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• Imac g5 with no OS nor CD drive

  - by sinekonata

  What I want: Ubuntu on a g5 Imac. What I have: An empty PC (Intel g5 17" Imac) with broken CD drive. Its model is A1173. This PC with Ubuntu 12.04 and an old Vista partition. a usb flash drive. Problems: No CD means the only boot Drive I could use is USB. There are no BIOS on Macs so I can't set boot settings or even see if it detects my USB drive. When I start the machine and press ALT the first and only thing I see is an old corrupted winXP partition and not a single option or additional information. So assuming blindly that the Mac hardware/firmware works normally, I don't have any Mac OS to use any of the tools that I found on different tutorials for building a bootable .img drive for macs. I can't find much software on Linux/Windows to substitute to those tools, for example among others converting an .iso file (win/linux) to .img (mac I guess). Which makes me think that the scenario where someone like me has Mac hardware but no Mac OS is extremely rare. So other than finding someone that has a Mac I have no solution. So I ask what would you do? the only thing is it should not involve any money (I know mac soft is rarely free) which also excludes getting any MacOS unless I can use a free macos.img for VM or restore the original Mac for free. Thank you

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• Recovering ZFS pool with errors on import.

  - by Sqeaky

  I have a machine that had some trouble with some bad RAM. After I diagnosed it and removed the offending stick of RAM, The ZFS pool in the machine was trying to access drives by using incorrect device names. I simply exported the pool and re-imported it to correct this. However I am now getting this error. The pool Storage no longer automatically mounts sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool status no pools available A regular import says its corrupt sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool import pool: Storage id: 13247750448079582452 state: UNAVAIL status: The pool is formatted using an older on-disk version. action: The pool cannot be imported due to damaged devices or data. config: Storage UNAVAIL insufficient replicas raidz1 UNAVAIL corrupted data 805066522130738790 ONLINE sdd3 ONLINE sda3 ONLINE sdc ONLINE A specific import says the vdev configuration is invalid sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool import Storage cannot import 'Storage': invalid vdev configuration I should have 4 devices in my ZFS pool: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdd3 /dev/sdc /dev/sdb I have no clue what 805066522130738790 is but I plan on investigating further. I am also trying to figure out how to use zdb to get more information about what the pool thinks is going on. For reference This was setup this way, because at the time this machine/pool was setup it needed certain Linux features and booting from ZFS wasn't yet supported in Linux. The partitions sda1 and sdd1 are in a raid 1 for the operating system and sdd2 and sda2 are in a raid1 for the swap. Any clue on how to recover this ZFS pool?

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• How can I boot from .iso images stored on the harddrive ?

  - by user29701

  I want to put a .iso file of a bootable linux CD on the harddrive of my computer. I want to have it boot using grub (or lilo), and have it boot from the .iso file as if the .iso was a real CD in the CDROM drive. Here is a page that makes reference to doing this, but instead of a .iso file it is a .img file of a floppy or a whole harddisk installation: http://grub4dos.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Grub4dos%5Ftutorial That page makes reference to "cdrom emulation is not supported", but I don't know if it is not supported in grub, or if what want to do is completely impossible. Apparently Epidemic Linux (and maybe Knoppix ?) have a "bootfrom" parameter: "Using the parameter “bootfrom=/partition/path” you can start Epidemic from an ISO image located anywhere on the HD without having to create a DVD. This is very handy for testing the system." (From www.epidemiclinux.org/ ) Drew P.S. I am NOT interested in installing the CD on the harddrive. If I could have a dozen .iso's on the harddrive, I would like to be able to select them from grub and boot each of them.

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• ext3: maximum recommended partition size / handling large partitions

  - by Hansi

  Hi! I would like to do an encrypted install of Ubuntu on a 2 Terabyte drive (i.e., using LUKS/DMcrypt). In order to not have to type in passwords too often, the partitioning scheme will be 50 GB for / and about 1 TB for /home (and the rest for Windows 7), just for clarity. Even though by now LVM is regarded as being stable, I don't want to bother having more room for errors by introducing unnecessary layers of complexity. For both Ubuntu partitions I want encrypted ext3 with the default blocksize of ext3 (4k?). Thoughts: When I look at most partition schemes here on this site or elsewhere, I usually see at most about 400 or 500 GB partitions (maybe I didn't see enough). There may be different reasons for this, but is reliability an issue here? Are larger ext3 partitions, like about 1 TB, harder to handle for the OS or filesystem driver or at some other level? If I make the partition too large, will it be harder to repair in case of corruptions? Are there some default settings for ext3 that I should change for 1 TB partitions? Question: What maximum partition size for ext3 do you recommend and why? Thanks!

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• Can Octopussy use messages other than syslog style?

  - by Lee Lowder

  I am currently exploring different options for a centralized log server. We use both Linux (Ubuntu 10.04 / 12.04, LTS for both) and Windows, though for this specific issue only Linux is relevant. I like the interface that octopussy has and it's feature list, but I am hesitant due to a few things. One of the biggest concerns I have is that it seems to be syslog only. The end goal is to have a centralized place for our devs and admins to be able to search through the logs generated by Apache, Tomcat and 70+ web apps spread out among a cluster, for both our prod and test environments. While I did see that octopussy has support for plugins, I haven't been able to find any sort of plugin repo or in depth guides as to what can be done with them. Does anyone know if plugins can be used to allow octopussy to non-syslog messages? Specifically log4j type log messages that may include multi-line stack traces and such. Also, is there a user community for this software, such as a mailing list or forum? I've been unable to locate any so far. Thank you.

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• Rkhunter reports file properties have changed

  - by CountMurphy

  I am running a fully updated LTS copy of Ubuntu server. Today I ran rkhunter (as I do from time to time). This is the output I got: Warning: The file properties have changed: [15:52:25] File: /bin/ps [15:52:25] Current hash: f22991ec93ae966c856d367f42fc3d8a484bd827 [15:52:25] Stored hash : 1892268bf195ac118076b1b0f53e7a637eb6fbb3 [15:52:25] Current inode: 142902 Stored inode: 130894 [15:52:25] Current file modification time: 1324307913 (19-Dec-2011 07:18:33) [15:52:25] Stored file modification time : 1260992081 (16-Dec-2009 11:34:41) Warning: The file properties have changed: [15:52:33] File: /usr/bin/ldd [15:52:33] Current hash: f1e2ca5aa3a28994e2cebb64c993a72b7d97b28c [15:52:33] Stored hash : 295d9cedb121a5e431a39a6d201ecd7ce5640497 [15:52:33] Current inode: 2236210 Stored inode: 2234359 [15:52:33] Current size: 5280 Stored size: 5279 [15:52:33] Current file modification time: 1331165514 (07-Mar-2012 16:11:54) [15:52:33] Stored file modification time : 1295653965 (21-Jan-2011 15:52:45) Warning: The file properties have changed: [15:52:37] File: /usr/bin/pgrep [15:52:37] Current hash: 3eada9a96760f3e2c9111cfe32901d1432813c1d [15:52:37] Stored hash : ce265d0db9964b173fe5036f703a9b8d66e55df3 [15:52:37] Current inode: 2229646 Stored inode: 2224867 [15:52:37] Current file modification time: 1324307913 (19-Dec-2011 07:18:33) [15:52:37] Stored file modification time : 1260992081 (16-Dec-2009 11:34:41) Warning: The file properties have changed: [15:52:41] File: /usr/bin/top [15:52:41] Current hash: 6be13737d8b0950cea2f1ae3a46d4af713dbe971 [15:52:41] Stored hash : c7b495ecef3982eeb6f08a511861b1a1ae8775e6 [15:52:41] Current inode: 2229629 Stored inode: 2224862 [15:52:41] Current file modification time: 1324307913 (19-Dec-2011 07:18:33) [15:52:41] Stored file modification time : 1260992081 (16-Dec-2009 11:34:41) Warning: The file properties have changed: [15:52:53] File: /usr/sbin/cron [15:52:53] Current hash: e783ca973f970aa8a4bf5edc670e690b33914c3d [15:52:53] Stored hash : 4718257a8060736b9058aed025c992f02a74a5a7 [15:52:53] Current inode: 2224719 Stored inode: 2228839 [15:52:54] Current file modification time: 1330965568 (05-Mar-2012 08:39:28) There were also a few other I left out. Has my server been rooted? I am running fail2ban and do monitor failed ssh logins. nothing has come up. Could someone compare these hashes to their copy of Ubuntu Server (lts)? Please tell me these are false positives..... Edit: is something else like rkhunter I can run for a second scan?

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• processes slow after some time of actively running

  - by Yervand Aghababyan

  i have several cron jobs running on an ubuntu machine. each one does some pretty heavy load stuff. The cron jobs are parsing files and the bigger the file the longer it takes them to parse it. The strange thing is that if i make the files too big ( like 30mb) the script kind of hangs. It starts processing them really enthusiastically but after some time (something like 5-10 minutes) the cpu usage of the process drops a lot and it gets into some "zombie" state. If prior to this the process in htop was using 70-80% of the CPU then after this drop occurs it slows down to something like 5-10%. the load average drops down as well. The status of the processes sometimes changes to D in htop, which AFAIR stands for zombie. Today i noticed the same behavior of processes of mysql when executing heavy queries (a query took something like 4 hours to execute). the cron jobs are mostly php and during their processing most of the CPU eats the php process and not mysql. so i think the issue is not with a specific language/program but with the way the processes are "managed". The only other place i've seen similar behavior was on my Amazon EC2 micro instance when after some aggressive use of CPU the CPU quota was taking effect and everything was slowing down dramatically. This is a dedicated machine running ubuntu. what may be the cause?

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• Backing up a Windos 7 partition from Macbook with no OS X

  - by mattcodes

  I have a 3 year macbook with Windows 7 installed as 40gb and OS X as 40gb (80gb HD). I want to remove OS X as Im at the limit of 40gb on Windows and I have not logged on to Mac OS X since installed Win7 (dont flame me). So I want to delete OS X partition and expand my win partition to 80gb BUT I still would like to be able to regularly (once a week/month) backup my Windows 7 partition - its took a while to setup everything up right - not just docs and programs - so when the hard drive dies I want to be able to restore the partition and boot away, (the daily volatile bits I can pull down from dropbox and project from soure control). With Mac OS X I could use Winclone - and this worked flawless last time the HD failed with XP but with the absence of OS X I will need something else. Im thinking can I use a Linux Live boot CD along with an external USB hard drive. Boot from CD and then dd? the partition to the USB? What linux distro live CD should I use? I say dd as if I know what am taking about (I dont) is this the best way to backup a partition (when it will be restored to same hardware as bootable) ? What command?

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• Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password) ssh error

  - by zentenk

  Heads up I'm a noob with linux and networking. I set up a ubuntu server and I have a static ip for my network. When I try to connect to the server at home (external), it prompts me to log in. I supply the correct password (or incorrect pw), I get the error Permission denied, please try again. and after 3 times I get Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password) I am however able to connect with SSH from another computer in the same network with ssh < internal ip of server > I'm connecting with mac os x and my config file is vanilla. Note: During installation of ubuntu it says I don't have a default route or something while doing auto network configuration, but I ignored it and continued the installation, could this be the problem? EDIT: I have tried the below, I have nothing in hosts.allow and also iptables shows the ports that I have allowed, which is 22. I checked the auth.log, and there is nothing when I connect to it remotely (even when it says permission denied). I have tried connecting to it internally and the correct authentication logs show. Any idea whats wrong?

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• SSH Keys Authentication keeps asking for password

  - by Rhyuk

  Im trying to set access from ServerA(SunOS) to ServerB(Some custom Linux with Keyboard Interactive login) with SSH Keys. As a proof of concept I was able to do it between 2 virtual machines. Now in my real life scenario it isnt working. I created the keys in ServerA, copied them to ServerB, chmod'd .ssh folders to 700 on both ServerA,B. Here is the log of what I get. debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: Peer sent proposed langtags, ctos: debug1: Peer sent proposed langtags, stoc: debug1: We proposed langtags, ctos: en-US debug1: We proposed langtags, stoc: en-US debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 125/256 debug1: bits set: 1039/2048 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /XXX/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: bits set: 1061/2048 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: newkeys: mode 1 debug1: set_newkeys: setting new keys for 'out' mode debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: newkeys: mode 0 debug1: set_newkeys: setting new keys for 'in' mode debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: done: ssh_kex2. debug1: send SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST debug1: got SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /XXXX/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying public key: /xxx/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /xxx/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive Password: Password: ServerB has pretty limited actions since its a custom propietary linux. What could be happening? EDIT WITH ANSWER: Problem was that I didnt have those settings enabled in the sshd_config (Refer to accepted answer) AND that while pasting the key from ServerA to ServerB it would interpret the key as 3 separate lines. What I did was, in case you cant use ssh-copy-id like I couldnt. Paste the first line of your key in your "ServerB" authorized_keys file WITHOUT the last 2 characters, then type yourself the missing characters from line 1 and the first one from line 2, this will prevent adding a "new line" between the first and second line of the key. Repeat with the 3d line.

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• FTP account ownership on vhost directory makes Apache not run website correctly

  - by CodeShining

  I've purchased a virtual server, where I'm given of a non-root sudo-enabled user. Actually I do need to create an FTP account that's not that sudo-able account, so I created a no-login account just for that purpose. I've set up VSFTPd correctly, also enabling the "userlist" feature, to specify which user are permitted to use FTP. Then I created an empty directory under my sudo-able account, and I gave ownership permissions to the second account, so to make it more easy to understand, let's say the main account (the one I do use to manage my VPS) is called ubuntu and the FTP-user is named ftpuser, I created a directory /home/ubuntu/mywebsite giving the ownership to ftpuser:ftpuser. Then I uploaded a worpdress website, whose default permissions are 755 and 644. The issue is that Apache is not given of any privilege to run the website. How can I make the website run properly, and which is the most secure? Should I run that virtualhost with another user (if it's possible)? Should I force the FTP user to use the www-data group (if that's possible) and run with permissions like 775 and 664? How can I solve this issue? Any help is appreciated, I'd like to run it using the default permissions, so any update won't break up anything (because of permissions reset).

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• How large is the performance loss for a 64-bit VirtualBox guest running on a 32-bit host?

  - by IllvilJa

  I have a 64-bit Virtualbox guest running Gentoo Linux (amd64) and it is currently hosted on a 32-bit Gentoo laptop. I've noticed that the performance of the VM is very slow compared to the performance of the 32-bit host itself. Also when I compare with another 32-bit Linux VM running on the same host, performance is significantly less on the 64-bit VM. I know that running a 64-bit VM on a 32-bit host does incur some performance penalties for the VM, but does anyone have any deeper knowledge of how large a penalty one might expect in this scenario, roughly speaking? Is a 10% slowdown something to expect, or should it be a slowdown in the 90% range (running at 1/10 the normal speed)? Or to phrase it in another way: would it be reasonable to expect that the performance improvement for the 64-bit VM increases so much that it is worth reinstalling the host machine to run 64-bit Gentoo instead? I'm currently seriously considering that upgrade, but am curious about other peoples experience of the current scenario. I am aware that the host OS will require more RAM when running in 64-bit, but that's OK for me. Also, I do know that one usually don't run a 64-bit VM on a 32-bit server (I'm surprised I even got the VM started in the first place) but things turned out that way when I tried to future proof the VM I was setting up and decided to make it 64-bit anyway.

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• Can Dovecot IMAP automatically create Maildir folders for new (virtual) users?

  - by user233441

  everyone. I am learning to set up a dovecot home IMAP server using a virtual Ubuntu 12.04 machine. My intention is eventually to have a home server that uses POP3 to take email from several addresses and remove them from my ISP's servers, while making them accessible through a home IMAP server (this is similar to the setup described at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/POP3Aggregator, which explains how to set up the system with dovecot version 1, and is thus outdated). I intend to use the ISP's server directly when sending messages, and to BCC all sent messages to myself. I've completed the basic set up of the test server: getmail uses POP3 to fetch messages from two test email accounts, and successfully delivers them to the respective Maildir-style new folders on the virtual machine. Dovecot then successfully sees these messages. I have two questions: 1) I had to set up new, cur, and tmp folders for both of the test accounts manually to get this setup to work. Is there a way to get dovecot to create these Maildir folders automatically when I create a new virtual user account (e.g., when I add a user and password combination to my dovecot password file), or is it expected that I write a bash script to automate that task? 2) I would welcome any comments you have on how this approach could be improved as I learn to set it up. My motivations with this approach are 1) to enable archiving/storing emails from several hosting providers that impose a cap on server storage, and 2) to give me somewhat greater control over email storage without requiring that I set up and administrate a mail server from scratch (which I'm not yet prepared to do) (this follows the recommendations at https://ssd.eff.org/tech/email). Thank you!

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• How do I install Photoshop CS2 in Wine w/ Creative Suite Installer?

  - by kellishaver

  I'm running Ubuntu 9.10 and wanted to install Photoshop CS2 in Wine (wine1.2). From what I've read, the Photoshop installer and application should both run fine. However, I don't have a specific installer for Photoshop. The setup program on the CD is for the entire Creative Suite 2 bundle. When I try to run it, I get through the splash screen, license agreement, and language selection screens, but when I click the button to start/customize the installation, the installer dies. The Photoshop CS 2 folder on the CD has two exe files, instmsia.exe and instmsiw.exe, and I tried those, hoping to find a stand-alone Photoshop installer, but neither work. I tried downloading a trial, but my license key is apparently for the entire bundle, because it didn't work. Does anyone know of a work-around for this or a way to make the Creative Suite installer work? I'm currently running Photoshop under a WinXP VM, but it would be nice to have the option of using it via Wine, so I don't have to boot the VM every time I want to edit an image (and also reading/writing to my Ubuntu shares is really slow in Virtualbox). Thanks!

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• Compatibility of Fedora install on a Hybrid drive

  - by kjh

  I recently bought un ultrabook with a 500gb/32gb sdd hdd hybrid drive, and I'm having trouble replacing windows on it with fedora seventeen. it errors out saying there was an unhandled exception. Is linux compatible with hybrid drives? or can the operating system on a hybrid drive not be replaced? Edit: here are the steps I select special storage devices because it ignores my hard drives otherwise at this point i get the message: "Disk contains bios raid meta data, disk sda will be ignored" I can pick a hostname, select my timezone and set a password at the install type screen, no matter what I select (use all free space, replace linux systems, create custom partition etc..) once I click next, it says "an unhandled exception" has occured. and I can no longer proceed with installation. Here is the error message: anaconda 17.29 exception report Traceback (most recent call first); File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/size-packages/pyanaconda/bootloader.py"; line 183 self.stage1_drive=self_drives[0] File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/pyanaconda/rw/cleardisks_gui.ph"; line... and tons of more lines like that

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• Unable to resize ec2 ebs root volume

  - by nathanjosiah

  I have followed many of the tutorials that pretty much all say the same thing which is basically: Stop the instance Detach the volume Create a snapshot of the volume Create a bigger volume from the snapshot Attach the new volume to the instance Start the instance back up Run resize2fs /dev/xxx However, step 7 is where the problems start happening. In any case running resize2fs always tells me that it is already xxxxx blocks big and does nothing, even with -f passed. So I start to continue with tutorials which all basically say the same thing and that is: Delete all partitons Recreate them back to what they were except with the bigger sizes Reboot the instance and run resize2fs (I have tried these steps both from the live instance and by attaching the volume to another instance and running the commands there) The main problem is that the instance won't start back up again and the system error log provided in the AWS console doesn't provide any errors. (it does however stop at the grub bootloader which to me indicates that it doesn't like the partitions(yes, the boot flag was toggled on the partition with no affect)) The other thing that happens regardless of what changes I make to the partitions is that the instance that the volume is attached to says that the partition has an invalid magic number and the super-block is corrupt. However, if I make no changes and reattach the volume, the instance runs without a problem. Can anybody shed some light on what I could be doing wrong? Edit On my new volume of 20GB with the 6GB image,df -h says: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvde1 5.8G 877M 4.7G 16% / tmpfs 836M 0 836M 0% /dev/shm And fdisk -l /dev/xvde says: Disk /dev/xvde: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7d833f39 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvde1 1 766 6144000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvde2 766 784 146432 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. Also, sudo resize2fs /dev/xvde1 says: resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The filesystem is already 1536000 blocks long. Nothing to do!

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• Dovecot starting and running, but not listening on any port

  - by Dženis Macanovic

  Among others things I'm in charge of a Debian GNU/Linux (Wheezy) DomU for the mail services of the company i work for. Yesterday one HDD that was used for this particular server has died. After installing Debian again, Dovecot decided to no longer listen on any ports (checked with netstat -l). Other services (like Postfix and MySQL) work without problems. dovecot -n: # 2.1.7: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.2.0-3-amd64 x86_64 Debian wheezy/sid ext3 auth_mechanisms = plain login disable_plaintext_auth = no first_valid_uid = 150 last_valid_uid = 150 mail_gid = mail mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n mail_uid = vmail namespace inbox { inbox = yes location = prefix = } pass db { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext driver = sql } plugin { sieve = ~/.dovecot.sieve sieve_dir = ~/sieve } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } unix_listener auth-userdb { group = mail mode = 0666 user = vmail } } service imap-login { inet_listener imaps { port = 993 ssl = yes } } service pop3-login { inet_listener pop3s { port = 995 ssl = yes } } ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/private/mail.crt ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/mail.key userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext driver = sql } protocol imap { mail_max_userip_connections = 25 } UID 150 is vmail (I double checked file permissions). I didn't install Dovecot from source, but via apt from the official Debian US mirror. There are no messages concerning Dovecot in /var/log/syslog except for: Oct 21 06:36:29 server dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.1.7 starting up (core dumps disabled) Any ideas?

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• Some doubts about the use of usermod and groupmod command

  - by AndreaNobili

  I am not yet a true "Linux guy" and I have the following doubts about how exactly do the following shell procedure (a list of commands steps) founded in a tutorial that I am following (I want deeply understand what I am doing before do it): sudo passwd root then login again as root usermod -l miner pi usermod -m -d /home/miner miner groupmod -n miner pi exit So at the beginning it enable the root account and I have to login again in the system as root...this is perfectly clear for me. And now I have the followings doubts: 1) The usermod command: usermod -l miner pi usermod -m -d /home/miner miner Reading the official documentation of the usermod command I understand that this command modify the informations related to an existing account Reading the documentation it seems to me that the -l parmether modify the name of the user pi in miner and then the -m -d paramether move the contents of the old home directory to the new one (named miner) and use this new directory as home directory My doubt is: what exactly do the executions of these operation? I think that: Rename the existing pi user in miner Then move the content of the old home directory (the pi home directory? or what?) into a new directory (/home/miner) that now is the home directory for the miner user. Is it right? The the second doubt is related to this command groupmod -n miner pi It seems to me that change the group name from pi in miner But what exactly is a group in Linux and why is it used? Tnx

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• Macvlan based interface pings from host but not from namespace

  - by jtlebi

  My setup: Private network vboxnet1 10.0.7.0/24 1 Host, ubuntu desktop 1 VM, ubuntu server (VirtualBox) Adressing layout: HOST: 10.0.7.1 VM: 10.0.7.101 VM MAC NAMESPACE: 10.0.7.102 On the VM, I ran the following commands: ip netns add mac # create a new nmespace ip link add link eth0 mac0 type macvlan # create a new macvlan interface ip link set mac0 netns mac On the mac namespace, inside the VM: ip link set lo up ip link set mac up ip addr add 10.0.7.102/24 dev mac0 So that we basically end up with: (Like Inception ?) +------------------------+ | Host: 10.0.7.1 | | | | +--------------------+ | | | VM: 10.0.7.101 | | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | NS: 10.0.7.102 | | | | | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | +--------------------+ | +------------------------+ What works: Ping between Host and VM Ping between NS and NS dhclient from NS What does not work: ping between NS and VM ping between NS and Host Where I started to go nuts: tcpdump on host (the real machine) actually shows ARP request AND replies tcpdump on NS shows ARP requests sent to the host tcpdump on VM makes the whole mess work (!) -- ping starts to get answers when tcpdump is started on the VM ?!? So, I bet you were eager for it, my question is: how to I make it work ? I suspect something's wrong with ARP on the macvlan inside the NS but can't figure out what exactly... Btw, I did the same expérimentations with the mac0 interface directly on the VM (no namespace) and it worked flawlessly.

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• Unnamed, hidden partitions on my 500 GB HD, HP Pavilion dm4 Laptop

  - by emotionull

  I have multiple doubts here. Its a Seagate 500GB 7200RPM HD. I had installed it few months back after my original Laptop HD stopped working. The current drives on my latop, as shown by the Windows Disk Management are: After installing the new HD, I had done a complete clean install of Windows 7 and I didn't create any parition myself, manually. So there are 4 drives. Even previously, before I installed this new HD, my laptop had 4 Partitions. But the there were no un-named partitions like the two in this case. The other two were HP tools and Recovery or something. It was pre-configured, Factory installed Windows. Also, now when I right cick on the unnamed Drives from Disk Management, all the options are greyed out (see image) except the delete partition image. So how do I know what's inside those partitions? Will it be ok if I delete them? I want install Ubuntu and dual boot it with my current windows installation. I cannot do it in current setup as there are already 4 partitions of my HD and if I will try to make a new partition, it will be a logical one (correct me if I am wrong here). So can I delete the un-named, hidden partitions and use them for Ubuntu? A bit unrelated question. As a backup option, can I use the Windows 7's Backup and Restore facility to keep a complete backup of all the drivers and system softwares.

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• INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE after installing Linux on same drive

  - by kdgregory

  History: My PC was configured with two drives: an 80G on IDE 0 Primary that was running Win2K, and a 320G on IDE 0 Secondary that was running Linux (Ubuntu). I decided to pull the 80Gb drive out of the system, so dd'd the entire 80 G drive (/dev/sda) onto the 320 (/dev/sdb) -- this included the MBR and partition table. Then I pulled the drive, plugged the 320 into IDE 0 Primary, and rebooted. The Windows partition worked at this point. Then I installed Ubuntu into the remaining space on the 320. It works. However, when I try to boot into Windows, I get a BSOD with the following message: *** STOP: 0x0000007B (0x89055030,0xC000014F,0x00000000,0x00000000) INACCESSILE_BOOT_DEVICE Before the BSOD I see the Win2K splash screen, and it claims to be "starting windows" for a couple of seconds -- so it appears that the first stage boot loader is working as expected. Ditto when I try booting in Safe Mode. After reading the Microsoft KB article, I booted into the recovery console and tried running chkdsk /r. It refused to run, claiming that the drive was corrupted (sorry, didn't write down the exact error message). However, I can mount the drive from Linux, and access all files. And for what it's worth, I can scan the drive using the Linux "Disk Utility" (this is Ubuntu, the menus don't show real program names), it claims the drive to be clean. The KB article mentioned that boot.ini could be the problem, so here it is: timeout=10 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect Any pointers on what to do next?

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• Cant configure DNS properly on centos

  - by Nuker

  I am on a VPS i must manage my own. I have network problems because in the last days many of my users report they cant enter my site from my domain and seems like Google and Facebook cant either (this never happened before). However i can enter my site without problems and so many other people as well. So i tested by making a php include like this <?php include 'http://mysite.com/somepage.php'; ?> and i get this error: Warning: include(): php_network_getaddresses: getaddrinfo failed: Name or service not known in I even tried by including content from yahoo.com or facebook and didnt work either. However the includes will work if i use IPs instead of domains. Do i have a DNS problem or something? What can i do to fix it? Im on a Linux 2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.x86_64 on x86_64 CentOS Linux 6.5 I have this on my resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager # No nameservers found; try putting DNS servers into your # ifcfg files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts like so: # # DNS1=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx # DNS2=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx # DOMAIN=lab.foo.com bar.foo.com nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4 Thank you.

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• How do I prevent my computer from freezing when it starts to swap?

  - by cdauth

  I work as a Java programmer, so I often have to run several programs at the same time that consume a lot of memory. When my memory is full and Linux starts swapping, my computer almost completely freezes. I can see that it is heavily writing on the hard-disk and everything reacts really slowly, often not at all. Moving the mouse in X sometimes doesn’t work at all, sometimes it has a delay of several seconds, clicking usually has a delay of several minutes. Sometimes it is possible to change to the TTY (with a long delay), there I can usually type without delay, but when I try to log in, it takes several minutes after typing in the user name until the password prompt appears, and usually an error message appears that tells me that the login timed out. So the only possibility is usually to restart the computer. I noticed that other intensive writing to the hard disk also significantly slows down my computer. Sometimes, I used rsync to limit the bandwidth when I copied files around on my own computer, as else the system would be almost unusable. How can this be? At the moment it seems more useful to me to completely turn off swapping. That might crash some processes, which is unfortunate, but the alternative at the moment is to crash all processes by turning off my computer. I am using Gentoo Linux with kernel 3.6.2-gentoo, I have a 10 GB swap partition on a HDD.

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• RTL8188CE doesn't connect to any wifi access points

  - by Drakmail

  I'm using network manager to connect. Also, tryed iwconfig. Results are same. I even try to connect to open access point — results are same. More information: Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ lspci | grep Network | grep -v Ethernet 03:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188CE 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter (rev 01) Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ uname -a Linux thinkpad-x220 3.1.0 #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Oct 26 02:19:49 UTC 2011 x86_64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2410M CPU @ 2.30GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ dmesg | tail -n 10 [ 846.901574] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 906.812461] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 966.728810] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 1026.639676] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 1030.925574] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin At this moment I try to connect to open wifi ap: [ 1031.252403] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 1/3) [ 1031.451943] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 2/3) [ 1031.651658] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 3/3) [ 1031.851354] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed timed out [ 1086.544960] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin My distribution: Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ cat /etc/*version AgiliaLinux release 8.0.0 (Sammy) (Something between Slackware and Archlinux). Also, I saw that wifi module to often trying to load a firmware file. Any ideas what it would be?

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• HP DL380 G3 2U For Basic Web Server in 2012

  - by ryandlf

  I have an opportunity to pick up a used HP DL380 G3 2U for $100. I'm looking for a basic entry level web server that I can host a small - medium size website on and more or less learn the ins and outs of running my own web server before I bite the bullet and spend a couple grand on a server. The specs are: Dual (2) Intel Xeon 2.4GHz 400MHz 512KB Cache 4GB PC2100 ECC Registered Memory 6 x 72GB 10K U320 SCSI Hard Drives Smart Array 5i RAID Controller Redundant Power Supplies DVD/Floppy, Dual Intel GB NIC's, USB Or would I be better off spending a couple hundred bucks on something like: this new HP Seems like the only major difference is SATA and a bit of storage, but I will likely be implementing a separate storage system of some sort anyways. I guess it also wouldn't hurt to mention that I plan on running a linux server distro, so would the hardware be likely to support linux with a system that is 4 generations old? I don't mind spending a couple hundred extra dollars if its a better solution, but as mentioned previously I am simple looking for a server to learn on and probably use for a year or so while I put together a small - medium size website.

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