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  • Using static methods in objects PHP - is it advantage?

    - by RePRO
    I was reading some articles and discussions on the use of static methods on objects and it struck me how much the views differ. Someone say that using static methods is an advantage. Someone says that use is a big mistake. I wonder how is it? My question is when to use static methods and when not? I would like to hear answers from experts in this field (PHP OOP). This is because I know how it really is. The following code should be analogous. Just call the static method is simpler (my opinion): <?php class A { public function write($a) { echo $a; } } class B { public static function write($a) { echo $a; } } $a = new A; $a->write(5); // 5 B::write(5); // 5 ?> Thank you.

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  • What's the correct approach for passing data from several models into a service?

    - by Doug Chamberlain
    I have an AccountModel and a page where the user can upload a file. What I would like to have happen is when the user uploads the file. The PageController does something like the following. this is a quick attempt just written in the question to illustrate my question. public class PageController : Controller { private Service service; public ActionResult Upload(HttpPostedFileBase f){ service.savefile(f,_AccountModel_whatever.currentlyloggedinuser.taxid) } } public class Service { // abunch of validation and error checking to make sure the file is good to store } Wouldn't this approach be in bad practice? Since I'm making my controller dependent on the existence of th AccountModel? This will become a HUGE program over the next few years, and I really want to maximize the quality of the framework now.

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  • Getting data from csv file and returning objects in collections

    - by Jacob
    I have very simple class of person as below: public class Person { int ID; Gender gender; Date dateOfBirth; public Person(final int iD, final Gender gender,final Date dateOfBirth) { ID = iD; this.gender = gender; this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth; } } Gender is enum : public enum Gender { Male, Female } In CSV file i will have data, for example: 1;Male;23-02-2001 2;Female;11-06-1989 3;Male;02-12-1999 Is in java any simple way to get all persons from csv file and return it as ArrayList<Person> persons ?

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  • What is this called?

    - by robertlewis2001
    I'm hoping there's a book or something out there for me to get... If I have a class that has Collection as an instance variable, what is that method of coding called? A design pattern? If so, where can I find more information on it? As I've been working with this mentor, he's really helped me understand my programming weakness and that weakness is thinking in terms of collections or relationships between objects. It just seems so difficult for me right now and I need to read to become smarter. My mentor is a great guy, but he gets frustrated when I start asking lots of questions, so I'm starting to feel like I need to learn more on my own. public class Evaluation { private List<Criterion> criterion = null; public Evaluation() { criterion = new List<Criterion>(); } }

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  • Advantages to Multiple Methods over Switch

    - by tandu
    I received a code review from a senior developer today asking "By the way, what is your objection to dispatching functions by way of a switch statement?" I have read in many places about how pumping an argument through switch to call methods is bad OOP, not as extensible, etc. However, I can't really come up with a definitive answer for him. I would like to settle this for myself once and for all. Here are our competing code suggestions (php used as an example, but can apply more universally): class Switch { public function go($arg) { switch ($arg) { case "one": echo "one\n"; break; case "two": echo "two\n"; break; case "three": echo "three\n"; break; default: throw new Exception("Unknown call: $arg"); break; } } } class Oop { public function go_one() { echo "one\n"; } public function go_two() { echo "two\n"; } public function go_three() { echo "three\n"; } public function __call($_, $__) { throw new Exception("Unknown call $_ with arguments: " . print_r($__, true)); } } Part of his argument was "It (switch method) has a much cleaner way of handling default cases than what you have in the generic __call() magic method." I disagree about the cleanliness and in fact prefer call, but I would like to hear what others have to say. Arguments I can come up with in support of Oop scheme: A bit cleaner in terms of the code you have to write (less, easier to read, less keywords to consider) Not all actions delegated to a single method. Not much difference in execution here, but at least the text is more compartmentalized. In the same vein, another method can be added anywhere in the class instead of a specific spot. Methods are namespaced, which is nice. Does not apply here, but consider a case where Switch::go() operated on a member rather than a parameter. You would have to change the member first, then call the method. For Oop you can call the methods independently at any time. Arguments I can come up with in support of Switch scheme: For the sake of argument, cleaner method of dealing with a default (unknown) request Seems less magical, which might make unfamiliar developers feel more comfortable Anyone have anything to add for either side? I'd like to have a good answer for him.

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  • MouseEvent.CLICK not working? (AS3)

    - by Jake
    ok so here's my code in AS3, I'd like to know why when i actually click on the picture, nothing happens. And if any of you have great tutorial of what to learn after classes/functions in AS3, let me know =D : package { import flash.display.Bitmap; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.display.Shape; import flash.events.MouseEvent; public class Main extends Sprite { [Embed(source="../Pics/Picture.png")] private var HeroClass:Class; private var hero:Bitmap = new HeroClass(); public function Main():void { addChild(hero); hero.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onClick); function onClick(e:MouseEvent):void { trace("hey"); hero.visible = false; } } } }

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  • Two divs, one fixed width, the other, the rest

    - by Shamil
    I've got two div containers. Whilst one needs to be a specific width, I need to adjust it, so that, the other div takes up the rest of the space. Is there any way I can do this? <div class="left"></div> <div class="right"></div> // needs to be 250px .left { float: left; width: 83%; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; min-height: 50px; margin-right: 10px; overflow: auto } .right { float: right; width: 16%; text-align: right; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; min-height: 50px; height: 100%; overflow: auto } Thanks

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  • Notes - Part I - Say Hello from Java

    - by Silviu Turuga
    Sometimes we need to take small notes to remember things, one way to do this is to use stick notes and have them all around our desktop. But what happening if you have a lot of notes and a small office? You'll need a piece of software that will sort things for you and also it will provide you a quick way to retrieve the notes when need. Did I mention that this will keep your desktop clean and also will reduce paper waste? During the next days we'll gonna create an application that will let you manage your notes, put them in different categories etc. I'll show you step by step what do you need to do and finally you'll have the application run on multiple systems, such as Mac, Windows, Linux, etc. The only pre-requisition for this lesson is to have JDK 7 with JavaFX installed and an IDE, preferably NetBeans. I'll call this application Notes…. Part I - Say Hello from Java  From NetBeans go to Files->New Project Chose JavaFX->JavaFX FXML Application Project Name: Notes FXML name: NotesUI Check Create Application Class and name it Main After this the project is created and you'll see the following structure As a best practice I advice you to have your code in your own package instead of the default one. right click on Source Packages and chose New->Java Package name it something like this: com.turuga.notes and click Next after the package is created, select all the 3 files from step #3 and drag them over the new package chose Refactor, as this will make sure all the references are correctly moved inside the new package now you should have the following structure if you'll try to run the project you'll get an error: Unable to find class: Main right click on project name Notes and click properties go to Run and you'll see Application Class set to Main, but because we have defined our own packages, this location has been change, so click on Browse and the correct one appear: com.turuga.notes.Main last modification before running the project is to right click on NotesUI.fxml and chose Edit (if you'll double click it will open in JavaFX Scene Builder) look around line 9 and change fx:controller="NotesUIController" to fx:controller="com.turuga.notes.NotesUIController" now you are ready to run it and you should see the following On the next lesson we'll continue to play with NetBeans and start working on the interface of our project

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  • Re-sizing the form without scaling the GUI

    - by Bmoore
    I am writing a turn based strategy game in C#. My GUI implementation consists of class that extends Form containing a class that extends Panel. When I render the GUI I draw to the paint method in the panel. I am trying to figure out what is the best way for handling form re-size events. I know I want a minimum window size, but I would prefer to not have a maximum or a set size. Ideally the GUI would reveal more/less of the map as the user changes the window size. I would like to avoid scaling the graphics if at all possible. What is the best way to handle re-size events?

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  • Variable number of GUI Buttons

    - by Wakaka
    I have a generic HTML5 Canvas GUI Button class and a Scene class. The Scene class has a method called createButton(), which will create a new Button with onclick parameter and store it in a list of buttons. I call createButton() for all UI buttons when initializing the Scene. Because buttons can appear and disappear very often during rendering, Scene would first deactivate all buttons (temporarily remove their onclick, onmouseover etc property) before each render frame. During rendering, the renderer would then activate the required buttons for that frame. The problem is that part of the UI requires a variable number of buttons, and their onclick, onmouseover etc properties change frequently. An example is a buffs system. The UI will list all buffs as square sprites for the current unit selected, and mousing over each square will bring up a tooltip with some information on the buff. But the number of buffs is variable thus I won't know how many buttons to create at the start. What's the best way to solve this problem? P.S. My game is in Javascript, and I know I can use HTML buttons, but would like to make my game purely Canvas-based. Create buttons on-the-fly during rendering. Thus I will only have buttons when I require them. After the render frame these buttons would be useless and removed. Create a fixed set of buttons that I'm going to assume the number of buffs per unit won't exceed. During each render frame activate the buttons accordingly and set their onmouseover property. Assign a button to each Buff instance. This sounds wrong as the buff button is a part of the GUI which can only have one unit selected. Assigning a button to every single Buff in the game seems to be overkill. Also, I would need to change the button's position every render frame since its order in the unit's list of buffs matter. Any other solutions? I'm actually quite for idea (1) but am worried about the memory/time issues of creating a new Button() object every render frame. But this is in Javascript where object creation is oh-so-common ({} mainly) due to automatic garbage collection. What is your take on this? Thanks!

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  • Increase Availability for Data Center Virtual Environments

    - by Antoinette O'Sullivan
    With Oracle VM, you can increase availability and add flexibility for data center virtual environments. To get started, take training on Oracle VM Server for x86 and Oracle VM Server for SPARC as appropriate for your systems. You can take these live instructor-led courses from your own desk as a live-virtual event or travel to an education center for an in-class event. The Oracle VM Administration: Oracle VM Server for x86 course, in 3 days, teaches you about creating NFS and iSCI repositories, migration, cloning and exercising high availabillity. In-class events already on the schedule include:  Location  Date  Delivery Language  Zagreb, Croatia  11 November 2013  Croatian  Prague, Czech Republic  21 October 2013  Czech  Ballerup, Denmark  26 August 2013  English  Bordeaux, France  18 September 2013  French  Paris, France  9 October 2013  French  Strasbourg, France  11 September 2013  French  Hamburg, Germany  30 Septemeber 2013  German  Munich, Germany  28 October 2013  German  Budapest, Hungary  9 September 2013  Hungarian  Riga, Latvia  30 September 2013  Latvian  Oslo, Norway  16 September 2013  English  Warsaw, Poland  28 October 2013  Polish  Bucharest, Romania  14 October 2013  English  Istanbul, Turkey  23 December 2013  Turkish  Indonesia, Jakarta  19 August 2013  English  Canberra, Australia  4 November 2013  English  Melbourne, Australia  6 November 2013  English  Sydney, Australia  25 November 2013  English  San Francisco, CA, United States  16 September 2013  English  Roseville, MN, United States  21 October 2013  English  St Louis, MO, United States  11 November 2013  English  Reston, VA, United States  31 July 2013  English  Buenos Aires, Argentina  21 August 2013  Spanish The Oracle VM Server for SPARC: Installation and Configuration course, in 2 days, teaches you about configuring control and service domains, creating guest domains, using virtual disks and networks, and migration. In-class events already on the schedule include:  Location  Date  Delivery Language  Budapest, Hungary  12 September 2013  Hungarian  Prague, Czech Republic  9 September 2013  Czech  Colombes, France  7 October 2013  French  Stuttgart, Germany  28 October 2013  German  Madrid, Spain  5 September 2013  Spanish  Istanbul, Turkey 30 September 2013  Turkish   Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 15 August 2013  English   Singapore 5 August 2013  English   Cnaberra, Australia  12 August 2013 English  Melbourne, Australia  30 October 2013 English  Sydney, Australia  26 August 2013 English To register for a course or to learn more about Oracle's virtualization curriculum, go to http://education.oracle.com/virtualization.

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  • Modern workflow / project architecture with PHP

    - by Sprottenwels
    I wonder how one professional developer would design the backend-part of his application. I try to use PHP as seldom as possible and only for data serving/saving purposes. To do so, i would create a module/class for every greater part of my application, then write some single script files which are called by javascript. E.g: User clicks a "retrieve data" button javascript will call retrieveData.php retrieveData.php will create an instance of the needed class, then executes myInstance-retrieve() the data is returned to my JS by retrieveData.php However, i see some disadvantages in this practice: I will need a single scipt file for every action, (e.g retrieveData.php, saveData.php etc) I need a man-in-the-middle step: from JS to my single script, to my classes How are modern applications designed to accomplish what i need to do?

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  • Windows 7 Tips and Tricks: Tweaking the Interface

    By default the look of Windows 7 is an improvement over its predecessors in the Windows operating system lineup. Windows 7 s interface not only looks better it also seems to be more user-friendly with the various features it affords its users. While you can enjoy the latest Windows OS without making any adjustments to it there are plenty of tweaks that can help you change and improve its appearance. This multi-part series will offer up some of the tweaks that you can easily apply to your own PC.... Comcast? Business Class - Official Site Sign Up For Comcast Business Class, Make Your Business a Fast Business

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  • Enemies don't shoot. What is wrong? [closed]

    - by Bryan
    I want that every enemy shoots independently bullets. If an enemy’s bullet left the screen, the enemy can shoot a new bullet. Not earlier. But for the moment, the enemies don't shoot. Not a single bullet. I guess their is something wrong with my Enemy class, but I can't find a bug and I get no error message. What is wrong? public class Map { Texture2D myEnemy, myBullet ; Player Player; List<Enemy> enemieslist = new List<Enemy>(); List<Bullet> bulletslist = new List<Bullet>(); float fNextEnemy = 0.0f; float fEnemyFreq = 3.0f; int fMaxEnemy = 3 ; Vector2 Startposition = new Vector2(200, 200); GraphicsDeviceManager graphicsDevice; public Map(GraphicsDeviceManager device) { graphicsDevice = device; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { myEnemy = content.Load<Texture2D>("enemy"); myBullet = content.Load<Texture2D>("bullet"); Player = new Player(graphicsDevice); Player.Load(content); } public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { Player.Update(gameTime); float delta = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; for(int i = enemieslist.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { // Update Enemy Enemy enemy = enemieslist[i]; enemy.Update(gameTime, this.graphicsDevice, Player.playershape.Position, delta); // Try to remove an enemy if (enemy.Remove == true) { enemieslist.Remove(enemy); enemy.Remove = false; } } this.fNextEnemy += delta; //New enemy if (fMaxEnemy > 0) { if ((this.fNextEnemy >= fEnemyFreq) && (enemieslist.Count < 3)) { Vector2 enemyDirection = Vector2.Normalize(Player.playershape.Position - Startposition) * 100f; enemieslist.Add(new Enemy(Startposition, enemyDirection, Player.playershape.Position)); fMaxEnemy -= 1; fNextEnemy -= fEnemyFreq; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch batch) { Player.Draw(batch); foreach (Enemy enemies in enemieslist) { enemies.Draw(batch, myEnemy); } foreach (Bullet bullets in bulletslist) { bullets.Draw(batch, myBullet); } } } public class Enemy { List<Bullet> bulletslist = new List<Bullet>(); private float nextShot = 0; private float shotFrequency = 2.0f; Vector2 vPos; Vector2 vMove; Vector2 vPlayer; public bool Remove; public bool Shot; public Enemy(Vector2 Pos, Vector2 Move, Vector2 Player) { this.vPos = Pos; this.vMove = Move; this.vPlayer = Player; this.Remove = false; this.Shot = false; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics, Vector2 PlayerPos, float delta) { nextShot += delta; for (int i = bulletslist.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { // Update Bullet Bullet bullets = bulletslist[i]; bullets.Update(gameTime, graphics, delta); // Try to remove a bullet... Collision, hit, or outside screen. if (bullets.Remove == true) { bulletslist.Remove(bullets); bullets.Remove = false; } } if (nextShot >= shotFrequency) { this.Shot = true; nextShot -= shotFrequency; } // Does the enemy shot? if ((Shot == true) && (bulletslist.Count < 1)) // New bullet { Vector2 bulletDirection = Vector2.Normalize(PlayerPos - this.vPos) * 200f; bulletslist.Add(new Bullet(this.vPos, bulletDirection, PlayerPos)); Shot = false; } if (!Remove) { this.vMove = Vector2.Normalize(PlayerPos - this.vPos) * 100f; this.vPos += this.vMove * delta; if (this.vPos.X > graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth + 1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.X < -20) { this.Remove = true; } if (this.vPos.Y > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight + 1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.Y < -20) { this.Remove = true; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch batch, Texture2D myTexture) { if (!Remove) { batch.Draw(myTexture, this.vPos, Color.White); } } } public class Bullet { Vector2 vPos; Vector2 vMove; Vector2 vPlayer; public bool Remove; public Bullet(Vector2 Pos, Vector2 Move, Vector2 Player) { this.Remove = false; this.vPos = Pos; this.vMove = Move; this.vPlayer = Player; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics, float delta) { if (!Remove) { this.vPos += this.vMove * delta; if (this.vPos.X > graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth +1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.X < -20) { this.Remove = true; } if (this.vPos.Y > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight +1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.Y < -20) { this.Remove = true; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, Texture2D myTexture) { if (!Remove) { spriteBatch.Draw(myTexture, this.vPos, Color.White); } } }

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  • Is it dangerous for me to give some of my Model classes Control-like methods?

    - by Pureferret
    In my personal project I have tried to stick to MVC, but I've also been made aware that sticking to MVC too tightly can be a bad thing as it makes writing awkward and forces the flow of the program in odd ways (i.e. some simple functions can be performed by something that normally wouldn't, and avoid MVC related overheads). So I'm beginning to feel justified in this compromise: I have some 'manager programs' that 'own' data and have some way to manipulate it, as such I think they'd count as both part of the model, and part of the control, and to me this feels more natural than keepingthem separate. For instance: One of my Managers is the PlayerCharacterManager that has these methods: void buySkill(PlayerCharacter playerCharacter, Skill skill); void changeName(); void changeRole(); void restatCharacter(); void addCharacterToGame(); void createNewCharacter(); PlayerCharacter getPlayerCharacter(); List<PlayerCharacter> getPlayersCharacter(Player player); List<PlayerCharacter> getAllCharacters(); I hope the mothod names are transparent enough that they don't all need explaining. I've called it a manager because it will help manage all of the PlayerCharacter 'model' objects the code creates, and create and keep a map of these. I may also get it to store other information in the future. I plan to have another two similar classes for this sort of control, but I will orchestrate when and how this happens, and what to do with the returned data via a pure controller class. This splitting up control between informed managers and the controller, as opposed to operating just through a controller seems like it will simplify my code and make it flow more. My question is, is this a dangerous choice, in terms of making the code harder to follow/test/fix? Is this somethign established as good or bad or neutral? I oculdn't find anything similar except the idea of Actors but that's not quite why I'm trying to do. Edit: Perhaps an example is needed; I'm using the Controller to update the view and access the data, so when I click the 'Add new character to a player button' it'll call methods in the controller that then go and tell the PlayerCharacterManager class to create a new character instance, it'll call the PlayerManager class to add that new character to the player-character map, and then it'll add this information to the database, and tell the view to update any GUIs effected. That is the sort of 'control sequence' I'm hoping to create with these manager classes.

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  • Windows 7 Tips and Tricks: Tweaking the Interface

    By default the look of Windows 7 is an improvement over its predecessors in the Windows operating system lineup. Windows 7 s interface not only looks better it also seems to be more user-friendly with the various features it affords its users. While you can enjoy the latest Windows OS without making any adjustments to it there are plenty of tweaks that can help you change and improve its appearance. This multi-part series will offer up some of the tweaks that you can easily apply to your own PC.... Comcast? Business Class - Official Site Sign Up For Comcast Business Class, Make Your Business a Fast Business

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  • Factory for arrays of objects in python

    - by Vorac
    Ok, the title might be a little misleading. I have a Window class that draws widgets inside itself in the constructor. The widgets are all of the same type. So I pass a list of dictionaries, which contain the parameters for each widget. This works quite nicely, but I am worried that the interface to callers is obfuscated. That is, in order to use Window, one has to study the class, construct a correct list of dictionaries, and then call the constructor with only one parameter - widgets_params. Is this good or bad design? What alternatives does the python syntax provide?

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  • Where should I put a method that returns a list of active entries of a table?

    - by darga33
    I have a class named GuestbookEntry that maps to the properties that are in the database table named "guestbook". Very simple! Originally, I had a static method named getActiveEntries() that retrieved an array of all GuestbookEntry objects. Each row in the guestbook table was an object that was added to that array. Then while learning how to properly design PHP classes, I learned some things: Static methods are not desirable. Separation of Concerns Single Responsibility Principle If the GuestbookEntry class should only be responsible for managing single guestbook entries then where should this getActiveEntries() method most properly go? Update: I am looking for an answer that complies with the SOLID acronym principles and allows for test-ability. That's why I want to stay away from static calls/standard functions. DAO, repository, ...? Please explain as though your explanation will be part of "Where to Locate FOR DUMMIES"... :-)

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  • What are some concise and comprehensive introductory guide to unit testing for a self-taught programmer [closed]

    - by Superbest
    I don't have much formal training in programming and I have learned most things by looking up solutions on the internet to practical problems I have. There are some areas which I think would be valuable to learn, but which ended up both being difficult to learn and easy to avoid learning for a self-taught programmer. Unit testing is one of them. Specifically, I am interested in tests in and for C#/.NET applications using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools in Visual Studio 2010 and/or 2012, but I really want a good introduction to the principles so language and IDE shouldn't matter much. At this time I'm interested in relatively trivial tests for small or medium sized programs (development time of weeks or months and mostly just myself developing). I don't necessarily intend to do test-driven development (I am aware that some say unit testing alone is supposed to be for developing features in TDD, and not an assurance that there are no bugs in the software, but unit testing is often the only kind of testing for which I have resources). I have found this tutorial which I feel gave me a decent idea of what unit tests and TDD looks like, but in trying to apply these ideas to my own projects, I often get confused by questions I can't answer and don't know how to answer, such as: What parts of my application and what sorts of things aren't necessarily worth testing? How fine grained should my tests be? Should they test every method and property separately, or work with a larger scope? What is a good naming convention for test methods? (since apparently the name of the method is the only way I will be able to tell from a glance at the test results table what works in my program and what doesn't) Is it bad to have many asserts in one test method? Since apparently VS2012 reports only that "an Assert.IsTrue failed within method MyTestMethod", and if MyTestMethod has 10 Assert.IsTrue statements, it will be irritating to figure out why a test is failing. If a lot of the functionality deals with writing and reading data to/from the disk in a not-exactly trivial fashion, how do I test that? If I provide a bunch of files as input by placing them in the program's directory, do I have to copy those files to the test project's bin/Debug folder now? If my program works with a large body of data and execution takes minutes or more, should my tests have it do the whole use all of the real data, a subset of it, or simulated data? If latter, how do I decide on the subset or how to simulate? Closely related to the previous point, if a class is such that its main operation happens in a state that is arrived to by the program after some involved operations (say, a class makes calculations on data derived from a few thousands of lines of code analyzing some raw data) how do I test just that class without inevitably ending up testing that class and all the other code that brings it to that state along with it? In general, what kind of approach should I use for test initialization? (hopefully that is the correct term, I mean preparing classes for testing by filling them in with appropriate data) How do I deal with private members? Do I just suck it up and assume that "not public = shouldn't be tested"? I have seen people suggest using private accessors and reflection, but these feel like clumsy and unsuited for regular use. Are these even good ideas? Is there anything like design patterns concerning testing specifically? I guess the main themes in what I'd like to learn more about are, (1) what are the overarching principles that should be followed (or at least considered) in every testing effort and (2) what are popular rules of thumb for writing tests. For example, at one point I recall hearing from someone that if a method is longer than 200 lines, it should be refactored - not a universally correct rule, but it has been quite helpful since I'd otherwise happily put hundreds of lines in single methods and then wonder why my code is so hard to read. Similarly I've found ReSharpers suggestions on member naming style and other things to be quite helpful in keeping my codebases sane. I see many resources both online and in print that talk about testing in the context of large applications (years of work, 10s of people or more). However, because I've never worked on such large projects, this context is very unfamiliar to me and makes the material difficult to follow and relate to my real world problems. Speaking of software development in general, advice given with the assumptions of large projects isn't always straightforward to apply to my own, smaller endeavors. Summary So my question is: What are some resources to learn about unit testing, for a hobbyist, self-taught programmer without much formal training? Ideally, I'm looking for a short and simple "bible of unit testing" which I can commit to memory, and then apply systematically by repeatedly asking myself "is this test following the bible of testing closely enough?" and then amending discrepancies if it doesn't.

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  • How should game objects be aware of each other?

    - by Jefffrey
    I find it hard to find a way to organize game objects so that they are polymorphic but at the same time not polymorphic. Here's an example: assuming that we want all our objects to update() and draw(). In order to do that we need to define a base class GameObject which have those two virtual pure methods and let polymorphism kicks in: class World { private: std::vector<GameObject*> objects; public: // ... update() { for (auto& o : objects) o->update(); for (auto& o : objects) o->draw(window); } }; The update method is supposed to take care of whatever state the specific class object needs to update. The fact is that each objects needs to know about the world around them. For example: A mine needs to know if someone is colliding with it A soldier should know if another team's soldier is in proximity A zombie should know where the closest brain, within a radius, is For passive interactions (like the first one) I was thinking that the collision detection could delegate what to do in specific cases of collisions to the object itself with a on_collide(GameObject*). Most of the the other informations (like the other two examples) could just be queried by the game world passed to the update method. Now the world does not distinguish objects based on their type (it stores all object in a single polymorphic container), so what in fact it will return with an ideal world.entities_in(center, radius) is a container of GameObject*. But of course the soldier does not want to attack other soldiers from his team and a zombie doesn't case about other zombies. So we need to distinguish the behavior. A solution could be the following: void TeamASoldier::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<TeamBSoldier*>(e)) // shoot towards enemy } void Zombie::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<Human*>(e)) // go and eat brain } but of course the number of dynamic_cast<> per frame could be horribly high, and we all know how slow dynamic_cast can be. The same problem also applies to the on_collide(GameObject*) delegate that we discussed earlier. So what it the ideal way to organize the code so that objects can be aware of other objects and be able to ignore them or take actions based on their type?

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  • What can I do when the interviewer doesn't know the answer to his/her own question?

    - by bjskishore123
    Yesterday I had a terrible experience in an interview. Interviewer asked me about pure virtual function. I said, It may or may not have definition in base class, but derived classes should provide definition unless they also want to be abstract class. But interviewer kept on asking that "Can pure virtual have definition !!! ???"... I said yes. Again he said "Pure ?" I said yes. It is allowed, derived classes can explicitly call that function if they want that particular behavior. He sent me out. I am sure that he doesn't know the fact that pure virtual function can have definition. How to deal with this kind of Interviewers ? After asking 2nd time, should i lie that it can't have definition ? :) Or i should stick to my words and loose the job opportunity ?

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  • Logic in Entity Components Sytems

    - by aaron
    I'm making a game that uses an Entity/Component architecture basically a port of Artemis's framework to c++,the problem arises when I try to make a PlayerControllerComponent, my original idea was this. class PlayerControllerComponent: Component { public: virtual void update() = 0; }; class FpsPlayerControllerComponent: PlayerControllerComponent { public: void update() { //handle input } }; and have a system that updates PlayerControllerComponents, but I found out that the artemis framework does not look at sub-classes the way I thought it would. So all in all my question here is should I make the framework aware of subclasses or should I add a new Component like object that is used for logic.

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