and increase user productivity, and those are good reasons alone to consider their use.  But the dynamics of today's world dictate that security is one of the top reasons for implementing a virtual desktop architecture in enterprises.For more information on these products, view the webpages on www.oracle.com and the Oracle Technology Network website.

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  • How to find domain registrar and DNS hosting with good DNSSEC support?

    - by rsp
    Simplified problem I want to buy a domain and make a website that is fully secured with DNSSEC. Background I've been hearing about the insecurity of DNS for years. I've watched all of the talks by Dan Kaminsky and others from DNS exploits to The future of DNS Security Panel. I knew that using DNS without security is a disaster waiting to happen. I followed the development of the DNSSEC standard. I celebrated the key signing ceremony. Everything was on the right track to finally have a secure DNS system in place. And now more than 2 years later I wanted to just do what everyone said I should do: use DNSSEC for a new domain. So I need a domain registrar and a DNS hosting service that supports DNSSEC. Surprisingly it is not that easy to even find out who does support DNSSEC. It was actually much easier to find info on DNSSEC two years ago when everyone was going to support DNSSEC Real Soon Now but now years passed and I hardly see any progress done. I just hope that I was just looking in the wrong places and someone here will explain all of the doubts. I hope that other people who want to have a secure website will also find this question useful. What is needed registrar and DNS servers with full DNSSEC support for .com domains What is not needed IPv6 support Web hosting anything more What I found out so far Go Daddy offers Premium DNS service for additional $36 per year that lets you "Secure up to 5 domains with DNSSEC". easyDNS has DNSSEC available in Beta across all service levels (you need to enable the "beta" flag in configuration) but it doesn't seem to be production ready and judging from the lack of updates it isn't a feature of highest priority (the last update from March 2011 on the easyDNS blog). Name.com - according to The Register (US domain registrar does IPv6, DNSSEC) it has DNSSEC support since 2010 but right now (October 2012) I couldn't find anything related to DNSSEC on their website. Dynadot that is very often recommended doesn't support DNSSEC Namecheap that is also often recommended doesn't support DNSSEC. The support answer from 2011 suggested that it was being added but in 2012 still no ETA is given to customers. DynDNS was supposed to support DNSSEC, I found a link explaining DNSSEC support but it gives 404 Not Found page and offers a search box - when searching for DNSSEC I get "No results were found for your query." GKG was recommended online for DNSSEC support but it's hard to find any information on the level of DNSSEC support - there is a brief explanation on what is DNSSEC and how to sign Delegation Signer records in their FAQ but no information about the level of actual support can be found. Ask Slashdot: Which Registrars Support DNSSEC? from July 2011 - Answers list Go Daddy, DynDNS, GKG, Name.com as registrars that support DNSSEC but: see above. Related questions How to find web hosting that meets my requirements? What is needed to add DNSSEC to my site? DNS hosting better managed by Domain provider or Hosting provider? Registrar with good security, DNS hosting, and DNSSEC and IPv6 resolvers? In no. 1 no one is ever mentioning DNS at all. In no. 2 answers only mention the .se TLD, there are very few answers and they seem very outdated. In no. 3 one answer says "On projects that demand higher security, I might look for a web host that supports DNSSEC" but no more information is provided. The only relevant answers are in no. 4 where easyDNS is recommended by someone who has never used them personally. Meanwhile, as of October 2012, the support of DNSSEC is described as "in beta" on the easyDNS feature list. Another one recommends SiteGround but searching their site for DNSSEC returns no results. Other answers recommend web hosting providers that don't meet the requirement of DNSSEC support. Also the question mentioned above lists 9 very specific requirements other than only DNSSEC (like eg. HTTP-only login cookies, two-factor authentications, no DNS record limits, DNS statistics of queries/day, audit trails etc.) which might have excluded many possible recommendations if one is only interested in DNSSEC support. Conclusions I thought that by the end of 2012 the support of DNSSEC among domain registrars and DNS providers would be nearly universal. I am shocked that the support seems virtually nonexistent. Is this a result of some serious problems with the DNSSEC adoption? Or is it just not a hot topic and no one bothers anymore? According to the DNSSEC Scoreboard roughly about 0.1% of .com domains support DNSSEC. Could that be caused by the lack of DNSSEC support among registrars and DNS providers, is the information too hard to find or maybe no one cares? There is even no "dnssec" tag here. Questions The information is surprisingly hard to find. That is why I am asking for first-hand experience and personal recommendations. Has anyone here actually set up a website with DNSSEC, from the domain registration to the configuration of DNS servers? Can anyone recommend any of the registrars mentioned above? Can anyone recommend any registrar not mentioned above?

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  • Take Advantage of Oracle's Ongoing Assurance Effort!

    - by eric.maurice
    Hi, this is Eric Maurice again! A few years ago, I posted a blog entry, which discussed the psychology of patching. The point of this blog entry was that a natural tendency existed for systems and database administrators to be reluctant to apply patches, even security patches, because of the fear of "breaking" the system. Unfortunately, this belief in the principle "if it ain't broke, don't fix it!" creates significant risks for organizations. Running systems without applying the proper security patches can greatly compromise the security posture of the organization because the security controls available in the affected system may be compromised as a result of the existence of the unfixed vulnerabilities. As a result, Oracle continues to strongly recommend that customers apply all security fixes as soon as possible. Most recently, I have had a number of conversations with customers who questioned the need to upgrade their highly stable but otherwise unsupported Oracle systems. These customers wanted to know more about the kind of security risks they were exposed to, by running obsolete versions of Oracle software. As per Oracle Support Policies, Critical Patch Updates are produced for currently supported products. In other words, Critical Patch Updates are not created by Oracle for product versions that are no longer covered under the Premier Support or Extended Support phases of the Lifetime Support Policy. One statement used in each Critical Patch Update Advisory is particularly important: "We recommend that customers upgrade to a supported version of Oracle products in order to obtain patches. Unsupported products, releases and versions are not tested for the presence of vulnerabilities addressed by this Critical Patch Update. However, it is likely that earlier versions of affected releases are also affected by these vulnerabilities." The purpose of this warning is to inform Oracle customers that a number of the vulnerabilities fixed in each Critical Patch Update may affect older versions of a specific product line. In other words, each Critical Patch Update provides a number of fixes for currently supported versions of a given product line (this information is listed for each bug in the Risk Matrices of the Critical Patch Update Advisory), but the unsupported versions in the same product line, while they may be affected by the vulnerabilities, will not receive the fixes, and are therefore vulnerable to attacks. The risk assumed by organizations wishing to remain on unsupported versions is amplified by the behavior of malicious hackers, who typically will attempt to, and sometimes succeed in, reverse-engineering the content of vendors' security fixes. As a result, it is not uncommon for exploits to be published soon after Oracle discloses vulnerabilities with the release of a Critical Patch Update or Security Alert. Let's consider now the nature of the vulnerabilities that may exist in obsolete versions of Oracle software. A number of severe vulnerabilities have been fixed by Oracle over the years. While Oracle does not test unsupported products, releases and versions for the presence of vulnerabilities addressed by each Critical Patch Update, it should be assumed that a number of the vulnerabilities fixed with the Critical Patch Update program do exist in unsupported versions (regardless of the product considered). The most severe vulnerabilities fixed in past Critical Patch Updates may result in full compromise of the targeted systems, down to the OS level, by remote and unauthenticated users (these vulnerabilities receive a CVSS Base Score of 10.0) or almost as critically, may result in the compromise of the affected systems (without compromising the underlying OS) by a remote and unauthenticated users (these vulnerabilities receive a CVSS Base Score of 7.5). Such vulnerabilities may result in complete takeover of the targeted machine (for the CVSS 10.0), or may result in allowing the attacker the ability to create a denial of service against the affected system or even hijacking or stealing all the data hosted by the compromised system (for the CVSS 7.5). The bottom line is that organizations should assume the worst case: that the most critical vulnerabilities are present in their unsupported version; therefore, it is Oracle's recommendation that all organizations move to supported systems and apply security patches in a timely fashion. Organizations that currently run supported versions but may be late in their security patch release level can quickly catch up because most Critical Patch Updates are cumulative. With a few exceptions noted in Oracle's Critical Patch Update Advisory, the application of the most recent Critical Patch Update will bring these products to current security patch level and provide the organization with the best possible security posture for their patch level. Furthermore, organizations are encouraged to upgrade to most recent versions as this will greatly improve their security posture. At Oracle, our security fixing policies state that security fixes are produced for the main code line first, and as a result, our products benefit from the mistakes made in previous version(s). Our ongoing assurance effort ensures that we work diligently to fix the vulnerabilities we find, and aim at constantly improving the security posture our products provide by default. Patch sets include numerous in-depth fixes in addition to those delivered through the Critical Patch Update and, in certain instances, important security fixes require major architectural changes that can only be included in new product releases (and cannot be backported through the Critical Patch Update program). For More Information: • Mary Ann Davidson is giving a webcast interview on Oracle Software Security Assurance on February 24th. The registration link for attending this webcast is located at http://event.on24.com/r.htm?e=280304&s=1&k=6A7152F62313CA09F77EBCEEA9B6294F&partnerref=EricMblog • A blog entry discussing Oracle's practices for ensuring the quality of Critical patch Updates can be found at http://blogs.oracle.com/security/2009/07/ensuring_critical_patch_update_quality.html • The blog entry "To patch or not to patch" is located at http://blogs.oracle.com/security/2008/01/to_patch_or_not_to_patch.html • Oracle's Support Policies are located at http://www.oracle.com/us/support/policies/index.html • The Critical Patch Update & Security Alert page is located at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/alerts-086861.html

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  • How do you make Bastille work and secure Ubuntu 12.04? It doesnt work for me `sudo bastille -x`

    - by BobMil
    I was able to install bastille from the normal repositories and then run the GUI. After going through the options and clicking OK to apply, it showed these errors. Do you know why Bastille wont work on Ubuntu 12.04? NOTE: Executing PSAD Specific Configuration NOTE: Executing File Permissions Specific Configuration NOTE: Executing Account Security Specific Configuration NOTE: Executing Boot Security Specific Configuration ERROR: Unable to open /etc/inittab as the swap file /etc/inittab.bastille already exists. Rename the swap file to allow Bastille to make desired file modifications. ERROR: open /etc/inittab.bastille failed... ERROR: open /etc/inittab failed. ERROR: Couldn't insert line to /etc/inittab, since open failed.NOTE: Executing Inetd Specific Configuration

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