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• What do you expect from a package manager for Emacs

  - by tarsius

  Although several hundred Emacs Lisp libraries exist GNU Emacs does not have an (internal) package manager. I guess that most users would agree that it is currently rather inconvenient to find, install and especially keep up-to-date Emacs Lisp libraries. These pages make life a bit easier Emacs Lisp List - Problem: I see dead people (links). Emacswiki - Problem: May contain traces of nuts (malicious code). These are some package managers XEmacs package manager package.el - ELPA pases install.el install-elisp.el plugin.el use-package.el jem-pkg.el epkg/elm - the one I am working. And this are some packages that provide functionality that might be useful in a package manager ell.el - Browse the Emacs Lisp List genauto.el - helps generate autoloads for your elisp packages date-calc.el - date calculation and parsing routines strptime.el - partial implementation of POSIX date and time parsing wikirel.el - Visit relevant pages on the Emacs Wiki loadhist.el, lib-requires.el, elisp-depend.el - Commands to list Emacs Lisp library dependencies. project-root.el - Define a project root and take actions based upon it So I would like to know from you what you consider important/unimportant/supplementary... in a package manager for Emacs. Some ideas Many packages (incorporate the Emacs Lisp List and other lists of libraries). Only packages that have been tested. Support for more than one package archive (so people can choose between many/tested packages). Dependency calculated based on required features only. Dependencies take particular versions into account. Only use versions that have been released upstream. Use versions from version control systems if available. Packages are categorized. Packages can be uninstalled and updated not only installed. Support creating fork of upstream version of packages. Support publishing these forks. Support choosing a fork. After installation packages are activated. Generate autoloads. Integration with Emacswiki (see wikirel.el). Users can tag, comment ... packages and share that information. Only FSF-assigned/GPL/FOSS software or don't care about license. Package manager should be integrated in Emacs. Support contacting author. Lots of metadata. Suggest alternatives before installing a particular package. Some discussions about the subject at hand emacs-devel 20080801 comp.emacs 20021121 RationalElispPackaging I am hoping for these kinds of answers Pointers to more implementations, discussions etc. Lengthy descriptions of a set of features that make up your ideal package manager. Descriptions of one particular disired/undisired feature. This has the advantage that the regular voting mechanism allows us to see what features are most welcomed. Feel free to elaborate on my ideas from above. Surprise me.

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• Web Safe Area (optimal resolution) for web app design

  - by M.A.X

  I'm in the process of designing a new web app and I'm wondering for what 'web safe area' should I optimize the app layout and design. I did some investigation and thinking on my own but wanted to share this to see what the general opinion is. Here is what I found: Optimal Display Resolution: w3schools web stats seems to be the most referenced source (however they state that these are results from their site and is biased towards tech savvy users) http://www.w3counter.com/globalstats.php (aggregate data from something like 15,000 different sites that use their tracking services) StatCounter Global Stats Display Resolution (Stats are based on aggregate data collected by StatCounter on a sample exceeding 15 billion pageviews per month collected from across the StatCounter network of more than 3 million websites) NetMarketShare Screen Resolutions (marketshare.hitslink.com) (a web analytics consulting firm, they get data from browsers of site visitors to their on-demand network of live stats customers. The data is compiled from approximately 160 million visitors per month) Display Resolution Summary: There is a bit of variation between the above sources but in general as of Jan 2011 looks like 1024x768 is about 20%, while ~85% have a higher resolution of at least 1280x768 (1280x800 is the most common of these with 15-20% of total web, depending on the source; 1280x1024 and 1366x768 follow behind with 9-14% of the share). My guess would be that the higher resolution values will be even more common if we filter on North America, and even higher if we filter on N.American corporate users (unfortunately I couldn't find any free geographically filtered statistics). Another point to note is that the 1024x768 desktop user population is likely lower than the aforementioned 20%, seeing as the iPad (1024x768 native display) is likely propping up those number. My recommendation would be to optimize around the 1280x768 constraint (*note: 1280x768 is actually a relatively rare resolution, but I think it's a valid constraint range considering that 1366x768 is relatively common and 1280 is the most common horizontal resolution). Browser + OS Constraints: To further add to the constraints we have to subtract the space taken up by the browser (assuming IE, which is the most space consuming) and the OS (assuming WinXP-Win7): Win7 has the biggest taskbar footprint at a height of 40px (XP's and Vista's is 30px) The default IE8 view uses up 25px at the bottom of the screen with the status bar and a further 120px at the top of the screen with the windows title bar and the browser UI (assuming the default 'favorites' toolbar is present, it would instead be 91px without the favorites toolbar). Assuming no scrollbar, we also loose a total of 4px horizontally for the window outline. This means that we are left with 583px of vertical space and 1276px of horizontal. In other words, a Web Safe Area of 1276 x 583 Is this a correct line of thinking? I tried to Google some design best practices but most still talk about designing around 1024x768 which seems to be quickly disappearing. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated! Thanks.

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• Moving from Linear Probing to Quadratic Probing (hash collisons)

  - by Nazgulled

  Hi, My current implementation of an Hash Table is using Linear Probing and now I want to move to Quadratic Probing (and later to chaining and maybe double hashing too). I've read a few articles, tutorials, wikipedia, etc... But I still don't know exactly what I should do. Linear Probing, basically, has a step of 1 and that's easy to do. When searching, inserting or removing an element from the Hash Table, I need to calculate an hash and for that I do this: index = hash_function(key) % table_size; Then, while searching, inserting or removing I loop through the table until I find a free bucket, like this: do { if(/* CHECK IF IT'S THE ELEMENT WE WANT */) { // FOUND ELEMENT return; } else { index = (index + 1) % table_size; } while(/* LOOP UNTIL IT'S NECESSARY */); As for Quadratic Probing, I think what I need to do is change how the "index" step size is calculated but that's what I don't understand how I should do it. I've seen various pieces of code, and all of them are somewhat different. Also, I've seen some implementations of Quadratic Probing where the hash function is changed to accommodated that (but not all of them). Is that change really needed or can I avoid modifying the hash function and still use Quadratic Probing? EDIT: After reading everything pointed out by Eli Bendersky below I think I got the general idea. Here's part of the code at http://eternallyconfuzzled.com/tuts/datastructures/jsw_tut_hashtable.aspx: 15 for ( step = 1; table->table[h] != EMPTY; step++ ) { 16 if ( compare ( key, table->table[h] ) == 0 ) 17 return 1; 18 19 /* Move forward by quadratically, wrap if necessary */ 20 h = ( h + ( step * step - step ) / 2 ) % table->size; 21 } There's 2 things I don't get... They say that quadratic probing is usually done using c(i)=i^2. However, in the code above, it's doing something more like c(i)=(i^2-i)/2 I was ready to implement this on my code but I would simply do: index = (index + (index^index)) % table_size; ...and not: index = (index + (index^index - index)/2) % table_size; If anything, I would do: index = (index + (index^index)/2) % table_size; ...cause I've seen other code examples diving by two. Although I don't understand why... 1) Why is it subtracting the step? 2) Why is it diving it by 2?

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• EventDispatcher between an as and an fla?

  - by Christopher Richa

  Hi everyone. I am making a fighting game in Flash and while I have everything running, I am missing something: a victory/loss screen. Logically, I know how to do it: if character.hp < 0 { character.dead = true; dispatchevent("death", event) } My problem is that I have no idea as to how to code it. I know I will use two classes and my two .fla files (unless I am wrong). I have two .fla files that are in play here: the Menu.fla file and the Arena.fla file. Menu.fla contains the entire navigation of the game, options, character selection screens, etc. and when it is time for the player to engage in battle, it loads the Arena.fla file, which contains only the backgrounds (depending on the selected stage) and for now is set to a length of one frame only. For Arena.fla, the real action happens in my classes, but logically, I would only need HP.as and Character.as. In Character.as, I have declared the following variable: var isDead:Boolean = false; //is character dead? In HP.as, believe I should have the following: if(currentHp<0) { currentHp = 0; character.isDead = true; //declared as var `character:Object;` EventDispatcher.dispatchEventListener("playerDead", playerDead); } And finally, in Arena.fla, I want to be able to detect the above-mentioned eventlistener and simply move on to a second frame which will display a message in the style of "PLAYER ONE HAS WON" or "PLAYER ONE HAS LOST" with a button that will allow me to go back to the character selection screen. This is the first part in which I am stuck: how do I detect the dispatched event listener in my main .fla file? Secondly, if the player clicks on the "CONTINUE" button, which displays regardless if the player has won or lost, how can my Menu.fla (which loads the Arena.swf) detect this click event, unload the game, and go back to the character selection screen? Thank you in advance for helping me out. I realize this is a lot of text but it's the most descriptive I can be. If you have any questions or need any clarification concerning my question, feel free to speak up. -Christopher

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• Loading .png image from array of uint8_t into OpenGL ES texture

  - by unknownthreat

  Normally, when we want to load a texture for OpenGL ES with .png, we simply add the .png images into XCode. The .png files will be altered for optimization by XCode and these altered png files can loaded into OpenGL ES texture during the runtime. However, what I am trying to do is quite different. I am trying to load a .png file that is not from the prebuilt/compile. The png file will be transmitted externally from UDP, and it will be in the form of array of bytes. I am very sure that the png is transferred correctly, but when it comes to displaying the png image in the form of the OpenGL ES texture, the image somehow shows incorrectly. The colors that are being sent are presented but the positions are somehow very incorrect. However, the position of the colors still retain some aspects of the original position. Here: The left image shows the original .png, while the right shows the png being displayed on iPhone using OpenGL ES Texture. It looks more like the png data is not being decoded or incorrectly processed. Below is OpenGL ES code for turning the image into texture: - (void) setTextureFromImageByte: (uint8_t*)imageByte{ if (self = [super init]){ NSData* imageData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes: imageByte length: imageLength]; UIImage* img = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData: imageData]; CGImageRef image = img.CGImage; int width = 512; int height = 512; if (image){ int tempWidth = (int)width, tempHeight = (int)height; if ((tempWidth & (tempWidth - 1)) != 0 ){ NSLog(@"CAUTION! width is not power of 2. width == %d", tempWidth); }else if ((tempHeight & (tempHeight - 1)) != 0 ){ NSLog(@"CAUTION! height is not power of 2. height == %d", tempHeight); }else{ void *spriteData = calloc(width * 4, height * 4); CGContextRef spriteContext = CGBitmapContextCreate(spriteData, width, height, 8, width*4, CGImageGetColorSpace(image), kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast); CGContextDrawImage(spriteContext, CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, width, height), image); CGContextRelease(spriteContext); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1); glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 320, 435, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, spriteData); free(spriteData); } }else NSLog(@"ERROR: Image not loaded..."); [img release]; [imageData release]; } } So does anyone knows how to deal with this? Is it because of iPhone only accepts altered png from XCode? What can we do in this case in order to make the png image be able to display correctly?

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• How to maximize http.sys file upload performance

  - by anelson

  I'm building a tool that transfers very large streaming data sets (possibly on the order of terabytes in a single stream; routinely in the tens of gigabytes) from one server to another. The client portion of the tool will read blocks from the source disk, and send them over the network. The server side will read these blocks off the network and write them to a file on the server disk. Right now I'm trying to decide which transport to use. Options are raw TCP, and HTTP. I really, REALLY want to be able to use HTTP. The HttpListener (or WCF if I want to go that route) make it easy to plug in to the HTTP Server API (http.sys), and I can get things like authentication and SSL for free. The problem right now is performance. I wrote a simple test harness that sends 128K blocks of NULL bytes using the BeginWrite/EndWrite async I/O idiom, with async BeginRead/EndRead on the server side. I've modified this test harness so I can do this with either HTTP PUT operations via HttpWebRequest/HttpListener, or plain old socket writes using TcpClient/TcpListener. To rule out issues with network cards or network pathways, both the client and server are on one machine and communicate over localhost. On my 12-core Windows 2008 R2 test server, the TCP version of this test harness can push bytes at 450MB/s, with minimal CPU usage. On the same box, the HTTP version of the test harness runs between 130MB/s and 200MB/s depending upon how I tweak it. In both cases CPU usage is low, and the vast majority of what CPU usage there is is kernel time, so I'm pretty sure my usage of C# and the .NET runtime is not the bottleneck. The box has two 6-core Xeon X5650 processors, 24GB of single-ranked DDR3 RAM, and is used exclusively by me for my own performance testing. I already know about HTTP client tweaks like ServicePointManager.MaxServicePointIdleTime, ServicePointManager.DefaultConnectionLimit, ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue, and HttpWebRequest.AllowWriteStreamBuffering. Does anyone have any ideas for how I can get HTTP.sys performance beyond 200MB/s? Has anyone seen it perform this well on any environment?

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• NSStringWithFormat Swizzled to allow missing format numbered args

  - by coneybeare

  Based on this SO question asked a few hours ago, I have decided to implement a swizzled method that will allow me to take a formatted NSString as the format arg into stringWithFormat, and have it not break when omitting one of the numbered arg references (%1$@, %2$@) I have it working, but this is the first copy, and seeing as this method is going to be potentially called hundreds of thousands of times per app run, I need to bounce this off of some experts to see if this method has any red flags, major performance hits, or optimizations #define NUMARGS(...) (sizeof((int[]){__VA_ARGS__})/sizeof(int)) @implementation NSString (UAFormatOmissions) + (id)uaStringWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... { if (format != nil) { va_list args; va_start(args, format); // $@ is an ordered variable (%1$@, %2$@...) if ([format rangeOfString:@"$@"].location == NSNotFound) { //call apples method NSString *s = [[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:format arguments:args] autorelease]; va_end(args); return s; } NSMutableArray *newArgs = (NSMutableArray *)[NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:NUMARGS(args)]; id arg = nil; int i = 1; while (arg = va_arg(args, id)) { NSString *f = (NSString *)[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%%%d\$\@", i]; i++; if ([format rangeOfString:f].location == NSNotFound) continue; else [newArgs addObject:arg]; } va_end(args); char *newArgList = (char *)malloc(sizeof(id) * [newArgs count]); [newArgs getObjects:(id *)newArgList]; NSString* result = [[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:format arguments:newArgList] autorelease]; free(newArgList); return result; } return nil; } The basic algorithm is: search the format string for the %1$@, %2$@ variables by searching for %@ if not found, call the normal stringWithFormat and return else, loop over the args if the format has a position variable (%i$@) for position i, add the arg to the new arg array else, don't add the arg take the new arg array, convert it back into a va_list, and call initWithFormat:arguments: to get the correct string. The idea is that I would run all [NSString stringWithFormat:] calls through this method instead. This might seem unnecessary to many, but click on to the referenced SO question (first line) to see examples of why I need to do this. Ideas? Thoughts? Better implementations? Better Solutions?

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• NSString stringWithFormat swizzled to allow missing format numbered args

  - by coneybeare

  Based on this SO question asked a few hours ago, I have decided to implement a swizzled method that will allow me to take a formatted NSString as the format arg into stringWithFormat, and have it not break when omitting one of the numbered arg references (%1$@, %2$@) I have it working, but this is the first copy, and seeing as this method is going to be potentially called hundreds of thousands of times per app run, I need to bounce this off of some experts to see if this method has any red flags, major performance hits, or optimizations #define NUMARGS(...) (sizeof((int[]){__VA_ARGS__})/sizeof(int)) @implementation NSString (UAFormatOmissions) + (id)uaStringWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... { if (format != nil) { va_list args; va_start(args, format); // $@ is an ordered variable (%1$@, %2$@...) if ([format rangeOfString:@"$@"].location == NSNotFound) { //call apples method NSString *s = [[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:format arguments:args] autorelease]; va_end(args); return s; } NSMutableArray *newArgs = (NSMutableArray *)[NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:NUMARGS(args)]; id arg = nil; int i = 1; while (arg = va_arg(args, id)) { NSString *f = (NSString *)[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%%%d\$\@", i]; i++; if ([format rangeOfString:f].location == NSNotFound) continue; else [newArgs addObject:arg]; } va_end(args); char *newArgList = (char *)malloc(sizeof(id) * [newArgs count]); [newArgs getObjects:(id *)newArgList]; NSString* result = [[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:format arguments:newArgList] autorelease]; free(newArgList); return result; } return nil; } The basic algorithm is: search the format string for the %1$@, %2$@ variables by searching for %@ if not found, call the normal stringWithFormat and return else, loop over the args if the format has a position variable (%i$@) for position i, add the arg to the new arg array else, don't add the arg take the new arg array, convert it back into a va_list, and call initWithFormat:arguments: to get the correct string. The idea is that I would run all [NSString stringWithFormat:] calls through this method instead. This might seem unnecessary to many, but click on to the referenced SO question (first line) to see examples of why I need to do this. Ideas? Thoughts? Better implementations? Better Solutions?

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• Stand-alone Java code formatter/beautifier/pretty printer?

  - by Greg Mattes

  I'm interested in learning about the available choices of high-quality, stand-alone source code formatters for Java. The formatter must be stand-alone, that is, it must support a "batch" mode that is decoupled from any particular development environment. Ideally it should be independent of any particular operating system as well. So, a built-in formatter for the IDE du jour is of little interest here (unless that IDE supports batch mode formatter invocation, perhaps from the command line). A formatter written in closed-source C/C++ that only runs on, say, Windows is not ideal, but is somewhat interesting. To be clear, a "formatter" (or "beautifier") is not the same as a "style checker." A formatter accepts source code as input, applies styling rules, and produces styled source code that is semantically equivalent to the original source code. A style checker also applies styling rules, but it simply reports rule violations without producing modified source code as output. So the picture looks like this: Formatter (produces modified source code that conforms to styling rules) Read Source Code → Apply Styling Rules → Write Styled Source Code Style Checker (does not produce modified source code) Read Source Code → Apply Styling Rules → Write Rule Violations Further Clarifications Solutions must be highly configurable. I want to be able to specify my own style, not simply select from a canned list. Also, I'm not looking for a general purpose pretty-printer written in Java that can pretty-print many things. I want to style Java code. I'm also not necessarily interested in a grand-unified formatter for many languages. I suppose it might be nice for a solution to have support for languages other than Java, but that is not a requirement. Furthermore, tools that only perform code highlighting are right out. I'm also not interested in a web service. I want a tool that I can run locally. Finally, solutions need not be restricted to open source, public domain, shareware, free software, commercial, or anything else. All forms of licensing are acceptable.

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• Drawing a texture with an alpha channel doesn't work -- draws black

  - by DevDevDev

  I am modifying GLPaint to use a different background, so in this case it is white. Anyway the existing stamp they are using assumes the background is black, so I made a new background with an alpha channel. When I draw on the canvas it is still black, what gives? When I actually draw, I just bind the texture and it works. Something is wrong in this initialization. Here is the photo - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder { CGImageRef brushImage; CGContextRef brushContext; GLubyte *brushData; size_t width, height; if (self = [super initWithCoder:coder]) { CAEAGLLayer *eaglLayer = (CAEAGLLayer *)self.layer; eaglLayer.opaque = YES; // In this application, we want to retain the EAGLDrawable contents after a call to presentRenderbuffer. eaglLayer.drawableProperties = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], kEAGLDrawablePropertyRetainedBacking, kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8, kEAGLDrawablePropertyColorFormat, nil]; context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES1]; if (!context || ![EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]) { [self release]; return nil; } // Create a texture from an image // First create a UIImage object from the data in a image file, and then extract the Core Graphics image brushImage = [UIImage imageNamed:@"test.png"].CGImage; // Get the width and height of the image width = CGImageGetWidth(brushImage); height = CGImageGetHeight(brushImage); // Texture dimensions must be a power of 2. If you write an application that allows users to supply an image, // you'll want to add code that checks the dimensions and takes appropriate action if they are not a power of 2. // Make sure the image exists if(brushImage) { brushData = (GLubyte *) calloc(width * height * 4, sizeof(GLubyte)); brushContext = CGBitmapContextCreate(brushData, width, width, 8, width * 4, CGImageGetColorSpace(brushImage), kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast); CGContextDrawImage(brushContext, CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, (CGFloat)width, (CGFloat)height), brushImage); CGContextRelease(brushContext); glGenTextures(1, &brushTexture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, brushTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, brushData); free(brushData); } //Set up OpenGL states glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); CGRect frame = self.bounds; glOrthof(0, frame.size.width, 0, frame.size.height, -1, 1); glViewport(0, 0, frame.size.width, frame.size.height); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glDisable(GL_DITHER); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA); glEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE_OES); glTexEnvf(GL_POINT_SPRITE_OES, GL_COORD_REPLACE_OES, GL_TRUE); glPointSize(width / kBrushScale); } return self; }

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• AVFoundation buffer comparison to a saved image

  - by user577552

  Hi, I am a long time reader, first time poster on StackOverflow, and must say it has been a great source of knowledge for me. I am trying to get to know the AVFoundation framework. What I want to do is save what the camera sees and then detect when something changes. Here is the part where I save the image to a UIImage : if (shouldSetBackgroundImage) { CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); // Create a bitmap graphics context with the sample buffer data CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate(rowBase, bufferWidth, bufferHeight, 8, bytesPerRow, colorSpace, kCGBitmapByteOrder32Little | kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst); // Create a Quartz image from the pixel data in the bitmap graphics context CGImageRef quartzImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context); // Free up the context and color space CGContextRelease(context); CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace); // Create an image object from the Quartz image UIImage * image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:quartzImage]; [self setBackgroundImage:image]; NSLog(@"reference image actually set"); // Release the Quartz image CGImageRelease(quartzImage); //Signal that the image has been saved shouldSetBackgroundImage = NO; } and here is the part where I check if there is any change in the image seen by the camera : else { CGImageRef cgImage = [backgroundImage CGImage]; CGDataProviderRef provider = CGImageGetDataProvider(cgImage); CFDataRef bitmapData = CGDataProviderCopyData(provider); char* data = CFDataGetBytePtr(bitmapData); if (data != NULL) { int64_t numDiffer = 0, pixelCount = 0; NSMutableArray * pointsMutable = [NSMutableArray array]; for( int row = 0; row < bufferHeight; row += 8 ) { for( int column = 0; column < bufferWidth; column += 8 ) { //we get one pixel from each source (buffer and saved image) unsigned char *pixel = rowBase + (row * bytesPerRow) + (column * BYTES_PER_PIXEL); unsigned char *referencePixel = data + (row * bytesPerRow) + (column * BYTES_PER_PIXEL); pixelCount++; if ( !match(pixel, referencePixel, matchThreshold) ) { numDiffer++; [pointsMutable addObject:[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH - (column/ (float) bufferHeight)* SCREEN_WIDTH - 4.0, (row/ (float) bufferWidth)* SCREEN_HEIGHT- 4.0)]]; } } } numberOfPixelsThatDiffer = numDiffer; points = [pointsMutable copy]; } For some reason, this doesn't work, meaning that the iPhone detects almost everything as being different from the saved image, even though I set a very low threshold for detection in the match function... Do you have any idea of what I am doing wrong?

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• Cases of companies taking IP rights of your own personal projects developed outside company time

  - by GSS

  Hi, I have heard of cases where a developer working for a company is also making his own personal projects in his own time, using his own equipment yet the company he works for tries to claim ownership for the project. I really find this annoying, and bang out of order. It should also be illegal. I am in this position (work for a company and working on my own systems - from small class libraries used to practise what I learn in my exam revision to a large commercial-scale system). While I don't know if the company will try to take ownership, all I know is they say they do not want a conflict of interest. Fair enough, my system is developed in my own time using my own equipment. They also say that work time should be for work only, which it is. Funny thing that as work is so boring, easy and slow that I have plenty of free time, which I wish I could spend on something productive - said system. The problem is, my company does not take hiring technical talent seriously. This is my first job, I am a junior coder (but my status/position doesn't really reflect what I can do), but I am the only developer. Likewise with the guy who controls Windows Server. As the contract does not say anything about taking ownership, I would assume they would. They would try to milk my success (I've made a good impression so I am sure they would). How can this be allowed? Are there any examples of this happening to any fellow Stacker here? It really makes my blood boil. What I find funny is that my company hardly has the expertise and resources to even be able to successfully run a project of my size. What I do at work is an ASP.NET application consisting of five pages, and even then there are flaws in the project. If I told them that they would also have to take responsibility for flaws in the project, then they would think twice! It's exactly because of this I save the best code for myself and at work I write rubbish code full of code smells. The company don't really care about error handling, as long as the business functionality works (ie a scheduled email sends, but there is no error handling). They'd think twice when they see the embarassment and business cost of a YSOD...

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• General Questions on setting up Subversion (w/Netbeans) and web development workflow.

  - by Roeland

  Hey guys, I am web developer who currently works mostly on his own but, some projects require outside coding help (my brother.) Anyway, after running in to the problem of "working on the same files" and "saving over each others edits" I decided to research ways to avoid this. Through the help of stackoverflow I decided on subversion. My setup is the following: A windows 2008 server with a clean install. My desktop which is on the local network of the server. Then my brothers desktop which is at his house, not on lan. We both prefer to use netbeans for development. My Questions: How do we set this thing up correctly and most optimally. Here is my current setup and work flow. dev site: in the past I just created sub domains with my web host for test sites (company1.bythepixel.com, company2.bythepixel.com), and editted those sites with netbeans set up having remote sources (ftp). how do i set up my netbeans now? should I set it up with remote sources? I guess I may need to set up a web server on my local server. I'm just not sure of the work flow. When i hit save in netbeans.. will it update the repository.. then do i need to update the site from the repository somehow? live site: when going live, i would just copy all the files from the dev site into the live site. from what i gather i should be able to update the site from the dev repository? Currently I am toying with virtualsvn server (http://www.visualsvn.com/server/) on my local server. It looks like it is set up to use the http protocol. Is there advantages to this or should I consider something that does the file//. Do you recommend any other subversion software that would run on my 2008 box? how will my brother connect? should i set up a permanent vpn from his house to mine? suggestions? (not that important) how do I deal with databases, there anyway to do subversion on database? I know I have a lot of questions and I am trying to read / make sense of the free online subversion book, but its all so overwhelming! Wish there was a small subversion for dummies guide :)

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• Do you still limit line length in code?

  - by Noldorin

  This is a matter on which I would like to gauge the opinion of the community: Do you still limit the length of lines of code to a fixed maximum? This was certainly a convention of the past for many languages; one would typically cap the number of characters per line to a value such as 80 (and more recnetly 100 or 120 I believe). As far as I understand, the primary reasons for limiting line length are: Readability - You don't have to scroll over horizontally when you want to see the end of some lines. Printing - Admittedly (at least in my experience), most code that you are working on does not get printed out on paper, but by limiting the number of characters you can insure that formatting doesn't get messed up when printed. Past editors (?) - Not sure about this one, but I suspect that at some point in the distant past of programming, (at least some) text editors may have been based on a fixed-width buffer. I'm sure there are points that I am still missing out, so feel free to add to these... Now, when I tend to observe C or C# code nowadays, I often see a number of different styles, the main ones being: Line length capped to 80, 100, or even 120 characters. As far as I understand, 80 is the traditional length, but the longer ones of 100 and 120 have appeared because of the widespread use of high resolutions and widescreen monitors nowadays. No line length capping at all. This tends to be pretty horrible to read, and I don't see it too often, though it's certainly not too rare either. Inconsistent capping of line length. The length of some lines are limited to a fixed maximum (or even a maximum that changes depending on the file/location in code), while others (possibly comments) are not at all. My personal preference here (at least recently) has been to cap the line length to 100 in the Visual Studio editor. This means that in a decently sized window (on a non-widescreen monitor), the ends of lines are still fully visible. I can however see a few disadvantages in this, especially when you end up writing code that's indented 3 or 4 levels and then having to include a long string literal - though I often take this as a sign to refactor my code! In particular, I am curious what the C and C# coders (or anyone who uses Visual Studio for that matter) think about this point, though I would be interested in hearing anyone's thoughts on the subject. Edit Thanks for the all answers - I appreciate the variety of opinions here, all presenting sound reasons. Consensus does seem to be tipping in the direction of always (or almost always) limit the line length. Interestingly, it seems to be in various coding standards to limit the line length. Judging by some of the answers, both the Python and Google CPP guidelines set the limit at 80 chars. I haven't seen anything similar regarding C# or VB.NET, but I would be curious to see if there are ones anywhere.

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• Creating a System::String object from a BSTR in Managed C++ - is this way a good idea???

  - by Eli

  My co-worker is filling a System::String object with double-byte characters from an unmanaged library by the following method: RFC_PARAMETER aux; Object* target; RFC_UNICODE_TYPE_ELEMENT* elm; elm = &(m_coreObject->m_pStructMeta->m_typeElements[index]); aux.name = NULL; aux.nlen = 0; aux.type = elm->type; aux.leng = elm->c2_length; aux.addr = m_coreObject->m_rfcWa + elm->c2_offset; GlobalFunctions::CreateObjectForRFCField(target,aux,elm->decimals); GlobalFunctions::ReadRFCField(target,aux,elm->decimals); Where GlobalFunctions::CreateObjectForRFCField creates a System::String object filled with spaces (for padding) to what the unmanaged library states the max length should be: static void CreateObjectForRFCField(Object*& object, RFC_PARAMETER& par, unsigned dec) { switch (par.type) { case TYPC: object = new String(' ',par.leng / sizeof(_TCHAR)); break; // unimportant afterwards. } } And GlobalFunctions::ReadRFCField() copies the data from the library into the created String object and preserves the space padding: static void ReadRFCField(String* target, RFC_PARAMETER& par) { int lngt; _TCHAR* srce; switch (par.type) { case TYPC: case TYPDATE: case TYPTIME: case TYPNUM: lngt = par.leng / sizeof(_TCHAR); srce = (_TCHAR*)par.addr; break; case RFCTYPE_STRING: lngt = (*(_TCHAR**)par.addr != NULL) ? (int)_tcslen(*(_TCHAR**)par.addr) : 0; srce = *(_TCHAR**)par.addr; break; default: throw new DotNet_Incomp_RFCType2; } if (lngt > target->Length) lngt = target->Length; GCHandle gh = GCHandle::Alloc(target,GCHandleType::Pinned); wchar_t* buff = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(gh.AddrOfPinnedObject().ToPointer()); _wcsnset(buff,' ',target->Length); _snwprintf(buff,lngt,_T2WFSP,srce); gh.Free(); } Now, on occasion, we see access violations getting thrown in the _snwprintf call. My question really is: Is it appropriate to create a string padded to a length (ideally to pre-allocate the internal buffer), and then to modify the String using GCHandle::Alloc and the mess above. And yes, I know that System::String objects are supposed to be immutable - I'm looking for a definitive "This is WRONG and here is why". Thanks, Eli.

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• MBR Booting from DOS

  - by eflukx

  For a project I would like to invoke the MBR on the first harddisk directly from DOS. I've written a small assembler program that loads the MBR in memory at 0:7c00h an does a far jump to it. I've put my util on a bootable floppy. The disk (HD0, 0x80) i'm trying to boot has a TrueCrypt boot loader on it. It shows up the TrueCrypt screen, but after typing in the password it crashes the system. When I run my little utlility (w00t.com) on a normal WinXP machine it seams to crash immedealty. Apparently I'm forgetting some crucial stuff the BIOS normally does, my guess is it's something trivial. Can someone with better bare-metal DOS and BIOS experience help me out? Heres my code: .MODEL tiny .386 _TEXT SEGMENT USE16 INCLUDE BootDefs.i ORG 100h start: ; http://vxheavens.com/lib/vbw05.html ; Before DOS has booted the BIOS stores the amount of usable lower memory ; in a word located at 0:413h in memory. We going to erase this value because ; we have booted dos before loading the bootsector, and dos is fat (and ugly). ; fake free memory ;push ds ;push 0 ;pop ds ;mov ax, TC_BOOT_LOADER_SEGMENT / 1024 * 16 + TC_BOOT_MEMORY_REQUIRED ;mov word ptr ds:[413h], ax ;ax = memory in K ;pop ds ;lea si, memory_patched_msg ;call print ;mov ax, cs mov ax, 0 mov es, ax ; read first sector to es:7c00h (== cs:7c00) mov dl, 80h mov cl, 1 mov al, 1 mov bx, 7c00h ;load sector to es:bx call read_sectors lea si, mbr_loaded_msg call print lea si, jmp_to_mbr_msg call print ;Set BIOS default values in environment cli mov dl, 80h ;(drive C) xor ax, ax mov ds, ax mov es, ax mov ss, ax mov sp, 0ffffh sti push es push 7c00h retf ;Jump to MBR code at 0:7c00h ; Print string print: xor bx, bx mov ah, 0eh cld @@: lodsb test al, al jz print_end int 10h jmp @B print_end: ret ; Read sectors of the first cylinder read_sectors: mov ch, 0 ; Cylinder mov dh, 0 ; Head ; DL = drive number passed from BIOS mov ah, 2 int 13h jnc read_ok lea si, disk_error_msg call print read_ok: ret memory_patched_msg db 'Memory patched', 13, 10, 7, 0 mbr_loaded_msg db 'MBR loaded', 13, 10, 7, 0 jmp_to_mbr_msg db 'Jumping to MBR code', 13, 10, 7, 0 disk_error_msg db 'Disk error', 13, 10, 7, 0 _TEXT ENDS END start

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• Using Hibernate to do a query involving two tables

  - by Nathan Spears

  I'm inexperienced with sql in general, so using Hibernate is like looking for an answer before I know exactly what the question is. Please feel free to correct any misunderstandings I have. I am on a project where I have to use Hibernate. Most of what I am doing is pretty basic and I could copy and modify. Now I would like to do something different and I'm not sure how configuration and syntax need to come together. Let's say I have two tables. Table A has two (relevant) columns, user GUID and manager GUID. Obviously managers can have more than one user under them, so queries on manager can return more than one row. Additionally, a manager can be managing the same user on multiple projects, so the same user can be returned multiple times for the same manager query. Table B has two columns, user GUID and user full name. One-to-one mapping there. I want to do a query on manager GUID from Table A, group them by unique User GUID (so the same User isn't in the results twice), then return those users' full names from Table B. I could do this in sql without too much trouble but I want to use Hibernate so I don't have to parse the sql results by hand. That's one of the points of using Hibernate, isn't it? Right now I have Hibernate mappings that map each column in Table A to a field (well the get/set methods I guess) in a DAO object that I wrote just to hold that Table's data. I could also use the Hibernate DAOs I have to access each table separately and do each of the things I mentioned above in separate steps, but that would be less efficient (I assume) that doing one query. I wrote a Service object to hold the data that gets returned from the query (my example is simplified - I'm going to keep some other data from Table A and get multiple columns from Table B) but I'm at a loss for how to write a DAO that can do the join, or use the DAOs I have to do the join. FYI, here is a sample of my hibernate config file (simplified to match my example): <hibernate-mapping package="com.my.dao"> <class name="TableA" table="table_a"> <id name="pkIndex" column="pk_index" /> <property name="userGuid" column="user_guid" /> <property name="managerGuid" column="manager_guid" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping> So then I have a DAOImplementation class that does queries and returns lists like public List<TableA> findByHQL(String hql, Map<String, String> params) etc. I'm not sure how "best practice" that is either.

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• XML Parsing Error - C#

  - by Indebi

  My code is having an XML parsing error at line 7 position 32 and I'm not really sure why Exact Error Dump 5/1/2010 10:21:42 AM System.Xml.XmlException: An error occurred while parsing EntityName. Line 7, position 32. at System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.Throw(Exception e) at System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.Throw(String res, Int32 lineNo, Int32 linePos) at System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.HandleEntityReference(Boolean isInAttributeValue, EntityExpandType expandType, Int32& charRefEndPos) at System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.ParseAttributeValueSlow(Int32 curPos, Char quoteChar, NodeData attr) at System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.ParseAttributes() at System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.ParseElement() at System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.ParseElementContent() at System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.Read() at System.Xml.XmlLoader.LoadNode(Boolean skipOverWhitespace) at System.Xml.XmlLoader.LoadDocSequence(XmlDocument parentDoc) at System.Xml.XmlLoader.Load(XmlDocument doc, XmlReader reader, Boolean preserveWhitespace) at System.Xml.XmlDocument.Load(XmlReader reader) at System.Xml.XmlDocument.Load(String filename) at Lookoa.LoadingPackages.LoadingPackages_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) in C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Lookoa\Lookoa\LoadingPackages.cs:line 30 Xml File, please note this is just a sample because I want the program to work before I begin to fill this repository <repo> <Packages> <TheFirstPackage id="00001" longname="Mozilla Firefox" appver="3.6.3" pkgver="0.01" description="Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser descended from the Mozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation. A Net Applications statistic put Firefox at 24.52% of the recorded usage share of web browsers as of March 2010[update], making it the second most popular browser in terms of current use worldwide after Microsoft's Internet Explorer." cat="WWW" rlsdate="4/8/10" pkgloc="http://google.com"/> </Packages> <categories> <WWW longname="World Wide Web" description="Software that's focus is communication or primarily uses the web for any particular reason."> </WWW> <Fun longname="Entertainment & Other" description="Music Players, Video Players, Games, or anything that doesn't fit in any of the other categories."> </Fun> <Work longname="Productivity" description="Application's commonly used for occupational needs or, stuff you work on"> </Work> <Advanced longname="System & Security" description="Applications that protect the computer from malware, clean the computer, and other utilities."> </Advanced> </categories> </repo> Small part of C# Code //Loading the Package and Category lists //The info from them is gonna populate the listboxes for Category and Packages Repository.Load("repo.info"); XmlNodeList Categories = Repository.GetElementsByTagName("categories"); foreach (XmlNode Category in Categories) { CategoryNumber++; CategoryNames[CategoryNumber] = Category.Name; MessageBox.Show(CategoryNames[CategoryNumber]); } The Messagebox.Show() is just to make sure it's getting the correct results

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• How to make Flash 'play well with others'?

  - by Sensei James

  What up fam. So this isn't a question asking about memory management schemes; for those of you who may not know, the Flash Virtual Machine relies on garbage collection by using reference counting and mark and sweep (for good coverage of these topics, check out Grant Skinner's article and presentation). And yes, Flash also provides the "delete" operator, which can (unfortunately only) be used to remove the properties of dynamic objects. What I want to know is how to make it so that Flash programs don't continue to consume CPU and memory while running in the background (save loading content or communicating remotely, for example). The motivation for this question comes in part from Apple's ban on cross compiled applications (in its SDK 4) on the grounds that they do not behave as predicted with the multitasking feature central to iPhone OS 4. My intention is not only to make Flash programs that will 'pass muster' as far as multitasking in iPhone OS 4, but also to simply make better (behaving) Flash programs. Put another way, how might a Flash application mimic the multitasking feature of iPhone OS 4? Does the Flash API provide the means for a developer to put their applications to 'sleep' while other programs run, and then to 'awaken' them just as quickly? In our own program, we might do something as crude as detecting when the user has been idle (no mouse motion or key press) for (say) four seconds: var idle_id:uint = setInterval(4000, pause_program); var current_movie_clip:MovieClip; var current_frame:uint; ... // on Mouse move or key press... clearInterval(idle_id); idle_id = setInterval(4000, pause_program); ... function pause_program():void { current_movie_clip = event.target as MovieClip; current_frame = current_movie_clip.currentFrame; MovieClip(root).gotoAndStop("program_pause_screen"); } (on the program pause screen) resume_button.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, resume_program); function resume_program(event:MouseEvent) { current_movie_clip.gotoAndPlay(current_frame); } If that's the right idea, what's the best way to detect that an application should be shelved? And, more importantly, is it possible for Flash Player to detect that some of its running programs are idle, and to similarly shelve them until the user performs an action to resume them? (Please feel free to answer as much or as little of the many questions I've posed.)

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• Am I using EJBs properly?

  - by kgrad

  I am using a JEE6 stack including JPA 2.0, JSF 2.0, EJB 3.1 etc. The way my architecture is setup is the following: I have JPA annotated DAOs using hibernate as my JPA provider. I have JSF Managed beans which correspond to my facelet/xhtml pages. I have EJBs that handle all of my database requests. My XHTML pages have JSF EL which make calls to my Managed beans. My managed beans contain references to my DAO entities which are managed by EJBs. For example, I have a user entity which is mapped to a db table. I have a user EJB which handles all CRUD operations that return Users. I have a page that edits a user. The highlevel workflow would be: navigate to user edit page - EL calls a method located in the managed bean that loads a user. The method calls userEJB.loadUser(user) from the EJB to get the user from the database. The user is edited and submit - a function is called in the managed bean which calls a function in the EJB to save the user. etc. I am running into issues accessing my data within my JSF pages using EJBs. I am having a lot of problems with lazy initialization errors, which I believe is due to how I have set things up. For example, I have a Client entity that has a List of users which are lazily loaded. In order to get a client I call a method in my EJB which goes to the database, finds a client and returns it. Later on i wish to access this clients list of users, in order to do so i have to go back to the EJB by calling some sort of method in order to load those users (since they are lazily loaded). This means that I have to create a method such as public List<User> getUserListByClient(Client c) { c = em.merge(c); return c.getUserList(); } The only purpose of this method is to load the users (and I'm not even positive this approach is good or works). If i was doing session management myself, I would like just leave the session open for the entire request and access the property directly, this would be fine as the session would be open anyway, there seems to be this one extra layer of indirection in EJBs which is making things difficult for me. I do like EJBs as I like the fact that they are controlled by the container, pooled, offer transaction management for free etc. However, I get the feeling that I am using them incorrectly, or I have set up my JSF app incorrectly. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated. thanks,

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• UIIMageView, warning: check_safe_call: could not restore current frame

  - by lukya

  Hi, I am changing the image in UIImageView based on accelerometer input. The images are stored in an array. The application runs fine for a while and then crashes. warning: check_safe_call: could not restore current frame I am not using "UIImage ImageNamed" method when populating the array. The total size of all images is around 12 Mb. But individual images are very light (<100 kb) and i am using only one image at a time from the array. Just in case there are any autoreleases, I have allocated a NSAutoreleasePool in view did load and am draining it in the didReceiveMemoryWarning method (which does get called 2, 3 times before the app crashes?). Following is the code that creates images array: //create autorelease pool as we are creating many autoreleased objects NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSMutableArray *finalarr = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:9]; NSLog(@"start loading"); for(int y = 0; y < 100; y+=10) { NSMutableArray *arr = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:10]; for(int x = 0; x < 10; x++) { NSString *imageName = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"0%d",y + x]; UIImage *img = [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:imageName ofType:@"png"]]; [arr addObject:img]; [imageName release]; [img release]; } [finalarr addObject:arr]; [arr release]; } NSLog(@"done loading"); // Override point for customization after app launch viewController.imagesArray = finalarr; [finalarr release]; //retain the array of images [viewController.imagesArray retain]; //release the aurtorelease pool to free memory taken up by objects enqued for release [pool release]; As the app runs smoothly for a while, which means array creation is definitely not the problem. After this the following method is called from [accelerometer didAccelerate] -(BOOL)setImageForX:(int)x andY:(int)y { [self.imageView setImage:(UIImage*)[(NSArray*)[self.imagesArray objectAtIndex:y] objectAtIndex:x]]; return TRUE; } So the only code being executed is the "UIImageView setImage". But no objects are being created here. Please let me know if the code seems to have any leaks or i am doing something wrong. Thanks, Swapnil

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• Freetype2 failing under WoW64

  - by Necrolis

  I built a tff to D3D texture function using freetype2(2.3.9) to generate grayscale maps from the fonts. it works great under native win32, however, on WoW64 it just explodes (well, FT_Done and FT_Load_Glyph do). from some debugging, it seems to be a problem with HeapFree as called by free from FT_Free. I know it should work, as games like WCIII, which to the best of my knowledge use freetype2, run fine, this is my code, stripped of the D3D code(which causes no problems on its own): FT_Face pFace = NULL; FT_Error nError = 0; FT_Byte* pFont = static_cast<FT_Byte*>(ARCHIVE_LoadFile(pBuffer,&nSize)); if((nError = FT_New_Memory_Face(pLibrary,pFont,nSize,0,&pFace)) == 0) { FT_Set_Char_Size(pFace,nSize << 6,nSize << 6,96,96); for(unsigned char c = 0; c < 95; c++) { if(!FT_Load_Glyph(pFace,FT_Get_Char_Index(pFace,c + 32),FT_LOAD_RENDER)) { FT_Glyph pGlyph; if(!FT_Get_Glyph(pFace->glyph,&pGlyph)) { LOG("GET: %c",c + 32); FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap(&pGlyph,FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL,0,1); FT_BitmapGlyph pGlyphMap = reinterpret_cast<FT_BitmapGlyph>(pGlyph); FT_Bitmap* pBitmap = &pGlyphMap->bitmap; const size_t nWidth = pBitmap->width; const size_t nHeight = pBitmap->rows; //add to texture atlas } } } } else { FT_Done_Face(pFace); delete pFont; return FALSE; } FT_Done_Face(pFace); delete pFont; return TRUE; } ARCHIVE_LoadFile returns blocks allocated with new. As a secondary question, I would like to render a font using pixel sizes, I came across FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes, but I'm unsure as to whether this stretches the font to fit the size, or bounds it to a size. what I would like to do is render all the glyphs at say 24px (MS Word size here), then turn it into a signed distance field in a 32px area. Update After much fiddling, I got a test app to work, which leads me to think the problems are arising from threading, as my code is running in a secondary thread. I have compiled freetype into a static lib using the multithread DLL, my app uses the multithreaded libs. gonna see if i can set up a multithreaded test. Also updated to 2.4.4, to see if the problem was a known but fixed bug, didn't help however. Update 2 After some more fiddling, it turns out I wasn't using the correct lib for 2.4.4 -.- after fixing that, the test app works 100%, but the main app still crashes when FT_Done_Face is called, still seems to be a crash in the memory heap management of windows. is it possible that there is a bug in freetype2 that makes it blow up under user threads?

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• How to dynamically expand a string in C

  - by sa125

  Hi - I have a function that recursively makes some calculations on a set of numbers. I want to also pretty-print the calculation in each recursion call by passing the string from the previous calculation and concatenating it with the current operation. A sample output might look like this: 3 (3) + 2 ((3) + 2) / 4 (((3) + 2) / 4) x 5 ((((3) + 2) / 4) x 5) + 14 ... and so on So basically, the second call gets 3 and appends + 2 to it, the third call gets passed (3) + 2 , etc. My recursive function prototype looks like this: void calc_rec(int input[], int length, char * previous_string); I wrote a 2 helper functions to help me with the operation, but they implode when I test them: /********************************************************************** * dynamically allocate and append new string to old string and return a pointer to it **********************************************************************/ char * strapp(char * old, char * new) { // find the size of the string to allocate int len = sizeof(char) * (strlen(old) + strlen(new)); // allocate a pointer to the new string char * out = (char*)malloc(len); // concat both strings and return sprintf(out, "%s%s", old, new); return out; } /********************************************************************** * returns a pretty math representation of the calculation op **********************************************************************/ char * mathop(char * old, char operand, int num) { char * output, *newout; char fstr[50]; // random guess.. couldn't think of a better way. sprintf(fstr, " %c %d", operand, num); output = strapp(old, fstr); newout = (char*)malloc( 2*sizeof(char)+sizeof(output) ); sprintf(newout, "(%s)", output); free(output); return newout; } void test_mathop() { int i, total = 10; char * first = "3"; printf("in test_mathop\n"); while (i < total) { first = mathop(first, "+", i); printf("%s\n", first); ++i; } } strapp() returns a pointer to newly appended strings (works), and mathop() is supposed to take the old calculation string ("(3)+2"), a char operand ('+', '-', etc) and an int, and return a pointer to the new string, for example "((3)+2)/3". Any idea where I'm messing things up? thanks.

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• ASP.NET Client to Server communication

  - by Nelson

  Can you help me make sense of all the different ways to communicate from browser to client in ASP.NET? I have made this a community wiki so feel free to edit my post to improve it. Specifically, I'm trying to understand in which scenario to use each one by listing how each works. I'm a little fuzzy on UpdatePanel vs CallBack (with ViewState): I know UpdatePanel always returns HTML while CallBack can return JSON. Any other major differences? ...and CallBack (without ViewState) vs WebMethod. CallBack goes through most of the Page lifecycle, WebMethod doesn't. Any other major differences? IHttpHandler Custom handler for anything (page, image, etc.) Only does what you tell it to do (light server processing) Page is an implementation of IHttpHandler If you don't need what Page provides, create a custom IHttpHandler If you are using Page but overriding Render() and not generating HTML, you probably can do it with a custom IHttpHandler (e.g. writing binary data such as images) By default can use the .axd or .ashx file extensions -- both are functionally similar .ashx doesn't have any built-in endpoints, so it's preferred by convention Regular PostBack (System.Web.UI.Page : IHttpHandler) Inherits Page Full PostBack, including ViewState and HTML control values (heavy traffic) Full Page lifecycle (heavy server processing) No JavaScript required Webpage flickers/scrolls since everything is reloaded in browser Returns full page HTML (heavy traffic) UpdatePanel (Control) Control inside Page Full PostBack, including ViewState and HTML control values (heavy traffic) Full Page lifecycle (heavy server processing) Controls outside the UpdatePanel do Render(NullTextWriter) Must use ScriptManager If no client-side JavaScript, it can fall back to regular PostBack with no JavaScript (?) No flicker/scroll since it's an async call, unless it falls back to regular postback. Can be used with master pages and user controls Has built-in support for progress bar Returns HTML for controls inside UpdatePanel (medium traffic) Client CallBack (Page, System.Web.UI.ICallbackEventHandler) Inherits Page Most of Page lifecycle (heavy server processing) Takes only data you specify (light traffic) and optionally ViewState (?) (medium traffic) Client must support JavaScript and use ScriptManager No flicker/scroll since it's an async call Can be used with master pages and user controls Returns only data you specify in format you specify (e.g. JSON, XML...) (?) (light traffic) WebMethod Class implements System.Web.Service.WebService HttpContext available through this.Context Takes only data you specify (light traffic) Server only runs the called method (light server processing) Client must support JavaScript No flicker/scroll since it's an async call Can be used with master pages and user controls Returns only data you specify, typically JSON (light traffic) Can create instance of server control to render HTML and sent back as string, but events, paging in GridView, etc. won't work PageMethods Essentially a WebMethod contained in the Page class, so most of WebMethod's bullet's apply Method must be public static, therefore no Page instance accessible HttpContext available through HttpContext.Current Accessed directly by URL Page.aspx/MethodName (e.g. with XMLHttpRequest directly or with library such as jQuery) Setting ScriptManager property EnablePageMethods="True" generates a JavaScript proxy for each WebMethod Cannot be used directly in user controls with master pages and user controls Any others?

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• Corner Cases, Unexpected and Unusual Matlab

  - by Mikhail

  Over the years, reading others code, I encountered and collected some examples of Matlab syntax which can be at first unusual and counterintuitive. Please, feel free to comment or complement this list. I verified it r2006a. set([], 'Background:Color','red') Matlab is very forgiving sometimes. In this case, setting properties to an array of objects works also with nonsense properties, at least when the array is empty. myArray([1,round(end/2)]) This use of end keyword may seem unclean but is sometimes very handy instead of using length(myArray). any([]) ~= all([]) Surprisigly any([]) returns false and all([]) returns true. And I always thought that all is stronger then any. EDIT: with not empty argument all() returns true for a subset of values for which any() returns true (e.g. truth table). This means that any() false implies all() false. This simple rule is being violated by Matlab with [] as argument. Loren also blogged about it. Select(Range(ExcelComObj)) Procedural style COM object method dispatch. Do not wonder that exist('Select') returns zero! [myString, myCell] Matlab makes in this case an implicit cast of string variable myString to cell type {myString}. It works, also if I would not expect it to do so. [double(1.8), uint8(123)] => 2 123 Another cast example. Everybody would probably expect uint8 value being cast to double but Mathworks have another opinion. a = 5; b = a(); It looks silly but you can call a variable with round brackets. Actually it makes sense because this way you can execute a function given its handle. a = {'aa', 'bb' 'cc', 'dd'}; Surprsisingly this code neither returns a vector nor rises an error but defins matrix, using just code layout. It is probably a relict from ancient times. set(hobj, {'BackgroundColor','ForegroundColor'},{'red','blue'}) This code does what you probably expect it to do. That function set accepts a struct as its second argument is a known fact and makes sense, and this sintax is just a cell2struct away. Equvalence rules are sometimes unexpected at first. For example 'A'==65 returns true (although for C-experts it is self-evident). About which further unexpected/unusual Matlab features are you aware?

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