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• Free, Linux-based rescue CD for Windows machines

  - by Adam Matan

  Hi, Too often, I'm being called to help a friend who screwed a Windows machine by some creative methods. Th usual remedy is backing up the hard drive contents and reinstalling. Right now, this is done by removing the defected hard drive to my machine. I figured out that using a rescue disk running some version of Linux might ease the process. I'm looking for: NTFS access Partition tools Large variety of drivers (Network, Hard drives, etc.) GUI and some rescue wizards a great plus. Any ideas? Adam

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• Understanding top output in Linux

  - by Rayne

  Hi, I'm trying to determine the CPU usage of a program by looking at the output from Top in Linux. I understand that %us means userspace and %sy means system/kernel etc. But say I see 100%us. Does this mean that the CPU is really only doing useful work? What if a CPU is tied up waiting for resources that are not avaliable, or cache misses, would it also show up in the %us column, or any other column? Thank you.

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• Linux - use dhcp again to get IP

  - by Markus Orreilly

  I had statically set my ip in Linux using: sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.blah.blah Now I want it to go back to using DHCP to assign the IP. How do I do that? This is what I see when I run dhclient Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.2 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ Listening on LPF/eth0/08:00:27:9b:43:09 Sending on LPF/eth0/08:00:27:9b:43:09 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.56.104 on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67

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• help setting up an IPSEC vpn from my linux box

  - by robthewolf

  I have an office with a router and a remote server (Linux - Ubuntu 10.10). Both locations need to connect to a data supplier through a VPN. The VPN is an IPSEC gateway. I was able to configure my Linksys rv42 router to create a VPN connection successfully and now I need to do the same for Linux server. I have been messing around with this for too long. First I tried OpenVPN, but that is SSL and not IPSEC. Then I tried Shrew. I think I have the settings correct but I haven't been able to create the connection. It maybe that I have to use something else like a direct IPSEC config or something like that. If someone knows of a way to turn the following settings that I have been given below into a working IPSEC VPN connection I would be very grateful. Here are the settings I was given that must be used to connect to my supplier: Local destination network: 192.168.4.0/24 Local destination hosts: 192.168.4.100 Remote destination network: 192.167.40.0/24 Remote destination hosts: 192.168.40.27 VPN peering point: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Then they have given me the following details: IPSEC/ISAKMP Phase 1 Parameters: Authentication method: pre shared secret Diffie Hellman group: group 2 Encryption Algorithm: 3DES Lifetime in seconds:28800 Phase 2 parameters: IPSEC security: ESP Encryption algortims: 3DES Authentication algorithms: MD5 lifetime in seconds: 28800 pfs: disabled Here are the settings from my attempt to use shrew: n:version:2 n:network-ike-port:500 n:network-mtu-size:1380 n:client-addr-auto:0 n:network-frag-size:540 n:network-dpd-enable:1 n:network-notify-enable:1 n:client-banner-enable:1 n:client-dns-used:1 b:auth-mutual-psk:YjJzN2QzdDhyN2EyZDNpNG42ZzQ= n:phase1-dhgroup:2 n:phase1-keylen:0 n:phase1-life-secs:28800 n:phase1-life-kbytes:0 n:vendor-chkpt-enable:0 n:phase2-keylen:0 n:phase2-pfsgroup:-1 n:phase2-life-secs:28800 n:phase2-life-kbytes:0 n:policy-nailed:0 n:policy-list-auto:1 n:client-dns-auto:1 n:network-natt-port:4500 n:network-natt-rate:15 s:client-dns-addr:0.0.0.0 s:client-dns-suffix: s:network-host:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx s:client-auto-mode:pull s:client-iface:virtual s:client-ip-addr:192.168.4.0 s:client-ip-mask:255.255.255.0 s:network-natt-mode:enable s:network-frag-mode:disable s:auth-method:mutual-psk s:ident-client-type:address s:ident-client-data:192.168.4.0 s:ident-server-type:address s:ident-server-data:192.168.40.0 s:phase1-exchange:aggressive s:phase1-cipher:3des s:phase1-hash:md5 s:phase2-transform:3des s:phase2-hmac:md5 s:ipcomp-transform:disabled Finally here is the debug output from the shrew log: 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : ipc client process thread begin ... 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : peer config add message 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : peer added ( obj count = 1 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local address 217.xxx.xxx.xxx selected for peer 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : tunnel added ( obj count = 1 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : proposal config message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : proposal config message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : client config message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : local id '192.168.4.0' message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : remote id '192.168.40.0' message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : preshared key message 10/12/22 17:22:18 < A : peer tunnel enable message 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : new phase1 ( ISAKMP initiator ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : exchange type is aggressive 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 <- 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : c1a8b31ac860995d:0000000000000000 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : phase1 added ( obj count = 1 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : security association payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : - proposal #1 payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : -- transform #1 payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : key exchange payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : nonce payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : identification payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( draft v00 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( draft v01 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( draft v02 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( draft v03 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports nat-t ( rfc ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local supports DPDv1 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local is SHREW SOFT compatible 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local is NETSCREEN compatible 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local is SIDEWINDER compatible 10/12/22 17:22:18 : vendor id payload 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : local is CISCO UNITY compatible 10/12/22 17:22:18 = : cookies c1a8b31ac860995d:0000000000000000 10/12/22 17:22:18 = : message 00000000 10/12/22 17:22:18 - : send IKE packet 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 - 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 ( 484 bytes ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 DB : phase1 resend event scheduled ( ref count = 2 ) 10/12/22 17:22:18 ii : opened tap device tap0 10/12/22 17:22:28 - : resend 1 phase1 packet(s) 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 - 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 10/12/22 17:22:38 - : resend 1 phase1 packet(s) 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 - 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 10/12/22 17:22:48 - : resend 1 phase1 packet(s) 217.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 - 206.xxx.xxx.xxx:500 10/12/22 17:22:58 ii : resend limit exceeded for phase1 exchange 10/12/22 17:22:58 ii : phase1 removal before expire time 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : phase1 deleted ( obj count = 0 ) 10/12/22 17:22:58 ii : closed tap device tap0 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : tunnel stats event canceled ( ref count = 1 ) 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : removing tunnel config references 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : removing tunnel phase2 references 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : removing tunnel phase1 references 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : tunnel deleted ( obj count = 0 ) 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : removing all peer tunnel refrences 10/12/22 17:22:58 DB : peer deleted ( obj count = 0 ) 10/12/22 17:22:58 ii : ipc client process thread exit ...

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• Arch linux ati graphics crash after grub install

  - by Jay

  Ok, so I've had an arch linux w/ gnome 3 installed for a while now. And a while ago I installed ubuntu as another partition, I think to fix an issue that cause arch to fail. So, it was all working fine, but then I went and reinstalled grub 1 on the arch partition; Ubuntu had overwritten it on the install. Then when I tried to boot into arch it booted, but the graphics wasn't working correctly: gdm wouldn't even show, and there were weird colors instead. So, I uninstalled xf86-video-ati and then installed xf86-video-vesa. That made gdm run in fallback mode and I was able to boot to gnome 3 fallback mode (or whatever it's called). But I can't seem to get the graphics working correctly.

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• How to install and Configure MTA on Linux [closed]

  - by Umair Mustafa

  I need to know which MTA's is better and simple to handle and configure in linux. As I need to run a script that will send me the output of that command whenever it will run using cron. Ok the case is this. Every day I have to manually check the Disk space of server which are more than 30 which is headache and have to document that. So I will simply add the follwing command DF- H and the output of this command should be send on my email. So now IF u got the story then tell me what MTA is better sendmail, postfix and some instructions on HOW TO INSTALL and CONFIGURE it. And after configuring the How do I add the DF -H so that it will start seniding me the output on my email. Thanks in advance.

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• How to discern video details from Linux Live CD

  - by Chris Lieb

  I was having trouble getting X.Org to work with the video card in a recently aquired laptop, so I decided to try to probe around the configuration of a Linux Live CD to figure out how to set up my kernel. I chose the Sabayon 5.0 Live DVD because it was the only one that I could find that was the same or newer than the 2.6.32 kernel I have installed on the laptop right now. Of course, the DVD booted right into GNOME without issue, unlike the hangs and crashes that I had been getting. So, I want to figure out what kernel driver this Live DVD is currently using, but I don't know how to. hwinfo doesn't shed any light on the matter, and lspci -vnn doesn't list a driver for my video device, though both methods correctly identify that I have an Intel 855GM video processor. How can I find out this information?

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• configure Heartbeat on Centos Linux - error message

  - by Elad Dotan

  I installed Heartbeat on my Centos Linux and it seems to partially work..but I'm trying to monitor a service with no success. only when I reboot the main server the backup server takes over. in the logs I get : heartbeat[30476]: 2012/03/20_18:51:57 WARN: string2msg_ll: node [node1] failed authentication heartbeat[30476]: 2012/03/20_18:51:58 WARN: string2msg_ll: node [node02] failed authentication the authkeys is identical (copied from one to another). this is my ha.cf: logfile /var/log/ha-log logfacility local0 keepalive 2 deadtime 30 initdead 120 bcast eth0 udpport 694 auto_failback on node server01.com node server02.com haresources : server01.com 38.108.117.3 aim chat any idea how to fix the problem so if a service stops the other server take over Thanks! E.

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• Is there a stable Linux distro using btrfs?

  - by chrish

  I'm a big fan of ZFS on FreeBSD (I've been using it on my home server since before it got stable; bleeding edge, baby!) and I'd like to try out btrfs to see how that's evolving. Since it's still largely in development, none of the usual mainstream distros have btrfs as an option. I haven't used Linux in a bunch of years, so I don't really know what my best options are for giving btrfs a try. Requirements: easy to install btrfs supported without requiring me to rebuild the kernel Thanks!

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• portable usb harddisk regardless in windows and ubuntu / linux environment

  - by user8184

  I am doing web development mostly in ubuntu. Sometimes i need to go into windows to do other administrative work. Now i am ignorant about file systems. I cannot tell the difference between NTFS and FAT32. My eyes just glaze over the wikipedia articles. All I know is i have been using this 320 Gb portable USB harddisk to save files when I am in ubuntu and when I am in windows. Now i got a situation where sometimes the windows 7 cannot detect the harddisk. I believe it has to do with the file system issue. Or my harddisk is coming apart. To make it easy to backup my files in a portable USB harddisk regardless in ubuntu or windows, please advise me. That means i can go from from linux/ubuntu to portable harddisk read/write files from windows 7 to portable harddisk read/write files the same files. Thank you.

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• Installing a program on Linux: providing a short command

  - by rwallace

  Suppose you're distributing a program to run on Linux, call it Foo, and the program executable is called foo.exe (because it's a CLR program so it runs under Mono) and it needs a couple of DLLs in the same directory and maybe a later version might need some data files that it reads on startup and whatever, so relocating it to a global bin directory is a bit of hassle and it really prefers to remain in its original directory... But the user would prefer to invoke the program by typing foo instead of mono /path/to/foo.exe. What's the best/most usual way to provide such a short command? Can/should an install script/makefile create a one line script called foo that invokes the full path, and put the one line script in a global bin directory? If so, what should be the target bin directory, and are there any directions about exactly how to do this? Or is there a preferred alternative?

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• Installing Linux kernel 2.6.25.14 on RHEL 5.4

  - by aaron

  I have to install Linux kernel version 2.5.25.14 on a RHEL 5.4 server because of drive compatibility issues. I follow the RedHat "Building a Custom Kernel" instructions running the following: $ make mrproper $ make xconfig $ make clean $ make bzImage $ make modules $ make modules_install $ make install But I get a bunch of warnings like this: WARNING: No module ehci-hcd found for kernel 2.6.25.24, continuing anyway When I try to boot this kernel it is unable to mount the hard drive, and kernel panics on startup. As far as I can tell I'm using a standard configuration (I just accept the defaults and save a .config file). Is there something I'm missing? Thanks.

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• Questions about linux root file system.

  - by smwikipedia

  I read the manual page of the "mount" command, at it reads as below: All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at /. These files can be spread out over several devices. The mount command serves to attach the file system found on some device to the big file tree. My questions are: Where is this "big tree" located? Suppose I have 2 disks, if I mount them onto some point in the "big tree", does linux place some "special marks" in the mount point to indicate that these 2 "mount directories" are indeed seperate disks?

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• File doesn't exist in Linux although it's located in Terminal

  - by Mazen Ayman

  I'm a bit new to unix/linux environment, but I have a small problem. I'm using "locate" to find the path of a file I need, it gives me the path for it, but the file doesn't exist in that path, like that: locate test1.txt /home/user/test files/text1.txt /home/user/test1.txt~ "test files" directory is where I was keeping the file and I copied it to the home directory once but I deleted it, no idea what it keeps telling me there is still a tmp file for it. it worth mentioning that I used the command: locate test1.txt~ |xargs -n1 rm to remove that tmp file, but maybe that what caused the problem. I tried to show hidden files, and check for temp files, didn't find it either. any clue what happened?

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• my linux problems and solutions [closed]

  - by Delirium tremens

  I read somewhere in StackOverflow or StackOverflow Meta that if I had a problem, then solved it myself, I can share the problem and solution with you. How do I? in Linux: remove unneeded packages using apt-get play spc and psf update the system using apt-get in Mint: install lamp install and configure xdebug enable xdebug for cakephp install bazaar colo rename a repository directory when bazaar explorer fails init a repository when bazaar explorer fails use ssh key with launchpad uninstall firefox 3 when synaptic fails install minefield make pearltrees load when flash fails edit clojure documents install compojure create a new compojure project in Kubuntu enable phpmyadmin after installing lamp stop MySQLdb module error in webpy in Ubuntu stop the mouse pointer from disappearing fix the color stop sync read-only filesystem error stop download prompt instead of site enable phpmyadmin after installing lamp enable mod_rewrite after installing lamp

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• Linux - How to manage the password of root?

  - by Jonathan Rioux

  We have just deployed a couple of Linux server. Each sysadmin will have his own account on the server (i.e.: jsmith), and will connect using SSH with a certificate which will be put into the "authorized_keys" file in their home directory. Once connected on the server, if they want to issue an elevated command, they will do like: sudo ifconfig They will then enter the root password. What I would like to know now are the best practices in managing that root password. Should I change it periodicaly? And how do I share that new password with the sysadmins? **Of course I will disable the root logon in SSH.

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• Notepad/Edit equivalent for Linux command line

  - by Jason Kester

  I'm looking for a simple text editor that I can use from the command line in Linux to edit files. I'm used to editing files in windows, so I'm looking for something with the same keyboard interface. That means: SHIFT+Arrow Keys/PGUP/PGDN to select text CTRL+C, CTRL+X, CTRL+V to copy/cut/paste And that's pretty much it. Surprisingly I'm having a tough time finding something like this. Vi/emacs are naturally out. Nano comes close, but has its own non-standard cut/paste/select keyboard shortcuts. Surely this thing exists somewhere. Thanks in advance for pointing me in the right direction.

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• Question about the linux root file system.

  - by smwikipedia

  I read the manual page of the "mount" command, at it reads as below: All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at /. These files can be spread out over several devices. The mount command serves to attach the file system found on some device to the big file tree. My questions are: Where is this "big tree" located? Suppose I have 2 disks, if I mount them onto some point in the "big tree", does linux place some "special marks" in the mount point to indicate that these 2 "mount directories" are indeed seperate disks?

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• Live resize of a GPT partition on Linux

  - by cyberz

  On Linux I used to resize MBR partitions using fdisk, even on live filesystems, and then issue a resize2fs/pvresize/... (depending on fs type) to get the new space allocated. Lately I've been using Xen and GPT partitions, and I've noticed that unfortunately parted doesn't seem to allow on-the-fly resizing of a mounted partition, in fact it will complain: Error: Partition XXX is being used. You must unmount it before you modify it with Parted. I've tried both the resize command and even rm + mkpart combination, but they will both complain about the partition being mounted. How can I do that?

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• Intsalling Linux on PowerEdge R410 via USB

  - by Bill Johnson

  I’m hoping someone can help me with the following issue. I have a Dell PowerEdge R410 and basically the Optical Drive has failed when I have been given the server. I have installed 2 SATA drives and want to install Ubuntu 11.04; however, each time I have tried i.e. using bootable .iso on USB it failed. I assume it's failing as with a lot of releases they all look at the CD drive. Ubunutu has failed on installation with the error message unable to mount CD. I have tried installing Microsoft Hyper-v and that also fails as during installation it asks for CD/DVD drivers. Tried embedding ISO's from various distro's (Linux and Windows) with drivers and that hasn't worked out either. Does anyone have any idea on how I can get Ubuntu on this server? Should I look towards an old distro perhaps?

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• Command line audio library manager for Linux

  - by Ketil

  Hi all Hear is my set-up, I have a Linux server that is running Music Player Demon, all the audio files are under a dir (/muzik) which is exported by NFS. So to add files to the MPD database, I just drop the files into the /muzik NFS share and up date the MPD db, so far so good, but I would like to keep the dir strucher belowe /muzik in sum sort of order. To achieve this I am using Amarok, wich a start on my laptop and then use the organise files command to sort the files in into a sensible dir strucher based on the tags in the files. Do you know of any command line utility that can do the same thing that I am using Amarok for so I can run it from cron on the server and automate the process? I hope that this make sense.

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• Linux only recognizes 800Mhz from 2Ghz

  - by Leo

  I tried with Suse 11 (KDE), Xubuntu 11.10 and Lubuntu 11.10 and these systems only recognizes 800Mhz from my processor of 2Ghz! The utilities I used are: linuxinfo, sysinfo, "system profiler and benchmark". And all of this only shows 800Mhz My system specs are: AMD Turion 64 Mobile MK36 512 RAM nVidia Geforce Go 6150 (I also tried with nVidia restricted drivers) 120GB Hard drive The weirdest thing is that Windows XP and 7 recognize the 2Ghz of my processor, What can I do? p.s. (It is not just the value of 800Mhz, I also feel my system very slow with linux)

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• install grub on pendrive containing linux installation, making it system independent

  - by arpit

  i have a win7 system and i want to install debian 6 on usb flash drive. the problem is grub loader. i want to install the grub loader on usb itself, so i can just plug in the pendrive in any computer and boot to deb6. so in effect making the flash drive an independent system. i tried it earlier, but ended up with grub loader needing me to insert the pendrive every time to give me boot options to even boot the win7 system, even though it was on primary hdd. so is there a way to turn the pendrive into full linux system with own boot loader, which can automatically detect os in the system i plug it in and be able to boot any of them. totally, self sufficient and system independent; making the pen drive so that it only needs a host system to run the os it carries. thank you, waiting for replies.

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• Sabnzbd Installed on Linux NAS

  - by Mike Szp.

  I installed SABnzbd on a linux formatted NAS. Now the directory it downloads to is mapped differently on the NAS itself, because the path that SABnzbd knows about starts in it's own folder. If this sounds confusing let me give you an example: \\MYNAS\Volume_1\ That is the path of the drive on the NAS. I would like my SABnzbd downloads to go to: \\MYNAS\Volume_1\Downloads Right now SABnzbd is installed to: \\MYNAS\Volume_1\ffp\opt\optware\share\SABnzbd And the default download directory (as indicated in SABnzbd is): /ffp/opt/optware/share/SABnzbd/downloads/complete I know that the mapping is different somehow because It is installed on the NAS, but I just am lost as to what I should do. So far, I have tried for the complete folder: /192.168.restofip/Volume_1/downloads/complete /Volumes/Volume_1/downloads/complete /Volume_1/downloads/complete Does anyone know how to change the path so that I can have it download to one of the topmost folders on the NAS instead of having it download to a folder so deep in the drive?

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• UEFI - Linux Mint Boot from USB Doesn't work

  - by Joe Bennett

  I'm running Linux Mint (only OS other than in VirtualBox) and wanting to remove it. I've created a Live USB of Windows 8 using Windows 7 USB/DVD Download Tool - Yes, I know it says Windows 7 but I've been doing research and I am hearing from everywhere that it also works for Windows 8. The ISO was loaded on just fine (AFAIK) Computer came with Windows 8 pre-installed I have Safe boot and Fast boot disabled in the BIOS Settings I have USB as my first boot option I have tried both the USB 2.0 and 3.0 ports Yet, Mint is all that will boot up. Anybody have a similar issue? If it helps, the computer is a Toshiba Satellite S855D Laptop with an AMD APU quad-core processor (3 CPU, 1 GPU)

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