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• Linux server: Dropped packets

  - by Lars

  I see dropped packets using ifconfig on my eth0 interface: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:17:0d:03:ca inet addr:10.0.1.2 Bcast:10.0.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:9000 Metric:1 RX packets:30268348 errors:0 dropped:70721 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:133076885 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:8699434077 (8.6 GB) TX bytes:194937313025 (194.9 GB) Interrupt:16 Memory:feae0000-feb00000 When i use ethtool -S i dont see anything wrong: NIC statistics: rx_packets: 30267138 tx_packets: 133074510 rx_bytes: 8699356158 tx_bytes: 194934147340 rx_broadcast: 35296 tx_broadcast: 5435 rx_multicast: 0 tx_multicast: 0 rx_errors: 0 tx_errors: 0 tx_dropped: 0 multicast: 0 collisions: 0 rx_length_errors: 0 rx_over_errors: 0 rx_crc_errors: 0 rx_frame_errors: 0 rx_no_buffer_count: 0 rx_missed_errors: 0 tx_aborted_errors: 0 tx_carrier_errors: 0 tx_fifo_errors: 0 tx_heartbeat_errors: 0 tx_window_errors: 0 tx_abort_late_coll: 0 tx_deferred_ok: 0 tx_single_coll_ok: 0 tx_multi_coll_ok: 0 tx_timeout_count: 0 tx_restart_queue: 0 rx_long_length_errors: 0 rx_short_length_errors: 0 rx_align_errors: 0 tx_tcp_seg_good: 5757001 tx_tcp_seg_failed: 0 rx_flow_control_xon: 8649 rx_flow_control_xoff: 62072 tx_flow_control_xon: 0 tx_flow_control_xoff: 0 rx_long_byte_count: 8699356158 rx_csum_offload_good: 30212111 rx_csum_offload_errors: 0 rx_header_split: 10857552 alloc_rx_buff_failed: 0 tx_smbus: 0 rx_smbus: 0 dropped_smbus: 0 rx_dma_failed: 0 tx_dma_failed: 0 I am running Ubuntu 12.04 with kernel 3.2.0-30-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP I have pinged every device on my internal network for about 24 hours, without packet loss. Also checked my router and my interface to the WAN, also no errors there. Does anyone have any clue?

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• virtualized windows 2003 domain with CentOS 5.3 and poor connectivity

  - by Chris Gow

  Hi: I have a test lab set up running a virtualized windows 2003 domain on a CentOS 5.3(xen) host and am experiencing connectivity problems with guests running on other hosts that are part of the same domain. Here's the setup: On Computer A I have CentOS 5.3 running as the host and have virtualized windows 2003 servers for a primary domain controller, a backup domain controller and an exchange server. The primary domain controller also acts as a WINS and dns server. The windows domain appears on a separate subnet from my company's corporate network. Connectivity to any of the virtualized guests on Computer A is fine (remote desktop, ping, what have you). I have another host computer (Computer B) that also has a virtualized Windows 2003 server guest that is part of the same domain. However, connectivity to that guest is flaky at best. I continuously get at least 60% packet loss when I try to ping the guest, and due to that flakiness I can not access any of the services that it runs (remote desktop, web). Now here's the interesting part. It seems to affect only machines running on a different computer than the domain controller that are in the same domain. On Computer B there is another Windows 2003 guest that is not part of the test domain and is on my corporate network. There's no connectivity issues with that guest machine. The problem does not seem to be specific to Computer B either. I created a test VM on my local computer within the test domain and it exhibits the same behaviour as the guest in Computer B. A couple of items to note: - Host OS on both Computer A and B are the same CentOS 5.3 64 bit - Guest OS is Windows 2003 64 bit and 32 bit (the guest on Computer B is 32 bit) - Guest OSes are all up to date (as of Monday) - Host OS on Computer A was upgraded from CentOS 5.2 to 5.3 Update: Sorry I did not follow up with the comments from below. Computer A and B have been moved to their own dedicated switch and the problem has gone away. I'm not sure what the underlying problem(s) were though

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• Looking for a small, portable, port-mirroring ethernet switch.

  - by user37244

  I recently had a mac go haywire, taking half a minute or more to get www.google.com loaded. Getting its owner to give up the machine for repair was like pulling teeth - they were insisting that it must be something to do with the network, since so much had changed with the local configuration at about the same time their box went haywire. I eventually set up a port mirror to a box that I could remote to so I could show that the mac was only irregularly getting packets onto the network. Demonstrating this faced an additional challenge: the latency of the remote desktop software I was using meant that I had to point to timestamps instead of just the moment the packet flashed up on the screen as my evidence. This particular user was the reason this was so challenging this time around, but I would like to have a box that I can cart from desk to desk to use wireshark on my laptop at any station where I need it. 3com, cisco, netgear, etc. (ad nauseum), all make switches that can be configured for port mirroring, but in my case, the smaller, the better. For the sake of my sanity, I'll probably end up running it off a battery anyway. If my laptop had two ethernet ports, this would be easy. So, whaddya recommand for a device that requires 0 configuration at each powerup (though I'm fine with poking at it for a while to set it up initially.) Small, light, and cheap enough to get it past purchasing? Thanks,

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• Packets being dropped by iptables

  - by Shadyabhi

  I am trying to create a Software Access Point in linux. I followed the blog here. Steps I performed: Started dhcp server on wlan0. Properly configured hostapd.conf Enabled packet forwarding & masquerading. Two commands executed regarding iptables: iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface wlan0 -j ACCEPT I enabled logging on iptables & I get this in everything.log Jun 29 19:42:03 MBP-archlinux kernel: [10480.180356] IN=eth0 OUT=wlan0 MAC=c8:bc:c8:9b:c4:3c:00:13:80:40:cd:80:08:00 SRC=195.143.92.150 DST=10.0.0.3 LEN=44 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=52 ID=38025 PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=53570 WINDOW=46185 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Jun 29 19:42:03 MBP-archlinux kernel: [10480.389102] IN=eth0 OUT=wlan0 MAC=c8:bc:c8:9b:c4:3c:00:13:80:40:cd:80:08:00 SRC=195.143.92.150 DST=10.0.0.3 LEN=308 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=52 ID=14732 PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=53570 WINDOW=46185 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Jun 29 19:42:03 MBP-archlinux kernel: [10480.389710] IN=eth0 OUT=wlan0 MAC=c8:bc:c8:9b:c4:3c:00:13:80:40:cd:80:08:00 SRC=195.143.92.150 DST=10.0.0.3 LEN=44 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=52 ID=14988 PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=53570 WINDOW=46185 RES=0x00 ACK FIN URGP=0 Jun 29 19:42:03 MBP-archlinux kernel: [10480.621118] IN=eth0 OUT=wlan0 MAC=c8:bc:c8:9b:c4:3c:00:13:80:40:cd:80:08:00 SRC=195.143.92.150 DST=10.0.0.3 LEN=44 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=52 ID=63378 PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=53570 WINDOW=46185 RES=0x00 ACK FIN URGP=0 I have almost no knowledge of iptables, all I did was through googling. So, can anyone help me in making me understand what wrong is happening here? I have tried running tcpdump on wlan0 & http packets are being sent from wlan0.

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• CentOS 6.3 Virtual under OpenVZ cannot ping, host lookups, outbound connections while postfix running

  - by Paul Cravey

  My best theory is that some kernel limit is being hit preventing outbound connections. We have tried basically everything from tcpdumps to provisioning an entirely new virtual server (we do not have this problem on any other virtuals), however the problem somehow carried over, even with new postfix build (working). Emails work, and outbound connections work, so long as postfix does not have too much going on. /proc/user_beancounters shows no limits being hit (show below). Nevertheless, pings fail even to IP addresses. TCP stack appears healthy. Load is low. No iowait. Flushed iptables already. Has anyone experienced anything like this? uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 3: kmemsize 166216365 170262528 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 lockedpages 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 privvmpages 285727 351885 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 shmpages 16933 17605 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numproc 150 303 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 physpages 314156 326191 0 1280000 0 vmguarpages 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 oomguarpages 165355 165355 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numtcpsock 89 172 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numflock 22 76 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numpty 1 2 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numsiginfo 0 75 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcpsndbuf 2733472 4371752 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcprcvbuf 1798336 5427296 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 othersockbuf 491120 1000760 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 238728 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numothersock 361 505 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dcachesize 135941831 136114679 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numfile 2905 4990 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numiptent 8 9 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 [root@bni /]# ping 4.2.2.1 PING 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 4.2.2.1 ping statistics --- 9 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 8493ms [root@bni /]# service postfix stop [root@bni /]# ping 4.2.2.1 PING 4.2.2.1 (4.2.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=8.63 ms 64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=8.62 ms 64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=8.63 ms 64 bytes from 4.2.2.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=8.66 ms Outbound connections of all sorts fail when postfix is running.

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• iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

  - by dacrow

  I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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• linux routing issue

  - by Duc To

  Hi! I have 2 linksys routers which has linux running on it and using tomato firmware.. both has internet lines plugged on but only 1 acts as DHCP server (router 1) What I am having to achieve is that all packets goes to router 1 from internal IPs want to access internet will go out to that internet line but from 1 specific port, if router 1 detects packets from a specific source port (for ex: http port: 80), it will redirect that packet to router 2 and goes out to the internet from there.. I have found some documents which give solution that I will need a linux servers with 2 ethernet cards and then we plug both internet lines on that server and routing base on it but I do not want to do that because my boss does not want to have an extra work mantaining that server, besides, he says that the router itself already a linux one so why.. I tend to agree his points.. Can it be done or a seperate linux server acting as a router is a must? Thank you all in advance and really look forward in your replies.. I am newbie to linux network and it seems to be something out of my capacity to solve :( Your sincerely! Duc To

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• IIS not responding with SSL Server Hello

  - by Damien_The_Unbeliever

  I'm having difficulty getting a particular IIS machine to "do" SSL. This is a test environment (one of many) which we've set up "the same" as we have many times previously, but it just doesn't seem to be working. The server is Windows Server 2003 (Version 5.2 (Build 3790.srv03_sp2_gdr.100216-1301 : Service Pack 2)) IIS is hosting 4 sites (including the default site), but only one site is configured for SSL. We're using the same SSL certificate we use on all of our other servers (it's a wildcard cert). (Don't think this is relevant, but including anyway) We've configured the site to require SSL, it has a subdirectory that doesn't require SSL but has an asp page that redirects into SSL. The 403;4 error page for the site is hooked up to this asp page (this is how we do our non-HTTPS into HTTPS transition). Using Microsoft Network Monitor (3.3), I've just run a session against a server where SSL is working. It can pull apart the SSL exchange as the following messages: SSL: Client Hello SSL: Server Hello. Certificate. Server Hello Done SSL: Client Key Exchange. Change Cipher Spec. Encrypted Handshake Message. SSL: Change Cipher Spec. Encrypted Handshake Message However, on our problem server, I only see: SSL: Client Hello. The next packet from the server (from port 443, so it's listening and responding there) contains only 60 bytes, and just seems to have the Tcp headers and not much else (but I'm by no means an expert at deciphering these things). So, where do I look next? Or what additional information do I need to add to this question, and where do I find it?

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• Network Security Device/Software

  - by Campo

  We currently run Symantec Antivirus Corporate 10.2. The software is really easy to manage on a network but the actual virus detection isn't bad but the malware detection is crap. We recently were infected with a email bot that got us put on some block lists. This has been resolved. I cannot have that happen again. I would like to find a program as easy to manage as symantec that I can install on all the user's workstations as well as the servers. We run a windows 2003 domain. We have a couple 2008 test servers in the environment. Most of the workstations are xp though I am using windows 7 and symantect is not compatible with this OS... So we need a solution that would cover all those operating systems. If it could be installed on macs too that would be a bonus though not necessary at all. This software must detect: Viruses AND Malware I am looking for something that combines the features in anti-malware programs like malwarebytes or spybot with an antivirus program like symantec or AVG. Alternatively if there is a piece of hardware that is a firewall, router, and packet inspection for virus/spam that would be the most ideal solution. I then could supplement with a piece of software that could pickup what the hardware misses. Thank you for your suggestions.

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• Routing / binding 128 IPs to one server

  - by Andrew

  I have a Ubuntu server with 128 ip's (static external ips 86.xx.xx.16), and I want to crawl pages thru different ip's. The gateway is xx.xxx.xxx.1, the main ip is xx.xxx.xxx.16, and the other 128 ip's are xx.xxx.xxx.129/255. I tried this configuration in /etc/network/interfaces but I doesn't work. It work if I remove the gateway for the aliases eth0:0 and eth0:1. I think this is routing problem. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 auto eth0:0 auto eth0:1 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.16 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.129 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:1 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.130 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 Also, please tell me how to "reset" every changes that I made in networking and routing. Update: I removed the gateway and now it works. I can reach the website thru all 128 ip's. But when I try to bind a socket connection in php to a specific ip I get no answer. socket_bind($sock, "xx.xxx.xx.xxx"); socket_connect($sock, 'google.com', 80); I tryed to use a sniffer to see the packets, and I see the packet sent from binded ip to google.com but the "connection" can't be established. I don't know anything about "route" command, but I have a feeling that this is the solution.

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• Can't get DNS Alias work on Ubuntu 10.04 with Apache 2

  - by Johnny

  I want to use the DNS Alias to configure one of my domain pointing to a specific directory on the server. Here is what I've done: Change the IP address in domain setting, and it works $ ping www.example.com PING example.com (124.205.62.xxx): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 124.205.62.xxx: icmp_seq=0 ttl=48 time=53.088 ms 64 bytes from 124.205.62.xxx: icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=52.125 ms ^C --- example.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 52.125/52.606/53.088/0.482 ms Add sites-available and sites-enabled $ ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-available/ total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 948 2010-04-14 03:27 default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7467 2010-04-14 03:27 default-ssl -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 365 2010-06-09 18:27 example.com $ ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 2010-06-09 15:46 000-default -> ../sites-available/default lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2010-06-09 18:17 001-example.com -> ../sites-available/example.com But it doesn't work and when I open the browser for www.example.com, it shows an 111 error: The following error was encountered: Connection to 124.205.62.48 Failed The system returned: (111) Connection refused Here is how example.com's config: $ cat /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/001-example.com <virtualhost *:80> DocumentRoot "/vhosts/example.com/htdocs/" ServerName www.example.com ServerAlias example.com <Location /> Order Deny,Allow Deny from None Allow from all </Location> #Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf ErrorLog /vhosts/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /vhosts/example.com/logs/access.log combined Could you please tell me how to solve this?

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• Looking for a real DisplayPort hub/splitter

  - by squircle

  In my search for a new display, I came across the Dell Multi-Monitor Hub MMH11, which seemed to be an alternative to my search for daisy-chainable DisplayPort displays. However, before I cave and spend $179 on this device, I am wondering if this will be similar to other splitting devices where it appears to the computer as one big monitor and the device does the splitting (which I don't want). Or, does this use the packet-based nature of DisplayPort to present two/three separate displays to the computer? Also, would this device work on my MacBook Pro? (I know the Dell site says it's for Windows, but it also says that no driver installation is required. I'd assume since the MBP supports DP 1.2 it would work, but it's better to ask). Thanks! Edit: I've checked out the similar-looking Cirago DisplayPort splitter, but I have extreme doubts as to whether or not it's a genuine displayport splitter, or just another monitor-conglomerate. Their DVI solution looks identical to Dell's, which I'm pretty sure won't do what I want. I also don't want to order this DisplayPort "hub" and find that it doesn't do what I want it to.

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• Port knocking via SSH tunnels

  - by j0ker

  I have a server running in my university's internal network. There is only one SSH daemon running which is secured by port knocking with knockd. Works fine if I try to connect from within the internal network. But since the server has no external IP, I have to tunnel into the internal network every time I want to access the server from outside. And since tunneling only works for a single port I cannot do the port knocking as easily as from an internal client. In fact, I don't get it to work at all. What I'm trying is opening tunnels for all the different ports that have to be knocked. Then I send TCP-SYN packets into the tunnels. But that doesn't work even for a single port. If I establish the tunnel on the first port in the knock sequence and send a packet through it, it doesn't reach the server. There is no entry in the log file of knockd, while there should be something like 123.45.67.89: openSSH: Stage 1 (as shown with internal knocks). So I guess, the problem doesn't exist within my knocking script but is a more general one. Are there any known problems with what I'm trying to do? Is it even possible or am I missing something? Thanks in advance!

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• Windows 8 using as a webserver

  - by Jason

  I have a few hobby websites that I currently host on CentOS 6. Apache, mail serving, PHP, MySQL nothing special. In the past I used Windows XP to do this same task, for years, and I was OK. I switched to Linux and for the last few years it has been such a pain. updates break, certain apps only support certain distros without compiling from source. It prevents me from working on my hobby sites more because I am always fixing something. With Windows I locked it down, I run a hardware firewall and packet analyser, kept up on updates and A/V and never had a problem. I dont allow RDC from outside the local LAN, no FTP open, run OpenSSH on an obscure port.. I am considering switching to Windows 8 (since it is a cheaper license now that Windows 7) and running apache, HMailServer, PHP, MySQL, just like my CentOS install. My questions: I am not familiar with Windows 8, can the above be done like XP? No new security restrictions or the OS preventing this from happening? The machine is a Athlon 64-bit X2 with 32GB of RAM. Will Windows 8 see all of the RAM? Technically the machine came with Windows 7, and there is a serial number on it but I am sure I wiped away the Windows 7 recovery partition when I switched to Linux....

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• Hyper-V with multiple physical networks

  - by Yaman

  I have Hyper-V on my laptop with a wireless and Ethernet card, sometimes I connect using wireless card, and sometimes using the Ethernet cable. I am trying to configure Hyper-v to work always with internet provided to virtual machine. I have tried to create 2 virtual switches, one external to the Wireless network card, and the other one external to the Ethernet card. What happens is that the wireless network creates a bridge object in the network and sharing center\Network connections of windows 8, while the Ethernet does not. Unfortunately, they do not work together as external, i have to set the connected one to external and the other one as external, I also have to go to the properties of the bridge and virtual Ethernet properties to uncheck and check some components like: Client for Microsoft Networks Deterministic Network Enhancer VMWare Bridge Protocol QoS Packet Scheduler File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks In order to make things work. Sometimes I keep the wireless network switch external, and go to another location (another wireless network), and it disconnects, i have to reconfigure the switches. Is there a way to do the configuration once and remain working wherever I connect, whether its Wireless or Ethernet and on any network with DHCP?

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• Requests are making it to my app server, but not into node.js -- why?

  - by Zane Claes

  I detailed in this question on StackOverflow how some random requests are not making it from the client to my Node.js app server, resulting in a gateway timeout. In summary, identical requests are, at random, not even making it far enough to trigger a console.log() in my first line of express middleware. I need to narrow down the problem, though, to find out WHERE the traffic is being lost and it was suggested that I try a packet sniffer on my app servers. Here's my setup: 2x Load Balancers (m1.larges) 2x node.js servers (also m1.large) Here's what's interesting/unusual: the node.js servers started as PHP servers with an Apache stack and continue to serve PHP files for my domain (streamified.me). However, I use a little httpd.conf magic on the app servers so that requests to api.streamified.me get routed over port 8888 to the node.js server: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^api.streamified.me RewriteRule ^(.*) http://localhost:8888$1 [P] So, the request hits the load balancer = goes to an app server = gets routed to port 8888 if it's intended for the API = gets handled by node.js So, in the same httpd.conf file, I turned on RewriteLogLevel 5 and then created a simple PHP+CURL script on my localhost to hit my api.streamified.me with a random URL (which should cause node.js to trigger a simple "not found" response) until it resulted in a Gateway timeout. Here, you can see that it has happened -- and the rewrite log shows that the request was definitely received by the app server and forwarded to port 8888... but it was never received by node.js (or, at least, the first line of code in the first line of middleware never gets it...) Image Link: http://i.stack.imgur.com/3OQxS.png

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• Configure static IPv6 on Ubuntu

  - by Charles Offenbacher

  I'm trying to configure IPv6 on a dedicated Ubuntu server. My provider gave me a "/64" (whatever that is - I'm still confused) of IPv6 addresses. However, when I try to use them, I can't ping anything. What do I do? :( # ping6 ipv6.google.com PING ipv6.google.com(vx-in-x63.1e100.net) 56 data bytes From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=1 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=2 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=3 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable --- ipv6.google.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2014ms # tracepath6 ipv6.google.com 1?: [LOCALHOST] 0.025ms pmtu 1500 1: fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8%eth0 2000.022ms !H Resume: pmtu 1500 # cat /etc/network/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 64.***.***.*** netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 64.***.***.*** iface eth0 inet6 static pre-up modprobe ipv6 address 2607:F878:1:***::1 netmask 64 gateway 2607:F878:1:***(same as address)::1 # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:d1:fb:42:d8 inet addr:64.***.***.*** Bcast:64.***.***.*** Mask:255.255.255.248 inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8/64 Scope:Link inet6 addr: 2607:f878:1:***::1/64 Scope:Global UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:52451 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:39729 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6817761 (6.8 MB) TX bytes:6153835 (6.1 MB) Interrupt:41 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:31714 (31.7 KB) TX bytes:31714 (31.7 KB)

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• tc u32 --- how to match L2 protocols in recent kernels?

  - by brownian

  I have a nice shaper, with hashed filtering, built at a linux bridge. In short, br0 connects external and internal physical interfaces, VLAN tagged packets are bridged "transparently" (I mean, no VLAN interfaces are there). Now, different kernels do it differently. I can be wrong with exact kernel verions ranges, please forgive me. Thanks. 2.6.26 So, in debian, 2.6.26 and up (up to 2.6.32, I believe) --- this works: tc filter add dev internal protocol 802.1q parent 1:0 prio 100 \ u32 ht 1:64 match ip dst 192.168.1.100 flowid 1:200 Here, "kernel" matches two bytes in "protocol" field with 0x8100, but counts the beginning of ip packet as a "zero position" (sorry for my English, if I'm a bit unclear). 2.6.32 Again, in debian (I've not built vanilla kernel), 2.6.32-5 --- this works: tc filter add dev internal protocol 802.1q parent 1:0 prio 100 \ u32 ht 1:64 match ip dst 192.168.1.100 at 20 flowid 1:200 Here, "kernel" matches the same for protocol, but counts offset from the beginning of this protocol's header --- I have to add 4 bytes to offset (20, not 16 for dst address). It's ok, seems more logical, as for me. 3.2.11, the latest stable now This works --- as if there is no 802.1q tag at all: tc filter add dev internal protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 100 \ u32 ht 1:64 match ip dst 192.168.1.100 flowid 1:200 The problem is that I couldn't find a way to match 802.1q tag so far. Matching 802.1q tag at past I could do this before as follows: tc filter add dev internal protocol 802.1q parent 1:0 prio 100 \ u32 match u16 0x0ed8 0x0fff at -4 flowid 1:300 Now I'm unable to match 802.1q tag with at 0, at -2, at -4, at -6 or like that. The main issue that I have zero hits count --- this filter is not being checked at all, "wrong protocol", in other words. Please, anyone, help me :-) Thanks!

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• ping incorrectly pinging 127.0.0.1

  - by AlexW

  I've got an odd DNS issue. I'm running a dual ipv4/ipv6 environment on Linux. Pinging some sites results in ping pinging 127.0.0.1. e.g. #> ping authserver.mojang.com PING authserver.mojang.com (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms 64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms 64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms --- authserver.mojang.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.043/0.048/0.058/0.010 ms Dig, however correctly returns the following: # dig authserver.mojang.com ; <<>> DiG 9.9.3-P2 <<>> authserver.mojang.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15800 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;authserver.mojang.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: authserver.mojang.com. 5 IN A 54.235.119.47 ;; Query time: 14 msec ;; SERVER: 2001:4860:4860::8888#53(2001:4860:4860::8888) ;; WHEN: Sat Nov 09 15:34:40 GMT 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 66 I'm confused! My web browser returns the correct website, and the same computer booted into Windows also works correctly.

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• Steps to deploy a custom routing protocol

  - by user134589

  I'm a Ph.D Student and I'm researching a Service Centric Networking architecture with resourceallocation on a large scale. What I'm looking to do is expand an existing routing protocol like OSPF with extra fields and some new message types that I need for communication between Nodes. I want to manipulate the cost of a network link and I want paths to be calculated like in OSPF V2/v3, but using the cost that my algorithms have calculated. What I have I have the source code of OSPF from Quagga. I am assuming I can edit this code how I want, including packet structures and creating new types. Yes, I am aware it won't be easy but this is a 6 years research project and I am eager to develop something new, to move forward. What I need I would like to know how I can deploy the edited OSPF source files I have (written in C) on any type of server. I have a large testbed environment available with hundreds of virtual nodes and pretty much any OS out there. So if I want to test my extended protocol, how do I make all the nodes in a network use this to communicate? I do not understand what parts of the kernel I need to edit here. I tried searching for days now and I am unable to find how to deploy a non-existing routing protocol, without the use of an application-level framework. If somebody could push me in the right direction that'd be awesome. note: I need this to be a routingprotocol and not an application, since I want this to work on op of the network layer for performance reasons. Thanks!

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• Bandwidth monitoring with iptables for non-router machine

  - by user1591276

  I came across this tutorial here that describes how to monitor bandwidth using iptables. I wanted to adapt it for a non-router machine, so I want to know how much data is going in/coming out and not passing through. Here are the rules I added: iptables -N ETH0_IN iptables -N ETH0_OUT iptables -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ETH0_IN iptables -I OUTPUT -o eth0 -j ETH0_OUT And here is a sample of the output: user@host:/tmp$ sudo iptables -x -vL -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 1549 packets, 225723 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 199 54168 ETH0_IN all -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1417 packets, 178128 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 201 19597 ETH0_OUT all -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain ETH0_IN (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain ETH0_OUT (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination As seen above, there are no packet and byte values for ETH0_IN and ETH0_OUT, which is not the same result in the tutorial I referenced. Is there a mistake that I made somewhere? Thanks for your time.

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• Xen virtual host can reach some sites but not others

  - by Tun H S Lee

  Okay, this is killing me. Debian Squeeze, Xen 4.0, brand new install. No iptables rules whatsoever except for the ones added by the default xen bridge script. Dom0 can reach the entire world, no problems. DomU can receive packets from some hosts, but not from others. For instance, if I ping Host A, it works fine. If I ping Host B, the DomU reports 100% packet loss. The hosts are random, but consistent (even after reboots). I can see no pattern to why some work and others don't. In fact, in some cases, different virtual hosts on the same server (an other server at a different data center) are divided; some work and others do not. I can reboot (DomU or Dom0 too) and the same hosts will work or fail as before. If I tcpdump on the Host B while pinging from the DomU, everything looks fine. It sees the echo request coming in and says it's sending one back. However, if I tcpdump peth0 on the Dom0, it never sees the echo reply. Any ideas what could be happening? I'm tearing my hair out here.

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• Windows Server 2003 IPSec Tunnel Connected, But Not Working (Possibly NAT/RRAS Related)

  - by Kevinoid

  Configuration I have setup a "raw" IPSec tunnel between a Windows Server 2003 (SBS) machine and a Netgear FVG318 according to the instructions in Microsoft KB816514. The configuration is as follows (using the same conventions as the article): NetA | SBS2003 | FVG318 | NetB 10.0.0.0/24 | 216.x.x.x | 69.y.y.y | 10.0.254.0/24 Both the Main Mode and Quick Mode Security Associations are successfully completed and appear in the IP Security Monitor. I am also able to ping the SBS2003 server on its private address from any computer on NetB. The Problem Any traffic sent from a computer on NetA to NetB, or from SBS2003 to NetB (excluding ICMP Ping responses), is sent out on the public network interface outside the IPSec tunnel (no encryption or header authentication, as if the tunnel were not there). Pings sent from a computer on NetB to a computer on NetA successfully reach computers on NetA, but the responses are silently discarded by SBS2003 (they do not go out in the clear and do not generate any encrypted traffic). Possible Solutions Incorrect Configuration I could have mistyped something, somewhere, or KB816514 could be incorrect in some way. I have tried very hard to eliminate the first option. Have re-created the configuration several times, tried tweaking and adjusting all the settings I could without success (most prevent the SA from being established). NAT/RRAS I have seen multiple posts elsewhere suggesting that this could be due to interaction between NAT and the IPSec filters. Possibly the NetA private addresses get rewritten to 216.x.x.x before being compared with the Quick Mode IPSec filters and don't get tunneled because of the mismatch. In fact, The Cable Guy article from June 2005 "TCP/IP Packet Processing Paths" suggests that this is the case, (see step 2 and 4 of the Transit Traffic path). If this is the case, is there a way to exclude NetA-NetB traffic from NAT? Any thoughts, ideas, suggestions, and/or comments are appreciated.

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• virtualized windows 2003 domain with CentOS 5.3 and poor connectivity

  - by Chris Gow

  I have a test lab set up running a virtualized windows 2003 domain on a CentOS 5.3(xen) host and am experiencing connectivity problems with guests running on other hosts that are part of the same domain. Here's the setup: On Computer A I have CentOS 5.3 running as the host and have virtualized windows 2003 servers for a primary domain controller, a backup domain controller and an exchange server. The primary domain controller also acts as a WINS and dns server. The windows domain appears on a separate subnet from my company's corporate network. Connectivity to any of the virtualized guests on Computer A is fine (remote desktop, ping, what have you). I have another host computer (Computer B) that also has a virtualized Windows 2003 server guest that is part of the same domain. However, connectivity to that guest is flaky at best. I continuously get at least 60% packet loss when I try to ping the guest, and due to that flakiness I can not access any of the services that it runs (remote desktop, web). Now here's the interesting part. It seems to affect only machines running on a different computer than the domain controller that are in the same domain. On Computer B there is another Windows 2003 guest that is not part of the test domain and is on my corporate network. There's no connectivity issues with that guest machine. The problem does not seem to be specific to Computer B either. I created a test VM on my local computer within the test domain and it exhibits the same behaviour as the guest in Computer B. A couple of items to note: - Host OS on both Computer A and B are the same CentOS 5.3 64 bit - Guest OS is Windows 2003 64 bit and 32 bit (the guest on Computer B is 32 bit) - Guest OSes are all up to date (as of Monday) - Host OS on Computer A was upgraded from CentOS 5.2 to 5.3 Update: Sorry I did not follow up with the comments from below. Computer A and B have been moved to their own dedicated switch and the problem has gone away. I'm not sure what the underlying problem(s) were though

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• VMWare use of Gratuitous ARP REPLY

  - by trs80

  I have an ESXi cluster that hosts several Windows Server VMs and around 30 Windows workstation VMs. Packet captures show a high number of ARP replies of the form: -sender_ip: VM IP -sender_mac: VM virtual MAC -target_ip: 0.0.0.0 -target_mac: Switch interface MAC The specific addresses aren't really a concern -- they're all legitimate and we're not having any problems with communications (most of the questions surrounding GARP and VMWare have to do with ping issues, a problem we don't have). I'm looking for an explanation of the traffic pattern in an environment that functions as expected. So the question is why would I see a high number of unsolicited ARP replies? Is this a mechanism VMWare uses for some purpose? What is it? Is there an alternative? EDIT: Quick diagram: [esxi]--[switch vlan]--[inline IDS]--[fw]--(rest of network) The IDS is complaining about these unsolicited ARPs. Several IDS vendors trigger on ARP replies without a prior request, or for ARP replies that have a target IP of 0.0.0.0. The target MAC in these replies is the VLAN interface on the switch. Capture points: -The IDS grabs the offending packets -The FW can see the same ones -A VM on the ESXi host does not see these, although there is an ARP request for a specific IP on the ESXi host that has source_ip=0.0.0.0 and source_mac=[switch vlan interface]. I can't share the captures, unfortunately. Really I'm interested in finding out if this is normal for an ESXi deployment.

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