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• Getting Internet Explorer to Open Different Sets of Tabs Based on the Day of the Week

  - by Akemi Iwaya

  If you have to use Internet Explorer for work and need to open a different set of work-specific tabs every day, is there a quick and easy way to do it instead of opening each one individually? Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. The Question SuperUser reader bobSmith1432 is looking for a quick and easy way to open different daily sets of tabs in Internet Explorer for his work: When I open Internet Explorer on different days of the week, I want different tabs to be opened automatically. I have to run different reports for work each day of the week and it takes a lot of time to open the 5-10 tabs I use to run the reports. It would be a lot faster if, when I open Internet Explorer, the tabs I needed would automatically load and be ready. Is there a way to open 5-10 different tabs in Internet Explorer depending on the day of the week? Example: Monday – 6 Accounting Pages Tuesday – 7 Billing Pages Wednesday – 5 HR Pages Thursday – 10 Schedule Pages Friday – 8 Work Summary/Order Pages Is there an easier way for Bob to get all those tabs to load and be ready to go each day instead of opening them individually every time? The Answer SuperUser contributor Julian Knight has a simple, non-script solution for us: Rather than trying the brute force method, how about a work around? Open up each set of tabs either in different windows, or one set at a time, and save all tabs to bookmark folders. Put the folders on the bookmark toolbar for ease of access. Each day, right-click on the appropriate folder and click on ‘Open in tab group’ to open all the tabs. You could put all the day folders into a top-level folder to save space if you want, but at the expense of an extra click to get to them. If you really must go further, you need to write a program or script to drive Internet Explorer. The easiest way is probably writing a PowerShell script. Special Note: There are various scripts shared on the discussion page as well, so the solution shown above is just one possibility out of many. If you love the idea of using scripts for a function like this, then make sure to browse on over to the discussion page to see the various ones SuperUser members have shared! Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

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• Merge Join component sorted outputs [SSIS]

  - by jamiet

  One question that I have been asked a few times of late in regard to performance tuning SSIS data flows is this: Why isn’t the Merge Join output sorted (i.e.IsSorted=True)? This is a fair question. After all both of the Merge Join inputs are sorted, hence why wouldn’t the output be sorted as well? Well here’s a little secret, the Merge Join output IS sorted! There’s a caveat though – it is only under certain circumstances and SSIS itself doesn’t do a good job of informing you of it. Let’s take a look at an example. Here we have a dataflow that consumes data from the [AdventureWorks2008].[Sales].[SalesOrderHeader] & [AdventureWorks2008].[Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] tables then joins them using a Merge Join component: Let’s take a look inside the editor of the Merge Join: We are joining on the [SalesOrderId] field (which is what the two inputs just happen to be sorted upon). We are also putting [SalesOrderHeader].[SalesOrderId] into the output. Believe it or not the output from this Merge Join component is sorted (i.e. has IsSorted=True) but unfortunately the Merge Join component does not have an Advanced Editor hence it is hidden away from us. There are a couple of ways to prove to you that is the case; I could open up the package XML inside the .dtsx file and show you the metadata but there is an easier way than that – I can attach a Sort component to the output. Take a look: Notice that the Sort component is attempting to sort on the [SalesOrderId] column. This gives us the following warning: Validation warning. DFT Get raw data: {992B7C9A-35AD-47B9-A0B0-637F7DDF93EB}: The data is already sorted as specified so the transform can be removed. The warning proves that the output from the Merge Join is sorted! It must be noted that the Merge Join output will only have IsSorted=True if at least one of the join columns is included in the output. So there you go, the Merge Join component can indeed produce a sorted output and that’s very useful in order to avoid unnecessary expensive Sort operations downstream. Hope this is useful to someone out there! @Jamiet  P.S. Thank you to Bob Bojanic on the SSIS product team who pointed this out to me!

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• Merge Join component sorted outputs [SSIS]

  - by jamiet

  One question that I have been asked a few times of late in regard to performance tuning SSIS data flows is this: Why isn’t the Merge Join output sorted (i.e.IsSorted=True)? This is a fair question. After all both of the Merge Join inputs are sorted, hence why wouldn’t the output be sorted as well? Well here’s a little secret, the Merge Join output IS sorted! There’s a caveat though – it is only under certain circumstances and SSIS itself doesn’t do a good job of informing you of it. Let’s take a look at an example. Here we have a dataflow that consumes data from the [AdventureWorks2008].[Sales].[SalesOrderHeader] & [AdventureWorks2008].[Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] tables then joins them using a Merge Join component: Let’s take a look inside the editor of the Merge Join: We are joining on the [SalesOrderId] field (which is what the two inputs just happen to be sorted upon). We are also putting [SalesOrderHeader].[SalesOrderId] into the output. Believe it or not the output from this Merge Join component is sorted (i.e. has IsSorted=True) but unfortunately the Merge Join component does not have an Advanced Editor hence it is hidden away from us. There are a couple of ways to prove to you that is the case; I could open up the package XML inside the .dtsx file and show you the metadata but there is an easier way than that – I can attach a Sort component to the output. Take a look: Notice that the Sort component is attempting to sort on the [SalesOrderId] column. This gives us the following warning: Validation warning. DFT Get raw data: {992B7C9A-35AD-47B9-A0B0-637F7DDF93EB}: The data is already sorted as specified so the transform can be removed. The warning proves that the output from the Merge Join is sorted! It must be noted that the Merge Join output will only have IsSorted=True if at least one of the join columns is included in the output. So there you go, the Merge Join component can indeed produce a sorted output and that’s very useful in order to avoid unnecessary expensive Sort operations downstream. Hope this is useful to someone out there! @Jamiet  P.S. Thank you to Bob Bojanic on the SSIS product team who pointed this out to me!

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• Is throwing an error in unpredictable subclass-specific circumstances a violation of LSP?

  - by Motti Strom

  Say, I wanted to create a Java List<String> (see spec) implementation that uses a complex subsystem, such as a database or file system, for its store so that it becomes a simple persistent collection rather than an basic in-memory one. (We're limiting it specifically to a List of Strings for the purposes of discussion, but it could extended to automatically de-/serialise any object, with some help. We can also provide persistent Sets, Maps and so on in this way too.) So here's a skeleton implementation: class DbBackedList implements List<String> { private DbBackedList() {} /** Returns a list, possibly non-empty */ public static getList() { return new DbBackedList(); } public String get(int index) { return Db.getTable().getRow(i).asString(); // may throw DbExceptions! } // add(String), add(int, String), etc. ... } My problem lies with the fact that the underlying DB API may encounter connection errors that are not specified in the List interface that it should throw. My problem is whether this violates Liskov's Substitution Principle (LSP). Bob Martin actually gives an example of a PersistentSet in his paper on LSP that violates LSP. The difference is that his newly-specified Exception there is determined by the inserted value and so is strengthening the precondition. In my case the connection/read error is unpredictable and due to external factors and so is not technically a new precondition, merely an error of circumstance, perhaps like OutOfMemoryError which can occur even when unspecified. In normal circumstances, the new Error/Exception might never be thrown. (The caller could catch if it is aware of the possibility, just as a memory-restricted Java program might specifically catch OOME.) Is this therefore a valid argument for throwing an extra error and can I still claim to be a valid java.util.List (or pick your SDK/language/collection in general) and not in violation of LSP? If this does indeed violate LSP and thus not practically usable, I have provided two less-palatable alternative solutions as answers that you can comment on, see below. Footnote: Use Cases In the simplest case, the goal is to provide a familiar interface for cases when (say) a database is just being used as a persistent list, and allow regular List operations such as search, subList and iteration. Another, more adventurous, use-case is as a slot-in replacement for libraries that work with basic Lists, e.g if we have a third-party task queue that usually works with a plain List: new TaskWorkQueue(new ArrayList<String>()).start() which is susceptible to losing all it's queue in event of a crash, if we just replace this with: new TaskWorkQueue(new DbBackedList()).start() we get a instant persistence and the ability to share the tasks amongst more than one machine. In either case, we could either handle connection/read exceptions that are thrown, perhaps retrying the connection/read first, or allow them to throw and crash the program (e.g. if we can't change the TaskWorkQueue code).

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• How to join two collections with LINQ

  - by JustinGreenwood

  Here is a simple and complete example of how to perform joins on two collections with LINQ. I wrote it for a friend to show him, in one simple file, the power of LINQ queries and anonymous objects. In the file below, there are two simple data classes defined: Person and Item. In the beginning of the main method, two collections are created. Note that the Item's OwnerId field reference the PersonId of a Person object. The effect of the LINQ query below is equivalent to a SQL statement looking like this: select Person.PersonName as OwnerName, Item.ItemName as OwnedItem from Person inner join Item on Item.OwnerId = Person.PersonId order by Item.ItemName desc; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; namespace LinqJoinAnonymousObjects { class Program { class Person { public int PersonId { get; set; } public string PersonName { get; set; } } class Item { public string ItemName { get; set; } public int OwnerId { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { // Create two collections: one of people, and another with their possessions. var people = new List<Person> { new Person { PersonId=1, PersonName="Justin" }, new Person { PersonId=2, PersonName="Arthur" }, new Person { PersonId=3, PersonName="Bob" } }; var items = new List<Item> { new Item { OwnerId=1, ItemName="Armor" }, new Item { OwnerId=1, ItemName="Book" }, new Item { OwnerId=2, ItemName="Chain Mail" }, new Item { OwnerId=2, ItemName="Excalibur" }, new Item { OwnerId=3, ItemName="Bubbles" }, new Item { OwnerId=3, ItemName="Gold" } }; // Create a new, anonymous composite result for person id=2. var compositeResult = from p in people join i in items on p.PersonId equals i.OwnerId where p.PersonId == 2 orderby i.ItemName descending select new { OwnerName = p.PersonName, OwnedItem = i.ItemName }; // The query doesn't evaluate until you iterate through the query or convert it to a list Console.WriteLine("[" + compositeResult.GetType().Name + "]"); // Convert to a list and loop through it. var compositeList = compositeResult.ToList(); Console.WriteLine("[" + compositeList.GetType().Name + "]"); foreach (var o in compositeList) { Console.WriteLine("\t[" + o.GetType().Name + "] " + o.OwnerName + " - " + o.OwnedItem); } Console.ReadKey(); } } } The output of the program is below: [WhereSelectEnumerableIterator`2] [List`1] [<>f__AnonymousType1`2] Arthur - Excalibur [<>f__AnonymousType1`2] Arthur - Chain Mail

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• Stop trying to be perfect

  - by Kyle Burns

  Yes, Bob is my uncle too.  I also think the points in the Manifesto for Software Craftsmanship (manifesto.softwarecraftsmanship.org) are all great.  What amazes me is that tend to confuse the term “well crafted” with “perfect”.  I'm about to say something that will make Quality Assurance managers and many development types as well until you think about it as a craftsman – “Stop trying to be perfect”. Now let me explain what I mean.  Building software, as with building almost anything, often involves a series of trade-offs where either one undesired characteristic is accepted as necessary to achieve another desired one (or maybe stave off one that is even less desirable) or a desirable characteristic is sacrificed for the same reasons.  This implies that perfection itself is unattainable.  What is attainable is “sufficient” and I think that this really goes to the heart both of what people are trying to do with Agile and with the craftsmanship movement.  Simply put, sufficient software drives the greatest business value.   I've been in many meetings where “how can we keep anything from ever going wrong” has become the thing that holds us in analysis paralysis.  I've also been the guy trying way too hard to perfect some function to make sure that every edge case is accounted for.  Somewhere in there, something a drill instructor said while I was in boot camp occurred to me.  In response to being asked a question by another recruit having to do with some edge case (I can barely remember the context), he said “What if grasshoppers had machine guns?  Would the birds still **** with them?”  It sounds funny, but there's a lot of wisdom in those words.   “Sufficient” is different for every situation and it’s important to understand what sufficient means in the context of the work you’re doing.  If I’m writing a timesheet application (and please shoot me if I am), I’m going to have a much higher tolerance for imperfection than if you’re writing software to control life support systems on spacecraft.  I’m also likely to have less need for high volume performance than if you’re writing software to control stock trading transactions.   I’d encourage anyone who has read this far to instead of trying to be perfect, try to create software that is sufficient in every way.  If you’re working to make a component that is sufficient “better”, ask yourself if there is any component left that is not yet sufficient.  If the answer is “yes” you’re working on the wrong thing and need to adjust.  If the answer is “no”, why aren’t you shipping and delivering business value?

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• Started wrong with a project. Should I start over?

  - by solidsnake

  I'm a beginner web developer (one year of experience). A couple of weeks after graduating, I got offered a job to build a web application for a company whose owner is not much of a tech guy. He recruited me to avoid theft of his idea, the high cost of development charged by a service company, and to have someone young he can trust onboard to maintain the project for the long run (I came to these conclusions by myself long after being hired). Cocky as I was back then, with a diploma in computer science, I accepted the offer thinking I can build anything. I was calling the shots. After some research I settled on PHP, and started with plain PHP, no objects, just ugly procedural code. Two months later, everything was getting messy, and it was hard to make any progress. The web application is huge. So I decided to check out an MVC framework that would make my life easier. That's where I stumbled upon the cool kid in the PHP community: Laravel. I loved it, it was easy to learn, and I started coding right away. My code looked cleaner, more organized. It looked very good. But again the web application was huge. The company was pressuring me to deliver the first version, which they wanted to deploy, obviously, and start seeking customers. Because Laravel was fun to work with, it made me remember why I chose this industry in the first place - something I forgot while stuck in the shitty education system. So I started working on small projects at night, reading about methodologies and best practice. I revisited OOP, moved on to object-oriented design and analysis, and read Uncle Bob's book Clean Code. This helped me realize that I really knew nothing. I did not know how to build software THE RIGHT WAY. But at this point it was too late, and now I'm almost done. My code is not clean at all, just spaghetti code, a real pain to fix a bug, all the logic is in the controllers, and there is little object oriented design. I'm having this persistent thought that I have to rewrite the whole project. However, I can't do it... They keep asking when is it going to be all done. I can not imagine this code deployed on a server. Plus I still know nothing about code efficiency and the web application's performance. On one hand, the company is waiting for the product and can not wait anymore. On the other hand I can't see myself going any further with the actual code. I could finish up, wrap it up and deploy, but god only knows what might happen when people start using it. What do you think I should do?

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• Syncing client and server CRUD operations using json and php

  - by Justin

  I'm working on some code to sync the state of models between client (being a javascript application) and server. Often I end up writing redundant code to track the client and server objects so I can map the client supplied data to the server models. Below is some code I am thinking about implementing to help. What I don't like about the below code is that this method won't handle nested relationships very well, I would have to create multiple object trackers. One work around is for each server model after creating or loading, simply do $model->clientId = $clientId; IMO this is a nasty hack and I want to avoid it. Adding a setCientId method to all my model object would be another way to make it less hacky, but this seems like overkill to me. Really clientIds are only good for inserting/updating data in some scenarios. I could go with a decorator pattern but auto generating a proxy class seems a bit involved. I could use a generic proxy class that uses a __call function to allow for original object data to be accessed, but this seems wrong too. Any thoughts or comments? $clientData = '[{name: "Bob", action: "update", id: 1, clientId: 200}, {name:"Susan", action:"create", clientId: 131} ]'; $jsonObjs = json_decode($clientData); $objectTracker = new ObjectTracker(); $objectTracker->trackClientObjs($jsonObjs); $query = $this->em->createQuery("SELECT x FROM Application_Model_User x WHERE x.id IN (:ids)"); $query->setParameters("ids",$objectTracker->getClientSpecifiedServerIds()); $models = $query->getResults(); //Apply client data to server model foreach ($models as $model) { $clientModel = $objectTracker->getClientJsonObj($model->getId()); ... } //Create new models and persist foreach($objectTracker->getNewClientObjs() as $newClientObj) { $model = new Application_Model_User(); .... $em->persist($model); $objectTracker->trackServerObj($model); } $em->flush(); $resourceResponse = $objectTracker->createResourceResponse(); //Id mappings will be an associtave array representing server id resources with client side // id. //This method Dosen't seem to flexible if we want to return additional data with each resource... //Would have to modify the returned data structure, seems like tight coupling... //Ex return value: //[{clientId: 200, id:1} , {clientId: 131, id: 33}];

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• Configure IIS7.5 to allow calls to asmx web services.

  - by goodeye

  Hi, I migrated a site from IIS6 to Windows Server 2008 R2 IIS7.5. It has an asmx web service, which is working fine locally, but returns this 500 error when called from another machine: Request format is unrecognized for URL unexpectedly ending in /myMethodName The solution in previous versions is to add this to the web.config for the protocols needed (typically omitting HttpGet for production): <system.web> <webServices> <protocols> <add name="HttpGet" /> <add name="HttpPost" /> <add name="HttpSoap" /> </protocols> </webServices> </system.web> This is posted everywhere, including http://stackoverflow.com/questions/657313/request-format-is-unrecognized-for-url-unexpectedly-ending-in For IIS7.5, this throws a configuration error; I understand this section doesn't belong, but tried it anyway. I also boiled down the asmx call to a simple hello world. I tested with POST also, just to eliminate any issues with GET. What is the equivalent for IIS7.5? - either web.config format or the UI button to push would be really helpful. Thanks, Bob

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• How to generate customized sudoers files in puppet depending on the environment they're deployed to?

  - by gozu

  the sysadmins are present in the sudoers files of all environments, but other sudoers are not. Different environments all have slightly different sudoers. Most of the time, 90% of users are the same, and 10% vary so we cannot have only one sudoers file for everything. Right now, we are using puppet with 10 different files with names like sudoers.production1, sudoers.production2, sudoers.production3, sudoers.testing1, sudoers.staging1 and so forth. Puppet then picks the file to deploy based on the server's $domain (ex: dbserver.staging1.acme.com) or $hardwaremodel. It works fine but it's a nightmare to maintain so many files. I'd like to autogenerate sudoers files based on the server's domain and have only one big file with all the sudoers permissions for all users and all environments. Something that looks like: User_Alias ADMINS = abe, bob, carol, dave case $domain { "staging1.acme.com" { #add dev1,dev2,tester1,tester2 to sudoers file } "testing2.acme.com" { #add tester1, tester3, tester4 to sudoers file } What's the best way to go about this? Suggestions for alternatives are welcome. I'd appreciate any tips. Update 1: For security reasons, we'd rather not concatenate a bunch of files from a folder located on a puppet client in case someone puts a file in there (maliciously or not) and either breaks the combined file or inserts something in it. Most importantly, for usability, we'd like to keep the number of sudoers related files (fragment or complete) on puppet server to either 3 (prod/stage/test) or preferably 1 file. this file would (somehow) generate sudoers files on the puppet server and send one customized file to each puppet client. The purpose of this would be only searching for a username in a single file and removing it quicker than doing it on 11 files. When adding a user to a bunch of environments, it won't be as quick, but only one file would need to be opened and looked at, greatly reducing the chances of an omission. our Sudo version is 1.6.9p8 so we can't use /sudoers.d folder, only a sudoers file.

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• ServerName not working in Apache2 and Ubuntu

  - by CreativeNotice

  Setting up a dev LAMP server and I wish to allow dynamic subdomains, aka ted.servername.com, bob.servername.com. Here's my sites-active file <VirtualHost *:80> # Admin Email, Server Name, Aliases ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName happyslice.net ServerAlias *.happyslice.net # Index file and Document Root DirectoryIndex index.html DocumentRoot /home/sysadmin/public_html/happyslice.net/public # Custom Log file locations LogLevel warn ErrorLog /home/sysadmin/public_html/happyslice.net/log/error.log CustomLog /home/sysadmin/public_html/happyslice.net/log/access.log combined And here's the output from sudo apache2ctl -S VirtualHost configuration: wildcard NameVirtualHosts and default servers: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server happyslice.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost happyslice.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost happyslice.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/happyslice.net:5) Syntax OK The server hostname is srv.happyslice.net. As you can see from apache2ctl when I use happyslice.net I get the default virtual host, when I use a subdomain, I get the happyslice.net host. So the later is working how I want, but the main url does not. I've tried all kinds of variations here, but it appears that ServerName just isn't being tied to the correct location. Thoughts? I'm stumped. FYI, I'm running Apache2.1 and Ubuntu 10.04 LTS

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• cygwin sshd fails to allocate pty for some users

  - by user115851

  I have (finally) got sshd working under cygwin on Win7 - well, sort of. The sshd runs as user 'cyg_server'. I'm able to successfully ssh to my computer using that same user name. However, if I attempt to ssh using my normal (Windows) user name, it fails trying to allocate a pty for my login session. For example, output of 'sshd -D -d -d -d' contains this .. ... debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug2: fd 4 setting O_NONBLOCK debug2: fd 5 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug2: session_new: allocate (allocated 0 max 10) debug3: session_unused: session id 0 unused debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pty1 !!! chown(/dev/pty1, 17308, 10513) failed: Invalid argument debug1: do_cleanup debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pty1 Currently /dev is owned by my normal account. I've tried changing its ownership to cyg_server as well as SYSTEM. In both cases the problem persists. I've also changed permissions for /dev (e.g, 700 and 777) - again problem persists. [As a side note - it is strange that whenever I do 'ls -al /dev' the ptys do not show up. However, if I 'ls -l /dev/ptyX' for a pty I know to exist, it shows up. Is that normal for cygwin?] -Bob Andover, MA

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• Free web-based software for team collaboration/documentation

  - by Jason Antman

  Looking for some advice here, as my search has turned up to be pretty fruitless. My group (9 people - SAs, programmers, and two network guys) is looking for some sort of web tool to... ahem... "facilitate increased collaboration" (we didn't use a buzzword generator, I swear). At the moment, we have an unified ticketing system that's braindead, but is here to stay for political/logistical reasons. We've got 2 wikis ("old" and "new"), neither of which fulfill our needs, and are therefore not used very often. We're looking for a free (as in both cost and open source) web-based tool. Management side: Wants to be able to track project status, who's doing what, whether deadlines are being met, etc. Doesn't want full-fledged "project management" app, just something where we can update "yeah this was done" or "waiting for Bob to configure the widgets". TeamBox (www.teambox.com) was suggested, but it seems almost too gimmicky, and doesn't meet any of the other requirements: Non-management side: - flexible, powerful wiki for all documentation (i.e. includes good tables, easy markup, syntax highlighting, etc.) - good full text search of everything (i.e. type in a hostname and get every instance anyone ever uttered that name) - task lists or ToDo lists, hopefully about to be grouped into a number of "projects" - file uploads - RSS or Atom feeds, email alerts of updates We're open to doing some customizations (adding some features, notification/feeds, searching, SVN integration, etc.) but need something F/OSS that will run under Apache. My conundrum is that most of the choices I've found so far fall into one of these categories: project management/task tracking with poor wiki/documentation/knowledge base support wiki with no task tracking support ticketing system with everything else bolted on (we already have one that we're stuck with) code-centric application (we do little "development", mostly SA work) Any suggestions? Or, lacking that, any comments on which software would be easiest to add the lacking features to (hopefully ending up with something that actually looks good and works well)?

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• Cyrus: In practical terms, how do end users administer their shared mailboxes?

  - by Nick

  Let's say we have four customer service reps: Billy, Bob, Joe, and Tom. Tom is the department manager. There's a shared Customer Service mailbox on the Cyrus server that they all have access to. Tom, as the manager also has administrative privileges for the shared mailbox. They decide they want to create sub-folders a certain way, and Tom creates them. They're all running Thunderbird, so Tom right-clicks the main folder and chooses "New Subfolder". Now Tom has the Subfolders he needs and the other sales reps have... nothing! Because Cyrus created the Subfolders giving Tom "Full Access" permissions, and everyone else gets no access. So how does Tom give the other reps in his department access to the new folders? As far as Cyrus is concerned, Tom has permission to grant others access to his new mailboxes- But as far as I can tell, there's no option in Thunderbird for granting mailbox permissions. An IT staff member should not have to receive a support request every time someone wants to add a Subfolder to a shared mailbox. That's why we make certain users into mailbox admins in the first place! But asking (non-technical) users to SSH into an IMAP server to run cyradm seems like a bad idea too. Certainly someone has found a solution for this dilemma. Perhaps a Thunderbird extension for setting Cyrus permissions? Or something like umask that forces subfolders to have identical permissions to their parents on creation? And related, what about Sieve configuration? Is there anyway that can be done from the client machine too? Thanks, Nick

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• How Can I Make Apache Stop Serving ALL Unknown File Types (like .php~)?

  - by user223304

  I am coming from IIS and moving to Apache and recently found out that Apache by default serves up files of an unknown file extension as PURE TEXT. This can be an issue if a user uses certain programs that back up .php files as .php~. Then the .php~ file becomes completely readable by simply navigating to it in a browser. To make matters worse these .php~ files are often considered 'hidden' in the linux environment from the user so some may not even know they exist. Bots have been created around this fact that scour the internet looking for popular file name backups and extracting potentially secure info from them. I already know how to stop serving up .php~ files or any specific file extensions. I also know not to use any editors that would save backup files like this. My question is, how can I stop this default Apache behavior of serving up ANY non-MIME file type at all? I just don't like the this behavior and would like to stop it. I don't want it serving up .aspx~, .html~, .bob, .carl, no extension or anything else that is not a real MIME type. I know that I can probably go and use a directive to first Deny access to all file types. Then add the ones I want to serve out one by one. But I'm wondering if there's an easier/quicker way. Thanks for any help.

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• How to debug a kernel created using ubuntu-vm-builder?

  - by user265592

  Aim: Trying to perform a code walkthrough of what functions are getting called for sending and receiving packets over the network. I am building a kernel and using gdb for debugging/ tracing purposes. I have build a vm using the following command : time sudo ubuntu-vm-builder qemu precise --arch 'amd64' --mem '1024' --rootsize '4096' --swapsize '1024' --kernel-flavour 'generic' --hostname 'ubuntu' --components 'main' --name 'Bob' --user 'ubuntu' --pass 'ubuntu' --bridge 'br0' --libvirt 'qemu:///system' And I can run the VM successfully in qemu using the following command: qemu-system-x86_64 -smp 1 -drive file=tmpGgEOzK.qcow2 "$@" -net nic -net user -serial stdio -redir tcp:2222::22 Now, I want to debug the kernel using gdb. For this I need an executable with debug symbols(vmlinux), which apparently I don't have, as the vm-builder never asked for any such options and simply created a .qcow2 file. Question 1: Am I taking the correct approach to solve the problem and is there an easier way to do it? Question 2: Is there a way to debug this kernel using GDB? P.S: I don't have hardware support for KVM. Please correct me if I am wrong. Thanks.

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• QMail do not delivery to remote mailboxes for my own domain

  - by lorenzo-s

  Sorry for the title, I don't know how to sum up this situation. I have a web server at mydomain.com, running qmail for website related mail delivery (i.e. newsletter, sign up confirmation, etc). qmail here is used only to send mails, because I have a fully working Google App Gmail associated with mydomain.com for normal email receiving. qmail runs fine when sending email to remote addresses, for example to [email protected], but fails when sending to [email protected]. I think it's because the server thinks that he have to manage mailboxes for mydomain.com locally, instead of redirect them to Gmail. Here is the /var/log/qmail/current for two email: the first one is sent without problems to example.com, second one fails because it's for mydomain.com: 2012-11-15 15:04:11.551933500 new msg 262580 2012-11-15 15:04:11.551936500 info msg 262580: bytes 5604 from <[email protected]> qp 5185 uid 33 2012-11-15 15:04:11.575910500 starting delivery 316: msg 262580 to remote [email protected] 2012-11-15 15:04:11.575912500 status: local 0/10 remote 1/20 2012-11-15 15:04:12.189828500 delivery 316: success: 74.125.136.27_accepted_message./Remote_host_said:_250_2.0.0_OK_1352991894_j49si13055539eep.9/ 2012-11-15 15:04:12.189830500 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20 2012-11-15 15:04:12.189831500 end msg 262580 2012-11-15 16:49:20.270332500 new msg 262580 2012-11-15 16:49:20.270336500 info msg 262580: bytes 2192 from <[email protected]> qp 5479 uid 33 2012-11-15 16:49:20.315125500 starting delivery 323: msg 262580 to local [email protected] 2012-11-15 16:49:20.315128500 status: local 1/10 remote 0/20 2012-11-15 16:49:20.320855500 delivery 323: failure: Sorry,_no_mailbox_here_by_that_name._(#5.1.1)/ 2012-11-15 16:49:20.320858500 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20 2012-11-15 16:49:20.372911500 bounce msg 262580 qp 5484 2012-11-15 16:49:20.372914500 end msg 262580 As you can see, it says: Sorry,_no_mailbox_here_by_that_name I can't say he's wrong :) How to solve this? How to let Google App Gmail manage incoming email for mydomain.com for messages sent by mydomain.com qmail server?

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• Finding the current user authenticated by basic auth (Apache)

  - by jtd

  When you log in through a basic auth page, is the username you authenticated as stored anywhere (on the server or client machine), maybe in an environment variable? Background: I have a common web administration page for an e-mail server and I'd like to know who is doing what. When a user successfully logs in via basic auth, I somehow want to be able to identify them and log their actions. So each time a request is submitted, I can write to a log file. The basic format would be: $username ran a $function against $useraccount so if a user changed someone's permissions, eg: Admin-Bob ran a permission change against User-Scott So if errors occur, I can easily trace back in the log file what actions lead to the cause. I tried checking the %ENV hash to no avail, any Ideas? I don't really want to get into PHP-like sessions, because that would mean scrapping my basic auth, which gives me a fine degree of control already. If I have to code something with sessions, I'd need to implement a system to block users after maximum tries and so on, which I don't really want to code. I think this is better geared towards serverfault because it pertains to Apache moreso than the programming language. Sessions can be done in a myriad of languages.

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• can't register a soft phone to asterisk11

  - by Tom

  I have a VM (on oracle vbox) running Fedora17. I've installed asterisk 11 on it from sources. I've followed the wiki for installation (https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Creating+SIP+Accounts) to the letter. The ip on the VM machine running fedora is 192.168.1.7 and I can ping it from the host machine (Ubuntu 12.04), which is at 192.168.1.2 I've tried registering with ekiga with the following settings: user: [email protected]. Password: verysecretpassword registar: 192.168.1.7 but I'm getting an error "transport fail". Also, while trying to register I'm logged in to the asterisk CLI with verbose level 3 and debug level 4 and nothing appears. some more relevant data: I've added the following code to the end of my sip.conf.sample file: [demo-alice] type=friend host=dynamic secret=verysecretpassword context=users deny=0.0.0.0/0 permit=192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 [demo-bob] type=friend host=dynamic secret=othersecretpassword context=users deny=0.0.0.0/0 permit=192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 After I changed the sip.conf.sample file, I've created a copy of it and named it sip.conf. then I logged in to the asterisk CLI and typed sip reload. Then I'm trying to register and ekiga client from my host machine at 192.168.1.2 but it doesn't work and nothing appears on the asterisk CLI while in verbose mode level 3. BTW, If there is missing information about my question, please don't close it. comment about what you need to know and I'll edit it in to the question. tnx.

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• What are secure ways of sharing a server (ssh+LAMP) with friends?

  - by Bran the Blessed

  What is the best way to share a virtual server with friends? More precisely, I have the following assets: A virtual private server (Debian Lenny) with root access for myself, running... SSH apache2 mysql Some unused disk space Some friends in need of hosting The problem I would now like to do the following: Hosting one or several domains per friend My friends should have full access to their domains, including running PHP scripts, for example My friends should not be able to poke around in other directories The security of my server should not be compromised by faulty PHP scripts To clarify: I do trust my friends in the sense that they are not trying to do something evil with their access. I just do not trust the programs they are going to run. So, what are your recommendations for establishing such a scenario? Partial solution I already came up with the following plan: Add chrooted SSH users for my friends Add Apache vhosts per user (point the directories to subdirectories of the homedirectories, i.e. /home/alice/example.com, /home/bob/example.net, etc. But how can I enforce a chroot-like environment for the scripts they are running within these vhosts? Any pointers would be appreciated.

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• What are the best linux permissions to use for my website?

  - by Nic

  This is a Canonical Question about File Permissions on a Linux web server. I have a Linux web server running Apache2 that hosts several websites. Each website has its own folder in /var/www/. /var/www/contoso.com/ /var/www/contoso.net/ /var/www/fabrikam.com/ The base directory /var/www/ is owned by root:root. Apache is running as www-data:www-data. The Fabrikam website is maintained by two developers, Alice and Bob. Both Contoso websites are maintained by one developer, Eve. All websites allow users to upload images. If a website is compromised, the impact should be as limited as possible. I want to know the best way to set up permissions so that Apache can serve the content, the website is secure from attacks, and the developers can still make changes. One of the websites is structured like this: /var/www/fabrikam.com /cache /modules /styles /uploads /index.php How should the permissions be set on these directories and files? I read somewhere that you should never use 777 permissions on a website, but I don't understand what problems that could cause. During busy periods, the website automatically caches some pages and stores the results in the cache folder. All of the content submitted by website visitors is saved to the uploads folder.

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• EVENT RECAP: Oracle Day & Product Fair - Ft. Lauderdale

  - by cwarticki

  Are you attending any of the Oracle Days and other Events? They are fantastic!  Keep track of the Oracle Events by following @OracleEvents on Twitter.  Also, stay in the know by subscribing to one of the several Oracle Newsletters. Those will also keep you posted of upcoming in-person and webcast events. From the Oracle Events website, simply navigate to your geography and refine your options to locate what interests you. You can also perform keyword searches. Today, I had the opportunity to participate in the Oracle Day & Product Fair in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida  Thanks to those who stopped by to ask your support questions and watched me demo My Oracle Support features and best practices. (Bob Stanoch, Sales Consulting Manager giving the 2nd keynote address on Exadata below) Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} It was a pleasant surprise to run into my former Oracle colleague Josh Tieso.  Josh (pictured right) is Sr. Oracle DBA at United Healthcare. He used to work for Oracle Support years ago but for the last 6 years at UHC. Josh is a member of the ERP DBA team, working with Exalogic, Oracle ERP R12, & RAC. Along the exhibit/vendor row, I met with Marco Gangano, National Sales Manager at Mythics. It was great getting to meet Marco and I look forward to working with his company with regards to Support Best Practices. In addition, Lissette Paez (left) was representing TAM Training.  TAM Training is an Oracle University, award-winning training partner.  They cover training across the scope of Oracle products with 7 facilities in the U.S.  Lissette and I have done a couple of these Oracle Days before.  It's great to see familiar faces.  A little while ago, I was down in this area to work with Citrix with an onsite session on Support Best Practices.  Pablo Leon and Alberto Gonzalez (right)came to chat with me over at the Support booth.  They wanted to know when I was giving my session.  Unfortunately, not this time guys. I'm on booth duty only. Keep in touch. Many thanks to our sponsors: BIAS, Cloudera, Intel and TekStream Solutions.Come attend one of the many Oracle Days & other events planned for you. -Chris WartickiGlobal Customer Management

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• Last GUID used up - new ScottGuID unique ID to replace it

  - by Eilon

  You might have heard in recent news that the last ever GUID was used up. The GUID {FFFFFFFF-FFFF-FFFF-FFFF-FFFFFFFFFFFF} was just consumed by a soon to be released project at Microsoft. Immediately after the GUID's creation the word spread around the Microsoft campuses around the globe. Microsoft's approximately 100,000 worldwide employees then started blogging, tweeting, and facebooking about the dubious "achievement." The following screenshot shows GUIDGEN (the Windows tool for creating GUIDs) with the last ever GUID. All GUIDs created by projects at Microsoft must be registered in a central repository for record keeping. This allows quick-fix engineers, security engineers, anti-malware developers, and testers to do a quick look up of an unknown GUID and find out if it belongs to Microsoft. The following screenshot shows the Microsoft GUID Tracker internal application and the last few GUIDs being used up by various Microsoft projects. What is perhaps more interesting than the news about the GUID is the project that used that last GUID. The recent announcements regarding the development experience for the Windows Phone 7 Series (WP7S) all involve free editions of Visual Studio 2010. One of the lesser known developer tools is based on a resurrected project that many of you are probably familiar with, but have never used. The tool is in fact Microsoft Bob 7 Series (MB7S). MB7S is an agent-based approach for mobile phone app development. The UI incorporates both natural language interfaces and motion gesture behaviors, similar to the Windows Phone 7 Series “Metro” interface. If it works, it will help to expand the breadth of mobile app developers. After the GUID: The ScottGuID It came as no big surprise that eventually the last GUID would be used up. Knowing this, a group of engineers at Microsoft has designed, implemented, and tested a replacement to the GUID: The ScottGuID. There are several core principles of the ScottGuID: 1. The concepts used in ScottGuIDs must be easily understood by a developer who is already familiar with GUIDs 2. There must exist a compatibility layer between ScottGuIDs and GUIDs 3. A ScottGuID must be usable in a practical manner in non-computing environments 4. There must exist ScottGuID APIs for all common platforms: Win32/Win64/WinCE, .NET (incl. Silverlight), Linux, FreeBSD, MacOS (incl. iPhone OS), Symbian, RIM BlackBerry, Google Android, etc. 5. ScottGuIDs must never run out ScottGuID use cases One of the more subtle principles of the ScottGuID is principle #3. While technically a GUID could be used in any environment, it was not practical to do so in terms of data entry and error detection. In order to have the ScottGuID be a true universal ID it must be usable in non-computing environments. Prior to the announcement of the ScottGuID there have been a number of until-now confidential projects. One of the tools that will soon become public is ScottGuIDGen, which is in essence an updated version of GUIDGEN that can create ScottGuIDs. The following screenshot shows a sample ScottGuID. To demonstrate the various applications of the ScottGuID there were test deployments around the globe. The following examples are a small showcase of the applications that have already been prototyped. Log in to Hotmail: Pay for gas: Sign in to Twitter: Dispense cat food: Conclusion I hope that this brief introduction to the ScottGuID shows how technology can continue to move forward, even when it appears there is a point that cannot be passed. With a small number of principles, a team of smart engineers, and a passion for "getting it right" the ScottGuID should last well past our lifetimes. In the coming months expect further announcements regarding additional developer tools, samples, whitepapers, podcasts, and videos. Please leave a comment on this post if you have any questions about the ScottGuID or what you would like to see us do with it. With ScottGuID, the possibilities are nearly endless and we want to stretch their reach as far as possible.

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• Who should ‘own’ the Enterprise Architecture?

  - by Michael Glas

  I recently had a discussion around who should own an organization’s Enterprise Architecture. It was spawned by an article titled “Busting CIO Myths” in CIO magazine1 where the author interviewed Jeanne Ross, director of MIT's Center for Information Systems Research and co-author of books on enterprise architecture, governance and IT value.In the article Jeanne states that companies need to acknowledge that "architecture says everything about how the company is going to function, operate, and grow; the only person who can own that is the CEO". "If the CEO doesn't accept that role, there really can be no architecture."The first question that came up when talking about ownership was whether you are talking about a person, role, or organization (there are pros and cons to each, but in general, I like to assign accountability to as few people as possible). After much thought and discussion, I came to the conclusion that we were answering the wrong question. Instead of talking about ownership we were talking about responsibility and accountability, and the answer varies depending on the particular role of the organization’s Enterprise Architecture and the activities of the enterprise architect(s).Instead of looking at just who owns the architecture, think about what the person/role/organization should do. This is one possible scenario (thanks to Bob Covington): The CEO should own the Enterprise Strategy which guides the business architecture. The Business units should own the business processes and information which guide the business, application and information architectures. The CIO should own the technology, IT Governance and the management of the application and information architectures/implementations. The EA Governance Team owns the EA process.  If EA is done well, the governance team consists of both IT and the business. While there are many more roles and responsibilities than listed here, it starts to provide a clearer understanding of ‘ownership’. Now back to Jeanne’s statement that the CEO should own the architecture. If you agree with the statement about what the architecture is (and I do agree), then ultimately the CEO does need to own it. However, what we ended up with was not really ownership, but more statements around roles and responsibilities tied to aspects of the enterprise architecture. You can debate the semantics of ownership vs. responsibility and accountability, but in the end the important thing is to come to a clearer understanding that is easily communicated (and hopefully measured) around the question “Who owns the Enterprise Architecture”.The next logical step . . . create a RACI matrix that details the findings . . . but that is a step that each organization needs to do on their own as it will vary based on current EA maturity, company culture, and a variety of other factors. Who ‘owns’ the Enterprise Architecture in your organization? 1 CIO Magazine Article (Busting CIO Myths): http://www.cio.com/article/704943/Busting_CIO_Myths Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

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• F# in ASP.NET, mathematics and testing

  - by DigiMortal

  Starting from Visual Studio 2010 F# is full member of .NET Framework languages family. It is functional language with syntax specific to functional languages but I think it is time for us also notice and study functional languages. In this posting I will show you some examples about cool things other people have done using F#. F# and ASP.NET As I am ASP/ASP.NET MVP I am – of course – interested in how people use different languages and technologies with ASP.NET. C# MVP Tomáš Petrícek writes about developing ASP.NET MVC applications using F#. He also shows how to use LINQ To SQL in F# (using F# PowerPack) and provides sample solution and Visual Studio 2010 template for F# MVC web applications. You may also find interesting how you can create controllers in F#. Excellent work, Tomáš! Vladimir Matveev has interesting example about how to use F# and ApplicationHost class to process ASP.NET requests ouside of IIS. This is simple and very straight-forward example and I strongly suggest you to take a look at it. Very cool example is project Strom in Codeplex. Storm is web services testing tool that is fully written on F#. Take a look at this site because Codeplex offers also source code besides binaries. Math Functional languages are strong in fields like mathematics and physics. When I wrote my C# example about BigInteger class I found out that recursive version of Fibonacci algorithm in C# is not performing well. In same time I made same experiment on F# and in F# there were no performance problems with recursive version. You can find F# version of Fibonacci algorithm from Bob Palmer’s blog posting Fibonacci numbers in F#. Although golden spiral is useful for solving many problems I looked for some practical code example and found one. Kean Walmsley published in his Through the Interface blog very interesting posting Creating Fibonacci spirals in AutoCAD using F#. There are also other cool examples you may be interested in. Using numerical components by Extreme Optimization  it is possible to make some numerical integration (quadrature method) using F# (also C# example is available). fsharp.it introduces factorials calculation on F#. Robert Pickering has made very good work on programming The Game of Life in Silverlight and F# – I definitely suggest you to try out this example as it is very illustrative too. Who wants something more complex may take a look at Newton basin fractal example in F# by Jonathan Birge. Testing After some searching and surfing I found out that there is almost everything available for F# to write tests and test your F# code. FsCheck - FsCheck is a port of Haskell's QuickCheck. Important parts of the manual for using FsCheck is almost literally "adapted" from the QuickCheck manual and paper. Any errors and omissions are entirely my responsibility. FsTest - This project is designed to Language Oriented Programming constructs around unit testing and behavior testing in F#. The goal of this project is to create a Domain Specific Language for testing F# code in a way that makes sense for functional programming. FsUnit - FsUnit makes unit-testing with F# more enjoyable. It adds a special syntax to your favorite .NET testing framework. xUnit.NET - xUnit.net is a developer testing framework, built to support Test Driven Development, with a design goal of extreme simplicity and alignment with framework features. It is compatible with .NET Framework 2.0 and later, and offers several runners: console, GUI, MSBuild, and Visual Studio integration via TestDriven.net, CodeRush Test Runner and Resharper. It also offers test project integration for ASP.NET MVC. Getting started Well, as a first thing you need Visual Studio 2010. Then take a look at these resources: F# samples @ MSDN Microsoft F# Developer Center @ MSDN F# Language Reference @ MSDN F# blog F# forums Real World Functional Programming: With Examples in F# and C# (Amazon) Happy F#-ing! :)

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