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  • Standard library function in R for finding the mode?

    - by Nick
    In statistical language R, mean() and median() are standard functions which do what you'd expect. mode() tells you the internal storage mode of the R object, not the value that occurs the most in its argument. But surely there is a standard library function that implements mode for a vector (or list).

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  • Understanding CGI and SQL security from the ground up

    - by Steve
    This question is for learning purposes. Suppose I am writing a simple SQL admin console using CGI and Python. At http://something.com/admin, this admin console should allow me to modify a SQL database (i.e., create and modify tables, and create and modify records) using an ordinary form. In the least secure case, anybody can access http://something.com/admin and modify the database. You can password protect http://something.com/admin. But once you start using the admin console, information is still transmitted in plain text. So then you use HTTPS to secure the transmitted data. Questions: To describe to a learner, how would you incrementally add security to the least secure environment in order to make it most secure? How would you modify/augment my three (possibly erroneous) steps above? What basic tools in Python make your steps possible? Optional: Now that I understand the process, how do sophisticated libraries and frameworks inherently achieve this level of security?

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  • SQL-wrappers (activerecord) to recommened for python?

    - by Horace Ho
    is there an activerecord (any similar SQL-wrapper) for python? which is good for: used in a server-side python script light-weight supports MySQL what I need to do: insert (filename, file size, file md5, the file itself) into (string, int, string, BLOB) columns if the same file (checksum + filename) does not exist in db thx

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  • What's the Difference Between These Two Ruby Class Initialaztion Definitions?

    - by michaelmichael
    I'm working through a book on Ruby, and the author used a slightly different form for writing a class initialization definition than he has in previous sections of the book. It looks like this: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) self.venue = venue self.date = date end end In previous sections of the book, it would've been defined like this: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) @venue = venue @date = date end end Is there any functional difference between using the setter method, as in the first example vs. using the instance variable in the second? They both seem to work. Even mixing them up seems to work: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) @venue = venue self.date = date end end

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  • reading csv file without for

    - by Abruzzo Forte e Gentile
    Hi All I need to read a CSV file in python. Since for last row I receive a 'NULL byte' error I would like to avoid using for keyword but the while. Do you know how to do that? reader = csv.reader( file ) for row in reader # I have an error at this line # do whatever with row I want to substitute the for-loop with a while-loop so that I can check if the row is NULL or not. What is the function for reading a single row in the CSV module? Thanks Thanks p.S. below the traceback Traceback (most recent call last): File "FetchNeuro_TodayTrades.py", line 189, in for row in reader: _csv.Error: line contains NULL byte

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  • Dynamically calling functions - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I have a list of functions... e.g. def filter_bunnies(pets): ... def filter_turtles(pets): ... def filter_narwhals(pets): ... Is there a way to call these functions by using a string representing their name? e.g. 'filter_bunnies', 'filter_turtles', 'filter_narwhals'

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  • problem using the xsl method for-each

    - by joe
    Using XSL I am trying to turn this XML: <book><title>This is a <b>great</b> book</title></book> into this XML: <book>This is a <bold>great</bold> book</book> using this xsl: <xsl:for-each select="book/title/*"> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="name() = 'b'"> <bold> <xsl:value-of select="text()"/> </bold> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <xsl:value-of select="text()"/> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:for-each> but my output is looking like this: <book><bold>great</bold></bold> Can anyone explain why the root text of <title> is getting lost? I believe my for-each select statement may need to be modified but I can't figure out what is should be. Keep in mind that I cannot use an <xsl:template match> because of the complexity of my style sheet. Thanks!

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  • removing elements incrementally from a list

    - by Javier
    Dear all, I've a list of float numbers and I would like to delete incrementally a set of elements in a given range of indexes, sth. like: for j in range(beginIndex, endIndex+1): print ("remove [%d] => val: %g" % (j, myList[j])) del myList[j] However, since I'm iterating over the same list, the indexes (range) are not valid any more for the new list. Does anybody has some suggestions on how to delete the elements properly? Best wishes

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  • Organising files and classes in XCode (iPhone application)

    - by pulegium
    It's a generic question and really a newbie one too, so bear with me... I'm playing with some iPhone development, and trying to create a simple "flip type" application. Nothing sophisticated, let's say on the flip side is a short application summary, bit like 'help' and on the main screen is a simple board game, let's say tic-tac-toe or similar. Now, XCode has generated me 'Main View', 'Flipside View' and 'Application Delegate' folders, with default template files in them. Now the question is where do I create appropriate 'MVC' classes? Let's say (V)iew classes are going to be the ones that have been automatically created. So the Flipside view class is responsible for generating text/images etc on the 'help' view. 'Main View' class is what draws the items on the table and updates the counters, etc. Where should I place the 'controller' class? And also, should it only be dealing with proxying only to the model? According to this the controller method is called from the view and manipulates the method classes. Similarly, the results from model are passed back to the view class by the controller issuing the calls to appropriate view methods. Similarly, where does the model class go? or should I just create a new folder for each, controller and model class files? What I'm after is the best practices, or just a short description how people normally structure their applications. I know it's very specific and also undefined... I came from Django background, so the way stuff is organised there is slightly different. Hope this makes sense, sorry if it's all bit vague, but I have to start somewhere :) And yes I've read quite few docs on the apple developer site, but trouble is that the documents are either going into too much detail about the language/framework/etc and the examples are way too simplistic. Actually, this leads me to the final question, has anyone know any good example of relatively complete application tutorial which I could use as a reference in organising my files?...

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  • What's the Difference Between These Two Ruby Class Initialization Definitions?

    - by michaelmichael
    I'm working through a book on Ruby, and the author used a slightly different form for writing a class initialization definition than he has in previous sections of the book. It looks like this: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) self.venue = venue self.date = date end end In previous sections of the book, it would've been defined like this: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) @venue = venue @date = date end end Is there any functional difference between using the setter method, as in the first example, vs. using the instance variable as in the second? They both seem to work. Even mixing them up works: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) @venue = venue self.date = date end end

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  • An old flaw in X Window System. How does it work?

    - by Legend
    I was going through an article today when it mentioned the following: "We've found many errors over the years. One of the absolute best was the following in the X Window System: if(getuid() != 0 && geteuid == 0) { ErrorF("Only root"); exit(1); } It allowed any local user to get root access. (The tautological check geteuid == 0 was intended to be geteuid() == 0. In its current form, it compress the address of geteuid to 0; given that the function exists, its address is never 0)." The article explained what was wrong with the code but I would like to know what it means to say that "It allowed any local user to get root access". I am not an expert in C but can someone give me an exact context in which this exploit would work? Specifically, what I mean is, lets say I am the local user, how would I get root access if we assume this code to be present somewhere?

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  • Get information about a function in python, looking at source code

    - by Werner
    Hi, the following code comes from the matplotlib gallery: #!/usr/bin/env python from pylab import * x = array([10, 8, 13, 9, 11, 14, 6, 4, 12, 7, 5]) y = array([8.04, 6.95, 7.58, 8.81, 8.33, 9.96, 7.24, 4.26, 10.84, 4.82, 5.68]) I am new to python, and would like to change the content of x and y from an input file. I have two short questions: I could guess what array means, but once I see it on the code, how can I know to which library it belongs and more information about it? Should I use some kind of python debug commands? How do I insert the content of my input file into x? Thanks

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  • When I overload the assignment operator for my simple class array, I get the wrong answer I espect

    - by user299648
    //output is "01234 00000" but the output should be or what I want it to be is // "01234 01234" because of the assignment overloaded operator #include <iostream> using namespace std; class IntArray { public: IntArray() : size(10), used(0) { a= new int[10]; } IntArray(int s) : size(s), used(0) { a= new int[s]; } int& operator[]( int index ); IntArray& operator =( const IntArray& rightside ); ~IntArray() { delete [] a; } private: int *a; int size; int used;//for array position }; int main() { IntArray copy; if( 2>1) { IntArray arr(5); for( int k=0; k<5; k++) arr[k]=k; copy = arr; for( int j=0; j<5; j++) cout<<arr[j]; } cout<<" "; for( int j=0; j<5; j++) cout<<copy[j]; return 0; } int& IntArray::operator[]( int index ) { if( index >= size ) cout<<"ilegal index in IntArray"<<endl; return a[index]; } IntArray& IntArray::operator =( const IntArray& rightside ) { if( size != rightside.size )//also checks if on both side same object { delete [] a; a= new int[rightside.size]; } size=rightside.size; used=rightside.used; for( int i = 0; i < used; i++ ) a[i]=rightside.a[i]; return *this; }

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  • How to rate a connect four game situation in java

    - by MrPink
    Hey, I am trying to write a simple AI for a "Get four" game. The basic game principles are done, so I can throw in coins of different color, and they stack on each other and fill a 2D Array and so on and so forth. until now this is what the method looks like: public int insert(int x, int color) //0 = empty, 1=player1 2=player2" X is the horizontal coordinate, as the y coordinate is determined by how many stones are in the array already, I think the idea is obvious. Now the problem is I have to rate specific game situations, so find how many new pairs, triplets and possible 4 in a row I can get in a specific situation to then give each situation a specific value. With these values I can setup a "Game tree" to then decide which move would be best next (later on implementing Alpha-Beta-Pruning). My current problem is that I can't think of an efficient way to implement a rating of the current game situation in a java method. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated! greetings from Germany Mr. Pink

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  • Execute a method less times possible - PHP

    - by serhio
    I have a site in multiple languages. I have a method that returns me the today currencies in a array. I display that currencies in a table then. // --- en/index.php <?php include_once "../exchangeRates.php"; $currencies = ReadExchangeRates(); // --- fr/index.php <?php include_once "../exchangeRates.php"; $currencies = ReadExchangeRates(); ... // somewhere in the page <td><?php echo $currencies["eur"]["today"]; ?></td> So, every time I load, en/ or fr/ or other language, I request the exchange rates from a external site. Can I optimize this behavior (reading once per day or session)? maybe to store a global variable and check the update date?

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  • Programming tutorials for people with zero experience

    - by www.aegisub.net
    A friend of mine is interested in learning how to program computers, but she knows nothing about programming. I suggested that Python might be a good language to start with, but after some googling, I couldn't find any tutorials that covered both programming and Python in an adequate way. I don't want her to go through the tiresome "learn algorithms in pseudocode first" routine. Instead, I'd like a tutorial that will explain the basic ideas while working towards a real goal, e.g. a very simple console game. Does anyone know of any such tutorials? Do you think that I'm mistaken in how I'm handling this? Is Python a bad choice? I know that something like C, C++ or Java won't work - too many details will be very counterproductive. On the other hand, I think that Lisp might be too mathematical and abstract. Python, on the other hand, will let her even do something like coding primitive graphical games in a short period of time.

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  • PHP 2d array question

    - by Neral
    Hello, So i have a 2 dimensional array that is used over several pages (session) $_SESSION ["Table"][$_SESSION ["count"]] [0] = $filename; $_SESSION ["Table"][$_SESSION ["count"]] [1] = $size; $_SESSION ["Table"][$_SESSION ["count"]] [2] = $floor; $_SESSION ["Table"][$_SESSION ["count"]] [3] = $phone; $_SESSION ["Table"][$_SESSION ["count"]] [4] = $network; $_SESSION ["Table"][$_SESSION ["count"]] [5] = $totalprice; This is used with a form so i can give in multiple input wich gets stored. But my question is how exactly can i calculate the AVERAGE of $total price of all given in results? Meaning for example i have 5 rows so this would mean 5 total prices. How exactly can i acces this value and count everything up / 5? This will happen in a other page so i would like to use sessions for this. /5 simply by count($_Session["table"]) , but really not sure about the other values. Kind Regards.

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  • Books on Debugging Techniques?

    - by zooropa
    Are there any books on debugging techniques? A friend of mine is learning to code and he asked me this question. I told him I don't know of any. Is it that you just have to go through the School of Hard Knocks to learn?

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  • C++: calling member functions within constructor?

    - by powerboy
    The following code raises a runtime error: #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <ext/slist> class IntList : public __gnu_cxx::slist<int> { public: typedef IntList::iterator iterator; IntList() { tail_ = begin(); } // seems that there is a problem here void append(const int node) { tail_ = insert_after(tail_, node); } private: iterator tail_; }; int main() { IntList list; list.append(1); list.append(2); list.append(3); for (IntList::iterator i = list.begin(); i != list.end(); ++i) { std::cout << *i << " "; } return 0; } Seems that the problem is in the constructor IntList(). Is it because it calls the member function begin()?

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  • Codeigniter: Pass data to library funciton

    - by Kevin Brown
    I need my function to do one of two things based on the method variable, but I don't know how to get it done... My controller: function survey($method) { $id = $this->session->userdata('id'); $data['member'] = $this->home_model->getUser($id); $data['header'] = "Home"; $this->survey_form_processing->survey_form($this->_container,$data); } Library function: function survey_form($container,$method) { if($method == 1){ $this->CI->load->view($container,$data); } if($method == 2){ Do stuff... }

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