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  • joining tables while keeping the Null values

    - by Tam
    I have two tables: Users: ID, first_name, last_name Networks: user_id, friend_id, status I want to select all values from the users table but I want to display the status of specific user (say with id=2) while keeping the other ones as NULL. For instance: If I have users: 1 John Smith 2 Tom Summers 3 Amy Wilson And in networks: user_id friend_id status 2 1 friends I want to do search for John Smith for all other users so I want to get: id first_name last_name status 2 Tom Summers friends 3 Amy Wilson NULL I tried doing LEFT JOIN and then WHERE statement but it didn't work because it excluded the rows that have relations with other users but not this user. I can do this using UNION statement but I was wondering if it's at all possible to do it without UNION.

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  • ActiveRecord + CodeIgniter - Return single value from query, not in array form.

    - by txmail
    Say you construct an activerecord query that will always just return a single value, how do you just address that single value instead of getting an array in return? For instance I am using an ActiveRecord query to return the SUM of a single column, it will only return this one single SUM, instead of having to parse the array is there a way to assign the value as a function return equal to that value instead of getting an array?

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  • How to evaluate query by DBMS?

    - by Kevinniceguy
    Sorry...I mean what question will be for this query? SELECT SUM(price) FROM Room r, Hotel h WHERE r.hotelNo = h.hotelNo and hotelName = 'Paris Hilton' and roomNo NOT IN (SELECT roomNo FROM Booking b, Hotel h WHERE (dateFrom <= CURRENT_DATE AND dateTo >= CURRENT_DATE) AND b.hotelNo = h.hotelNo AND hotelName = 'Paris Hilton');

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  • should this database table be normalized?

    - by oo
    i have taken over a database that stores fitness information and we were having a debate about a certain table and whether it should stay as one table or get broken up into three tables. Today, there is one table called: workouts that has the following fields id, exercise_id, reps, weight, date, person_id So if i did 2 sets of 3 different exercises on one day, i would have 6 records in that table for that day. for example: id, exercise_id, reps, weight, date, person_id 1, 1, 10, 100, 1/1/2010, 10 2, 1, 10, 100, 1/1/2010, 10 3, 1, 10, 100, 1/1/2010, 10 4, 2, 10, 100, 1/1/2010, 10 5, 2, 10, 100, 1/1/2010, 10 6, 2, 10, 100, 1/1/2010, 10 So the question is, given that there is some redundant data (date, personid, exercise_id) in multiple records, should this be normalized to three tables WorkoutSummary: - id - date - person_id WorkoutExercise: - id - workout_id (foreign key into WorkoutSummary) - exercise_id WorkoutSets: - id - workout_exercise_id (foreign key into WorkoutExercise) - reps - weight I would guess the downside is that the queries would be slower after this refactoring as now we would need to join 3 tables to do the same query that had no joins before. The benefit of the refactoring allows up in the future to add new fields at the workout summary level or the exercise level with out adding in more duplication. any feedback on this debate?

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  • How do I select the max value from multiple tables in one column

    - by Derick
    I would like to get the last date of records modified. Here is a sample simple SELECT: SELECT t01.name, t01.last_upd date1, t02.last_upd date2, t03.last_upd date3, 'maxof123' maxdate FROM s_org_ext t01, s_org_ext_x t02, s_addr_org t03 WHERE t02.par_row_id(+)= t01.row_id and t03.row_id(+)= t01.pr_addr_id and t01.int_org_flg = 'n'; How can I get column maxdate to display the max of the three dates? Note: no UNION or sub SELECT statements ;)

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  • Best Database Change Control Methodologies

    - by SnapJag
    As a database architect, developer, and consultant, there are many questions that can be answered. One, though I was asked recently and still can't answer good, is... "What is one of, or some of, the best methods or techniques to keep database changes documented, organized, and yet able to roll out effectively either in a single-developer or multi-developer environment." This may involve stored procedures and other object scripts, but especially schemas - from documentation, to the new physical update scripts, to rollout, and then full-circle. There are applications to make this happen, but require schema hooks and overhead. I would rather like to know about techniques used without a lot of extra third-party involvement.

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  • Database design for invoices, invoice lines & revisions

    - by FreshCode
    I'm designing the 2nd major iteration of a relational database for a franchise's CRM (with lots of refactoring) and I need help on the best database design practices for storing job invoices and invoice lines with a strong audit trail of any changes made to each invoice. Current schema Invoices Table InvoiceId (int) // Primary key JobId (int) StatusId (tinyint) // Pending, Paid or Deleted UserId (int) // auditing user Reference (nvarchar(256)) // unique natural string key with invoice number Date (datetime) Comments (nvarchar(MAX)) InvoiceLines Table LineId (int) // Primary key InvoiceId (int) // related to Invoices above Quantity (decimal(9,4)) Title (nvarchar(512)) Comment (nvarchar(512)) UnitPrice (smallmoney) Revision schema InvoiceRevisions Table RevisionId (int) // Primary key InvoiceId (int) JobId (int) StatusId (tinyint) // Pending, Paid or Deleted UserId (int) // auditing user Reference (nvarchar(256)) // unique natural string key with invoice number Date (datetime) Total (smallmoney) Schema design considerations 1. Is it sensible to store an invoice's Paid or Pending status? All payments received for an invoice are stored in a Payments table (eg. Cash, Credit Card, Cheque, Bank Deposit). Is it meaningful to store a "Paid" status in the Invoices table if all the income related to a given job's invoices can be inferred from the Payments table? 2. How to keep track of invoice line item revisions? I can track revisions to an invoice by storing status changes along with the invoice total and the auditing user in an invoice revision table (see InvoiceRevisions above), but keeping track of an invoice line revision table feels hard to maintain. Thoughts? 3. Tax How should I incorporate sales tax (or 14% VAT in SA) when storing invoice data?

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  • Get more records that appear more than once

    - by milo2010
    How can I see all the records that appear more than once per day? I have this table: ID Name Date 1 John 27.03.2010 18:17:00 2 Mike 27.03.2010 16:38:00 3 Sonny 28.03.2010 20:23:00 4 Anna 29.03.2010 13:51:00 5 Maria 29.03.2010 21:59:00 6 Penny 29.03.2010 17:25:00 7 Alba 30.03.2010 09:36:00 8 Huston 31.03.2010 10:19:00 I wanna get: 1 John 27.03.2010 18:17:00 2 Mike 27.03.2010 16:38:00 4 Anna 29.03.2010 13:51:00 5 Maria 29.03.2010 21:59:00 6 Penny 29.03.2010 17:25:00

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  • Problem counting item frequency on T-SQL

    - by Raúl Roa
    I'm trying to count the frequency of numbers from 1 to 100 on different fields of a table. Let's say I have the table "Results" with the following data: LottoId Winner Second Third --------- --------- --------- --------- 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 I'd like to be able to get the frequency per numbers. For that I'm using the following code: --Creating numbers temp table CREATE TABLE #Numbers( Number int) --Inserting the numbers into the temp table declare @counter int set @counter = 0 while @counter < 100 begin set @counter = @counter + 1 INSERT INTO #Numbers(Number) VALUES(@counter) end -- SELECT #Numbers.Number, Count(Results.Winner) as Winner,Count(Results.Second) as Second, Count(Results.Third) as Third FROM #Numbers LEFT JOIN Results ON #Numbers.Number = Results.Winner OR #Numbers.Number = Results.Second OR #Numbers.Number = Results.Third GROUP BY #Numbers.Number The problem is that the counts are repeating the same values for each number. In this particular case I'm getting the following result: Number Winner Second Third --------- --------- --------- --------- 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 ... When I should get this: Number Winner Second Third --------- --------- --------- --------- 1 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 0 2 ... What am I missing?

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  • Optimizing Oracle query

    - by Omnipresent
    SELECT MAX(verification_id) FROM VERIFICATION_TABLE WHERE head = 687422 AND mbr = 23102 AND RTRIM(LTRIM(lname)) = '.iq bzw' AND TO_CHAR(dob,'MM/DD/YYYY')= '08/10/2004' AND system_code = 'M'; This query is taking 153 seconds to run. there are millions of rows in VERIFICATION_TABLE. I think query is taking long because of the functions in where clause. However, I need to do ltrim rtrim on the columns and also date has to be matched in MM/DD/YYYY format. How can I optimize this query?

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  • what is called KEY

    - by Bharanikumar
    CREATE TABLE `ost_staff` ( `staff_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, `group_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `dept_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `username` varchar(32) collate latin1_german2_ci NOT NULL default '', `firstname` varchar(32) collate latin1_german2_ci default NULL, `lastname` varchar(32) collate latin1_german2_ci default NULL, `passwd` varchar(128) collate latin1_german2_ci default NULL, `email` varchar(128) collate latin1_german2_ci default NULL, `phone` varchar(24) collate latin1_german2_ci NOT NULL default '', `phone_ext` varchar(6) collate latin1_german2_ci default NULL, `mobile` varchar(24) collate latin1_german2_ci NOT NULL default '', `signature` varchar(255) collate latin1_german2_ci NOT NULL default '', `isactive` tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1', `isadmin` tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '0', `isvisible` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '1', `onvacation` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `daylight_saving` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `append_signature` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `change_passwd` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `timezone_offset` float(3,1) NOT NULL default '0.0', `max_page_size` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', `created` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00', `lastlogin` datetime default NULL, `updated` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00', PRIMARY KEY (`staff_id`), UNIQUE KEY `username` (`username`), KEY `dept_id` (`dept_id`), **KEY `issuperuser` (`isadmin`),** **KEY `group_id` (`group_id`,`staff_id`)** ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=35 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_german2_ci; Hi the above query is the osticket open source one, i know primary key , foreign key , unique but AM NOT SURE WHAT IS THIS KEY group_id (group_id,staff_id) Please tell me, this constraints name....

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  • SSIS DTSX File Repair Tool

    - by Eric Ness
    I'm working with an SSIS 2005 file that crashes Visual Studio 2005 on my workstation. This happens when I open the data flow diagram and Visual Studio attempts to validate the package. I can open it successfully on another computer though. The package itself is fairly simple and only has two control flow tasks and maybe ten tasks in the data flow. I'm wondering if there is a tool that goes through the XML in the dtsx file and repairs any issues or if this is even necessary. The dtsx file is about 171 kB and it seems like there's a lot in it considering what a simple package it is.

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  • MSSQL DATEDIFF accuracy

    - by jomi
    Hello, I have to store some intervals in mssql db. I'm aware that the datetime's accuracy is approx. 3.3ms (can only end 0, 3 and 7). But when I calculate intervals between datetimes I see that the result can only end with 0, 3 and 6. So the more intervals I sum up the more precision I loose. Is it possible to get an accurate DATEDIFF in milliseconds ? declare @StartDate datetime declare @EndDate datetime set @StartDate='2010-04-01 12:00:00.000' set @EndDate='2010-04-01 12:00:00.007' SELECT DATEDIFF(millisecond, @StartDate, @EndDate),@EndDate-@StartDate, @StartDate, @EndDate I would like to see 7 ad not 6. (And it should be as fast as possible) Thanks,

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  • Deleting huge chunks of data from mysql innodb

    - by ming yeow
    I need to delete a huge chunk of my data in my production database, which runs about 100GB in size. If possible, i would like to minimize my downtime. My selection criteria for deleting is likely to be DELETE * FROM POSTING WHERE USER.ID=5 AND UPDATED_AT<100 What is the best way to delete it? Build an index? Write a sequential script that deletes via paginating through the rows 1000 at a time?

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  • SQL Server Reporting Services proxy timeout (ASP.NET)

    - by Philip
    Morning, We are using SSRS (2005) and have a ASP.NET frontend using the SSRS WebControl. I've boiled the problem down the time it takes for one particular report to be generated is greater than the timeout on the proxy server. It looks like the way the SSRS web control tries to do things is by performing an HTTP request for the report, however the problem with this is the request can timeout potentially before the report has generated. Looking at the HTTP traffic the response is a 504 (gateway timeout). Is there a way to increase the timeout or change SSRS WebControl to use more robust polling mechanism (which isn't dependant on the timeout of the HTTP request). I could be wrong but I don't think ServerReport.Timeout property would resolve the issue we are seeing? Any thoughts? Philip

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  • How to provide a date variable an interval that consists of an integer variable in Postgresql

    - by Lucius Rutilius Lupus
    I am trying to extract an amount of years from a specific date for this the correct syntax is <date> - interval '5 years'; But I dont want to extract a specific amount of years but a variable, which user will provide as a parameter. I have tried the following the variable name is years : date+interval '% years',years; I am getting an error and it doesn't let me do it that way. What would be the right way to do it.

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  • In MySQL, what is the most effective query design for joining large tables with many to many relatio

    - by lighthouse65
    In our application, we collect data on automotive engine performance -- basically source data on engine performance based on the engine type, the vehicle running it and the engine design. Currently, the basis for new row inserts is an engine on-off period; we monitor performance variables based on a change in engine state from active to inactive and vice versa. The related engineState table looks like this: +---------+-----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+ | vehicle | engine | engine_state | state_start_time | state_end_time | engine_variable | +---------+-----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+ | 080025 | E01 | active | 2008-01-24 16:19:15 | 2008-01-24 16:24:45 | 720 | | 080028 | E02 | inactive | 2008-01-24 16:19:25 | 2008-01-24 16:22:17 | 304 | +---------+-----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+ For a specific analysis, we would like to analyze table content based on a row granularity of minutes, rather than the current basis of active / inactive engine state. For this, we are thinking of creating a simple productionMinute table with a row for each minute in the period we are analyzing and joining the productionMinute and engineEvent tables on the date-time columns in each table. So if our period of analysis is from 2009-12-01 to 2010-02-28, we would create a new table with 129,600 rows, one for each minute of each day for that three-month period. The first few rows of the productionMinute table: +---------------------+ | production_minute | +---------------------+ | 2009-12-01 00:00 | | 2009-12-01 00:01 | | 2009-12-01 00:02 | | 2009-12-01 00:03 | +---------------------+ The join between the tables would be engineState AS es LEFT JOIN productionMinute AS pm ON es.state_start_time <= pm.production_minute AND pm.production_minute <= es.event_end_time. This join, however, brings up multiple environmental issues: The engineState table has 5 million rows and the productionMinute table has 130,000 rows When an engineState row spans more than one minute (i.e. the difference between es.state_start_time and es.state_end_time is greater than one minute), as is the case in the example above, there are multiple productionMinute table rows that join to a single engineState table row When there is more than one engine in operation during any given minute, also as per the example above, multiple engineState table rows join to a single productionMinute row In testing our logic and using only a small table extract (one day rather than 3 months, for the productionMinute table) the query takes over an hour to generate. In researching this item in order to improve performance so that it would be feasible to query three months of data, our thoughts were to create a temporary table from the engineEvent one, eliminating any table data that is not critical for the analysis, and joining the temporary table to the productionMinute table. We are also planning on experimenting with different joins -- specifically an inner join -- to see if that would improve performance. What is the best query design for joining tables with the many:many relationship between the join predicates as outlined above? What is the best join type (left / right, inner)?

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  • Linq to SQL Web Service XML

    - by Bryan
    I built a .NET web service connecting to an MSSQL database. There is a web service call GetAllQuestions() that will not change. I saved the result of GetAllQuestions to GetAllQuestions.xml in the local application folder and set it to content. Normally I would get the result of the web service like this: var myService = new SATService(); var serviceQuestions = myService.GetAllQuestions(); I want to try something like: var serviceQuestions = File.Open("GetAllQuestions.xml"); Any suggestions are much appreciated!

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  • 2 large databases - worth merging into 1?

    - by Ardman
    I have 2 large databases that were sharded before. I now have removed the sharding and have created a new database with all of the data except for the tables that were originally sharded. Is it worth importing this data into the new database, or keeping them as seperate entities that I can just scan through? We are talking around 60million records in each sharded table, of which there are 2 tables. Also, whilst I have an empty table, should I be adding indexes which weren't thought of when the database was originally constructed and now too large to add them?

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  • How to make a GRANT persist for a table that's being dropped and re-created?

    - by Eli Courtwright
    I'm on a fairly new project where we're still modifying the design of our Oracle 11g database tables. As such, we drop and re-create our tables fairly often to make sure that our table creation scripts work as expected whenever we make a change. Our database consists of 2 schemas. One schema has some tables with INSERT triggers which cause the data to sometimes be copied into tables in our second schema. This requires us to log into the database with an admin account such as sysdba and GRANT access to the first schema to the necessary tables on the second schema, e.g. GRANT ALL ON schema_two.SomeTable TO schema_one; Our problem is that every time we make a change to our database design and want to drop and re-create our database tables, the access we GRANT-ed to schema_one went away when the table was dropped. Thus, this creates another annoying step wherein we must log in with an admin account to re-GRANT the access every time one of these tables is dropped and re-created. This isn't a huge deal, but I'd love to eliminate as many steps as possible from our development and testing procedures. Is there any way to GRANT access to a table in such a way that the GRANT-ed permissions survive a table being dropped and then re-created? And if this isn't possible, then is there a better way to go about this?

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  • get column names from a table where one of the column name is a key word.

    - by syedsaleemss
    Im using c# .net windows form application. I have created a database which has many tables. In one of the tables I have entered data. In this table I have 4 columns named key, name,age,value. Here the name "key" of the first column is a key word. Now I am trying to get these column names into a combo box. I am unable to get the name "key". It works for "key" when I use this code: private void comboseccolumn_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { string dbname = combodatabase.SelectedItem.ToString(); string path = @"Data Source=" + textBox1.Text + ";Initial Catalog=" + dbname + ";Integrated Security=SSPI"; //string path=@"Data Source=SYED-PC\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=resources;Integrated Security=SSPI"; SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(path); string tablename = comboBox2.SelectedItem.ToString(); //string query= "Select * from" +tablename+; //SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter(" Select [Key] ,value from " + tablename, con); SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter(" Select [" + combofirstcolumn.SelectedItem.ToString() + "]," + comboseccolumn.SelectedItem.ToString() + "\t from " + tablename, con); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); adp.Fill(dt); dataGridView1.DataSource = dt; } This is beacuse I am using "[" in the select query. But it wont work for non keys. Or if I remove the "[" it is not working for key . Please suggest me so that I can get both key as well as nonkey column names.

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  • How can I write query to output this format in SQLite?

    - by GivenPie
    I would like to output in this format: e.EE_id e.FNAME e.LNAME SUPer_id s.FNAME s.LNAME --- --------- -------------- --- ------------- ------------------- 1 Ziqiao Li 2 Charlie Li 1 Ziqiao Li 3 George Pee 2 Charlie Li 4 Jason Dee 2 Charlie Li 5 Petey Wee 2 Charlie Li From this table created : I need to display the Primary key and foreign key in the same results while displaying the foreign key name values for the primary key names. Create table Employees( ee_id integer, fname varchar(20), lname varchar(20), super_id integer, Constraint emp_Pk Primary Key (ee_id), Constraint emp_Fk Foreign Key (super_id) references employees (ee_id) ); INSERT INTO Employees VALUES(1,'Charlie','Li',null); INSERT INTO Employees VALUES(2,'Ziqiao','Lee',1); INSERT INTO Employees VALUES(3,'George','Pee',2); INSERT INTO Employees VALUES(4,'Jason','Dee',2); INSERT INTO Employees VALUES(5,'Petey','Wee',2); Select ee_id, fname, lname, super_id from employees; ee_id fname lname super_id ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Charlie Li 2 Ziqiao Lee 1 3 George Pee 2 4 Jason Dee 2 5 Petey Wee 2 Do I need to create a view?

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  • Using/Calling a cursor in another cursor - PL/Sql

    - by Cindy
    I have a function with a cursor which returns an ID. I need to get some fields in another cursor using this ID result from the first cursor. So my first cursor is: CREATE OR REPLACE function get_id(id number) CURSOR child_id IS SELECT table1_id FROM table1,child WHERE child_id = id AND table1_id = child_chld_id; Ideally my second cursor should be: cursor grandchild_id is select table1_id from table1,child where child_id = (return value of id from cursor child_id) and table1_id = child_chld_id; How do I do this?

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  • Product Catalog Schema design

    - by FlySwat
    I'm building a proof of concept schema for a product catalog to possibly replace a very aging and crufty one we use. In our business, we sell both physical materials and services (one time and reoccurring charges). The current catalog schema has each distinct category broken out into individual tables, while this is nicely normalized and performs well, it is fairly difficult to extend. Adding a new attribute to a particular product involves changing the table schema and backpopulating old data. An idea I've been toying with has been something along the line of a base set of entity tables in 3rd normal form, these will contain the facts that are common among ALL products. Then, I'd like to build an Attribute-Entity-Value schema that allows each entity type to be extended in a flexible way using just data and no schema changes. Finally, I'd like to denormalize this data model into materialized views for each individual entity type. This views are what the application would access. We also have many tables that contain business rules and compatibility rules. These would join against the base entity tables instead of the views. My big concerns here are: Performance - Attribute-Entity-Value schemas are flexible, but typically perform poorly, should I be concerned? More Performance - Denormalizing using materialized views may have some risks, I'm not positive on this yet. Complexity - While this schema is flexible and maintainable using just data, I worry that the complexity of the design might make future schema changes difficult. For those who have designed product catalogs for large scale enterprises, am I going down the totally wrong path? Is there any good best practice schema design reading available for product catalogs?

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