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• Multi-threaded random_r is slower than single threaded version.

  - by Nixuz

  The following program is essentially the same the one described here. When I run and compile the program using two threads (NTHREADS == 2), I get the following run times: real 0m14.120s user 0m25.570s sys 0m0.050s When it is run with just one thread (NTHREADS == 1), I get run times significantly better even though it is only using one core. real 0m4.705s user 0m4.660s sys 0m0.010s My system is dual core, and I know random_r is thread safe and I am pretty sure it is non-blocking. When the same program is run without random_r and a calculation of cosines and sines is used as a replacement, the dual-threaded version runs in about 1/2 the time as expected. #include <pthread.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #define NTHREADS 2 #define PRNG_BUFSZ 8 #define ITERATIONS 1000000000 void* thread_run(void* arg) { int r1, i, totalIterations = ITERATIONS / NTHREADS; for (i = 0; i < totalIterations; i++){ random_r((struct random_data*)arg, &r1); } printf("%i\n", r1); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { struct random_data* rand_states = (struct random_data*)calloc(NTHREADS, sizeof(struct random_data)); char* rand_statebufs = (char*)calloc(NTHREADS, PRNG_BUFSZ); pthread_t* thread_ids; int t = 0; thread_ids = (pthread_t*)calloc(NTHREADS, sizeof(pthread_t)); /* create threads */ for (t = 0; t < NTHREADS; t++) { initstate_r(random(), &rand_statebufs[t], PRNG_BUFSZ, &rand_states[t]); pthread_create(&thread_ids[t], NULL, &thread_run, &rand_states[t]); } for (t = 0; t < NTHREADS; t++) { pthread_join(thread_ids[t], NULL); } free(thread_ids); free(rand_states); free(rand_statebufs); } I am confused why when generating random numbers the two threaded version performs much worse than the single threaded version, considering random_r is meant to be used in multi-threaded applications.

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• What is the best approach in SQL to store multi-level descriptions?

  - by gime

  I need a new perspective on how to design a reliable and efficient SQL database to store multi-level arrays of data. This problem applies to many situations but I came up with this example: There are hundreds of products. Each product has an undefined number of parts. Each part is built from several elements. All products are described in the same way. All parts would require the same fields to describe them (let's say: price, weight, part name), all elements of all parts also have uniform design (for example: element code, manufacturer). Plain and simple. One element may be related to only part, and each part is related to one product only. I came up with idea of three tables: Products: -------------------------------------------- prod_id prod_name prod_price prod_desc 1 hoover 120 unused next Parts: ---------------------------------------------------- part_id part_name part_price part_weight prod_id 3 engine 10 20 1 and finally Elements: --------------------------------------- el_id el_code el_manufacturer part_id 1 BFG12 GE 3 Now, select a desired product, select all from PARTS where prod_id is the same, and then select all from ELEMENTS where part_id matches - after multiple queries you've got all data. I'm just not sure if this is the right approach. I've got also another idea, without ELEMENTS table. That would decrease queries but I'm a bit afraid it might be lame and bad practice. Instead of ELEMENTS table there are two more fields in the PARTS table, so it looks like this: part_id, part_name, part_price, part_weight, prod_id, part_el_code, part_el_manufacturer they would be text type, and for each part, information about elements would be stored as strings, this way: part_el_code | code_of_element1; code_of_element2; code_of_element3 part_el_manufacturer | manuf_of_element1; manuf_of_element2; manuf_of_element3 Then all we need is to explode() data from those fields, and we get arrays, easy to display. Of course this is not perfect and has some limitations, but is this idea ok? Or should I just go with the first idea? Or maybe there is a better approach to this problem? It's really hard to describe it in few words, and that means it's hard to search for answer. Also, understanding the principles of designing databases is not that easy as it seems.

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• Plugin jQuery da Microsoft para Globalização

  - by Leniel Macaferi

  No mês passado eu escrevi sobre como a Microsoft está começando a fazer contribuições de código para a jQuery (em Inglês), e sobre algumas das primeiras contribuições de código nas quais estávamos trabalhando: Suporte para Templates jQuery e Linkagem de Dados (em Inglês). Hoje, lançamos um protótipo de um novo plugin jQuery para Globalização que te permite adicionar suporte à globalização/internacionalização para as suas aplicações JavaScript. Este plugin inclui informações de globalização para mais de 350 culturas que vão desde o Gaélico Escocês, o Frísio, Húngaro, Japonês, e Inglês Canadense. Nós estaremos lançando este plugin para a comunidade em um formato de código livre. Você pode baixar nosso protótipo do plugin jQuery para Globalização a partir do nosso repositório Github: http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob Você também pode baixar um conjunto de exemplos que demonstram alguns simples casos de uso com ele aqui. Entendendo Globalização O plugin jQuery para Globalização permite que você facilmente analise e formate números, moedas e datas para diferentes culturas em JavaScript. Por exemplo, você pode usar o plugin de globalização para mostrar o símbolo da moeda adequado para uma cultura: Você também pode usar o plugin de globalização para formatar datas para que o dia e o mês apareçam na ordem certa e para que os nomes dos dias e meses sejam corretamente traduzidos: Observe acima como o ano Árabe é exibido como 1431. Isso ocorre porque o ano foi convertido para usar o calendário Árabe. Algumas diferenças culturais, tais como moeda diferente ou nomes de meses, são óbvias. Outras diferenças culturais são surpreendentes e sutis. Por exemplo, em algumas culturas, o agrupamento de números é feito de forma irregular. Na cultura "te-IN" (Telugu na Índia), grupos possuem 3 dígitos e, em seguida, dois dígitos. O número 1000000 (um milhão) é escrito como "10,00,000". Algumas culturas não agrupam os números. Todas essas sutis diferenças culturais são tratadas pelo plugin de Globalização da jQuery automaticamente. Pegar as datas corretamente pode ser especialmente complicado. Diferentes culturas têm calendários diferentes, como o Gregoriano e os calendários UmAlQura. Uma única cultura pode até mesmo ter vários calendários. Por exemplo, a cultura Japonesa usa o calendário Gregoriano e um calendário Japonês que possui eras com nomes de imperadores Japoneses. O plugin de Globalização inclui métodos para a conversão de datas entre todos estes diferentes calendários. Usando Tags de Idioma O plugin de Globalização da jQuery utiliza as tags de idioma definidas nos padrões das RFCs 4646 e 5646 para identificar culturas (veja http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5646). Uma tag de idioma é composta por uma ou mais subtags separadas por hífens. Por exemplo: Tag do Idioma Nome do Idioma (em Inglês) en-UA English (Australia) en-BZ English (Belize) en-CA English (Canada) Id Indonesian zh-CHS Chinese (Simplified) Legacy Zu isiZulu Observe que um único idioma, como o Inglês, pode ter várias tags de idioma. Falantes de Inglês no Canadá formatam números, moedas e datas usando diferentes convenções daquelas usadas pelos falantes de Inglês na Austrália ou nos Estados Unidos. Você pode encontrar a tag de idioma para uma cultura específica usando a Language Subtag Lookup Tool (Ferramenta de Pesquisa de Subtags de Idiomas) em: http://rishida.net/utils/subtags/ O download do plugin de Globalização da jQuery inclui uma pasta chamada globinfo que contém as informações de cada uma das 350 culturas. Na verdade, esta pasta contém mais de 700 arquivos, porque a pasta inclui ambas as versões minified (tamanho reduzido) e não-minified de cada arquivo. Por exemplo, a pasta globinfo inclui arquivos JavaScript chamados jQuery.glob.en-AU.js para o Inglês da Austrália, jQuery.glob.id.js para o Indonésio, e jQuery.glob.zh-CHS para o Chinês (simplificado) Legacy. Exemplo: Definindo uma Cultura Específica Imagine que te pediram para criar um site em Alemão e que querem formatar todas as datas, moedas e números usando convenções de formatação da cultura Alemã de maneira correta em JavaScript no lado do cliente. O código HTML para a página pode ser igual a este: Observe as tags span acima. Elas marcam as áreas da página que desejamos formatar com o plugin de Globalização. Queremos formatar o preço do produto, a data em que o produto está disponível, e as unidades do produto em estoque. Para usar o plugin de Globalização da jQuery, vamos adicionar três arquivos JavaScript na página: a biblioteca jQuery, o plugin de Globalização da jQuery, e as informações de cultura para um determinado idioma: Neste caso, eu estaticamente acrescentei o arquivo JavaScript jQuery.glob.de-DE.js que contém as informações para a cultura Alemã. A tag de idioma "de-DE" é usada para o Alemão falado na Alemanha. Agora que eu tenho todos os scripts necessários, eu posso usar o plugin de Globalização para formatar os valores do preço do produto, data disponível, e unidades no estoque usando o seguinte JavaScript no lado do cliente: O plugin de Globalização jQuery amplia a biblioteca jQuery com novos métodos - incluindo novos métodos chamados preferCulture() e format(). O método preferCulture() permite que você defina a cultura padrão utilizada pelos métodos do plugin de Globalização da jQuery. Observe que o método preferCulture() aceita uma tag de idioma. O método irá buscar a cultura mais próxima que corresponda à tag do idioma. O método $.format() é usado para formatar os valores monetários, datas e números. O segundo parâmetro passado para o método $.format() é um especificador de formato. Por exemplo, passar um "c" faz com que o valor seja formatado como moeda. O arquivo LeiaMe (ReadMe) no github detalha o significado de todos os diferentes especificadores de formato: http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob Quando abrimos a página em um navegador, tudo está formatado corretamente de acordo com as convenções da língua Alemã. Um símbolo do euro é usado para o símbolo de moeda. A data é formatada usando nomes de dia e mês em Alemão. Finalmente, um ponto, em vez de uma vírgula é usado como separador numérico: Você pode ver um exemplo em execução da abordagem acima com o arquivo 3_GermanSite.htm neste download de amostras. Exemplo: Permitindo que um Usuário Selecione Dinamicamente uma Cultura No exemplo anterior, nós explicitamente dissemos que queríamos globalizar em Alemão (referenciando o arquivo jQuery.glob.de-DE.js). Vamos agora olhar para o primeiro de alguns exemplos que demonstram como definir dinamicamente a cultura da globalização a ser usada. Imagine que você deseja exibir uma lista suspensa (dropdown) de todas as 350 culturas em uma página. Quando alguém escolhe uma cultura a partir da lista suspensa, você quer que todas as datas da página sejam formatadas usando a cultura selecionada. Aqui está o código HTML para a página: Observe que todas as datas estão contidas em uma tag <span> com um atributo data-date (atributos data-* são um novo recurso da HTML 5, que convenientemente também ainda funcionam com navegadores mais antigos). Nós vamos formatar a data representada pelo atributo data-date quando um usuário selecionar uma cultura a partir da lista suspensa. A fim de mostrar as datas para qualquer cultura disponível, vamos incluir o arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js igual a seguir: O plugin de Globalização da jQuery inclui um arquivo JavaScript chamado jQuery.glob.all.js. Este arquivo contém informações de globalização para todas as mais de 350 culturas suportadas pelo plugin de Globalização. Em um tamanho de 367 KB minified (reduzido), esse arquivo não é pequeno. Devido ao tamanho deste arquivo, a menos que você realmente precise usar todas essas culturas, ao mesmo tempo, recomendamos que você adicione em uma página somente os arquivos JavaScript individuais para as culturas específicas que você pretende suportar, ao invés do arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js combinado. No próximo exemplo, eu vou mostrar como carregar dinamicamente apenas os arquivos de idioma que você precisa. A seguir, vamos preencher a lista suspensa com todas as culturas disponíveis. Podemos usar a propriedade $.cultures para obter todas as culturas carregadas: Finalmente, vamos escrever o código jQuery que pega cada elemento span com um atributo data-date e formataremos a data: O método parseDate() do plugin de Globalização da jQuery é usado para converter uma representação de uma data em string para uma data JavaScript. O método format() do plugin é usado para formatar a data. O especificador de formato "D" faz com que a data a ser formatada use o formato de data longa. E agora, o conteúdo será globalizado corretamente, independentemente de qual das 350 línguas o usuário que visita a página selecione. Você pode ver um exemplo em execução da abordagem acima com o arquivo 4_SelectCulture.htm neste download de amostras. Exemplo: Carregando Arquivos de Globalização Dinamicamente Conforme mencionado na seção anterior, você deve evitar adicionar o arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js em uma página, sempre que possível, porque o arquivo é muito grande. Uma melhor alternativa é carregar as informações de globalização que você precisa dinamicamente. Por exemplo, imagine que você tenha criado uma lista suspensa que exibe uma lista de idiomas: O seguinte código jQuery é executado sempre que um usuário seleciona um novo idioma na lista suspensa. O código verifica se o arquivo associado com a globalização do idioma selecionado já foi carregado. Se o arquivo de globalização ainda não foi carregado, o arquivo de globalização é carregado dinamicamente, tirando vantagem do método $.getScript() da jQuery. O método globalizePage() é chamado depois que o arquivo de globalização solicitado tenha sido carregado, e contém o código do lado do cliente necessário para realizar a globalização. A vantagem dessa abordagem é que ela permite evitar o carregamento do arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js inteiro. Em vez disso você só precisa carregar os arquivos que você vai usar e você não precisa carregar os arquivos mais de uma vez. O arquivo 5_Dynamic.htm neste download de amostras demonstra como implementar esta abordagem. Exemplo: Definindo o Idioma Preferido do Usuário Automaticamente Muitos sites detectam o idioma preferido do usuário a partir das configurações de seu navegador e as usam automaticamente quando globalizam o conteúdo. Um usuário pode definir o idioma preferido para o seu navegador. Então, sempre que o usuário solicita uma página, esta preferência de idioma está incluída no pedido no cabeçalho Accept-Language. Quando você usa o Microsoft Internet Explorer, você pode definir o seu idioma preferido, seguindo estes passos: Selecione a opção do menu Ferramentas, Opções da Internet. Selecione a guia/tab Geral. Clique no botão Idiomas na seção Aparência. Clique no botão Adicionar para adicionar um novo idioma na lista de idiomas. Mova seu idioma preferido para o topo da lista. Observe que você pode listar múltiplos idiomas na janela de diálogo de Preferências de Idioma. Todas estas línguas são enviadas na ordem em que você as listou no cabeçalho Accept-Language: Accept-Language: fr-FR,id-ID;q=0.7,en-US;q= 0.3 Estranhamente, você não pode recuperar o valor do cabeçalho Accept-Language a partir do código JavaScript no lado do cliente. O Microsoft Internet Explorer e o Mozilla Firefox suportam um grupo de propriedades relacionadas a idiomas que são expostas pelo objeto window.navigator, tais como windows.navigator.browserLanguage e window.navigator.language, mas essas propriedades representam tanto o idioma definido para o sistema operacional ou a linguagem de edição do navegador. Essas propriedades não permitem que você recupere o idioma que o usuário definiu como seu idioma preferido. A única maneira confiável para se obter o idioma preferido do usuário (o valor do cabeçalho Accept-Language) é escrever código no lado do servidor. Por exemplo, a seguinte página ASP.NET tira vantagem da propriedade do servidor Request.UserLanguages para atribuir o idioma preferido do usuário para uma variável JavaScript no lado do cliente chamada AcceptLanguage (a qual então permite que você acesse o valor usando código JavaScript no lado do cliente): Para que este código funcione, as informações de cultura associadas ao valor de acceptLanguage devem ser incluídas na página. Por exemplo, se a cultura preferida de alguém é fr-FR (Francês na França) então você precisa incluir tanto o arquivo jQuery.glob.fr-FR.js ou o arquivo jQuery.glob.all.js na página; caso contrário, as informações de cultura não estarão disponíveis. O exemplo "6_AcceptLanguages.aspx" neste download de amostras demonstra como implementar esta abordagem. Se as informações de cultura para o idioma preferido do usuário não estiverem incluídas na página, então, o método $.preferCulture() voltará a usar a cultura neutra (por exemplo, passará a usar jQuery.glob.fr.js ao invés de jQuery.glob.fr-FR.js). Se as informações da cultura neutra não estiverem disponíveis, então, o método $.preferCulture() retornará para a cultura padrão (Inglês). Exemplo: Usando o Plugin de Globalização com o jQuery UI DatePicker (Selecionador de Datas da jQuery) Um dos objetivos do plugin de Globalização é tornar mais fácil construir widgets jQuery que podem ser usados com diferentes culturas. Nós queríamos ter certeza de que o plugin de Globalização da jQuery pudesse funcionar com os plugins de UI (interface do usuário) da jQuery, como o plugin DatePicker. Para esse fim, criamos uma versão corrigida do plugin DatePicker que pode tirar proveito do plugin de Globalização na renderização de um calendário. A imagem a seguir ilustra o que acontece quando você adiciona o plugin de Globalização jQuery e o plugin DatePicker da jQuery corrigido em uma página e seleciona a cultura da Indonésia como preferencial: Note que os cabeçalhos para os dias da semana são exibidos usando abreviaturas dos nomes dos dias referentes ao idioma Indonésio. Além disso, os nomes dos meses são exibidos em Indonésio. Você pode baixar a versão corrigida do jQuery UI DatePicker no nosso site no github. Ou você pode usar a versão incluída neste download de amostras e usada pelo arquivo de exemplo 7_DatePicker.htm. Sumário Estou animado com a nossa participação contínua na comunidade jQuery. Este plugin de Globalização é o terceiro plugin jQuery que lançamos. Nós realmente apreciamos todos os ótimos comentários e sugestões sobre os protótipos do Suporte para Templates jQuery e Linkagem de Dados que lançamos mais cedo neste ano. Queremos também agradecer aos times da jQuery e jQuery UI por trabalharem conosco na criação deses plugins. Espero que isso ajude, Scott P.S. Além do blog, eu também estou agora utilizando o Twitter para atualizações rápidas e para compartilhar links. Você pode me acompanhar em: twitter.com/scottgu   Texto traduzido do post original por Leniel Macaferi.

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: The Concurrent Collections (1 of 3)

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again we consider some of the lesser known classes and keywords of C#.  In the next few weeks, we will discuss the concurrent collections and how they have changed the face of concurrent programming. This week’s post will begin with a general introduction and discuss the ConcurrentStack<T> and ConcurrentQueue<T>.  Then in the following post we’ll discuss the ConcurrentDictionary<T> and ConcurrentBag<T>.  Finally, we shall close on the third post with a discussion of the BlockingCollection<T>. For more of the "Little Wonders" posts, see the index here. A brief history of collections In the beginning was the .NET 1.0 Framework.  And out of this framework emerged the System.Collections namespace, and it was good.  It contained all the basic things a growing programming language needs like the ArrayList and Hashtable collections.  The main problem, of course, with these original collections is that they held items of type object which means you had to be disciplined enough to use them correctly or you could end up with runtime errors if you got an object of a type you weren't expecting. Then came .NET 2.0 and generics and our world changed forever!  With generics the C# language finally got an equivalent of the very powerful C++ templates.  As such, the System.Collections.Generic was born and we got type-safe versions of all are favorite collections.  The List<T> succeeded the ArrayList and the Dictionary<TKey,TValue> succeeded the Hashtable and so on.  The new versions of the library were not only safer because they checked types at compile-time, in many cases they were more performant as well.  So much so that it's Microsoft's recommendation that the System.Collections original collections only be used for backwards compatibility. So we as developers came to know and love the generic collections and took them into our hearts and embraced them.  The problem is, thread safety in both the original collections and the generic collections can be problematic, for very different reasons. Now, if you are only doing single-threaded development you may not care – after all, no locking is required.  Even if you do have multiple threads, if a collection is “load-once, read-many” you don’t need to do anything to protect that container from multi-threaded access, as illustrated below: 1: public static class OrderTypeTranslator 2: { 3: // because this dictionary is loaded once before it is ever accessed, we don't need to synchronize 4: // multi-threaded read access 5: private static readonly Dictionary<string, char> _translator = new Dictionary<string, char> 6: { 7: {"New", 'N'}, 8: {"Update", 'U'}, 9: {"Cancel", 'X'} 10: }; 11:  12: // the only public interface into the dictionary is for reading, so inherently thread-safe 13: public static char? Translate(string orderType) 14: { 15: char charValue; 16: if (_translator.TryGetValue(orderType, out charValue)) 17: { 18: return charValue; 19: } 20:  21: return null; 22: } 23: } Unfortunately, most of our computer science problems cannot get by with just single-threaded applications or with multi-threading in a load-once manner.  Looking at  today's trends, it's clear to see that computers are not so much getting faster because of faster processor speeds -- we've nearly reached the limits we can push through with today's technologies -- but more because we're adding more cores to the boxes.  With this new hardware paradigm, it is even more important to use multi-threaded applications to take full advantage of parallel processing to achieve higher application speeds. So let's look at how to use collections in a thread-safe manner. Using historical collections in a concurrent fashion The early .NET collections (System.Collections) had a Synchronized() static method that could be used to wrap the early collections to make them completely thread-safe.  This paradigm was dropped in the generic collections (System.Collections.Generic) because having a synchronized wrapper resulted in atomic locks for all operations, which could prove overkill in many multithreading situations.  Thus the paradigm shifted to having the user of the collection specify their own locking, usually with an external object: 1: public class OrderAggregator 2: { 3: private static readonly Dictionary<string, List<Order>> _orders = new Dictionary<string, List<Order>>(); 4: private static readonly _orderLock = new object(); 5:  6: public void Add(string accountNumber, Order newOrder) 7: { 8: List<Order> ordersForAccount; 9:  10: // a complex operation like this should all be protected 11: lock (_orderLock) 12: { 13: if (!_orders.TryGetValue(accountNumber, out ordersForAccount)) 14: { 15: _orders.Add(accountNumber, ordersForAccount = new List<Order>()); 16: } 17:  18: ordersForAccount.Add(newOrder); 19: } 20: } 21: } Notice how we’re performing several operations on the dictionary under one lock.  With the Synchronized() static methods of the early collections, you wouldn’t be able to specify this level of locking (a more macro-level).  So in the generic collections, it was decided that if a user needed synchronization, they could implement their own locking scheme instead so that they could provide synchronization as needed. The need for better concurrent access to collections Here’s the problem: it’s relatively easy to write a collection that locks itself down completely for access, but anything more complex than that can be difficult and error-prone to write, and much less to make it perform efficiently!  For example, what if you have a Dictionary that has frequent reads but in-frequent updates?  Do you want to lock down the entire Dictionary for every access?  This would be overkill and would prevent concurrent reads.  In such cases you could use something like a ReaderWriterLockSlim which allows for multiple readers in a lock, and then once a writer grabs the lock it blocks all further readers until the writer is done (in a nutshell).  This is all very complex stuff to consider. Fortunately, this is where the Concurrent Collections come in.  The Parallel Computing Platform team at Microsoft went through great pains to determine how to make a set of concurrent collections that would have the best performance characteristics for general case multi-threaded use. Now, as in all things involving threading, you should always make sure you evaluate all your container options based on the particular usage scenario and the degree of parallelism you wish to acheive. This article should not be taken to understand that these collections are always supperior to the generic collections. Each fills a particular need for a particular situation. Understanding what each container is optimized for is key to the success of your application whether it be single-threaded or multi-threaded. General points to consider with the concurrent collections The MSDN points out that the concurrent collections all support the ICollection interface. However, since the collections are already synchronized, the IsSynchronized property always returns false, and SyncRoot always returns null.  Thus you should not attempt to use these properties for synchronization purposes. Note that since the concurrent collections also may have different operations than the traditional data structures you may be used to.  Now you may ask why they did this, but it was done out of necessity to keep operations safe and atomic.  For example, in order to do a Pop() on a stack you have to know the stack is non-empty, but between the time you check the stack’s IsEmpty property and then do the Pop() another thread may have come in and made the stack empty!  This is why some of the traditional operations have been changed to make them safe for concurrent use. In addition, some properties and methods in the concurrent collections achieve concurrency by creating a snapshot of the collection, which means that some operations that were traditionally O(1) may now be O(n) in the concurrent models.  I’ll try to point these out as we talk about each collection so you can be aware of any potential performance impacts.  Finally, all the concurrent containers are safe for enumeration even while being modified, but some of the containers support this in different ways (snapshot vs. dirty iteration).  Once again I’ll highlight how thread-safe enumeration works for each collection. ConcurrentStack<T>: The thread-safe LIFO container The ConcurrentStack<T> is the thread-safe counterpart to the System.Collections.Generic.Stack<T>, which as you may remember is your standard last-in-first-out container.  If you think of algorithms that favor stack usage (for example, depth-first searches of graphs and trees) then you can see how using a thread-safe stack would be of benefit. The ConcurrentStack<T> achieves thread-safe access by using System.Threading.Interlocked operations.  This means that the multi-threaded access to the stack requires no traditional locking and is very, very fast! For the most part, the ConcurrentStack<T> behaves like it’s Stack<T> counterpart with a few differences: Pop() was removed in favor of TryPop() Returns true if an item existed and was popped and false if empty. PushRange() and TryPopRange() were added Allows you to push multiple items and pop multiple items atomically. Count takes a snapshot of the stack and then counts the items. This means it is a O(n) operation, if you just want to check for an empty stack, call IsEmpty instead which is O(1). ToArray() and GetEnumerator() both also take snapshots. This means that iteration over a stack will give you a static view at the time of the call and will not reflect updates. Pushing on a ConcurrentStack<T> works just like you’d expect except for the aforementioned PushRange() method that was added to allow you to push a range of items concurrently. 1: var stack = new ConcurrentStack<string>(); 2:  3: // adding to stack is much the same as before 4: stack.Push("First"); 5:  6: // but you can also push multiple items in one atomic operation (no interleaves) 7: stack.PushRange(new [] { "Second", "Third", "Fourth" }); For looking at the top item of the stack (without removing it) the Peek() method has been removed in favor of a TryPeek().  This is because in order to do a peek the stack must be non-empty, but between the time you check for empty and the time you execute the peek the stack contents may have changed.  Thus the TryPeek() was created to be an atomic check for empty, and then peek if not empty: 1: // to look at top item of stack without removing it, can use TryPeek. 2: // Note that there is no Peek(), this is because you need to check for empty first. TryPeek does. 3: string item; 4: if (stack.TryPeek(out item)) 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("Top item was " + item); 7: } 8: else 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("Stack was empty."); 11: } Finally, to remove items from the stack, we have the TryPop() for single, and TryPopRange() for multiple items.  Just like the TryPeek(), these operations replace Pop() since we need to ensure atomically that the stack is non-empty before we pop from it: 1: // to remove items, use TryPop or TryPopRange to get multiple items atomically (no interleaves) 2: if (stack.TryPop(out item)) 3: { 4: Console.WriteLine("Popped " + item); 5: } 6:  7: // TryPopRange will only pop up to the number of spaces in the array, the actual number popped is returned. 8: var poppedItems = new string[2]; 9: int numPopped = stack.TryPopRange(poppedItems); 10:  11: foreach (var theItem in poppedItems.Take(numPopped)) 12: { 13: Console.WriteLine("Popped " + theItem); 14: } Finally, note that as stated before, GetEnumerator() and ToArray() gets a snapshot of the data at the time of the call.  That means if you are enumerating the stack you will get a snapshot of the stack at the time of the call.  This is illustrated below: 1: var stack = new ConcurrentStack<string>(); 2:  3: // adding to stack is much the same as before 4: stack.Push("First"); 5:  6: var results = stack.GetEnumerator(); 7:  8: // but you can also push multiple items in one atomic operation (no interleaves) 9: stack.PushRange(new [] { "Second", "Third", "Fourth" }); 10:  11: while(results.MoveNext()) 12: { 13: Console.WriteLine("Stack only has: " + results.Current); 14: } The only item that will be printed out in the above code is "First" because the snapshot was taken before the other items were added. This may sound like an issue, but it’s really for safety and is more correct.  You don’t want to enumerate a stack and have half a view of the stack before an update and half a view of the stack after an update, after all.  In addition, note that this is still thread-safe, whereas iterating through a non-concurrent collection while updating it in the old collections would cause an exception. ConcurrentQueue<T>: The thread-safe FIFO container The ConcurrentQueue<T> is the thread-safe counterpart of the System.Collections.Generic.Queue<T> class.  The concurrent queue uses an underlying list of small arrays and lock-free System.Threading.Interlocked operations on the head and tail arrays.  Once again, this allows us to do thread-safe operations without the need for heavy locks! The ConcurrentQueue<T> (like the ConcurrentStack<T>) has some departures from the non-concurrent counterpart.  Most notably: Dequeue() was removed in favor of TryDequeue(). Returns true if an item existed and was dequeued and false if empty. Count does not take a snapshot It subtracts the head and tail index to get the count.  This results overall in a O(1) complexity which is quite good.  It’s still recommended, however, that for empty checks you call IsEmpty instead of comparing Count to zero. ToArray() and GetEnumerator() both take snapshots. This means that iteration over a queue will give you a static view at the time of the call and will not reflect updates. The Enqueue() method on the ConcurrentQueue<T> works much the same as the generic Queue<T>: 1: var queue = new ConcurrentQueue<string>(); 2:  3: // adding to queue is much the same as before 4: queue.Enqueue("First"); 5: queue.Enqueue("Second"); 6: queue.Enqueue("Third"); For front item access, the TryPeek() method must be used to attempt to see the first item if the queue.  There is no Peek() method since, as you’ll remember, we can only peek on a non-empty queue, so we must have an atomic TryPeek() that checks for empty and then returns the first item if the queue is non-empty. 1: // to look at first item in queue without removing it, can use TryPeek. 2: // Note that there is no Peek(), this is because you need to check for empty first. TryPeek does. 3: string item; 4: if (queue.TryPeek(out item)) 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("First item was " + item); 7: } 8: else 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("Queue was empty."); 11: } Then, to remove items you use TryDequeue().  Once again this is for the same reason we have TryPeek() and not Peek(): 1: // to remove items, use TryDequeue. If queue is empty returns false. 2: if (queue.TryDequeue(out item)) 3: { 4: Console.WriteLine("Dequeued first item " + item); 5: } Just like the concurrent stack, the ConcurrentQueue<T> takes a snapshot when you call ToArray() or GetEnumerator() which means that subsequent updates to the queue will not be seen when you iterate over the results.  Thus once again the code below will only show the first item, since the other items were added after the snapshot. 1: var queue = new ConcurrentQueue<string>(); 2:  3: // adding to queue is much the same as before 4: queue.Enqueue("First"); 5:  6: var iterator = queue.GetEnumerator(); 7:  8: queue.Enqueue("Second"); 9: queue.Enqueue("Third"); 10:  11: // only shows First 12: while (iterator.MoveNext()) 13: { 14: Console.WriteLine("Dequeued item " + iterator.Current); 15: } Using collections concurrently You’ll notice in the examples above I stuck to using single-threaded examples so as to make them deterministic and the results obvious.  Of course, if we used these collections in a truly multi-threaded way the results would be less deterministic, but would still be thread-safe and with no locking on your part required! For example, say you have an order processor that takes an IEnumerable<Order> and handles each other in a multi-threaded fashion, then groups the responses together in a concurrent collection for aggregation.  This can be done easily with the TPL’s Parallel.ForEach(): 1: public static IEnumerable<OrderResult> ProcessOrders(IEnumerable<Order> orderList) 2: { 3: var proxy = new OrderProxy(); 4: var results = new ConcurrentQueue<OrderResult>(); 5:  6: // notice that we can process all these in parallel and put the results 7: // into our concurrent collection without needing any external locking! 8: Parallel.ForEach(orderList, 9: order => 10: { 11: var result = proxy.PlaceOrder(order); 12:  13: results.Enqueue(result); 14: }); 15:  16: return results; 17: } Summary Obviously, if you do not need multi-threaded safety, you don’t need to use these collections, but when you do need multi-threaded collections these are just the ticket! The plethora of features (I always think of the movie The Three Amigos when I say plethora) built into these containers and the amazing way they acheive thread-safe access in an efficient manner is wonderful to behold. Stay tuned next week where we’ll continue our discussion with the ConcurrentBag<T> and the ConcurrentDictionary<TKey,TValue>. For some excellent information on the performance of the concurrent collections and how they perform compared to a traditional brute-force locking strategy, see this wonderful whitepaper by the Microsoft Parallel Computing Platform team here.   Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Concurrent Collections,Collections,Multi-Threading,Little Wonders,BlackRabbitCoder,James Michael Hare

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• Configure PERL DBI and DBD in Linux

  - by Balualways

  I am new to Perl and I work in a Linux OEL 5x server. I am trying to configure the Perl DB modules for Oracle connectivity (DBD and DBI modules). Can anyone help me out in the installation procedure? I had tried CPAN didn't really worked out. Any help would be appreciated. I am not quite sure I need to initialize any variables other than $LD_LIBRARY_PATH and $ORACLE_HOME These are my observations: ISSUE:: I am getting the following issue while using the DBI module to connect to Oracle: install_driver(Oracle) failed: Can't locate loadable object for module DBD::Oracle in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8 .) at (eval 3) line 3 Compilation failed in require at (eval 3) line 3. Perhaps a module that DBD::Oracle requires hasn't been fully installed at connectdb.pl line 57 I had installed the DBD for oracle from /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/DBD/DBD-Oracle-1.50 Could you please take a look into the steps and correct me if I am wrong: Observations: $ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH /opt/CA/UnicenterAutoSysJM/autosys/lib:/opt/CA/SharedComponents/Csam/SockAdapter/lib:/opt/CA/SharedComponents/ETPKI/lib:/opt/CA/CAlib $ echo $ORACLE_HOME /usr/local/oracle/ORA This is how I tried to install the DBD module: Download the file DBD 1.50 for Oracle Copy to /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/DBD Untar and Makefile.PL . Message: Using DBI 1.52 (for perl 5.008008 on x86_64-linux-thread-multi) installed in /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/auto/DBI/ Configuring DBD::Oracle for perl 5.008008 on linux (x86_64-linux-thread-multi) Remember to actually *READ* the README file! Especially if you have any problems. Installing on a linux, Ver#2.6 Using Oracle in /opt/oracle/product/10.2 DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1002000400" (CHAR) Oracle version 10.2.0.4 (10.2) Found /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/demo/demo_rdbms.mk Found /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/demo/demo_rdbms64.mk Found /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk Using /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/demo/demo_rdbms.mk Your LD_LIBRARY_PATH env var is set to '/usr/local/oracle/ORA/lib:/usr/dt/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/usr/local/oracle/ORA/ows/cartx/wodbc/1.0/util/lib:/usr/local/oracle/ORA/lib:/usr/local/sybase/OCS-12_0/lib:/usr/local/sybase/lib:/home/oracle/jdbc/jdbcoci73/lib:./' WARNING: Your LD_LIBRARY_PATH env var doesn't include '/opt/oracle/product/10.2/lib' but probably needs to. Reading /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/demo/demo_rdbms.mk Reading /usr/local/oracle/ORA/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk Attempting to discover Oracle OCI build rules sh: make: command not found by executing: [make -f /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/demo/demo_rdbms.mk build ECHODO=echo ECHO=echo GENCLNTSH='echo genclntsh' CC=true OPTIMIZE= CCFLAGS= EXE=DBD_ORA_EXE OBJS=DBD_ORA_OBJ.o] WARNING: Oracle build rule discovery failed (32512) Add path to make command into your PATH environment variable. Oracle oci build prolog: [sh: make: command not found] Oracle oci build command: [] WARNING: Unable to interpret Oracle build commands from /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/demo/demo_rdbms.mk. (Will continue by using fallback approach.) Please report this to [email protected]. See README for what to include. Found header files in /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/public. client_version=10.2 DEFINE= -Wall -Wno-comment -DUTF8_SUPPORT -DORA_OCI_VERSION=\"10.2.0.4\" -DORA_OCI_102 Checking for functioning wait.ph System: perl5.008008 linux ca-build9.us.oracle.com 2.6.20-1.3002.fc6xen #1 smp thu apr 30 18:08:39 pdt 2009 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 gnulinux Compiler: gcc -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -Wdeclaration-after-statement -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/gdbm Linker: not found Sysliblist: -ldl -lm -lpthread -lnsl -lirc Oracle makefiles would have used these definitions but we override them: CC: cc CFLAGS: $(GFLAG) $(OPTIMIZE) $(CDEBUG) $(CCFLAGS) $(PFLAGS)\ $(SHARED_CFLAG) $(USRFLAGS) [$(GFLAG) -O3 $(CDEBUG) -m32 $(TRIGRAPHS_CCFLAGS) -fPIC -I/usr/local/oracle/ORA/rdbms/demo -I/usr/local/oracle/ORA/rdbms/public -I/usr/local/oracle/ORA/plsql/public -I/usr/local/oracle/ORA/network/public -DLINUX -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -DSLTS_ENABLE -DSLMXMX_ENABLE -D_REENTRANT -DNS_THREADS -fno-strict-aliasing $(LPFLAGS) $(USRFLAGS)] build: $(CC) $(ORALIBPATH) -o $(EXE) $(OBJS) $(OCISHAREDLIBS) [ cc -L$(LIBHOME) -L/usr/local/oracle/ORA/rdbms/lib/ -o $(EXE) $(OBJS) -lclntsh $(EXPDLIBS) $(EXOSLIBS) -ldl -lm -lpthread -lnsl -lirc -ldl -lm $(USRLIBS) -lpthread] LDFLAGS: $(LDFLAGS32) [-m32 -o $@ -L/usr/local/oracle/ORA/rdbms//lib32/ -L/usr/local/oracle/ORA/lib32/ -L/usr/local/oracle/ORA/lib32/stubs/] Linking with /usr/local/oracle/ORA/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -lclntsh -ldl -lm -lpthread -lnsl -lirc -ldl -lm -lpthread [from $(DEF_OPT) $(OCISHAREDLIBS)] Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/oracle/ORA/lib Using DBD::Oracle 1.50. Using DBD::Oracle 1.50. Using DBI 1.52 (for perl 5.008008 on x86_64-linux-thread-multi) installed in /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/auto/DBI/ Writing Makefile for DBD::Oracle Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json *** If you have problems... read all the log printed above, and the README and README.help.txt files. (Of course, you have read README by now anyway, haven't you?)

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• Miranda IM

  A lean, mean multi-protocol IM machine that's fast, free, and easy to use

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• Reading email address from contacts fails with weird memory issue - Solved

  - by CapsicumDreams

  Hi all, I'm stumped. I'm trying to get a list of all the email address a person has. I'm using the ABPeoplePickerNavigationController to select the person, which all seems fine. I'm setting my ABRecordRef personDealingWith; from the person argument to - (BOOL)peoplePickerNavigationController:(ABPeoplePickerNavigationController *)peoplePicker shouldContinueAfterSelectingPerson:(ABRecordRef)person property:(ABPropertyID)property identifier:(ABMultiValueIdentifier)identifier { and everything seems fine up till this point. The first time the following code executes, all is well. When subsequently run, I can get issues. First, the code: // following line seems to make the difference (issue 1) // NSLog(@"%d", ABMultiValueGetCount(ABRecordCopyValue(personDealingWith, kABPersonEmailProperty))); // construct array of emails ABMultiValueRef multi = ABRecordCopyValue(personDealingWith, kABPersonEmailProperty); CFIndex emailCount = ABMultiValueGetCount(multi); if (emailCount > 0) { // collect all emails in array for (CFIndex i = 0; i < emailCount; i++) { CFStringRef emailRef = ABMultiValueCopyValueAtIndex(multi, i); [emailArray addObject:(NSString *)emailRef]; CFRelease(emailRef); } } // following line also matters (issue 2) CFRelease(multi); If compiled as written, the are no errors or static analysis problems. This crashes with a *** -[Not A Type retain]: message sent to deallocated instance 0x4e9dc60 error. But wait, there's more! I can fix it in either of two ways. Firstly, I can uncomment the NSLog at the top of the function. I get a leak from the NSLog's ABRecordCopyValue every time through, but the code seems to run fine. Also, I can comment out the CFRelease(multi); at the end, which does exactly the same thing. Static compilation errors, but running code. So without a leak, this function crashes. To prevent a crash, I need to haemorrhage memory. Neither is a great solution. Can anyone point out what's going on? Solution: It turned out that I wasn't storing the ABRecordRef personDealingWith var correctly. I'm still not sure how to do that properly, but instead of having the functionality in another routine (performed later), I'm now doing the grunt-work in the delegate method, and using the derived results at my leisure. The new (working) routine: - (BOOL)peoplePickerNavigationController:(ABPeoplePickerNavigationController *)peoplePicker shouldContinueAfterSelectingPerson:(ABRecordRef)person { // as soon as they select someone, return personDealingWithFullName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyCompositeName(person); personDealingWithFirstName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonFirstNameProperty); // construct array of emails [personDealingWithEmails removeAllObjects]; ABMutableMultiValueRef multi = ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonEmailProperty); if (ABMultiValueGetCount(multi) > 0) { // collect all emails in array for (CFIndex i = 0; i < ABMultiValueGetCount(multi); i++) { CFStringRef emailRef = ABMultiValueCopyValueAtIndex(multi, i); [personDealingWithEmails addObject:(NSString *)emailRef]; CFRelease(emailRef); } } CFRelease(multi); return NO; }

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• Parallelism implies concurrency but not the other way round right?

  - by Cedric Martin

  I often read that parallelism and concurrency are different things. Very often the answerers/commenters go as far as writing that they're two entirely different things. Yet in my view they're related but I'd like some clarification on that. For example if I'm on a multi-core CPU and manage to divide the computation into x smaller computation (say using fork/join) each running in its own thread, I'll have a program that is both doing parallel computation (because supposedly at any point in time several threads are going to run on several cores) and being concurrent right? While if I'm simply using, say, Java and dealing with UI events and repaints on the Event Dispatch Thread plus running the only thread I created myself, I'll have a program that is concurrent (EDT + GC thread + my main thread etc.) but not parallel. I'd like to know if I'm getting this right and if parallelism (on a "single but multi-cores" system) always implies concurrency or not? Also, are multi-threaded programs running on multi-cores CPU but where the different threads are doing totally different computation considered to be using "parallelism"?

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• zabbix monitoring mysql database

  - by krisdigitx

  I have a server running multiple instances of mysql and also has the zabbix-agent running. In zabbix_agentd.conf i have specified: UserParameter=multi.mysql[*],mysqladmin --socket=$1 -uzabbixagent extended-status 2>/dev/null | awk '/ $3 /{print $$4}' where $1 is the socket instance. From the zabbix server i can run the test successfully. zabbix_get -s ip_of_server -k multi.mysql[/var/lib/mysql/mysql2.sock] and it returns all the values However the zabbix item/trigger does not generate the graphs, I have created a MACRO for $1 which is the socket location {$MYSQL_SOCKET1} = '/var/lib/mysql/mysql2.sock' and i use this key in items to poll the value multi.mysql[{$MYSQL_SOCKET1},Bytes_sent] LOGS: this is what i get on the logs: 3360:20120214:144716.278 item [multi.mysql['/var/lib/mysql/mysql2.sock',Bytes_received]] error: Special characters '\'"`*?[]{}~$!&;()<>|#@' are not allowed in the parameters 3360:20120214:144716.372 item [multi.mysql['/var/lib/mysql/mysql2.sock',Bytes_sent]] error: Special characters '\'"`*?[]{}~$!&;()<>|#@' are not allowed in the parameters Any ideas where the problem could be? FIXED {$MYSQL_SOCKET1} = /var/lib/mysql/mysql2.sock i removed the single quotes from the line and it worked...

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• This Week's Multicore Reading List

  Mobile Intelligence and FGPAs Education - United States - Operating system - Microsoft - Multi-core processor

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• This Week's Multicore Reading List

  Parallel programming tips and texts Parallel computing - Programming - Languages - HPC - Multi-core processor

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• Configuring MySQL Cluster Data Nodes

  - by Mat Keep

  0 0 1 692 3948 Homework 32 9 4631 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} In my previous blog post, I discussed the enhanced performance and scalability delivered by extensions to the multi-threaded data nodes in MySQL Cluster 7.2. In this post, I’ll share best practices on the configuration of data nodes to achieve optimum performance on the latest generations of multi-core, multi-thread CPU designs. Configuring the Data Nodes The configuration of data node threads can be managed in two ways via the config.ini file: - Simply set MaxNoOfExecutionThreads to the appropriate number of threads to be run in the data node, based on the number of threads presented by the processors used in the host or VM. - Use the new ThreadConfig variable that enables users to configure both the number of each thread type to use and also which CPUs to bind them too. The flexible configuration afforded by the multi-threaded data node enhancements means that it is possible to optimise data nodes to use anything from a single CPU/thread up to a 48 CPU/thread server. Co-locating the MySQL Server with a single data node can fully utilize servers with 64 – 80 CPU/threads. It is also possible to co-locate multiple data nodes per server, but this is now only required for very large servers with 4+ CPU sockets dense multi-core processors. 24 Threads and Beyond! An example of how to make best use of a 24 CPU/thread server box is to configure the following: - 8 ldm threads - 4 tc threads - 3 recv threads - 3 send threads - 1 rep thread for asynchronous replication. Each of those threads should be bound to a CPU. It is possible to bind the main thread (schema management domain) and the IO threads to the same CPU in most installations. In the configuration above, we have bound threads to 20 different CPUs. We should also protect these 20 CPUs from interrupts by using the IRQBALANCE_BANNED_CPUS configuration variable in /etc/sysconfig/irqbalance and setting it to 0x0FFFFF. The reason for doing this is that MySQL Cluster generates a lot of interrupt and OS kernel processing, and so it is recommended to separate activity across CPUs to ensure conflicts with the MySQL Cluster threads are eliminated. When booting a Linux kernel it is also possible to provide an option isolcpus=0-19 in grub.conf. The result is that the Linux scheduler won't use these CPUs for any task. Only by using CPU affinity syscalls can a process be made to run on those CPUs. By using this approach, together with binding MySQL Cluster threads to specific CPUs and banning CPUs IRQ processing on these tasks, a very stable performance environment is created for a MySQL Cluster data node. On a 32 CPU/Thread server: - Increase the number of ldm threads to 12 - Increase tc threads to 6 - Provide 2 more CPUs for the OS and interrupts. - The number of send and receive threads should, in most cases, still be sufficient. On a 40 CPU/Thread server, increase ldm threads to 16, tc threads to 8 and increment send and receive threads to 4. On a 48 CPU/Thread server it is possible to optimize further by using: - 12 tc threads - 2 more CPUs for the OS and interrupts - Avoid using IO threads and main thread on same CPU - Add 1 more receive thread. Summary As both this and the previous post seek to demonstrate, the multi-threaded data node extensions not only serve to increase performance of MySQL Cluster, they also enable users to achieve significantly improved levels of utilization from current and future generations of massively multi-core, multi-thread processor designs. A big thanks to Mikael Ronstrom, Senior MySQL Architect at Oracle, for his work in developing these enhancements and best practices. You can download MySQL Cluster 7.2 today and try out all of these enhancements. The Getting Started guides are an invaluable aid to quickly building a Proof of Concept Don’t forget to check out the MySQL Cluster 7.2 New Features whitepaper to discover everything that is new in the latest GA release

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• ImageFan

  A lightweight image viewer for .NET 2.0, supporting multi-core processing

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• Django Formset validation with an optional ForeignKey field

  - by Camilo Díaz

  Having a ModelFormSet built with modelformset_factory and using a model with an optional ForeignKey, how can I make empty (null) associations to validate on that form? Here is a sample code: ### model class Prueba(models.Model): cliente = models.ForeignKey(Cliente, null = True) valor = models.CharField(max_length = 20) ### view def test(request): PruebaFormSet = modelformset_factory(model = Prueba, extra = 1) if request.method == 'GET': formset = PruebaFormSet() return render_to_response('tpls/test.html', {'formset' : formset}, context_instance = RequestContext(request)) else: formset = PruebaFormSet(request.POST) # dumb tests, just to know if validating if formset.is_valid(): return HttpResponse('0') else: return HttpResponse('1') In my template, i'm just calling the {{ form.cliente }} method which renders the combo field, however, I want to be able to choose an empty (labeled "------") value, as the FK is optional... but when the form gets submitted it doesn't validate. Is this normal behaviour? How can i make this field to skip required validation?

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• Getting Perl DBD::mysql working on OS X 10.7?

  - by Bart B

  I can't seem to get Perl & MySQL to talk to each other on OS X 10.7 Lion. I did all the installs by the book, I used Oracle's PKG installer for the latest MySQL Community Server, and I installed DBI and DBD::mysql via CPAN. There were not problems at all during the install, but, when I try to USE DBD::mysql to connect to my local DB server I get the following error: install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't load '/Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.bundle' for module DBD::mysql: dlopen(/Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.bundle, 1): Library not loaded: /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.16.dylib Referenced from: /Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.bundle Reason: image not found at /System/Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/DynaLoader.pm line 204. at (eval 3) line 3 Compilation failed in require at (eval 3) line 3. Perhaps a required shared library or dll isn't installed where expected After a lot of googling all I could find were suggested hacks, so I gave this one a go: http://arkoftech.wordpress.com/2011/02/10/fixing-dbdmysql-for-mysql-5-5-89-under-macos-10-6-x/ I had to update some of the paths in the instructions since on Lion it's Perl 5.12 not 5.10. After doing that I got a new error: dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: _mysql_init Referenced from: /Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.bundle Expected in: flat namespace dyld: Symbol not found: _mysql_init Referenced from: /Library/Perl/5.12/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.bundle Expected in: flat namespace Trace/BPT trap: 5 There must be a simple way to get MySQL & Perl working on OS X? - HELP!

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• How to install DBD::mysql on OS X Server 10.6?

  - by Zoran Simic

  Trying to install DBD::mysql on OS X Server 10.6 (mac mini server). But I'm missing the mysql headers apparently. Since mysql is already part of OS X Server 10.6, I would like to NOT install anything else (no fink or darwin ports installs), just whatever's needed to get DBD::mysql installed and working. Do you know how I could do that? Do I have to install the headers somewhere? And if so, where? (again: I don't want to install another version of mysql on the box, want to use the version it came with). Is there a way to install DBD::mysql without compiling any C files? This is the error I get (the actual error is much longer, but these are the most meaningful bits, this is the first error reported). Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Unrecognized argument in LIBS ignored: '-pipe' Note (probably harmless): No library found for -lmysqlclient Multiple copies of Driver.xst found in: /Library/Perl/5.10.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBI/ /System/Library/Perl/Extras/5.10.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBI/ at Makefile.PL line 907 Using DBI 1.611 (for perl 5.010000 on darwin-thread-multi-2level) installed in /Library/Perl/5.10.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBI/ Writing Makefile for DBD::mysql cp lib/DBD/mysql.pm blib/lib/DBD/mysql.pm cp lib/DBD/mysql/GetInfo.pm blib/lib/DBD/mysql/GetInfo.pm cp lib/DBD/mysql/INSTALL.pod blib/lib/DBD/mysql/INSTALL.pod cp lib/Bundle/DBD/mysql.pm blib/lib/Bundle/DBD/mysql.pm gcc-4.2 -c -I/Library/Perl/5.10.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBI -I/usr/include -fno-omit-frame-pointer -pipe -D_P1003_1B_VISIBLE -DSIGNAL_WITH_VIO_CLOSE -DSIGNALS_DONT_BREAK_READ -DIGNORE_SIGHUP_SIGQUIT -DDBD_MYSQL_INSERT_ID_IS_GOOD -g -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -arch ppc -g -pipe -fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/local/include -Os -DVERSION=\"4.014\" -DXS_VERSION=\"4.014\" "-I/System/Library/Perl/5.10.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE" dbdimp.c In file included from dbdimp.c:20: dbdimp.h:22:49: error: mysql.h: No such file or directory dbdimp.h:23:45: error: mysqld_error.h: No such file or directory dbdimp.h:25:49: error: errmsg.h: No such file or directory

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• Error while installing boost_1_54

  - by Farhat

  On trying to install boost I get this error during configuration checks. Googling did not give any pointers. [root@heracles boost_1_54_0]# ./b2 install Performing configuration checks - 32-bit : no (cached) - 64-bit : yes (cached) - arm : no (cached) - mips1 : no (cached) - power : no (cached) - sparc : no (cached) - x86 : yes (cached) error: No best alternative for libs/coroutine/build/allocator_sources next alternative: required properties: <link>static <target-os>windows <threading>multi not matched next alternative: required properties: <link>static <segmented-stacks>on <threading>multi not matched next alternative: required properties: <link>static <threading>multi not matched - has_icu builds : no (cached) warning: Graph library does not contain MPI-based parallel components. note: to enable them, add "using mpi ;" to your user-config.jam - zlib : yes (cached) - iconv (libc) : yes (cached) - icu : no (cached) - icu (lib64) : no (cached) - compiler-supports-ssse3 : yes (cached) - compiler-supports-avx2 : no (cached) - gcc visibility : yes (cached) - long double support : yes (cached) warning: skipping optional Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. note: to enable MPI support, add "using mpi ;" to user-config.jam. note: to suppress this message, pass "--without-mpi" to bjam. note: otherwise, you can safely ignore this message. error: No best alternative for libs/coroutine/build/allocator_sources next alternative: required properties: <link>static <target-os>windows <threading>multi not matched next alternative: required properties: <link>static <segmented-stacks>on <threading>multi not matched next alternative: required properties: <link>static <threading>multi not matched - zlib : yes (cached) How can the alternative for allocator sources be located? Thanks.

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• MongoDB with OR and Range Indexes

  - by LMH

  I have a query: {"$query"=>{"user_id"=>"512f7960534dcda22b000491", "$or"=>[{"when_tz"=>{"$gte"=>2010-06-24 04:00:00 UTC, "$lt"=>2010-06-25 04:00:00 UTC}}, {"when_tz"=>{"$gte"=>2011-06-24 04:00:00 UTC, "$lt"=>2011-06-25 04:00:00 UTC}}, {"when_tz"=>{"$gte"=>2012-06-24 04:00:00 UTC, "$lt"=>2012-06-25 04:00:00 UTC}}], "_type"=>{"$in"=>["FacebookImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem", "InstagramItem", "TwitterImageItem", "Image"]}}, "$explain"=>true, "$orderby"=>{"when_tz"=>1}} And an index: { user_id: 1, _type: 1, when_tz: 1 } Explain: {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1__type_1_facebook_id_1 multi", "isMultiKey"=false, "n"=28, "nscannedObjects"=15094, "nscanned"=15098, "nscannedObjectsAllPlans"=181246, "nscannedAllPlans"=241553, "scanAndOrder"=true, "indexOnly"=false, "nYields"=12, "nChunkSkips"=0, "millis"=2869, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "_type"=[["FacebookImageItem", "FacebookImageItem"], ["FoursquareImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem"], ["Image", "Image"], ["InstagramItem", "InstagramItem"], ["TwitterImageItem", "TwitterImageItem"]], "facebook_id"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}, "allPlans"=[{"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1__type_1_facebook_id_1 multi", "n"=28, "nscannedObjects"=15094, "nscanned"=15098, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "_type"=[["FacebookImageItem", "FacebookImageItem"], ["FoursquareImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem"], ["Image", "Image"], ["InstagramItem", "InstagramItem"], ["TwitterImageItem", "TwitterImageItem"]], "facebook_id"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1__type_1_twitter_id_1 multi", "n"=28, "nscannedObjects"=15094, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "_type"=[["FacebookImageItem", "FacebookImageItem"], ["FoursquareImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem"], ["Image", "Image"], ["InstagramItem", "InstagramItem"], ["TwitterImageItem", "TwitterImageItem"]], "twitter_id"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1__type_1_instagram_id_1 multi", "n"=28, "nscannedObjects"=15094, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "_type"=[["FacebookImageItem", "FacebookImageItem"], ["FoursquareImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem"], ["Image", "Image"], ["InstagramItem", "InstagramItem"], ["TwitterImageItem", "TwitterImageItem"]], "instagram_id"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1__type_1_foursquare_id_1 multi", "n"=28, "nscannedObjects"=15094, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "_type"=[["FacebookImageItem", "FacebookImageItem"], ["FoursquareImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem"], ["Image", "Image"], ["InstagramItem", "InstagramItem"], ["TwitterImageItem", "TwitterImageItem"]], "foursquare_id"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1_phash_1", "n"=21, "nscannedObjects"=15097, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "phash"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1_aperature_1_shutter_speed_1_when_tz_1", "n"=25, "nscannedObjects"=35, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "aperature"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]], "shutter_speed"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]], "when_tz"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1_image_hash_1", "n"=22, "nscannedObjects"=15097, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "image_hash"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1_time_zone_guessed_1_when_tz_-1", "n"=23, "nscannedObjects"=32, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "time_zone_guessed"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]], "when_tz"=[[{"$maxElement"=1}, {"$minElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1_time_zone_guessed_1_when_tz_1", "n"=24, "nscannedObjects"=33, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "time_zone_guessed"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]], "when_tz"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1_time_zone_guessed_1_when_utc_-1", "n"=23, "nscannedObjects"=15097, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "time_zone_guessed"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]], "when_utc"=[[{"$maxElement"=1}, {"$minElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1_time_zone_guessed_1_when_utc_1", "n"=24, "nscannedObjects"=15097, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "time_zone_guessed"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]], "when_utc"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1_original_shared_item_id_1", "n"=24, "nscannedObjects"=15097, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "original_shared_item_id"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1__type_1_s3_tmp_file_1 multi", "n"=28, "nscannedObjects"=15094, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "_type"=[["FacebookImageItem", "FacebookImageItem"], ["FoursquareImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem"], ["Image", "Image"], ["InstagramItem", "InstagramItem"], ["TwitterImageItem", "TwitterImageItem"]], "s3_tmp_file"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1__type_1_processed_-1_uploaded_-1_image_device_1 multi", "n"=28, "nscannedObjects"=15094, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "_type"=[["FacebookImageItem", "FacebookImageItem"], ["FoursquareImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem"], ["Image", "Image"], ["InstagramItem", "InstagramItem"], ["TwitterImageItem", "TwitterImageItem"]], "processed"=[[{"$maxElement"=1}, {"$minElement"=1}]], "uploaded"=[[{"$maxElement"=1}, {"$minElement"=1}]], "image_device"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BtreeCursor user_id_1__type_1_when_tz_1 multi", "n"=28, "nscannedObjects"=28, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={"user_id"=[["512f7960534dcda22b000491", "512f7960534dcda22b000491"]], "_type"=[["FacebookImageItem", "FacebookImageItem"], ["FoursquareImageItem", "FoursquareImageItem"], ["Image", "Image"], ["InstagramItem", "InstagramItem"], ["TwitterImageItem", "TwitterImageItem"]], "when_tz"=[[{"$minElement"=1}, {"$maxElement"=1}]]}}, {"cursor"="BasicCursor", "n"=0, "nscannedObjects"=15097, "nscanned"=15097, "indexBounds"={}}], "server"=""} Any idea how to get it to hit the indexes?

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• Why are the analoge stereo input and output of my M-Audio 24/96 soundcard not available to me in Ubu

  - by user37968

  I have installed Lucid on an old Mac PowerPC G4 desktop with a M-Audio Audiophile 24/96 soundcard. The only inputs and outputs I can select in the audio preferences are digital ones for the digital input and output. "lspci -v" shows the card as so: 0001:10:13.0 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies Inc. ICE1712 [Envy24] PCI Multi-Channel I/O Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: VIA Technologies Inc. Device d634 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 16, IRQ 53 I/O ports at 0440 [size=32] I/O ports at 04b0 [size=16] I/O ports at 04a0 [size=16] I/O ports at 0400 [size=64] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ICE1712 Kernel modules: snd-ice1712 "cat /proc/asound/cards" as so: 0 [Tumbler ]: PMac Tumbler - PowerMac Tumbler PowerMac Tumbler (Dev 21) Sub-frame 0 1 [M2496 ]: ICE1712 - M Audio Audiophile 24/96 M Audio Audiophile 24/96 at 0x440, irq 53 "aplay -L" shows these as listed: pulse Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server front:CARD=Tumbler,DEV=0 PowerMac Tumbler, PowerMac Tumbler Front speakers front:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi Front speakers surround40:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers iec958:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output I believe it is a problem with detecting the analogue input/output. Sometimes I can get sound from the device but it is a sheet of white noise and tinkering makes it go away again I don't know if that is a separate problem or if it is linked to not being able to see the analogue input/outputs in the sound preferences. Any help would be greatly appreciated As for the white noise I have installed the Envy24 control panel and spend lots of time playing with the settings but when I can get the white noise I can never get it to an quality where I can actually hear what is being played. The internal speaker plays audio fine and plugging in a NI Audio 4DJ via usb also plays sound, although with some static but I believe that is due to an underpowered usb2 pci expansion card not being able to get enough electricity to the device. Alternatively I have seen other people with problems with this device so it may be a bug in the driver but that is another matter. I would like to get the M-Audio card working so I can begin to enjoy my music once again. As a note, I do not currently have any audio equipment capable of sending or receiving audio via the digital inputs and output so I can not check if they are working. The sound preferences show a wide range of digital in and out options with various surround sound options but no analogue ins and outs.

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• Why are the analoge stereo input and output of my M-Audio 24/96 soundcard not available to me in Ubuntu Lucid

  - by MIDoubleKO

  I have installed Lucid on an old Mac PowerPC G4 desktop with a M-Audio Audiophile 24/96 soundcard. The only inputs and outputs I can select in the audio preferences are digital ones for the digital input and output. "lspci -v" shows the card as so: 0001:10:13.0 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies Inc. ICE1712 [Envy24] PCI Multi-Channel I/O Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: VIA Technologies Inc. Device d634 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 16, IRQ 53 I/O ports at 0440 [size=32] I/O ports at 04b0 [size=16] I/O ports at 04a0 [size=16] I/O ports at 0400 [size=64] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ICE1712 Kernel modules: snd-ice1712 "cat /proc/asound/cards" as so: 0 [Tumbler ]: PMac Tumbler - PowerMac Tumbler PowerMac Tumbler (Dev 21) Sub-frame 0 1 [M2496 ]: ICE1712 - M Audio Audiophile 24/96 M Audio Audiophile 24/96 at 0x440, irq 53 "aplay -L" shows these as listed: pulse Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server front:CARD=Tumbler,DEV=0 PowerMac Tumbler, PowerMac Tumbler Front speakers front:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi Front speakers surround40:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers iec958:CARD=M2496,DEV=0 M Audio Audiophile 24/96, ICE1712 multi IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output I believe it is a problem with detecting the analogue input/output. Sometimes I can get sound from the device but it is a sheet of white noise and tinkering makes it go away again I don't know if that is a separate problem or if it is linked to not being able to see the analogue input/outputs in the sound preferences. Any help would be greatly appreciated As for the white noise I have installed the Envy24 control panel and spend lots of time playing with the settings but when I can get the white noise I can never get it to an quality where I can actually hear what is being played. The internal speaker plays audio fine and plugging in a NI Audio 4DJ via usb also plays sound, although with some static but I believe that is due to an underpowered usb2 pci expansion card not being able to get enough electricity to the device. Alternatively I have seen other people with problems with this device so it may be a bug in the driver but that is another matter. I would like to get the M-Audio card working so I can begin to enjoy my music once again. As a note, I do not currently have any audio equipment capable of sending or receiving audio via the digital inputs and output so I can not check if they are working. The sound preferences show a wide range of digital in and out options with various surround sound options but no analogue ins and outs.

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• openvpn not creating internal route for client

  - by user42055

  I have two openvpn clients and a server using shared keys. I have internal routes specified in the ccd directory for both clients, but when they connect, the server only creates the internal route for one of them, despite the logs saying it's creating both. Both clients and the server use the "--script-security 2" command-line option. Can anyone think of why it would do this ? My ccd files are: client1: iroute 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 client2: iroute 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 My log file shows the following (cropped): May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: 118.208.58.60:48730 [client1] Peer Connection Initiated with 118.208.58.60:48730 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 OPTIONS IMPORT: reading client specific options from: ccd/client1 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 MULTI: Learn: 192.168.150.10 -> client1/118.208.58.60:48730 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 MULTI: primary virtual IP for client1/118.208.58.60:48730: 192.168.150.10 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 MULTI: internal route 192.168.0.0/24 -> client1/118.208.58.60:48730 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 MULTI: Learn: 192.168.0.0/24 -> client1/118.208.58.60:48730 May 3 17:23:01 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REQUEST' May 3 17:23:01 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 SENT CONTROL [client1]: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 192.168.150.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 192.168.150.10 192.168.150.9' (status=1) May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: 124.148.1.90:59277 [client2] Peer Connection Initiated with 124.148.1.90:59277 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 OPTIONS IMPORT: reading client specific options from: ccd/client2 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 MULTI: Learn: 192.168.150.14 -> client2/124.148.1.90:59277 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 MULTI: primary virtual IP for client2/124.148.1.90:59277: 192.168.150.14 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 MULTI: internal route 10.0.1.0/24 -> client2/124.148.1.90:59277 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 MULTI: Learn: 10.0.1.0/24 -> client2/124.148.1.90:59277 May 3 17:21:39 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REQUEST' May 3 17:21:39 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 SENT CONTROL [client2]: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 192.168.150.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 192.168.150.14 192.168.150.13' (status=1) And after both clients have connected, the routing table looks like this: 192.168.150.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 203.209.167.192 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.150.0 192.168.150.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.0.0 192.168.150.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo 0.0.0.0 203.209.167.193 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 As you can see, it's created the route to 192.168.0.0/24 (client1) but not to 10.0.1.0/24 (client2), even though the log says it's been created. Any suggestions why ?

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• Multi-file, simultaneous, drag-and-drop file uploads in the browser without ActiveX?

  - by qiq

  I like how Windows Skydrive lets you drag files into Internet Explorer where an ActiveX component uploads those files to your Skydrive account in a queue. This avoids the cumbersome traditional HTML approach where you present multiple "Browse" buttons and the user has to select individual files one by one, click Upload and then select more files after the first batch completes. What I'm not sure is how the same effect could be achieved in a web app without ActiveX. Any suggestions?

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• How do I access GUI (GTK) from multi threads?

  - by nubela

  I have a worker thread spawned from a GUI (for GUI performance), how do I access GUI, such as spawning new windows/widgets from the thread itself? I tried using delegates but it doesn't seem to be working. Any ideas? Possibly examples? Thank you.

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• How to do custom display and auto-select in django admin multi-select field?

  - by rsp

  I'm new to django, so please feel free to tell me if I'm doing this incorrectly. I am trying to create a django ordering system. My order model: class Order(models.Model): ordered_by = models.ForeignKey(User, limit_choices_to = {'groups__name': "Managers", 'is_active': 1}) in my admin ANY user can enter an order, but ordered_by must be someone in the group "managers" (this is the behavior I want). Now, if the logged in user happens to be a manager I want it to automatically fill in the field with that logged in user. I have accomplished this by: class OrderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs): if db_field.name == "ordered_by": if request.user in User.objects.filter(groups__name='Managers', is_active=1): kwargs["initial"] = request.user.id kwargs["empty_label"] = "-------------" return db_field.formfield(**kwargs) return super(OrderAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs) This also works, but the admin puts the username as the display for the select box by default. It would be nice to have the user's real name listed. I was able to do it with this: class UserModelMultipleChoiceField(forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField): def label_from_instance(self, obj): return obj.first_name + " " + obj.last_name class OrderForm(forms.ModelForm): ordered_by = UserModelChoiceField(queryset=User.objects.all().filter(groups__name='Managers', is_active=1)) class OrderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): form = OrderForm My problem: I can't to both of these. If I put in the formfield_for_foreignkey function and add form = OrderForm to use my custom "UserModelChoiceField", it puts the nice name display but it won't select the currently logged in user. I'm new to this, but my guess is that when I use UserModelChoiceField it "erases" the info passed in via formfield_for_foreignkey. Do I need to use the super() function somehow to pass on this info? or something completely different?

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• How do I create a multi-level TreeView using F#?

  - by TwentyMiles

  I would like to display a directory structure using Gtk# widgets through F#, but I'm having a hard time figuring out how to translate TreeViews into F#. Say I had a directory structure that looks like this: Directory1 SubDirectory1 SubDirectory2 SubSubDirectory1 SubDirectory3 Directory2 How would I show this tree structure with Gtk# widgets using F#? EDIT: gradbot's was the answer I was hoping for with a couple of exceptions. If you use ListStore, you loose the ability to expand levels, if you instead use : let musicListStore = new Gtk.TreeStore([|typeof<String>; typeof<String>|]) you get a layout with expandable levels. Doing this, however, breaks the calls to AppendValues so you have to add some clues for the compiler to figure out which overloaded method to use: musicListStore.AppendValues (iter, [|"Fannypack" ; "Nu Nu (Yeah Yeah) (double j and haze radio edit)"|]) Note that the columns are explicitly passed as an array. Finally, you can nest levels even further by using the ListIter returned by Append Values let iter = musicListStore.AppendValues ("Dance") let subiter = musicListStore.AppendValues (iter, [|"Fannypack" ; "Nu Nu (Yeah Yeah) (double j and haze radio edit)"|]) musicListStore.AppendValues (subiter, [|"Some Dude"; "Some Song"|]) |> ignore

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