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  • Alpha blending without depth writing

    - by teodron
    A recurring problem I get is this one: given two different billboard sets with alpha textures intended to create particle special effects (such as point lights and smoke puffs), rendering them correctly is tedious. The issue arising in this scenario is that there's no way to use depth writing and make certain billboards obey depth information as they appear in front of others that are clearly closer to the camera. I've described the problem on the Ogre forums several times without any suggestions being given (since the application I'm writing uses their engine). What could be done then? sort all individual billboards from different billboard sets to avoid writing the depth and still have nice alpha blended results? If yes, please do point out some resources to start with in the frames of the aforementioned Ogre engine. Any other suggestions are welcome!

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  • Redering performance in FlasCC + UDK when compared to Stage3d and UDK on Windows?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    http://gaming.adobe.com/technologies/flascc/ Developers can now access UDK for browser applications. Does this mean greater performance than using a Stage3D engine (Away3D 4) and how much of a noticeable difference in performance would it make in rendering speeds? Is there any benchmark you could propose that would allow to compare them fairly? I am asking this to help myself understand the consequences in performance for deciding to use UDK in a browser based game. I would also like to know how it compares with UDK running natively in Windows? I am not asking which technology to use or which is better. Only interested in the optimizing rendering speed in a 3d browser game with flash.

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  • How are events in games handled?

    - by Alex
    In may games that I have played, I have seen events being triggered, such as when you walk into a certain land area while holding a specific object, it will trigger a special creature to spawn. I was wondering, how do games deal with events such as this? Not in a specific game, but in general among games. The first thought I had was that each place has a hard-coded set of events that it will call when something happens there. However, that would be too inefficient to maintain, as when something new is added, that would require modification of every part of the game that would potentially cause the event to be called. Next up, I had the idea of maybe how GUI programming works. In all of the GUI programming I've done, you create a component and a callback function, or a listener. Then, when the user interacts when the button, the callback function is called, allowing you to do something with it. So, I was thinking that in terms of a game, when a land area gets loaded the game loops over a list of all events, creating instances of them and calling public methods to bind them to the current scene. The events themselves then handle what scene it is, and if it is a scene that pertains to the event, will call the public method of the scene to bind the event to an action. Then, when the action takes place, the scene would call all events that are bound to that action. However, I'm sure that's not how games would operate either, as that would require a lot of creating of events all the time. So how to video games handle events, are either of those methods correct, or is it something completely different?

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  • A Quick HLSL Question (How to modify some HLSL code)

    - by electroflame
    Thanks for wanting to help! I'm trying to create a circular, repeating ring (that moves outward) on a texture. I've achieved this, to a degree, with the following code: float distance = length(inTex - in_ShipCenter); float time = in_Time; ///* Simple distance/time combination */ float2 colorIndex = float2(distance - time, .3); float4 shipColor = tex2D(BaseTexture, inTex); float4 ringColor = tex2D(ringTexture, colorIndex); float4 finalColor; finalColor.rgb = (shipColor.rgb) + (ringColor.rgb); finalColor.a = shipColor.a; // Use the base texture's alpha (transparency). return finalColor; This works, and works how I want it to. The ring moves outward from the center of the texture at a steady rate, and is constrained to the edges of the base texture (i.e. it won't continue past an edge). However, there are a few issues with it that I would like some help on, though. They are: By combining the color additively (when I set finalColor.rgb), it makes the resulting ring color much lighter than I want (which, is pretty much the definition of additive blending, but I don't really want additive blending in this case). I would really like to be able to pass in the color that I want the ring to be. Currently, I have to pass in a texture that contains the color of the ring, but I think that doing it that way is kind of wasteful and overly-cumbersome. I know that I'm probably being an idiot over this, so I greatly appreciate the help. Some other (possibly relevant) information: I'm using XNA. I'm applying this by providing it to a SpriteBatch (as an Effect). The SpriteBatch is using BlendState.NonPremultiplied. Thanks in advance! EDIT: Thanks for the answers thus far, as they've helped me get a better grasp of the color issue. However, I'm still unsure of how to pass a color in and not use a texture. i.e. Can I create a tex2D by using a float4 instead of a texture? Or can I make a texture from a float4 and pass the texture in to the tex2D? DOUBLE EDIT: Here's some example pictures: With the effect off: With the effect on: With the effect on, but with the color weighting set to full: As you can see, the color weighting makes the base texture completely black (The background is black, so it looks transparent). You can also see the red it's supposed to be, and then the white-ish it really is when blended additively.

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  • OpenGL - have object follow mouse

    - by kevin james
    I want to have an object follow around my mouse on the screen in OpenGL. (I am also using GLEW, GLFW, and GLM). The best idea I've come up with is: Get the coordinates within the window with glfwGetCursorPos. The window was created with window = glfwCreateWindow( 1024, 768, "Test", NULL, NULL); and the code to get coordinates is double xpos, ypos; glfwGetCursorPos(window, &xpos, &ypos); Next, I use GLM unproject, to get the coordinates in "object space" glm::vec4 viewport = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1024.0f, 768.0f); glm::vec3 pos = glm::vec3(xpos, ypos, 0.0f); glm::vec3 un = glm::unProject(pos, View*Model, Projection, viewport); There are two potential problems I can already see. The viewport is fine, as the initial x,y, coordinates of the lower left are indeed 0,0, and it's indeed a 1024*768 window. However, the position vector I create doesn't seem right. The Z coordinate should probably not be zero. However, glfwGetCursorPos returns 2D coordinates, and I don't know how to go from there to the 3D window coordinates, especially since I am not sure what the 3rd dimension of the window coordinates even means (since computer screens are 2D). Then, I am not sure if I am using unproject correctly. Assume the View, Model, Projection matrices are all OK. If I passed in the correct position vector in Window coordinates, does the unproject call give me the coordinates in Object coordinates? I think it does, but the documentation is not clear. Finally, to each vertex of the object I want to follow the mouse around, I just increment the x coordinate by un[0], the y coordinate by -un[1], and the z coordinate by un[2]. However, since my position vector that is being unprojected is likely wrong, this is not giving good results; the object does move as my mouse moves, but it is offset quite a bit (i.e. moving the mouse a lot doesn't move the object that much, and the z coordinate is very large). I actually found that the z coordinate un[2] is always the same value no matter where my mouse is, probably because the position vector I pass into unproject always has a value of 0.0 for z. Edit: The (incorrectly) unprojected x-values range from about -0.552 to 0.552, and the y-values from about -0.411 to 0.411.

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  • Having a hard time having consecutive animations for an attack

    - by Kelby Styler
    So I've been trying to figure this out for about 8 hours now...It's driving me nuts because I am pretty sure that it is something dead simple that I am just not understanding. I had everything working fine when I was just cycling through the animation: Idle - Attack - Attack 1 - Attack 2. Just in an infinite loop. The problem now is that I want it to go Attack - check if x time passes if ctrl pressed before x passes move to Attack 1, if not move back to Idle - Then either Attack 1 or Idle depending on how long has passed. I've almost gotten it a few time, but something always happens where it falls apart if I press ctrl too fast or after multiple cycles of the animation. Any help would be appreciated, I'm just at my wits end on this one. I've been looking at this so long that I just don't know where to go anymore. Code is below, here is the controller using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class MeleeAttack : MonoBehaviour { public int damage; public bool Attack; public bool Attack1; public bool Attack2; public bool Idle; private Animator animator; private int attnum = 0; private float count = 2f; private float timeLeft; //Gives value to damage output void MAttackDmg () { if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.RightControl) || Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.LeftControl)) { switch (attnum) { case (0): Attack = true; damage = 2; animator.SetBool ("Attack", Attack); attnum++; Idle = false; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); timeLeft = count; break; case (1): Attack1 = true; damage = 2; animator.SetBool ("Attack1", Attack1); attnum++; Idle = false; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); timeLeft = count; break; case (2): Attack2 = true; damage = 2; animator.SetBool ("Attack2", Attack2); attnum = 0; Idle = false; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); timeLeft = count; break; } } if (Input.GetKeyUp (KeyCode.RightControl) || Input.GetKeyUp (KeyCode.LeftControl)) { switch (attnum) { case (0): Debug.Log ("false"); damage = 0; if (timeLeft <= 0f) { Attack2 = false; animator.SetBool ("Attack2", Attack2); Debug.Log ("t1"); Idle = true; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); attnum = 0; timeLeft = count; } break; case (1): Debug.Log ("false1"); damage = 0; if (timeLeft <= 0f) { Debug.Log ("t2"); Attack = false; animator.SetBool ("Attack", Attack); Idle = true; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); attnum = 0; timeLeft = count; } break; case (2): Debug.Log ("false2"); damage = 0; if (timeLeft <= 0f) { Attack1 = false; animator.SetBool ("Attack1", Attack1); Debug.Log ("t3"); Idle = true; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); attnum = 0; timeLeft = count; } break; } } } // Use this for initialization void Awake () { animator = GetComponent<Animator> (); } // Update is called once per frame void Update () { timeLeft -= Time.deltaTime;; MAttackDmg (); } void Start (){ timeLeft = count; } }

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  • Saving game data to server [on hold]

    - by Eugene Lim
    What's the best method to save the player's data to the server? Method to store the game saves Which one of the following method should I use ? Using a database structure(e.g.. mySQL) to store the game data as blobs? Using the server hard disk to store the saved game data as binary data files? Method to send saved game data to server What method should I use ? socketIO web socket a web-based scripting language to receive the game data as binary? for example, a php script to handle binary data and save it to file Meta-data I read that some games store saved game meta-data in database structures. What kind of meta data is useful to store?

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  • Drawing beam effect in UDK?

    - by sgrif
    I'm having trouble drawing a particle effect between two actors in UDK - Both the source and the target are not static objects, so as far as I can tell I need to do it in the code not in kismet. Here's what I've got at the moment and it seems to not be doing anything at all. Ideas? BeamEmitter[0] = new(self) class'UTParticleSystemComponent'; BeamEmitter[0].SetAbsolute(false, false, false); BeamEmitter[0].SetTemplate(BeamTemplate[0]); BeamEmitter[0].SetTickGroup(TG_PostUpdateWork); BeamEmitter[0].bUpdateComponentInTick = true; self.AttachComponent(BeamEmitter[0]); BeamEmitter[0].SetBeamEndPoint(2, tarPos); BeamEmitter[0].ActivateSystem();

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  • How can I make a rectangle to an irregular shape?

    - by Anil gupta
    I used masking for breaking an image into the below pattern. Now that it's broken into different pieces I need to make a rectangle of each piece. I need to drag the broken pieces and adjust to the correct position so I can reconstruct the image. To drag and put at the right position I need to make the pieces rectangles but I am not getting the idea of how to make rectangles out of these irregular shapes. How can I make rectangles for manipulating these pieces? This is a follow up to my previous question.

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  • Using textureGrad for anisotropic integration approximation

    - by Amxx
    I'm trying to develop a real time rendering method using real time acquired envmap (cubemap) for lightning. This implies that my envmap can change as often as every frame and I therefore cannot use any method base on precomputation of the envmap (such as convolution with BRDF...) So far my method worked well with Phong BRDF. For specular contribution I direclty read the value in my sampleCube and I use mipmap levels + linear filter for simulating the roughtness of the material considered: int size = textureSize(envmap, 0).x; float specular_level = log2(size * sqrt(3.0)) - 0.5 * log2(ns + 1); vec3 env_specular = ks * specular_color * textureLod(envmap, l_g, specular_level); From this method I would like to upgrade to a microfacet based BRDF. I already have algorithm for evaluating the shape (including anisotropic direction) of the reflection but I cannot manage to read the values I want in my sampleCube. I believe I have to use textureGrad(envmap, l_g, X, Y); with l_g being the reflection direction in global space but I cannot manage to find which values to give to X and Y in order to correctly specify the area I want to consider. What value should I give to X and Y in orther for textureGrad(envmap, l_g, X, Y); to give the same result as textureLod(envmap, l_g, specular_level);

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  • Calculating adjacent quads on a quad sphere

    - by Caius Eugene
    I've been experimenting with generating a quad sphere. This sphere subdivides into a quadtree structure. Eventually I'm going to be applying some simplex noise to the vertices of each face to create a terrain like surface. To solve the issue of cracks I want to be able to apply a geomitmap technique of triangle fanning on the edges of each quad, but in order to know the subdivision level of the adjacent quads I need to identify which quads are adjacent to each other. Does anyone know any approaches to computing and storing these adjacent quads for quick lookup? Also It's important that I know which direction they are in so I can easily adjust the correct edge.

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  • Converting to and from local and world 3D coordinate spaces?

    - by James Bedford
    Hey guys, I've been following a guide I found here (http://knol.google.com/k/matrices-for-3d-applications-view-transformation) on constructing a matrix that will allow me to 3D coordinates to an object's local coordinate space, and back again. I've tried to implement these two matrices using my object's look, side, up and location vectors and it seems to be working for the first three coordinates. I'm a little confused as to what I should expect for the w coordinate. Here are couple of examples from the print outs I've made of the matricies that are constructed. I'm passing a test vector of [9, 8, 14, 1] each time to see if I can convert both ways: Basic example: localize matrix: Matrix: 0.000000 -0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 5.237297 -45.530716 11.021271 1.000000 globalize matrix: Matrix: 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 -0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 -11.021271 -45.530716 -5.237297 1.000000 test: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, 1.000000) localTest: Vector4f(14.000000, 8.000000, 9.000000, -161.812256) worldTest: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, -727.491455) More complicated example: localize matrix: Matrix: 0.052504 -0.000689 -0.998258 0.000000 0.052431 0.998260 0.002068 0.000000 0.997241 -0.052486 0.052486 0.000000 58.806095 2.979346 -39.396252 1.000000 globalize matrix: Matrix: 0.052504 0.052431 0.997241 0.000000 -0.000689 0.998260 -0.052486 0.000000 -0.998258 0.002068 0.052486 0.000000 -42.413120 5.975957 -56.419727 1.000000 test: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, 1.000000) localTest: Vector4f(-13.508600, 8.486917, 9.290090, 2.542114) worldTest: Vector4f(9.000190, 7.993863, 13.990230, 102.057129) As you can see in the more complicated example, the coordinates after converting both ways loose some precision, but this isn't a problem. I'm just wondering how I should deal with the last (w) coordinate? Should I just set it to 1 after performing the matrix multiplication, or does it look like I've done something wrong? Thanks in advance for your help!

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  • coloring box2d body in LibGDX

    - by ved
    I want to color polygon of box2d in LibGDX. Found below useful class for that. http://libgdx.badlogicgames.com/nightlies/docs/api/com/badlogic/gdx/graphics/glutils/ShapeRenderer.html But, it is not coloring the body instead making colored shapes. I want colored bodies having all the property like gravity, restitution etc. In brief, I want to make colored ball and surface.And i don't want to attach sprite on bodies. Want just fill color in bodies. Need some guidance????

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  • Game-oriented programming language features/objectives/paradigm?

    - by Klaim
    What are the features and language objectives (general problems to solves) or paradigms that a fictive programming language targetted at games (any kind of game) would require? For example, obviously we would have at least Performance (in speed and memory) (because a lot of games simply require that), but it have a price in the languages we currently use. Expressivity might be a common feature that is required for all languages. I guess some concepts from not-usually-used-for-games paradigms, like actor-based languages, or language-based message passing, might be useful too. So I ask you what would be ideal for games. (maybe one day someone will take those answers and build a language over it? :D ) Please set 1 feature/objective/paradigm per answer. Note: maybe that question don't make sense to you. In this case please explain why in an answer. It's a good thing to have answers to this question that might pop in your head sometimes.

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  • Errors compiling XNA project Windows 8?

    - by ChocoMan
    I'm using Visual Studio 2012 have just installed Windows 8 on my computer and tried to compile a game Im working on in XNA. When the game tried to build, I got the following errors: Error 12 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\SkyDome\skycirrus01.xnb" because it was not found. Error 13 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Fonts\Arial.xnb" because it was not found. Error 14 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Fonts\ISOCP2.xnb" because it was not found. skycirrus01.xnb is actually a .fbx. *Arial.xmb* and ISOCP2.xmb are my spritefonts within my project. Prior to installing Windows 8 (store bought) my project compiled. Does anyone know how to convert these to .xnb files? I'm assuming that will make them compatible.

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  • What is the kd tree intersection logic?

    - by bobobobo
    I'm trying to figure out how to implement a KD tree. On page 322 of "Real time collision detection" by Ericson The text section is included below in case Google book preview doesn't let you see it the time you click the link text section Relevant section: The basic idea behind intersecting a ray or directed line segment with a k-d tree is straightforward. The line is intersected against the node's splitting plane, and the t value of intersection is computed. If t is within the interval of the line, 0 <= t <= tmax, the line straddles the plane and both children of the tree are recursively descended. If not, only the side containing the segment origin is recursively visited. So here's what I have: (open image in new tab if you can't see the lettering) The logical tree Here the orange ray is going thru the 3d scene. The x's represent intersection with a plane. From the LEFT, the ray hits: The front face of the scene's enclosing cube, The (1) splitting plane The (2.2) splitting plane The right side of the scene's enclosing cube But here's what would happen, naively following Ericson's basic description above: Test against splitting plane (1). Ray hits splitting plane (1), so left and right children of splitting plane (1) are included in next test. Test against splitting plane (2.1). Ray actually hits that plane, (way off to the right) so both children are included in next level of tests. (This is counter-intuitive - shouldn't only the bottom node be included in subsequent tests) Can some one describe what happens when the orange ray goes through the scene correctly?

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  • Direct3D9 application won't write to depth buffer

    - by DeadMG
    I've got an application written in D3D9 which will not write any values to the depth buffer, resulting in incorrect values for the depth test. Things I've checked so far: D3DRS_ZENABLE, set to TRUE D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, set to TRUE D3DRS_ZFUNC, set to D3DCMP_LESSEQUAL The depth buffer is definitely bound to the pipeline at the relevant time The depth buffer was correctly cleared before use. I've used PIX to confirm that all of these things occurred as expected. For example, if I clear the depth buffer to 0 instead of 1, then correctly nothing is drawn, and PIX confirms that all the pixels failed the depth test. But I've also used PIX to confirm that my submitted geometry does not write to the depth buffer and so is not correctly rendered. Any other suggestions?

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  • Compiling a Monogame Game into a single .exe

    - by user27483
    Is it possible to compile a monogame game into a single .exe? I know if you go in the debug or release bin, there is in fact a .exe your game, except you move this .exe's file location or try to run in on another computer it crashes. I am also aware of the one-click application except this seems like a really messy way of redistributing a monogame game. How come when you build your game, the exe for it wont work anywhere but that file location and that computer. I am also aware that the computer probably needs the XNA framework downloaded to play the monogame game, so in short is it possible to redistribute a monogame game by creating a single .exe and assume that person who is using it doesnt have XNA or monogame installed?

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  • How do I apply different probability factors in an algorithm for a cricket simulation game?

    - by Komal Sharma
    I am trying to write the algorithm for a cricket simulation game which generates runs on each ball between 0 to 6. The run rate or runs generated changes when these factors come into play like skill of the batsman, skill of the bowler, target to be chased. Wickets left. If the batsman is skilled more runs will be generated. There will be a mode of play of the batsman aggressive, normal, defensive. If he plays aggressive chances of getting out will be more. If the chasing target is more the run rate should be more. If the overs are final the run rate should be more. I am using java random number function for this. The code so far I've written is public class Cricket { public static void main(String args[]) { int totalRuns=0; //i is the balls bowled for (int i = 1; i <= 60 ; i++) { int RunsPerBall = (int)(Math.random()*6); //System.out.println(Random); totalRuns=totalRuns+RunsPerBall; } System.out.println(totalRuns); } } Can somebody help me how to apply the factors in the code. I believe probability will be used with this. I am not clear how to apply the probability of the factors stated above in the code.

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  • How to create projection/view matrix for hole in the monitor effect

    - by Mr Bell
    Lets say I have my XNA app window that is sized at 640 x 480 pixels. Now lets say I have a cube model with its poly's facing in to make a room. This cube is sized 640 units wide by 480 units high by 480 units deep. Lets say the camera is somewhere in front of the box looking at it. How can I set up the view and projection matrices such that the front edge of the box lines up exactly with the edges of the application window? It seems like this should probably involve the Matrix.CreatePerspectiveOffCenter method, but I don't fully understand how the parameters translate on to the screen. For reference, the end result will be something like Johhny Lee's wii head tracking demo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd3-eiid-Uw&feature=player_embedded P.S. I realize that his source code is available, but I am afraid I haven't been able to make heads or tails out of it.

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  • How can a NodeJS server be used from Game Maker HTML5?

    - by Tokyo Dan
    I want to create a client-server game that runs on Game Maker HTML5-NodeJS. The NodeJS server will be an AI server - a bot that acts like a human opponent and plays against the human player at a front-end game client that is coded in GM HTML5. How can a NodeJS server be used from GM HTML5. Are there any examples of such a system? I already got an iOS game that can talk to a remote AI server (coded in Lua) using TCP sockets. Can this be done with Game Maker HTML5 and NodeJS.

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  • Collision detection on a 2D hexagonal grid

    - by SundayMonday
    I'm making a casual grid-based 2D iPhone game using Cocos2D. The grid is a "staggered" hex-like grid consisting of uniformly sized and spaced discs. It looks something like this. I've stored the grid in a 2D array. Also I have a concept of "surrounding" grid cells. Namely the six grid cells surrounding a particular cell (except those on the boundries which can have less than six). Anyways I'm testing some collision detection and it's not working out as well as I had planned. Here's how I currently do collision detection for a moving disc that's approaching the stationary group of discs: Calculate ij-coordinates of grid cell closest to moving cell using moving cell's xy-position Get list of surrounding grid cells using ij-coordinates Examine the surrounding cells. If they're all empty then no collision If we have some non-empty surrounding cells then compare the distance between the disc centers to some minimum distance required for a collision If there's a collision then place the moving disc in grid cell ij So this works but not too well. I've considered a potentially simpler brute force approach where I just compare the moving disc to all stationary discs at each step of the game loop. This is probably feasible in terms of performance since the stationary disc count is 300 max. If not then some space-partitioning data structure could be used however that feels too complex. What are some common approaches and best practices to collision detection in a game like this?

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  • Camera frustum calculation coming out wrong

    - by Telanor
    I'm trying to calculate a view/projection/bounding frustum for the 6 directions of a point light and I'm having trouble with the views pointing along the Y axis. Our game uses a right-handed, Y-up system. For the other 4 directions I create the LookAt matrix using (0, 1, 0) as the up vector. Obviously that doesn't work when looking along the Y axis so for those I use an up vector of (-1, 0, 0) for -Y and (1, 0, 0) for +Y. The view matrix seems to come out correctly (and the projection matrix always stays the same), but the bounding frustum is definitely wrong. Can anyone see what I'm doing wrong? This is the code I'm using: camera.Projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovRH((float)Math.PI / 2, ShadowMapSize / (float)ShadowMapSize, 1, 5); for(var i = 0; i < 6; i++) { var renderTargetView = shadowMap.GetRenderTargetView((TextureCubeFace)i); var up = DetermineLightUp((TextureCubeFace) i); var forward = DirectionToVector((TextureCubeFace) i); camera.View = Matrix.LookAtRH(this.Position, this.Position + forward, up); camera.BoundingFrustum = new BoundingFrustum(camera.View * camera.Projection); } private static Vector3 DirectionToVector(TextureCubeFace direction) { switch (direction) { case TextureCubeFace.NegativeX: return -Vector3.UnitX; case TextureCubeFace.NegativeY: return -Vector3.UnitY; case TextureCubeFace.NegativeZ: return -Vector3.UnitZ; case TextureCubeFace.PositiveX: return Vector3.UnitX; case TextureCubeFace.PositiveY: return Vector3.UnitY; case TextureCubeFace.PositiveZ: return Vector3.UnitZ; default: throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("direction"); } } private static Vector3 DetermineLightUp(TextureCubeFace direction) { switch (direction) { case TextureCubeFace.NegativeY: return -Vector3.UnitX; case TextureCubeFace.PositiveY: return Vector3.UnitX; default: return Vector3.UnitY; } } Edit: Here's what the values are coming out to for the PositiveX and PositiveY directions: Constants: Position = {X:0 Y:360 Z:0} camera.Projection = [M11:0.9999999 M12:0 M13:0 M14:0] [M21:0 M22:0.9999999 M23:0 M24:0] [M31:0 M32:0 M33:-1.25 M34:-1] [M41:0 M42:0 M43:-1.25 M44:0] PositiveX: up = {X:0 Y:1 Z:0} target = {X:1 Y:360 Z:0} camera.View = [M11:0 M12:0 M13:-1 M14:0] [M21:0 M22:1 M23:0 M24:0] [M31:1 M32:0 M33:0 M34:0] [M41:0 M42:-360 M43:0 M44:1] camera.BoundingFrustum: Matrix = [M11:0 M12:0 M13:1.25 M14:1] [M21:0 M22:0.9999999 M23:0 M24:0] [M31:0.9999999 M32:0 M33:0 M34:0] [M41:0 M42:-360 M43:-1.25 M44:0] Top = {A:0.7071068 B:-0.7071068 C:0 D:254.5584} Bottom = {A:0.7071068 B:0.7071068 C:0 D:-254.5584} Left = {A:0.7071068 B:0 C:0.7071068 D:0} Right = {A:0.7071068 B:0 C:-0.7071068 D:0} Near = {A:1 B:0 C:0 D:-1} Far = {A:-1 B:0 C:0 D:5} PositiveY: up = {X:0 Y:0 Z:-1} target = {X:0 Y:361 Z:0} camera.View = [M11:-1 M12:0 M13:0 M14:0] [M21:0 M22:0 M23:-1 M24:0] [M31:0 M32:-1 M33:0 M34:0] [M41:0 M42:0 M43:360 M44:1] camera.BoundingFrustum: Matrix = [M11:-0.9999999 M12:0 M13:0 M14:0] [M21:0 M22:0 M23:1.25 M24:1] [M31:0 M32:-0.9999999 M33:0 M34:0] [M41:0 M42:0 M43:-451.25 M44:-360] Top = {A:0 B:0.7071068 C:0.7071068 D:-254.5585} Bottom = {A:0 B:0.7071068 C:-0.7071068 D:-254.5585} Left = {A:-0.7071068 B:0.7071068 C:0 D:-254.5585} Right = {A:0.7071068 B:0.7071068 C:0 D:-254.5585} Near = {A:0 B:1 C:0 D:-361} Far = {A:0 B:-1 C:0 D:365} When I use the resulting BoundingFrustum to cull regions outside of it, this is the result: Pass PositiveX: Drew 3 regions Pass NegativeX: Drew 6 regions Pass PositiveY: Drew 400 regions Pass NegativeY: Drew 36 regions Pass PositiveZ: Drew 3 regions Pass NegativeZ: Drew 6 regions There are only 400 regions to draw and the light is in the center of them. As you can see, the PositiveY direction is drawing every single region. With the near/far planes of the perspective matrix set as small as they are, there's no way a single frustum could contain every single region.

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  • How do I make the Cylinder in the model?

    - by Stanley Chiu
    I have a class which will draw cylinders with deformer's index in the FBX file. The deformer which was in the 3ds max's biped. ex: If I have 22 bones in the deformer's structure, I will draw 22 cylinders. But I was in trouble that I want to let these cylinders in the model. And then I refer to the example (XNA Club Simple Animation 4.0) for my program. But these cylinders are not in correct positions with the model. How do I make these cylinders in correct positions with the model?

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  • Is there any difference between storing textures and baked lighting for environment meshes?

    - by Ben Hymers
    I assume that when texturing environments, one or several textures will be used, and the UVs of the environment geometry will likely overlap on these textures, so that e.g. a tiling brick texture can be used by many parts of the environment, rather than UV unwrapping the entire thing, and having several areas of the texture be identical. If my assumption is wrong, please let me know! Now, when thinking about baking lighting, clearly this can't be done the same way - lighting in general will be unique to every face so the environment must be UV unwrapped without overlap, and lighting must be baked onto unique areas of one or several textures, to give each surface its own texture space to store its lighting. My questions are: Have I got this wrong? If so, how? Isn't baking lighting going to use a lot of texture space? Will the geometry need two UV sets, one used for the colour/normal texture and one for the lighting texture? Anything else you'd like to add? :)

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