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• how could application installations/configurations be easier in linux?

  - by ajsie

  although you can do anything in linux it tends to require a lot of tweaking in config files and reading a lot of manuals/tutorials before you can have it running in your way. i know that it gets a lot easier by time, and the apt-get installations with ubuntu/debian is heading the right way. but how can linux be more userfriendly for us in the future? i thought that if more is automated like an IDE environment, eg. typing svn will give us all the commands and description about each command when you move between commands with your keyboard. that would be great. but that's just one example. another is the navigation in the terminal between folders. now you have to type a lot just to jump from/to different folders. would be great with some more automatization here too. i know that these extra features will slow down the server, but its 2010 now, and these features are not that heavy for the cpu, but makes it more userfriendly and encourage maintainance of a server, not frighten u off. what do you think about this? should/could we have more user friendly linux environment in servers, something that has annoyed you a lot? a lot of things are done in the unix way, but maybe we should reinvent the wheel in some areas, cause apparently, its so...repeatingly today and difficult to do easy tasks. it should be easier i think..

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• Colorizing your terminal and shell environment?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I spend most of my time working in Unix environments and using Terminal emulators. I try to use color on the commandline, because color makes the output more useful and intuitive. What are some good ways to add color to my terminal environment? What tricks do you do? What pitfals have you encountered? Unfortunately, support for color is wildly variable depending on terminal type, OS, TERM setting, utility, buggy implementations, etc. Here's what I do currently, after alot of experimentation: I tend to set 'TERM=xterm-color', which is supported on most hosts (but not all). I work on a number of different hosts, different OS versions, etc. I'm trying to keep things simple and generic, if possible. Many OSs set things like 'dircolors' and by default, and I don't want to modify this everywhere. So I try to stick with the defaults. Instead tweak my Terminal's color configuration. Use color for some unix commands (ls, grep, less, vim) and the Bash prompt. These commands seem to the standard "ANSI escape sequences" I've managed to find some settings which are widely supported, and which don't print gobbledygook characters in older environments (even FreeBSD4!) (For the most part). From my .bash_profile ### Color support # The Terminal application typically does 'export TERM=term=color' # Some terminal types will print Black, White & underlined with these settings. OS=`uname -s` case "$OS" in "SunOS" ) # Solaris9 ls doesn't allow color, so use special characters instead. LS_OPTS='-F' ;; "Linux" ) # GNU tools supports colors! See dircolors to customize colors export LS_OPTS='--color=auto' # Color support using 'less -R' alias less='less --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS' alias ls='ls ${LS_OPTS} export GREP_OPTIONS="--color=auto" ;; "Darwin"|"FreeBSD") # Most FreeBSD & Apple Darwin supports colors # LS_OPTS="-G" export CLICOLOR=true alias less='less --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS' export GREP_OPTIONS="--color=auto" ;; esac

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• linux command prompt ftp to ftp server running on windows

  - by Vass

  Hi, I am using on Windows Vista, Filezilla server. I have it set up to be accessed via outside IPs and when I use a client on the IP I have it connects normally using Filezilla client. On the same machine I have Ubuntu running in a virtual box and when using filezilla client in there it works fine. Now I want to try the command prompt. So I do the ftp xxx.xxx.xx.xx I enter the name and password and i get the ftp command prompt, but the commands are not working properly. when trying "ls" or "cd" these commands do not work. "cd" tells me that the current directory is "/" root, but this does not make sense in the windows operating system. Now the filezilla client is taking the user in the application window directly to the root folder of the permitted filespace granted to that user. How can the same be done from the command prompt, if there is a way? It is as if the command prompt takes me to the root which does not exist or even have correct permissions to move in. Is there any way to be taken to the correct directory directly, or move there especially when the slashes are the wrong way around etc? Best,

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• How to configure CISCO switch 2960 for port-based address allocation on a single port only?

  - by Jack

  CISCO 2960 allows you to configure so-called Port-Based address allocation. It makes the switch to associate IP address it is giving out via DHCP with port-identifier, which is random, switch created identifier. In practice it means that any machine connected to such configured port will always get the same IP address, regardless of what that machine's MAC address is. I want to have that feature configured on --some ports-- only. But no matter what commands I try it seems that this can only be done for all ports, all for none. Even though CISCO manual seems to indicate there's both global and per-port command to enable that. Here are relevant commands from CISCO manual: configure terminal ip dhcp use subscriber-id client-id (this configures the DHCP server to globally use the subscriber ID as the client ID on all incoming DHCP messages) interface FastEthernet0/1 ip dhcp server use subscriber-id client-id (Optional: Configures the DHCP server to use the subscriber ID as the client ID on all incoming DHCP messages on the interface) but it appears if I configure only per-interface than there's no effect at all, if I configure globally and per interface - CISCo behaves as if all ports were configured to use that feature. Any ideas?

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• Running python script in incrontab in Debian

  - by WilliamMayor

  I have a user, dropbox, that runs the Dropbox daemon, I want to monitor the directories in the Dropbox directory for new files and run a python script when they appear. I have the python script that I know works: $ /home/dropbox/monitor.py Trying to get lock Got lock, waiting for Dropbox to be idle Dropbox idle Finding instructions Done, releasing lock I have an incrontab entry: $ incrontab -l /home/dropbox/Dropbox IN_CREATE /home/dropbox/monitor.py | logger /home/dropbox/test IN_CREATE logger "$$ $@ $# $% $&" When I add a file to the test directory I see the output in /var/log/syslog: $ touch /home/dropbox/test/a $ tail /var/log/syslog ... Nov 9 10:18:27 vps incrond[1354]: (dropbox) CMD (logger "$ /home/dropbox/test a IN_CREATE 256") Nov 9 10:18:27 vps logger: "$ /home/dropbox/test a IN_CREATE 256" ... However, when I add a file to the Dropbox directory the command doesn't seem to run: $ touch /home/dropbox/Dropbox/a $ tail /var/log/syslog ... Nov 9 10:24:16 vps incrond[1354]: (dropbox) CMD (/home/dropbox/monitor.py | logger) ... So the incron daemon notices the new file and the correct command is found to be executed but it never actually gets executed. Nor are there any error messages. It kind of seems like incrontab can only be used to run the most simple of commands. This might be a similar question to: Incrond running but not executing commands CentOS 6.4 but I think that I don't have env problems, every path is absolute. I tried changing .../monitor.py to /usr/bin/python2.7 .../monitor.py just in case but it didn't make any difference.

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• iptables configuration under ubuntu

  - by aioobe

  I'm following a tutorial on setting up a dns-tunnel. I've run into the following instruction: Now you need to enable forwarding on this server. I use iptables to implement masquerading. There are many HOWTOs about this (a simple one, for example). On Debian, the configuration file for iptables is in /var/lib/iptables/active. The relevant bit is: *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [6:1596] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [1:76] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [1:76] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/8 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT Restart iptables: /etc/init.d/iptables restart The problem is that I don't have any /var/lib/iptables/active. (I'm on ubuntu.) How can I accomplish this? I suspect that I should just interact with the iptables command somehow but I have no clue what to write. Best would probably be if I could put the commands in a script somehow I suppose. (A side-note. If I execute a few iptables-commands it wont be there for ever, right? The rules will be discarded on reboot?)

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• Advice: USB Monitoring Programming

  - by Kashif

  I need an advice about USB programming in linux. i have to design a USB monitoring program that 'll keep checking usb ports of a linux cent os. as soon as a usb or external hard disk is connected, this program will shoot an email to some specific person about detail of usb (as size, mount on, time). when usb is disconnected, it will again shoot an email to some person with same kind of information. mean while this program will also write logs in syslog/messages with name of programing for easy tracking. Now I want ask that what is best way to develop this program. as I'm new to this field so i know nothing about it? either i should use perl, bash scripting or some other language? I have no idea what is right way to adopt coz this program will keep running all the time to keep a check on usb ports. I know few commands in like lsusb, fdisk (to check attached usb) and df -h (to get detail of usb) but dont know how i can achieve using these commands that i am thinking. also one more thing that in future i also need to modify this program for ubuntu and Citrix XenServer and it should be same everywhere.

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• Gifsicle: How to set it to not overwrite the original GIF file if the resulting modified GIF file is larger than the original?

  - by galacticninja

  About Gifsicle: Gifsicle is a command-line tool for creating, editing, and getting information about GIF images and animations. One of its features is (from its website): Optimize your animations! This stores only the changed portion of each frame, and can radically shrink your GIFs. You can also use transparency to make them even smaller. Gifsicle’s optimizer is pretty powerful, and usually reduces animations to within a couple bytes of the best commercial optimizers. I call Gifsicle through this .BAT file in the Right Click - 'Send to' Menu: @echo off :compressFile "C:\Programs\Compression Scripts\gifsicle\bin\gifsicle.exe" --batch -V -O3 %1% echo. echo. SHIFT if exist %1% goto compressFile PAUSE This animated GIF file, however: http://i.minus.com/i7WdodY5Zwot3.gif, when its compression is optimized with Gifsicle with the above commands, results in a larger-filesized GIF file. Gifsicle overwrites the original GIF file with the resulting larger-filesized GIF file. Initial filesize: 7.57 MiB (7,942,886 bytes). After running through the above commands with Gifsicle: 7.64 MiB (8,017,622 bytes). Is there a way to prevent Gifsicle from overwriting the original file if its output file is larger than the original file, while still overwriting the original file if the output file is smaller? Details: OS: Windows 7 Gifsicle version: 1.63, from the binary provided here: http://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle/ Gifsicle manual

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• Windows7 corrupted profile - prevention exists?

  - by Radek

  I have dedicated Windows7 (not on domain) virtual machine for overnight automation testing. Some commands (mySQLdump, tscon.exe) must be run under administrator account. Last week administrator account's profile was corrupted. I fixed it by renaming it in the registry and logging in as administrator. And today it is corrupted again. I use administrator account only to run above commands via runas. Also the computer is restarted via cmd - shutdown command - quite often. Especially every night before automation testing starts. I checked the comp for viruses - did full scan using avast although I believed that the comp is clean. Any idea how to prevent the profile to get corrupted again? update So the first log entry in event log is today from 1.15am and one of my scripts ran runas command as administrator exactly at 1.15am. It was second time that runas war executed though after the testing started. The same happened second day in a row. Before the testing starts I need to copy one file that is locked. So I run handle.exe from runas to unlock it. That is what I think causing the profile to get corrupted. I am not able to reproduce it by myself. The message from event viewer is Windows cannot load the locally stored profile. Possible causes of this error include insufficient security rights or a corrupt local profile. DETAIL – The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process.

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• How to diagnose storage system scaling problems?

  - by Unknown

  We are currently testing the maximum sequential read throughput of a storage system (48 disks total behind two HP P2000 arrays) connected to HP DL580 G7 running RHEL 5 with 128 GB of memory. Initial testing has been mainly done by running DD-commands like this: dd if=/dev/mapper/mpath1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=3000 In parallel for each disk. However, we have been unable to scale the results from one array (maximum throughput of 1.3 GB/s) to two (almost the same throughput). Each array is connected to a dedicated host bust adapter, so they should not be the bottleneck. The disks are currently in JBOD configuration, so each disk can be addressed directly. I have two questions: Is running multiple DD commands in parallel really a good way to test maximum read throughput? We have noticed very high SWAPIN-% numbers in iotop, which I find hard to explain because the target is /dev/null How shoud we proceed in trying to find the reason for the scaling problem? Do you thing the server itself is the bottleneck here, or could there be some linux parameters that we have overlooked?

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• PHP / SSH2 Multi-threading

  - by Asad Moeen

  I'm basically done using SSH2 with PHP. Some may already that while using it, the PHP code actually waits for all the listed commands to be executed in SSH and when everything is done, it then gives back the results. Where that is fine for the work I am doing, but I need some commands to be multi-threaded. $cmd= MyCommand; echo $ssh-exec($cmd); So I just want this to run in parallel 2 times. I googled some stuff but didn't get along with it. For a basic thing, I came across to this way posted by someone but it didn't work out for me. for ($i = 0; $i < 2; $i += 1) { exec("php test_1.php $i > test.txt &"); //this will execute test_1.php and will leave this process executing in the background and will go to next iteration of the loop immediately without waiting the completion of the script in the test_1.php , $i is passed as argument . } I tried to put it this way exec("echo $ssh-exec($cmd) $i test.txt &"); in the loop but either it never entered the loop or the echo $ssh-exec failed. I don't really need a very neat multi-threading. Even a single second delay would do good, thank you.

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• How can I implement ansible with per-host passwords, securely?

  - by supervacuo

  I would like to use ansible to manage a group of existing servers. I have created an ansible_hosts file, and tested successfully (with the -K option) with commands that only target a single host ansible -i ansible_hosts host1 --sudo -K # + commands ... My problem now is that the user passwords on each host are different, but I can't find a way of handling this in Ansible. Using -K, I am only prompted for a single sudo password up-front, which then seems to be tried for all subsequent hosts without prompting: host1 | ... host2 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host3 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host4 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host5 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password Research so far: a StackOverflow question with one incorrect answer ("use -K") and one response by the author saying "Found out I needed passwordless sudo" the Ansible docs, which say "Use of passwordless sudo makes things easier to automate, but it’s not required." (emphasis mine) this security StackExchange question which takes it as read that NOPASSWD is required article "Scalable and Understandable Provisioning..." which says: "running sudo may require typing a password, which is a sure way of blocking Ansible forever. A simple fix is to run visudo on the target host, and make sure that the user Ansible will use to login does not have to type a password" article "Basic Ansible Playbooks", which says "Ansible could log into the target server as root and avoid the need for sudo, or let the ansible user have sudo without a password, but the thought of doing either makes my spleen threaten to leap up my gullet and block my windpipe, so I don’t" My thoughts exactly, but then how to extend beyond a single server? ansible issue #1227, "Ansible should ask for sudo password for all users in a playbook", which was closed a year ago by mpdehaan with the comment "Haven't seen much demand for this, I think most people are sudoing from only one user account or using keys most of the time." So... how are people using Ansible in situations like these? Setting NOPASSWD in /etc/sudoers, reusing password across hosts or enabling root SSH login all seem rather drastic reductions in security.

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• Debian Wheezy IPv6 isn't configured with ifup post-up hook

  - by aef

  We recently set up a server on Debian Wheezy Beta 3 (x86_64) which has a native IPv6 connection. We configured the eth0 interface to get the IPv6 configuration through some post-up hook commands in /etc/network/interfaces. The result is, that after the booting the system up, there is only IPv4 and an auto-configured link-local IPv6 address configured on the interface, as if the command has never been executed. When we additionally place the commands after the call to ifup -a inside the /etc/init.d/networking init script, everything works as expected and we have a fully configured interface after booting up. This is quite an ugly way to configure the interface. What are we doing wrong with the ifup post-up hooks? Or is this a bug? The section from /etc/network/interfaces looks like this (IP-addresses changed): allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 1.2.3.1 netmask 255.255.255.192 network 1.2.3.0 broadcast 1.2.3.63 gateway 1.2.3.62 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 dns-search mydomain.tld post-up ip -6 addr add 2001:db8:100:3022::2 dev eth0 post-up ip -6 route add fe80::1 dev eth0 post-up ip -6 route add default via fe80::1 dev eth0 I also tried it in this alternative way: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 1.2.3.1 netmask 255.255.255.192 network 1.2.3.0 broadcast 1.2.3.63 gateway 1.2.3.62 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 dns-search mydomain.tld iface eth0 inet6 static address 2001:db8:100:3022::2 netmask 64 gateway fe80::1 What we added to /etc/init.d/networking: … case "$1" in start) process_options check_ifstate if [ "$CONFIGURE_INTERFACES" = no ] then log_action_msg "Not configuring network interfaces, see /etc/default/networking" exit 0 fi set -f exclusions=$(process_exclusions) log_action_begin_msg "Configuring network interfaces" if ifup -a $exclusions $verbose && ifup_hotplug $exclusions $verbose # Our additions ip -6 addr add 2001:db8:100:3022::2 dev eth0 ip -6 route add fe80::1 dev eth0 ip -6 route add default via fe80::1 dev eth0 then log_action_end_msg $? else log_action_end_msg $? fi ;; …

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• Reset rc.d so software starts at boot again

  - by natli

  I ran the following 2 commands on my VPS box and now it boots without starting any software at all. According to rcconf it's still supposed to start my chosen software (ssh etc.) but it doesn't. update-rc.d vz defaults update-rc.d vzeventd defaults I already tried removing them again with update-rc.d -f vz remove update-rc.d -f vzeventd remove But that didnt't change anything. /etc/rc.local also still correctly lists some scripts I want to run at start-up, but they don't seem to be called either. I expect the top 2 commands to be responsible, but here's everything I did: mkdir /var/openvz-dl cd /var/openvz-dl wget http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/rhel6-2.6.32/042stab062.2/vzkernel-2.6.32-042stab062.2.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/rhel6-2.6.32/042stab062.2/vzkernel-devel-2.6.32-042stab062.2.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/vzctl/4.0/vzctl-4.0-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/vzctl/4.0/vzctl-core-4.0-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/ploop/1.5/ploop-1.5-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/ploop/1.5/ploop-lib-1.5-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/vzquota/3.1/vzquota-3.1-1.x86_64.rpm apt-get install fakeroot alien fakeroot alien --to-deb --scripts --keep-version vz*.rpm ploop*.rpm dpkg -i vz*.deb ploop*.deb --force-overwrite update-rc.d vz defaults update-rc.d vzeventd defaults reboot A huge part of that failed because I was running it on an OpenVZ VPS which has a shared kernel that can't be altered, so I also had to fix the dpkg like so (it was moaning about wanting to install vzkernel with a package not being found); rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/vzkernel* dpkg-reconfigure vzkernel --force dpkg --purge --force-all vzkernel But that didn't fix the boot issue either. How do I make my software start at boot again?

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• How do I encapsulate the application server from the web and database servers?

  - by SNyamathi

  So I've been doing some reading and it seems like the best practice would be to have separate database, application, and web servers. There are a few things that I've failed to understand - please feel free to recommend any reading materials that would address these topics. Database (assume MySQL) Application server communication: Does the database server do any sort of checks on the SQL commands sent / returned, or is it just a "dumb pipe" that responds to SQL commands by spitting back data? Application server (assume Tomcat) Web Server Almost the reverse here, is it the web server that is more of a pipe to the internet that forwards requests to the application server and spits back responses? I'm not wording this well, but I'm trying to ask - is it the application server that is responsible for validating data received by from requests? ex: Parsing POSTs Validating user logins Encrypting decrypting data Furthermore, how do these two servers communicate? I'm trying to keep things as flexible as possible here, so while I could write a web server in Java and use Java to communicate between the web and app server, that doesn't sound very modular. What if I want to use Python or some other language to replace the web server later on? What if I want to make a non-web facing application used in house written in C++ or something.

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• How to correctly set GNU Screen to display currently running program in hardstatus

  - by johnny_bgoode

  I posted this question on SuperUser but it's hardly getting any views, so I thought I'd ask here as well. In bash, to display the name of the current program in the GNU Screen hardstatus line takes only two configuration lines. First, tell screen what the end of your prompt normally looks like, and supply a default title for a window when you are sitting at in the shell: shelltitle "$ |bash" Next, place this escape sequence in the PS1 variable, before the characters that normally terminate the prompt '$ ' in this case: \033k\033\\\ This technique works, to a point. The hardstatus window title is updated to the name of the currently running program, and then switches back to the default title shortly after execution is finished. One major problem, however, is that this escape string is not escaped itself, causing line-wrapping problems with commands longer than the initial line. This was annoying, so I set out looking for a solution. Turns out, simply escaping the previous escape sequence corrects line wrapping: [\033k]\[\033\\\] Great! My hardstatus window title still updates to the name of the currently running program, and now my longer commands wrap to the second line correctly. However, with this new escape sequence in my PS1, screen updates the window title to the actual command I am typing, not simply the name of the current program once it is executed. I am wondering, has anyone gotten this working correctly - i.e. line wrapping and proper updating of the hardstatus window title? Thanks!

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• How to correctly set GNU Screen to display currently running program in hardstatus

  - by johnny_bgoode

  In bash, to display the name of the current program in the GNU Screen hardstatus line takes only two configuration lines. First, tell screen what the end of your prompt normally looks like, and supply a default title for a window when you are sitting at in the shell: shelltitle "$ |bash" Next, place this escape sequence in the PS1 variable, before the characters that normally terminate the prompt '$ ' in this case: \033k\033\\ This technique works, to a point. The hardstatus window title is updated to the name of the currently running program, and then switches back to the default title shortly after execution is finished. One major problem, however, is that this escape string is not escaped itself, causing line-wrapping problems with commands longer than the initial line. This was annoying, so I set out looking for a solution. Turns out, simply escaping the previous escape sequence corrects line wrapping: \[\033k\]\[\033\\\] Great! My hardstatus window title still updates to the name of the currently running program, and now my longer commands wrap to the second line correctly. However, with this new escape sequence in my PS1, screen updates the window title to the actual command I am typing, not simply the name of the current program once it is executed. I am wondering, has anyone gotten this working correctly - i.e. line wrapping and proper updating of the hardstatus window title?

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• SSH hangs when executing command remotely

  - by Serty Oan

  Client : OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 (Ubuntu 9.04) Server : OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 (Proxmox 2.6.24-7-pve) I use SSH to execute commands remotely on the server (module check_by_ssh of Nagios). But SSH hangs from time to time when trying to execute commands. I can log to the server via SSH but not executing a simple 'ls'. And it seems to block from all clients from the same IP address. Authentication is not the problem, may it be made by SSH keys or password. ssh -l root -p 2222 server.domain.tld 'ls' Here the client debug info debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env ORBIT_SOCKETDIR *** skipping approx 40 env var ignored debug1: Sending command: ls debug2: channel 0: request exec confirm 1 It hangs there. Then after a random time, it works again (without doing anything). Killing all sshd process on the server seems to work too. It works from a Putty. I saw that some people had trouble like this due to ISP reverse DNS problem, but it does not seem to be the case here. It can work for hours and then not work for half an hour or so. What could explain this behaviour ?

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• How to start MSSQL Server with corrupt model db

  - by Jordan McGuigan

  After moving some databases around (restoring, deleting, etc) we experienced an issue creating new databases. Specifically, When trying to create a new database MSSQL Server it failed because the "The database 'model' is marked RESTORING and is in a state that does not allow recovery to be run". As some online solutions suggested, we tried to Start and Stop the MSSQL Service. Service would not restart because "Could not create tempdb. You may not have enough disk space available. Free additional disk space by deleting other files on the tempdb drive" (FYI: the drive has 100gb of free space). Tried restarting the machine the MSSQL Server is running on. When the server came back online, we received the same error. We have tried deleting tempdb.mdf and restoring the modeldb from the templates folder, but neither of these solved the issue. We are unable to connect to the database, even in single user mode. Many of the online solutions have us running SQL commands against the server, but we are unable to connect (even in single user mode) to the DB to run commands against the server. Specific error messages: Database 'model' cannot be opened. It is in the middle of a restore. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 927) The SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER) service is starting. The SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER) service could not be started. A service specific error occurred: 1814. We need the server up and running again ASAP.

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• Using screen to monitor non-interactive scripts (or some other solution)

  - by Michael

  I have some autonomous scripts that run commands on remote machines over ssh. These scripts rely on getting stdout, stderr, and the return code of each command run. I want to be able to monitor the progress of the scripts on each target machine so that I can see if something has hung and possibly intervene if necessary. My initial idea was to have the scripts run commands in a screen session, so that the person monitoring could simply attach to the session with screen -x. However, it was hard to do that from a script since screen is an interactive program. I can send a command to the screen session with screen -S session -X stuff "command^M", but then I don't get the output and return code that I need back. My second idea was to put script /path/to/log in ~/.bash_profile and log the entire session to a file. Then the monitoring person could simply tail the log file. However, this doesn't provide the interactivity that I was looking for. Any ideas on how to solve this problem?

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• Unable to create files in a directory

  - by vamsi360

  I have created a directory in Virutalbox. Using VBoxManage, I am executing a script inside the Ubuntu VM directory I created above from Ubuntu host OS. But if the script in the VM contains commands for creating a new file, they are not executing. "echo" commands before and after the touch ommand are working fine. I even used root user for VBoxManage to install. I think the directory is not allowing the files to be created . How can I make a directory in Linux to be 777 to all new files created automatically. I mean, even if I make the directory (chmod 777 dir), I am unable to execute the script from the host. Please help. It may be simple permissions problem. Even root is unable to execute. VBoxManage guestcontrol "Ubuntu_10_04" execute --image "/bin/bash" "/home/cloudlet/Desktop/temp2/three" --username root --password root --verbose --wait-exit --wait-stdout -- -l /usr Please help. I am struggling with this problem for the past one week.

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• Compiz and Desktop Effects on Netbook with External Monitor

  - by Nerdfest

  I have an Acer Aspire One AO150 and am having trouble plugging in an external monitor under Ubuntu 9.10. There were no problems under 9.04. If I plug in an external monitor once the machine is already up, then bring up the 'display' application to activate it, it basically hangs. There are no problem under these circumstances if I have desktop effects turned off. I've seen a few mentions of this problem on the Ubuntu forums, but never a solid solution. Any ideas? A few more details after a question below. The machine does not respond to its keyboard commands to switch to an external monitor, nor does it respond to Ctrl-Alt-F1, etc to switch out of X. The pointer is visible on the monitors (at the edge of each) and is frozen as a 'busy' cursor, but with no animation. The kernel does respond to SysReq commands (REISUB). In the latest attempt I had the external monitor active earlier, then removed it and activated desktop effects. Upon plugging in the eternal monitor then bringing up the display application, it hangs.

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• Command prompt cannot find PATH variable

  - by davidXYZ

  Sometimes, my command prompt cannot find the PATH variable. I have this occasional problem at work where when I open command-prompt and run commands like ipconfig or subst, I get an error saying something like 'ipconfig' is not recognized as an internal or external command. When I try this echo %path%, it prints out %path% instead of the PATH value. If I look at my Environment Variables window, the PATH is defined right there but I don't know why CMD can't find it. At this point, I understand why the other commands were not being recognized since their paths are in PATH variable. However, I cannot understand why the PATH variable is not being found. If I restart the computer, everything is back to normal. In a few days, I might have the same experience again. I tried using this answer. It suggested changing a registry value but mine already had the value that was suggested yet it wasn't working. (The restart step at the end would have solved it as usual but that's not the point.) Any suggestions regarding why the PATH variable may become invisible every now and then and how I can prevent it from happening again?

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• Ruby on Rails: url_for :back leads to NoMethodError for back_url

  - by Platinum Azure

  Hi all, I'm trying to use url_for(:back) to create a redirect leading back to a previous page upon a user's logging in. I've had it working successfully for when the user just goes to the login page on his or her own. However, when the user is redirected to the login page due to accessing a page requiring that the user be authenticated, the redirect sends the user back to the page before the one s/he had tried to access with insufficient permissions. I'm trying to modify my login controller action to deal with the redirect properly. My plan is to have a query string parameter "redirect" that is used when a forced redirect occurs. In the controller, if that parameter exists that URL is used; otherwise, url_for(:back) is used, or if that doesn't work (due to lack of HTTP_REFERER), then the user is redirected to the site's home page. Here is the code snippet which is supposed to implement this logic: if params[:redirect] @url = params[:redirect] else @url = url_for :back @url ||= url_for :controller => "home", :action => "index" end The error I get is: NoMethodError in UsersController#login undefined method `back_url' for # RAILS_ROOT: [obscured] Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/polymorphic_routes.rb:112:in `__send__' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/polymorphic_routes.rb:112:in `polymorphic_url' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:628:in `url_for' app/controllers/users_controller.rb:16:in `login' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/rails.rb:76:in `process' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/rails.rb:74:in `synchronize' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/rails.rb:74:in `process' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:159:in `process_client' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:158:in `each' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:158:in `process_client' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `initialize' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `new' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in `initialize' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in `new' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:282:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:281:in `each' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:281:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/bin/mongrel_rails:128:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/command.rb:212:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/bin/mongrel_rails:281 vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/polymorphic_routes.rb:112:in `__send__' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/polymorphic_routes.rb:112:in `polymorphic_url' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:628:in `url_for' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:1256:in `send' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:1256:in `perform_action_without_filters' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:617:in `call_filters' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:610:in `perform_action_without_benchmark' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/benchmarking.rb:68:in `perform_action_without_rescue' /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/benchmark.rb:293:in `measure' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/benchmarking.rb:68:in `perform_action_without_rescue' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rescue.rb:136:in `perform_action_without_caching' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/sql_cache.rb:13:in `perform_action' vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:34:in `cache' vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:8:in `cache' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/sql_cache.rb:12:in `perform_action' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:524:in `send' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:524:in `process_without_filters' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:606:in `process_without_session_management_support' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session_management.rb:134:in `process' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:392:in `process' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:184:in `handle_request' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:112:in `dispatch_unlocked' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:125:in `dispatch' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:124:in `synchronize' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:124:in `dispatch' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:134:in `dispatch_cgi' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:41:in `dispatch' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:142:in `load_without_new_constant_marking' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:142:in `load' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:142:in `load' vendor/rails/railties/lib/commands/servers/mongrel.rb:64 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:153:in `require' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:153:in `require' vendor/rails/railties/lib/commands/server.rb:49 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' script/server:3 vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/polymorphic_routes.rb:112:in `__send__' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/polymorphic_routes.rb:112:in `polymorphic_url' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:628:in `url_for' app/controllers/users_controller.rb:16:in `login' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:1256:in `send' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:1256:in `perform_action_without_filters' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:617:in `call_filters' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:610:in `perform_action_without_benchmark' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/benchmarking.rb:68:in `perform_action_without_rescue' /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/benchmark.rb:293:in `measure' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/benchmarking.rb:68:in `perform_action_without_rescue' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rescue.rb:136:in `perform_action_without_caching' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/sql_cache.rb:13:in `perform_action' vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:34:in `cache' vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:8:in `cache' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/sql_cache.rb:12:in `perform_action' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:524:in `send' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:524:in `process_without_filters' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:606:in `process_without_session_management_support' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session_management.rb:134:in `process' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb:392:in `process' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:184:in `handle_request' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:112:in `dispatch_unlocked' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:125:in `dispatch' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:124:in `synchronize' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:124:in `dispatch' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:134:in `dispatch_cgi' vendor/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:41:in `dispatch' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/rails.rb:76:in `process' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/rails.rb:74:in `synchronize' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/rails.rb:74:in `process' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:159:in `process_client' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:158:in `each' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:158:in `process_client' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `initialize' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `new' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in `initialize' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in `new' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:282:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:281:in `each' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:281:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/bin/mongrel_rails:128:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel/command.rb:212:in `run' /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/bin/mongrel_rails:281 vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:142:in `load_without_new_constant_marking' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:142:in `load' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:142:in `load' vendor/rails/railties/lib/commands/servers/mongrel.rb:64 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:153:in `require' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:153:in `require' vendor/rails/railties/lib/commands/server.rb:49 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' script/server:3 Request Parameters: None Show session dump --- :user: :csrf_id: 2927cca61bbbe97218362b5bcdb74c0f flash: !map:ActionController::Flash::FlashHash {} Response Headers: {"Content-Type"="", "cookie"=[], "Cache-Control"="no-cache"} Bear in mind that I had it working earlier-- url_for(:back) knew how to operate properly before I added this logic. Thanks in advance for any ideas!

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• how get validation messages from mangomapper using rails console ?

  - by Alex

  Hi, I am basically teaching myself how to use RoR and MongoDB at the same time. I am following the very good book / tutorial : http://railstutorial.org/ I decided to replace Sqlite3 by MongoDB using the mongomapper gem. Everything works out about alright, but I am having some non-blocking little issues that I truly wish I could get rid of. In chapter 6, when working with validation I got 2 issues: - I don't know how to get the validations messages back like with Sqlite3. The "standard" code is: $ rails console --sandbox >> user = User.new(:name => "", :email => "[email protected]") >> user.save => false >> user.valid? => false >> user.errors.full_messages => ["Name can't be blank"] but if I try to do the same with MongoMapper, it throws an error saying that errors is undefined function. So does it mean that this is simply not implemented in mongomapper / mongo driver ? Or is there some other clever way to do this that I could not figure ? Additional, 2 things here: - I following the exemple in the book to the line, so I was expecting to be able to use the console in sandbox mode, but apparently that does not work either: (...)ruby-1.9.2-p136@rails3/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/console/sandbox.rb:1:in `<top (required)>': uninitialized constant ActiveRecord (NameError) from /Users/Alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136@rails3/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:226:in `initialize_console' from /Users/Alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136@rails3/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:153:in `load_console' from /Users/Alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136@rails3/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:26:in `start' from /Users/Alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136@rails3/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:8:in `start' from /Users/Alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136@rails3/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:23:in `<top (required)>' from script/rails:6:in `require' from script/rails:6:in `<main>' Also, in the book they call "user" but I need to call "User" (note the capital U) why is that ? Is it like mangomapper does not follow the Ruby naming convention or something ? And finally, I am trying to validate the field email with a regex as shown in the tutorial. It does not throws any errors at the code, but whenever I try to insert it just won't ever accept it unless I comment out the :format option... class User include MongoMapper::Document key :name, String, :required => true, :length => { :maximum => 50 } key :email, String, :required => true, # :format => { :with => email_regex }, :uniqueness => { :case_sentitive => false} timestamps! end Any advices you can provide on those topics would help me a lot ! Thanks, Alex

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