objected oriented design - Page 584

Using Flot's Bar Graph in an Android WebView with Highlighting

- by Nicholi

The issue is unhighlighting bars which are no longer selected in a bar graph plotted by flot in a WebView on Android. Got no other issues drawing the actual graphs (which look beautiful for something so simple btw). I am not extremely knowledgeable in terms of javascript and web design/development but it seems little should have been needed, if it would just work!! :( I believe I'm following the Flot API correctly, if not someone please scream and yell at me. It seems to work just fine in a non-mobile browser at least. Hoping someone has done this before, but if not I've got the minimal necessary code to poke at your droids if inquiring minds would like to test. I've tested on two Nexus Ones (both 2.2.1), and have tried targeting with Andriod 1.5 and 2.2 SDKs (my intention is to target 1.5 if possible). I've been attempting to hack away at this for far too long on my own now. What happens: 1. Graph loads fine with bars. All bars unhighlighted. 2. Select a bar in graph, gets highlighted fine (and a tooltip is placed). 3. Select a different bar in graph, old bar is unhighlighted, old tooltip removed, new bar highlighted and tooltip placed (still no problems). 4. Click in the vast darkness of the graph which should then unhighlight the last bar... but it doesn't. I've tried disabling flot's autohighlight and manually doing it as well to no avail. Looking into flot itself and only getting down to drawOverlay() where the issue seems to begin... An even more disturbing bug(?) appears if the fill bar option is enabled in the graph, but I'd rather just forget about that for now. Also grabbed the latest version of flot from their svn (r290), but made no different from last public release (v0.6). As a complete guess I'm thinking it's an issue with WebKit's javascript implementation (or something specific to Nexus Ones, which wouldn't be so bad), but if there is any ugly hack to just get it to work I'm all ears. I've thrown the graph data directly into the html/js, rather than deal with showing all the code involved in the Java-javascript handler and callbacks. The simple html placed in 'assets/flot/test/' with jquery.js and jquery.flot.js: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <script src="jquery.js"></script> <script src="jquery.flot.js"></script> <script id="source" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var lastItem = null; var plot = null; $(document).ready(function () { //window.testhandler.loadGraph(); // bind plotclick here $("#graphHolder").bind("plotclick", function (event, pos, item) { if (item) { var lastPoint = null; if (lastItem != null) lastPoint = lastItem.datapoint; if (!pointEquals(lastPoint, item.datapoint)) { //if (lastItem != null) // plot.unhighlight(lastItem.series, lastItem.datapoint); lastItem = item; $("#tooltip").remove(); //plot.highlight(item.series, item.datapoint); showTooltip(item.pageX, item.pageY, item.datapoint[1]); } } else if (lastItem != null) { plot.unhighlight(lastItem.series, lastItem.datapoint); // not unhighlighting anything //plot.unhighlight(); // doesn't work either, supposed to unhighlight everything lastItem = null; $("#tooltip").remove(); } }); GotGraph(); }); /** * Show a tooltip above bar in graph * @param {int} x Left coordinate of div * @param {int} y Top coordinate of div * @param {String} contents text to place in div */ function showTooltip(x, y, contents) { $('<div id="tooltip">' + contents + '</div>').css( { position: 'absolute', display: 'none', top: y, left: x, border: '1px solid #fdd', padding: '2px', 'background-color': '#fee', opacity: 0.80 }).appendTo("body").fadeIn(200); } /** * Draw the graph. This is a callback which will be called by Java * * @param {Object} seriesData * @param {Object} seriesOptions */ function GotGraph() { //seriesData, seriesOptions) { var seriesData = [{ "bars":{"lineWidth":2,"show":true,"barWidth":86400000,"align":"center","fill":false}, "data":[[1288569600000,10],[1288656000000,5],[1288742400000,12],[1288828800000,20],[1288915200000,14],[1289001600000,3],[1289174400000,22],[1289260800000,20],[1289347200000,10],[1289433600000,5],[1289520000000,12],[1289606400000,20],[1289692800000,14],[1289779200000,35]]}]; var seriesOptions = { "xaxis":{"twelveHourClock":false,"minTickSize":[1,"day"],"tickSize":[1,"day"],"timeformat":"%d","mode":"time"}, "yaxis":{"min":0}, "grid":{"clickable":true,"autoHighlight":true,"hoverable":false}}; plot = $.plot($("#graphHolder"), seriesData, seriesOptions); } function pointEquals(point1, point2) { if (point1 != null && point2 != null && typeof(point1) == typeof(point2) && point1.length == point2.length) { var i; for (i=0;i<point1.length;i++) { if (point1[i] != point2[i]) { return false; } } return true; } return false; } </script> </head> <body> <div id="graphHolder" STYLE="height:200px;width:400px"></div> </body> </html> The minimal amount of code necessary in onCreate in startup activity: @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); WebView mytestView = new WebView(this); mytestView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT)); setContentView(mytestView); mytestView.setBackgroundColor(0); mytestView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true); mytestView.setClickable(true); mytestView.setFocusable(false); mytestView.setFocusableInTouchMode(false); mytestView.loadUrl("file:///android_asset/flot/test/stats_graph.html"); }

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Detect bugs in this asp.net VB master page , default.aspx and detail.aspx page codes. [closed]

- by ITGURU2011

please help me in detecting some bugs, cosmetic issues, information design issues, programming issues in the Below code of master page and default.aspx page and detail.aspx page. also suggest me some way to make it work better. i seprated all the three pages with the names. Master Page <%@ Master Language="VB" CodeFile="Limo.master.vb" Inherits="Limo" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="ContentPlaceHolder2" runat="server"> </asp:ContentPlaceHolder> <link href="StyleSheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style type="text/css"> .style3 { color: #0000CC; font-family: Constantia; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: normal; } </style> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div class="ExternalDiv"> <div class="HeaderDiv"> <h1 class="style3"> Limousines</h1> <p class="style3">  </p> <div class="MenuDiv"> </div> <div class="ContentDiv"> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server"> </asp:ContentPlaceHolder> </div> </div> </div> </form> </body> </html> default.aspx page <%@ Page Language="VB" MasterPageFile="~/Limo.master" AutoEventWireup="false" CodeFile="default.aspx.vb" Inherits="list" title="List" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder2" Runat="Server"> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server"> <div style="height: 1343px; width: 727px"> <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AllowSorting="True" AutoGenerateColumns="False" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource2" style="top: 134px; left: 12px; position: absolute; height: 1337px; width: 531px"> <Columns> <asp:BoundField DataField="Limo_Types" HeaderText="Limo_Types" SortExpression="Limo_Types" /> <asp:HyperLinkField DataNavigateUrlFields="Limo_Types" DataNavigateUrlFormatString="Details.aspx?tag={0}" DataTextField="Limo_Types" HeaderText="Click for Detail" /> <asp:ImageField DataImageUrlField="Images" DataImageUrlFormatString="images/{0}" HeaderImageUrl="~/images/6.jpg" HeaderText="Thumbnail"> <ControlStyle Height="200px" Width="200px" /> <HeaderStyle Height="200px" Width="200px" /> <ItemStyle Height="200px" Width="200px" /> </asp:ImageField> </Columns> </asp:GridView> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server"></asp:SqlDataSource> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource2" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:ConnectionString5 %>" ProviderName="<%$ ConnectionStrings:ConnectionString5.ProviderName %>" SelectCommand="SELECT [Limo_Types], [Images] FROM [tag]"> </asp:SqlDataSource> </div> </asp:Content> details.aspx page <%@ Page Language="VB" MasterPageFile="~/Limo.master" AutoEventWireup="false" CodeFile="Details.aspx.vb" Inherits="Details" title="Details Page" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server"> <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" AllowSorting="True" BackColor="White" BorderColor="#999999" BorderStyle="Solid" BorderWidth="1px" CellPadding="3" ForeColor="Black" GridLines="Vertical"> <Columns> <asp:BoundField DataField="Limo_Types" HeaderText="Limo_Types" SortExpression="Limo_Types" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Name" SortExpression="Name" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Price" HeaderText="Price" SortExpression="Price" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Description" HeaderText="Description" SortExpression="Description" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Color" HeaderText="Color" SortExpression="Color" /> <asp:ImageField DataImageUrlField="Image" DataImageUrlFormatString="images/{0}" HeaderImageUrl="~/App_Data/images/1.jpg" HeaderText="Image" AccessibleHeaderText="Image" AlternateText="Image"> <ControlStyle Height="300px" Width="300px" /> </asp:ImageField> </Columns> <FooterStyle BackColor="#CCCCCC" /> <PagerStyle BackColor="#999999" ForeColor="Black" HorizontalAlign="Center" /> <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#000099" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="Black" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="#CCCCCC" /> </asp:GridView> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:ConnectionString %>" ProviderName="<%$ ConnectionStrings:ConnectionString.ProviderName %>" SelectCommand="SELECT [Limo_Types], [Name], [Price], [Image], [Description], [Color] FROM [Query1] WHERE ([Limo_Types] = ?)"> <SelectParameters> <asp:QueryStringParameter Name="Limo_Types" QueryStringField="tag" Type="String" /> </SelectParameters> </asp:SqlDataSource> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder2" Runat="Server"> </asp:Content>

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HTML/CSS formating

- by Codeguy007

I'm having to issues lining up items properly in my html code. I am not sure why they are lining up the way I want them to. First the header My Color Library is a full line height above the horizontal ruler. I want it right above the ruler. Second my X box in the td with the background is justified right fine but I actually want it in the top right hand corner not centered vertically. Here's some example html: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>FunctionalColor&Design</title> </head> <html> <body> <table style="width=900px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tr> <td> <P> <div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1em; font-weight: bolder; padding: 0px;">My Color Library</div> <div align="right" class="removeall"> <a href="colors"> <img src="http://2100computerlane.net/workingproject/images/x-button.png" /> <bold>Remove All</bold> </a> </div> <HR/></p> <div class="mycolor"> <table> <tr> <td style="border: none; background-color: #f8d3cf; width:125px; height:80px; border-spacing: 10px; padding:0;"> <div style="padding:0; vertical-align:top;" align="right" class="remove"> <a href="f8d3cf" style="padding: 0px;"> <img src="http://2100computerlane.net/workingproject/images/x-button.png" style="padding: 0px;"/> </a> </div> </td> <td style="border: none; width:10px;"></td> <td style="border: none; background-color: #f8d3cf; width:125px; height:80px; border-spacing: 10px; padding:0;"></td> <td style="border: none; width:10px;"></td> <td style="border: none; background-color: #f8d3cf; width:125px; height:80px; border-spacing: 10px; padding:0;"></td> <td style="border: none; width:10px;"></td> <td style="border: none; background-color: #f8d3cf; width:125px; height:80px; border-spacing: 10px; padding:0;"></td> <td style="border: none; width:10px;"></td> <td style="border: none; background-color: #f8d3cf; width:125px; height:80px; border-spacing: 10px; padding:0;"></td> <td style="border: none; width:10px;"></td> <td style="border: none; background-color: #f8d3cf; width:125px; height:80px; border-spacing: 10px; padding:0;"></td> <tr> <td style="border: none; font:.6em Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; width:125px; height:20px;">Desert Warmth<br/>70YR 56/190 A0542</td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

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how to count checked checkboxes in different divs

- by KMKMAHESH

<head><title>STUDENT WISE EXAM BACKLOGS DISPLAY FOR EXAM REGISTRATION</title> <style type="text/css"> th { font-family:Arial; color:black; border:1px solid #000; } thead { display:table-header-group; } tbody { display:table-row-group; } td { border:1px solid #000; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" > function check_value(year,sem){ ysem="ys"+year+sem; var reg=document.registration.regulation.value; subjectsys="subjects"+year+sem; amountsys="amount"+year+sem; if(year==1){ if(sem==1){ var value_list = document.getElementById("ys11").getElementsByTagName('input'); } if(sem==2){ var value_list = document.getElementById("ys12").getElementsByTagName('input'); } }elseif(year==2){ if(sem==1){ var value_list = document.getElementById("ys21").getElementsByTagName('input'); } if(sem==2){ var value_list = document.getElementById("ys22").getElementsByTagName('input'); } }elseif(year==3){ if(sem==1){ var value_list = document.getElementById("ys31").getElementsByTagName('input'); } if(sem==2){ var value_list = document.getElementById("ys32").getElementsByTagName('input'); } }elseif(year==4){ if(sem==1){ var value_list = document.getElementById("ys41").getElementsByTagName('input'); } if(sem==2){ var value_list = document.getElementById("ys42").getElementsByTagName('input'); } } values = 0; for (var i=0; i<value_list.length; i++){ if (value_list[i].checked) { values=values+1; } } document.getElementById(subjectsys).value=values; if (values=="0") { document.getElementById(amountsys).innerHTML=""; return; } if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else {// code for IE6, IE5 xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function() { if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200) { document.getElementById(amountsys).innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; } } xmlhttp.open("GET","fee.php?year="+year+"&reg="+reg+"&sem="+sem+"&sub="+values,true); xmlhttp.send(); } </script> </head> <form id="registration" name="registration" action=subverify.php method=POST></br></br> <center> Backlog Subjects for <b>08KN1A1219</b> </br></br> <table border='1'><tr> <th width='40'> </th><th width='90'>Regulation</th><th width='40'>Year</th> <th width='40'>Sem</th><th width='350'>Subname</th> <th width='70'>Internals</th><th width='70'>Externals</th> </tr><div id="ys41"><tr> <td width='40'><center><input type="checkbox" name="sub[]" value="344" onclick="check_value(4,1)"></center></td> <td width='90'><center>R07</center></td><td width='40'><center>4</center></td><td width='40'><center>1</center></td> <td width='350'>EMBEDDED SYSTEMS</td><td width='70'><center>18</center></td> <td width='70'><center>17</center></td></tr><tr><td colspan=5 align=right><b>Subjects: </b><input size=2 type=textbox id=subjects41 name=subjects41 value=0 maxlength=2 readonly=readonly></td> <td align=right><b>Amount :</b></td> <input type='hidden' name='regulation' id=regulationsubjects41 value='R07'> <td><div id="amount41"><input type="textbox" name="amountval41" value="0" size="5" maxlength="5" readonly="readonly"></div></td></tr></div><div id="ys42"><tr> <td width='40'><center><input type="checkbox" name="sub[]" value="527" onclick="check_value(4,2)"></center></td> <td width='90'><center>R07</center></td><td width='40'><center>4</center></td><td width='40'><center>2</center></td> <td width='350'>DESIGN PATTERNS</td><td width='70'><center>12</center></td> <td width='70'><center>14</center></td></tr><tr><td colspan=5 align=right><b>Subjects: </b><input size=2 type=textbox id=subjects42 name=subjects42 value=0 maxlength=2 readonly=readonly></td> <td align=right><b>Amount :</b></td> <input type='hidden' name='regulation' id=regulationsubjects42 value='R07'> <td><div id="amount42"><input type="textbox" name="amountval42" value="0" size="5" maxlength="5" readonly="readonly"></div></td></tr></div><tr><td colspan=7><center><b><div id="maintotal"><input type="textbox" name="maintotal" value="0" size="5" maxlength="5" readonly="readonly"></div></center></b></td></tr><tr></tr></table></br></br> <center><input type='hidden' name='htno' value='08KN1A1219'> <input type='submit' value='Register'></center></form></br> this is a output of a php file with using dynamic data in the form i want to count only the checkboxes in the div and it has to display in that subjectsdiv like subjects41 and subjects42 can any one please help me to update this javascript it passes some ajax request for displaying the fee

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Java MVC project - either I can't update the drawing, or I can't see it

- by user1881164

I've got a project based around the Model-View-Controller paradigm, and I've been having a lot of trouble with getting it to work properly. The program has 4 panels, which are supposed to allow me to modify an oval drawn on the screen in various ways. These seem to work fine, and after considerable trouble I was able to get them to display in the JFrame which holds the whole shebang. I've managed to get them to display by breaking away from the provided instructions, but when I do that, I can't seem to get the oval to update. However, if I follow the directions to the letter, I only ever see an empty frame. The project had pretty specific directions, which I followed up to a point, but some of the documentation was unclear. I think what I'm missing must be something simple, since nothing is jumping out at me as not making sense. I have to admit though that my Java experience is limited and my experience with GUI design/paradigms is even more so. Anyway, I've been searching the web and this site extensively trying to figure out what's wrong, but this is a somewhat specific example and honestly I just don't know enough about this to generalize any of the answers I've found online and figure out what's missing. I've been poring over this code for far too long now so I'm really hoping someone can help me out. public class Model { private Controller controller; private View view; private MvcFrame mvcFrame; private int radius = 44; private Color color = Color.BLUE; private boolean solid = true; //bunch of mutators and accessors for the above variables public Model() { controller = new Controller(this); view = new View(this); mvcFrame = new MvcFrame(this); } } Here's the model class. This seems to be fairly simple. I think my understanding of what's going on here is solid, and nothing seems to be wrong. Included mostly for context. public class Controller extends JPanel{ private Model model; public Controller(Model model) { this.model = model; setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.GREEN)); setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1)); add(new RadiusPanel(model)); add(new ColorPanel(model)); add(new SolidPanel(model)); add(new TitlePanel(model)); } } This is the Controller class. As far as I can tell, the setBorder, setLayout, and series of adds do nothing here. I had them commented out, but this is the way that the instructions told me to do things, so either there's a mistake there or something about my setup is wrong. However, when I did it this way, I would get an empty window (JFrame) but none of the panels would show up in it. What I did to fix this is put those add functions in the mvcFrame class: public class MvcFrame extends JFrame { private Model model; public MvcFrame(Model model){ this.model = model; //setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1)); //add(new RadiusPanel(model)); //add(new ColorPanel(model)); //add(new SolidPanel(model)); //add(new TitlePanel(model)); //add(new View(model)); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setLocationRelativeTo(null); setSize(800,600); setVisible(true); } } So here's where things kind of started getting weird. The first block of commented out code is the same as what's in the Controller class. The reason I have it commented out is because that was just a lucky guess - it's not supposed to be like that according to the instructions. However, this did work for getting the panels to show up - but at that point I was still tearing my hair out trying to get the oval to display. The other commented line ( add(new View(model)); ) was a different attempt at making things work. In this case, I put those add functions in the View class (see commented out code below). This actually worked to display both the oval and the panels, but that method wouldn't allow me to update the oval. Also, though I just had the oval displaying, I can't seem to figure out what exactly made that happen, and I can't seem to make it come back. public class View extends JPanel{ private Model model; public View(Model model) { this.model = model; //setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1)); //add(new RadiusPanel(model)); //add(new ColorPanel(model)); //add(new SolidPanel(model)); //add(new TitlePanel(model)); repaint(); } @Override protected void paintComponent(Graphics g){ super.paintComponent(g); //center of view panel, in pixels: int xCenter = getWidth()/2; int yCenter = getHeight()/2; int radius = model.getRadius(); int xStart = xCenter - radius; int yStart = yCenter - radius; int xWidth = 2 * radius; int yHeight = 2 * radius; g.setColor(model.getColor()); g.clearRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); if (model.isSolid()){ g.fillOval(xStart, yStart, xWidth, yHeight); } else { g.drawOval(xStart, yStart, xWidth, yHeight); } } } Kinda same idea as before - the commented out code is stuff I added to try to get things working, but is not based on the provided directions. In the case where that stuff was uncommented, I had the add(new View(model)); line from the mvcFrame line uncommented as well. The various panel classes (SolidPanel, ColorPanel, etc) simply extend a class called ControlPanel which extends JPanel. These all seem to work as expected, not having much issue with them. There is also a driver which launches the GUI. This also seems to work as expected. The main problem I'm having is that I can't get the oval to show up, and the one time I could make it show up, none of the options for changing it seemed to work. I feel like I'm close but I'm just at a loss for other things to try out at this point. Anyone who can help will have my sincerest gratitude.

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change an absolutely positioned webpage into a centered one

- by Jonathan

So I have this template design that is currently absolutely positioned, but I'm trying to make it centered in any widescreen browser. I've tried making the width auto on the left and right side in my container, but it is still aligned with the left side. Css .JosephSettin_png { position: absolute; left:0px; top:0px; width:216px; height:40px; background: url("JosephSettin.png") no-repeat; } .home_png { position: absolute; left:472px; top:16px; width:48px; height:16px; } .discography_png { position: absolute; left:528px; top:16px; width:80px; height:24px; } .purchase_png { position: absolute; left:608px; top:16px; width:88px; height:24px; } .about_png { position: absolute; left:696px; top:16px; width:48px; height:24px; } .contact_png { position: absolute; left:744px; top:16px; width:56px; height:24px; } .main__pic_png { position: absolute; left:0px; top:56px; width:264px; height:264px; background: url("main_pic.png") no-repeat; } .footer__lines_png { position: absolute; left:0px; top:512px; width:800px; height:24px; background: url("footer_lines.png") no-repeat; } .info__heading_png { position: absolute; left:32px; top:360px; width:216px; height:32px; background: url("info_heading.png") no-repeat; } .info__pic3_png { position: absolute; left:265px; top:360px; width:159px; height:112px; background: url("info_pic3.png") no-repeat; } .info__pic2_png { position: absolute; left:432px; top:360px; width:176px; height:112px; background: url("info_pic2.png") no-repeat; } .info__pic1_png { position: absolute; left:616px; top:360px; width:177px; height:112px; background: url("info_pic1.png") no-repeat; } .info__pane_png { position: absolute; left:0px; top:345px; width:800px; height:144px; background: url("info_pane.png") no-repeat; } body { text-align: center; background-color:maroon; } #wrapper { width: 800px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; } #a { text-decoration: none; color:white; font-weight:bold; } .style1 { font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF; } html <body> <center> <div id="wrapper"> <div class="JosephSettin_png"> </div> <div class="home_png"> <a href="home.html" style="color:yellow">Home</a></div> <div class="discography_png"> <a href="discography.html">Discography</a></div> <div class="purchase_png"><a href="store.html"><span class="style1">Store</span></a></div> <div class="about_png"><a href="about.html">About</a></div> <div class="contact_png"><a href="contact.html"><span class="style1"></span>Contact</a></div> <div class="ad_png"> </div> <div class="main__pic_png"> </div> <div class="welcome__header_png"> </div> <div class="welcome__text_png"> </div> <div class="footer__lines_png"> </div> <div class="footer__text_png"> </div> <div class="info__pane_png"></div> <div class="info__heading_png"> </div> <div class="info__text_png"> </div> <div class="info__pic3_png"> </div> <div class="info__pic2_png"> </div> <div class="info__pic1_png"> </div> <div class="info__pic3_png"> </div> </div> </center> </body> I know the container I create works if all my div classes aren't absolutely positioned. Do I have to change the position or did I make another error?

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Keyboard navigation for jQuery Tabs

- by Binyamin

How to make Keyboard navigation left/up/right/down (like for photo gallery) feature for jQury Tabs with History? Demo without Keyboard feature in http://dl.dropbox.com/u/6594481/tabs/index.html Needed functions: 1. on keyboardtop/down make select and CSS showactivenested ajax tabs from 1-st to last level 2. on keyboardleft/right changeback/forwardcontent ofactivenested ajax tabs tab 3. an extra option, makeactivenested ajax tab on 'cursor-on' on concrete nested ajax tabs level Read more detailed question with example pictures in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2975003/jquery-tools-to-make-keyboard-and-cookies-feature-for-ajaxed-tabs-with-history /** * @license * jQuery Tools @VERSION Tabs- The basics of UI design. * * NO COPYRIGHTS OR LICENSES. DO WHAT YOU LIKE. * * http://flowplayer.org/tools/tabs/ * * Since: November 2008 * Date: @DATE */ (function($) { // static constructs $.tools = $.tools || {version: '@VERSION'}; $.tools.tabs = { conf: { tabs: 'a', current: 'current', onBeforeClick: null, onClick: null, effect: 'default', initialIndex: 0, event: 'click', rotate: false, // 1.2 history: false }, addEffect: function(name, fn) { effects[name] = fn; } }; var effects = { // simple "toggle" effect 'default': function(i, done) { this.getPanes().hide().eq(i).show(); done.call(); }, /* configuration: - fadeOutSpeed (positive value does "crossfading") - fadeInSpeed */ fade: function(i, done) { var conf = this.getConf(), speed = conf.fadeOutSpeed, panes = this.getPanes(); if (speed) { panes.fadeOut(speed); } else { panes.hide(); } panes.eq(i).fadeIn(conf.fadeInSpeed, done); }, // for basic accordions slide: function(i, done) { this.getPanes().slideUp(200); this.getPanes().eq(i).slideDown(400, done); }, /** * AJAX effect */ ajax: function(i, done) { this.getPanes().eq(0).load(this.getTabs().eq(i).attr("href"), done); } }; var w; /** * Horizontal accordion * * @deprecated will be replaced with a more robust implementation */ $.tools.tabs.addEffect("horizontal", function(i, done) { // store original width of a pane into memory if (!w) { w = this.getPanes().eq(0).width(); } // set current pane's width to zero this.getCurrentPane().animate({width: 0}, function() { $(this).hide(); }); // grow opened pane to it's original width this.getPanes().eq(i).animate({width: w}, function() { $(this).show(); done.call(); }); }); function Tabs(root, paneSelector, conf) { var self = this, trigger = root.add(this), tabs = root.find(conf.tabs), panes = paneSelector.jquery ? paneSelector : root.children(paneSelector), current; // make sure tabs and panes are found if (!tabs.length) { tabs = root.children(); } if (!panes.length) { panes = root.parent().find(paneSelector); } if (!panes.length) { panes = $(paneSelector); } // public methods $.extend(this, { click: function(i, e) { var tab = tabs.eq(i); if (typeof i == 'string' && i.replace("#", "")) { tab = tabs.filter("[href*=" + i.replace("#", "") + "]"); i = Math.max(tabs.index(tab), 0); } if (conf.rotate) { var last = tabs.length -1; if (i < 0) { return self.click(last, e); } if (i > last) { return self.click(0, e); } } if (!tab.length) { if (current >= 0) { return self; } i = conf.initialIndex; tab = tabs.eq(i); } // current tab is being clicked if (i === current) { return self; } // possibility to cancel click action e = e || $.Event(); e.type = "onBeforeClick"; trigger.trigger(e, [i]); if (e.isDefaultPrevented()) { return; } // call the effect effects[conf.effect].call(self, i, function() { // onClick callback e.type = "onClick"; trigger.trigger(e, [i]); }); // default behaviour current = i; tabs.removeClass(conf.current); tab.addClass(conf.current); return self; }, getConf: function() { return conf; }, getTabs: function() { return tabs; }, getPanes: function() { return panes; }, getCurrentPane: function() { return panes.eq(current); }, getCurrentTab: function() { return tabs.eq(current); }, getIndex: function() { return current; }, next: function() { return self.click(current + 1); }, prev: function() { return self.click(current - 1); } }); // callbacks $.each("onBeforeClick,onClick".split(","), function(i, name) { // configuration if ($.isFunction(conf[name])) { $(self).bind(name, conf[name]); } // API self[name] = function(fn) { $(self).bind(name, fn); return self; }; }); if (conf.history && $.fn.history) { $.tools.history.init(tabs); conf.event = 'history'; } // setup click actions for each tab tabs.each(function(i) { $(this).bind(conf.event, function(e) { self.click(i, e); return e.preventDefault(); }); }); // cross tab anchor link panes.find("a[href^=#]").click(function(e) { self.click($(this).attr("href"), e); }); // open initial tab if (location.hash) { self.click(location.hash); } else { if (conf.initialIndex === 0 || conf.initialIndex > 0) { self.click(conf.initialIndex); } } } // jQuery plugin implementation $.fn.tabs = function(paneSelector, conf) { // return existing instance var el = this.data("tabs"); if (el) { return el; } if ($.isFunction(conf)) { conf = {onBeforeClick: conf}; } // setup conf conf = $.extend({}, $.tools.tabs.conf, conf); this.each(function() { el = new Tabs($(this), paneSelector, conf); $(this).data("tabs", el); }); return conf.api ? el: this; }; }) (jQuery); /** * @license * jQuery Tools @VERSION History "Back button for AJAX apps" * * NO COPYRIGHTS OR LICENSES. DO WHAT YOU LIKE. * * http://flowplayer.org/tools/toolbox/history.html * * Since: Mar 2010 * Date: @DATE */ (function($) { var hash, iframe, links, inited; $.tools = $.tools || {version: '@VERSION'}; $.tools.history = { init: function(els) { if (inited) { return; } // IE if ($.browser.msie && $.browser.version < '8') { // create iframe that is constantly checked for hash changes if (!iframe) { iframe = $("<iframe/>").attr("src", "javascript:false;").hide().get(0); $("body").append(iframe); setInterval(function() { var idoc = iframe.contentWindow.document, h = idoc.location.hash; if (hash !== h) { $.event.trigger("hash", h); } }, 100); setIframeLocation(location.hash || '#'); } // other browsers scans for location.hash changes directly without iframe hack } else { setInterval(function() { var h = location.hash; if (h !== hash) { $.event.trigger("hash", h); } }, 100); } links = !links ? els : links.add(els); els.click(function(e) { var href = $(this).attr("href"); if (iframe) { setIframeLocation(href); } // handle non-anchor links if (href.slice(0, 1) != "#") { location.href = "#" + href; return e.preventDefault(); } }); inited = true; } }; function setIframeLocation(h) { if (h) { var doc = iframe.contentWindow.document; doc.open().close(); doc.location.hash = h; } } // global histroy change listener $(window).bind("hash", function(e, h) { if (h) { links.filter(function() { var href = $(this).attr("href"); return href == h || href == h.replace("#", ""); }).trigger("history", [h]); } else { links.eq(0).trigger("history", [h]); } hash = h; window.location.hash = hash; }); // jQuery plugin implementation $.fn.history = function(fn) { $.tools.history.init(this); // return jQuery return this.bind("history", fn); }; })(jQuery); $(function() { $("#list").tabs("#content > div", {effect: 'ajax', history: true}); });

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IIS: No Session being handed out, but only in production

- by Wayne

I've reproduced this in a simple project - details below. It's a WCF service in ASP.NET compatibility mode. What I'm seeing is that when run on the dev machine (Win7), a HTTP session id is available inside the service operation (HttpContext.Current.Session is non-null). But when deployed to the server (Win2k8R2), I get "No session". On both machines the app is configured to use the classic app pool, and the app pools themselves are configured identically as far as I can tell. The only differences I can discern between the two applications is that on the dev box, under "Handler Mappings", ISAPI-dll is disabled (not on the server), and on the server there's a spurious handler called "AboMapperCustom-7105160" (does not exist on the dev box). What should I be looking at next? Am I missing something head-slappingly simple? Service is this: [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)] public class Service2 { [OperationContract] public string DoWork() { if (HttpContext.Current != null) { if (HttpContext.Current.Session != null) { return "SessionId: " + HttpContext.Current.Session.SessionID; } else { return "No Session"; } } else { return "No Context"; } } } Config is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,log4net, Version=1.2.9.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b32731d11ce58905" /> <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="scriptResourceHandler" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingScriptResourceHandlerSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" /> <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="jsonSerialization" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingJsonSerializationSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="Everywhere" /> <section name="profileService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingProfileServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" /> <section name="authenticationService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingAuthenticationServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" /> <section name="roleService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingRoleServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication" /> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <log4net> <appender name="LogFile" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender"> <file value="C:\Temp\Test.log4net.log" /> <rollingStyle value="Once" /> <maxSizeRollBackups value="10" /> <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> <conversionPattern value="%d{ISO8601} [%5t] %-5p %c{1} %m%n" /> </layout> </appender> <root> <level value="DEBUG" /> <appender-ref ref="LogFile" /> </root> </log4net> <appSettings /> <connectionStrings /> <system.web> <compilation debug="true"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Core, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089" /> <add assembly="System.Data.DataSetExtensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089" /> <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add assembly="System.Xml.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089" /> </assemblies> </compilation>  <authentication mode="Windows" />  <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" defaultRedirect="GenericErrorPage.htm"> <error statusCode="403" redirect="NoAccess.htm" /> <error statusCode="404" redirect="FileNotFound.htm" /> </customErrors> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.WebControls" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> </controls> </pages> <httpHandlers> <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx" /> <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" validate="false" /> </httpHandlers> <httpModules> <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> </httpModules> </system.web> <system.codedom> <compilers> <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" warningLevel="4" type="Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"> <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5" /> <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false" /> </compiler> </compilers> </system.codedom>  <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" /> <modules> <remove name="ScriptModule" /> <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="managedHandler" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> </modules> <handlers> <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated" /> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactory" /> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" /> <remove name="ScriptResource" /> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add name="ScriptResource" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> </handlers> </system.webServer> <runtime> <assemblyBinding appliesTo="v2.0.50727" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions.Design" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <basicHttpBinding> <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_Service2" maxBufferSize="2147483647" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647"> <security mode="TransportCredentialOnly"> <transport clientCredentialType="Windows" /> </security> </binding> </basicHttpBinding> </bindings> <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" /> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="WebApplication3.Service2Behavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="WebApplication3.Service2Behavior" name="WebApplication3.Service2"> <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_Service2" contract="WebApplication3.Service2" /> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> <system.diagnostics> <sources> <source name="System.ServiceModel" switchValue="Information, ActivityTracing" propagateActivity="true"> <listeners> <add name="traceListener" type="System.Diagnostics.XmlWriterTraceListener" initializeData="c:\Temp\Test2.svclog" /> </listeners> </source> </sources> <trace autoflush="true" indentsize="4"> <listeners> <add name="traceListener2" type="System.Diagnostics.TextWriterTraceListener" initializeData="c:\Temp\Test.log" traceOutputOptions="DateTime" /> </listeners> </trace> </system.diagnostics> </configuration> Testing with a simple console app: class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { ServiceReference1.Service2Client client = new ServiceReference1.Service2Client(); Console.WriteLine(client.DoWork()); Console.ReadKey(); } }

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Configuration Error ASP.NET password format specified is invalid

- by salvationishere

I am getting the above error in IIS 6.0 now when I browse my C# / SQL web application. This was built in VS 2008 and SS 2008 on a 32-bit XP OS. The application was working before I added Login controls to it. However, this is my first time configuring Login/password controls so I am probably missing something really basic. This error doesn't happen until I try to login. Here are the details of my error from IIS; I get the same error in VS: Parser Error Message: Password format specified is invalid. Source Error: Line 31: <add Line 32: name="SqlProvider" Line 33: type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider" Line 34: connectionStringName="AdventureWorksConnectionString2" Line 35: applicationName="AddFileToSQL2" Source File: C:\Inetpub\AddFileToSQL2\web.config Line: 33 And the relevant contents of my web.config are: <connectionStrings> <add name="Master" connectionString="server=MSSQLSERVER;database=Master; Integrated Security=SSPI" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> <add name="AdventureWorksConnectionString" connectionString="Data Source=SIDEKICK;Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;Integrated Security=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> <add name="AdventureWorksConnectionString2" connectionString="Data Source=SIDEKICK;Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;Integrated Security=True; " providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> </connectionStrings> <system.web> <membership defaultProvider="SqlProvider" userIsOnlineTimeWindow="15"> <providers> <clear /> <add name="SqlProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider" connectionStringName="AdventureWorksConnectionString2" applicationName="AddFileToSQL2" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="true" requiresUniqueEmail="false" passwordFormat="encrypted" /> </providers> </membership>  <roleManager enabled="true" /> <compilation debug="true"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Core, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Data.DataSetExtensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add assembly="System.Xml.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> </assemblies> </compilation>  <authentication mode="Forms"> <forms loginUrl="Password.aspx" protection="All" timeout="30" name="SqlAuthCookie" path="/FormsAuth" requireSSL="false" slidingExpiration="true" defaultUrl="default.aspx" cookieless="UseCookies" enableCrossAppRedirects="false" /> </authentication>  <authorization> <deny users="?" /> <allow users="*" /> </authorization>  <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.WebControls" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </controls> </pages> <httpHandlers> <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx"/> <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" validate="false"/> </httpHandlers> <httpModules> <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </httpModules> </system.web> <system.codedom> <compilers> <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" warningLevel="4" type="Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"> <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5"/> <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false"/> </compiler> </compilers> </system.codedom>  <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/> <modules> <remove name="ScriptModule"/> <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="managedHandler" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </modules> <handlers> <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated"/> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactory"/> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices"/> <remove name="ScriptResource"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptResource" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </handlers> </system.webServer> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions.Design" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> <system.net> <mailSettings> <smtp from="[email protected]"> <network host="SIDEKICK" password="" userName="" /> </smtp> </mailSettings> </system.net> </configuration> I checked and I do have an aspnetdb database in my SSMS. The Network Service account has SELECT, EXECUTE, INSERT, UPDATE access to this database. But one problem I see is that all of the tables in this database are empty except for aspnet_SchemaVersions, which just has 2 records (common and membership). Is this right? I added users and roles via ASP.NET Configuration wizard, and I believe I set this up correctly since I followed the Microsoft tutorial at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms998347.aspx. One other problem I see from VS is after adding content to my Page_Load on my initial login Password.aspx.cs file, I'm getting an invalid cast problem below. I googled this problem also but the solutions I saw confused me even more. The Page_Load section I added is: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Write("Hello, " + Server.HtmlEncode(User.Identity.Name)); FormsIdentity id = (FormsIdentity)User.Identity; FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = id.Ticket; Response.Write("<p/>TicketName: " + ticket.Name); Response.Write("<br/>Cookie Path: " + ticket.CookiePath); Response.Write("<br/>Ticket Expiration: " + ticket.Expiration.ToString()); Response.Write("<br/>Expired: " + ticket.Expired.ToString()); Response.Write("<br/>Persistent: " + ticket.IsPersistent.ToString()); Response.Write("<br/>IssueDate: " + ticket.IssueDate.ToString()); Response.Write("<br/>UserData: " + ticket.UserData); Response.Write("<br/>Version: " + ticket.Version.ToString()); } And the VS exception I'm getting: System.InvalidCastException was unhandled by user code Message="Unable to cast object of type 'System.Security.Principal.GenericIdentity' to type 'System.Web.Security.FormsIdentity'." Source="AddFileToSQL" StackTrace: at AddFileToSQL.Password.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) in C:\Documents and Settings\Admin\My Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\AddFileToSQL2\AddFileToSQL\Password.aspx.cs:line 22 at System.Web.Util.CalliHelper.EventArgFunctionCaller(IntPtr fp, Object o, Object t, EventArgs e) at System.Web.Util.CalliEventHandlerDelegateProxy.Callback(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) InnerException:

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Exporting a non public Type through public API

- by sachin

I am trying to follow Trees tutorial at: http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/110/BinaryTrees.html Here is the code I have written so far: package trees.bst; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.StringTokenizer; /** * * @author sachin */ public class BinarySearchTree { Node root = null; class Node { Node left = null; Node right = null; int data = 0; public Node(int data) { this.left = null; this.right = null; this.data = data; } } public void insert(int data) { root = insert(data, root); } public boolean lookup(int data) { return lookup(data, root); } public void buildTree(int numNodes) { for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) { int num = (int) (Math.random() * 10); System.out.println("Inserting number:" + num); insert(num); } } public int size() { return size(root); } public int maxDepth() { return maxDepth(root); } public int minValue() { return minValue(root); } public int maxValue() { return maxValue(root); } public void printTree() { //inorder traversal System.out.println("inorder traversal:"); printTree(root); System.out.println("\n--------------"); } public void printPostorder() { //inorder traversal System.out.println("printPostorder traversal:"); printPostorder(root); System.out.println("\n--------------"); } public int buildTreeFromOutputString(String op) { root = null; int i = 0; StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(op); while (st.hasMoreTokens()) { String stNum = st.nextToken(); int num = Integer.parseInt(stNum); System.out.println("buildTreeFromOutputString: Inserting number:" + num); insert(num); i++; } return i; } public boolean hasPathSum(int pathsum) { return hasPathSum(pathsum, root); } public void mirror() { mirror(root); } public void doubleTree() { doubleTree(root); } public boolean sameTree(BinarySearchTree bst) { //is this tree same as another given tree? return sameTree(this.root, bst.getRoot()); } public void printPaths() { if (root == null) { System.out.println("print path sum: tree is empty"); } List pathSoFar = new ArrayList(); printPaths(root, pathSoFar); } ///-------------------------------------------Public helper functions public Node getRoot() { return root; } //Exporting a non public Type through public API ///-------------------------------------------Helper Functions private boolean isLeaf(Node node) { if (node == null) { return false; } if (node.left == null && node.right == null) { return true; } return false; } ///----------------------------------------------------------- private boolean sameTree(Node n1, Node n2) { if ((n1 == null && n2 == null)) { return true; } else { if ((n1 == null || n2 == null)) { return false; } else { if ((n1.data == n2.data)) { return (sameTree(n1.left, n2.left) && sameTree(n1.right, n2.right)); } } } return false; } private void doubleTree(Node node) { //create a copy //bypass the copy to continue looping if (node == null) { return; } Node copyNode = new Node(node.data); Node temp = node.left; node.left = copyNode; copyNode.left = temp; doubleTree(copyNode.left); doubleTree(node.right); } private void mirror(Node node) { if (node == null) { return; } Node temp = node.left; node.left = node.right; node.right = temp; mirror(node.left); mirror(node.right); } private void printPaths(Node node, List pathSoFar) { if (node == null) { return; } pathSoFar.add(node.data); if (isLeaf(node)) { System.out.println("path in tree:" + pathSoFar); pathSoFar.remove(pathSoFar.lastIndexOf(node.data)); //only the current node, a node.data may be duplicated return; } else { printPaths(node.left, pathSoFar); printPaths(node.right, pathSoFar); } } private boolean hasPathSum(int pathsum, Node node) { if (node == null) { return false; } int val = pathsum - node.data; boolean ret = false; if (val == 0 && isLeaf(node)) { ret = true; } else if (val == 0 && !isLeaf(node)) { ret = false; } else if (val != 0 && isLeaf(node)) { ret = false; } else if (val != 0 && !isLeaf(node)) { //recurse further ret = hasPathSum(val, node.left) || hasPathSum(val, node.right); } return ret; } private void printPostorder(Node node) { //inorder traversal if (node == null) { return; } printPostorder(node.left); printPostorder(node.right); System.out.print(" " + node.data); } private void printTree(Node node) { //inorder traversal if (node == null) { return; } printTree(node.left); System.out.print(" " + node.data); printTree(node.right); } private int minValue(Node node) { if (node == null) { //error case: this is not supported return -1; } if (node.left == null) { return node.data; } else { return minValue(node.left); } } private int maxValue(Node node) { if (node == null) { //error case: this is not supported return -1; } if (node.right == null) { return node.data; } else { return maxValue(node.right); } } private int maxDepth(Node node) { if (node == null || (node.left == null && node.right == null)) { return 0; } int ldepth = 1 + maxDepth(node.left); int rdepth = 1 + maxDepth(node.right); if (ldepth > rdepth) { return ldepth; } else { return rdepth; } } private int size(Node node) { if (node == null) { return 0; } return 1 + size(node.left) + size(node.right); } private Node insert(int data, Node node) { if (node == null) { node = new Node(data); } else if (data <= node.data) { node.left = insert(data, node.left); } else { node.right = insert(data, node.right); } //control should never reach here; return node; } private boolean lookup(int data, Node node) { if (node == null) { return false; } if (node.data == data) { return true; } if (data < node.data) { return lookup(data, node.left); } else { return lookup(data, node.right); } } public static void main(String[] args) { BinarySearchTree bst = new BinarySearchTree(); int treesize = 5; bst.buildTree(treesize); //treesize = bst.buildTreeFromOutputString("4 4 4 6 7"); treesize = bst.buildTreeFromOutputString("3 4 6 3 6"); //treesize = bst.buildTreeFromOutputString("10"); for (int i = 0; i < treesize; i++) { System.out.println("Searching:" + i + " found:" + bst.lookup(i)); } System.out.println("tree size:" + bst.size()); System.out.println("maxDepth :" + bst.maxDepth()); System.out.println("minvalue :" + bst.minValue()); System.out.println("maxvalue :" + bst.maxValue()); bst.printTree(); bst.printPostorder(); int pathSum = 10; System.out.println("hasPathSum " + pathSum + ":" + bst.hasPathSum(pathSum)); pathSum = 6; System.out.println("hasPathSum " + pathSum + ":" + bst.hasPathSum(pathSum)); pathSum = 19; System.out.println("hasPathSum " + pathSum + ":" + bst.hasPathSum(pathSum)); bst.printPaths(); bst.printTree(); //bst.mirror(); System.out.println("Tree after mirror function:"); bst.printTree(); //bst.doubleTree(); System.out.println("Tree after double function:"); bst.printTree(); System.out.println("tree size:" + bst.size()); System.out.println("Same tree:" + bst.sameTree(bst)); BinarySearchTree bst2 = new BinarySearchTree(); bst2.buildTree(treesize); treesize = bst2.buildTreeFromOutputString("3 4 6 3 6"); bst2.printTree(); System.out.println("Same tree:" + bst.sameTree(bst2)); System.out.println("---"); } } Now the problem is that netbeans shows Warning: Exporting a non public Type through public API for function getRoot(). I write this function to get root of tree to be used in sameTree() function, to help comparison of "this" with given tree. Perhaps this is a OOP design issue... How should I restructure the above code that I do not get this warning and what is the concept I am missing here?

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Div not floating left

- by Davey

Can't seem to get this div to move to the left. Using wordpress. I tried a lot of things but am at a loss. Here is the css for the div: #portfolio li img { position: absolute; float: left; margin: 34px 50px 0 0; width: 942px; } Here is the header.php: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=<?php bloginfo('charset'); ?>" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="wp-content/themes/zenlite/layout.css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php bloginfo('template_directory'); ?>/print.css" media="print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="wp-content/themes/zenlite/color.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.kwicks-1.5.1.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.innerfade.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/custom.js"></script> <title> Wildfire </title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://wfithaca.com/js/jquery.lavalamp.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://wfithaca.com/js/jquery.easing.1.1.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://wfithaca.com/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function my_kwicks(){ $('.kwicks').kwicks({ duration: 300, max: 200, spacing: 0 }); } $(document).ready(function(){ my_kwicks(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready( function(){ $('ul#portfolio').innerfade({ speed: 1000, timeout: 5000, type: 'sequence', }); }); </script> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ $('li.headlink').hover( function() { $('ul', this).css('display', 'block'); }, function() { $('ul', this).css('display', 'none'); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="header"> <ul id="portfolio"> <li> <img src="http://wfithaca.com/images/banner1.png" /> </li> <li> <img src="http://wfithaca.com/images/banner1.png" /> </li> <li> <img src="http://wfithaca.com/images/banner1.png" /> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="navigation"> <div id="kwickbar"> <ul class="kwicks"> <li id="kwick1"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li id="kwick2"><a href="#">Menu</a></li> <li id="kwick3"><a href="#">Events</a></li> <li id="kwick4"><a href="#">Friends</a></li> <li id="kwick5"><a href="#">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> Here is the stylesheet: html,body { font-family:Tahoma, Verdana,Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:100%; padding:0; color:#fff; border-style:none; } a { text-decoration:none; } a:hover,a:active,a:focus { text-decoration:none; } ul li { list-style-type:none; } ul.dbem_events_list a:link {color: #A32725; text-decoration: underline; } ul.dbem_events_list a:visited {color: #A32725; text-decoration: underline; } ul.dbem_events_list a:hover {color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; } ul.dbem_events_list{text-decoration:none; list-style-type:none;} ul li ul li { list-style-type:none; } ul li ul li ul li { list-style-type: none; } q:before, q:after { content:""; } #wrapper { width:986px; margin: 0 auto; } #header { background-image:url('images/headframe.png'); width:986px; height:271px; } #kwickbar { padding: 25px 0 0 25px; } #navigation { width:984px; height: 100px; background-color: #000000; text-decoration:none; margin-left:1px; } .update-post { float:left; width:100px; } #content { float:left; height:100%; width:984px; background-color: #000000; text-decoration:none; margin-left:1px; } #postcontent{ height:100%; width:100%; } #content .post { float:left; width:90px; } #content .page,#content .attachment,.postcontent { color:#fff; width:720px; margin-top:15px; margin-left:30px; float:left; text-decoration:none; } .photo { width: 250px; height:700px; background-color:#000000; margin:0 0 0 880px; } .slideshow { height: 232px; width: 232px; margin:0 0 0 880px; } .slideshow img { border: 5px solid #000; } .post-title { margin:0; padding:0; } .post-title a { text-decoration:none; } .post-title a:hover,.post-title a:active,.post-title a:focus { text-decoration:underline; } #content .meta li,#content .prevnext li,#content .gallery li { list-style-image:none; list-style:none; } .meta { margin:5px 0 0; padding:0; font-size:.85em; } .meta ul,.meta li { margin:0; padding:0; } .meta ul { display:inline; } .meta li li { display:inline; padding-right:.3em; } .postfoot { clear:both; margin-bottom:20px; padding-bottom:10px; line-height:1.2em; } .author .posts-by { padding-top:10px; } #footer { clear:both; margin:0; padding:0 0 5px; text-align:center; font-size:.8em; border: 0; width:960px; } #footer ul { clear:both; margin:0; padding:0; } #footer li { display:inline; margin:0; padding:0 5px; } #footer li.rss { position:relative; top:3px; } .copyright { padding:50px 0 0 0; font-family:verdana; color:#ffffff; text-align:left; width:800px; font-size:0.8em; } .copyright a { text-decoration:none; color:#7E0000; font-weight:600; } .copyright a:hover { color:#C0D341; } . .postcontent p { text-decoration:none; border:0; border-style:none; } .postcontent p a:hover { color:#fff; } .kwicks { list-style-type: none; list-style-position:outside; position: relative; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .kwicks li{ display: block; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; float: left; width: 125px; height: 40px; margin-right: 0px; background-image:url('http://wfithaca.com/images/kwicks.jpg'); background-repeat:no-repeat; } .kwicks a{ display:block; height:40px; text-indent:-9999px; outline:none; } #kwick1 { background-position:0px 0px; } #kwick2 { background-position:-200px 0px; } #kwick3 { background-position:-400px 0px; } #kwick4 { background-position:-600px 0px; } #kwick5 { background-position:-800px 0px; } #kwick1.active, #kwick1:hover { background-position: 0 bottom; } #kwick2.active, #kwick2:hover{ background-position: -200px bottom; } #kwick3.active, #kwick3:hover { background-position: -400px bottom; } #kwick4.active, #kwick4:hover { background-position: -600px bottom; } #kwick5.active, #kwick5:hover { background-position: -800px bottom; } #portfolio li img { position: absolute; float: left; margin: 34px 50px 0 0; width: 942px; } Just want the #portfolio li img div to move to the left a bit. any help would be greatly appreciated.

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Receive MMS images and make album using iamge using j2me

- by Abdul Basit

I am trying to made application which receive MMS images and make a album from them user can view the pictures while running this application. I am facing problem while running application on mobile. while this application is fully working in wireless tookit emulator. Please guide me to fix this problem.`//package hello; import javax.microedition.midlet.; import javax.microedition.lcdui.; import javax.wireless.messaging.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Vector; import javax.microedition.io.Connector; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display; //, ItemStateListener public class MMSS extends MIDlet implements CommandListener, Runnable, MessageListener { //-----------------------------------Receive MMS --------------------------- private Thread mReceiver = null; private boolean mEndNow = false; private Message msg = null; String msgReceived = null; private Image[] receivedImage = new Image[5]; private Command mExitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 2); private Command mRedCommand = new Command("Back", Command.SCREEN, 1); private Command mBlueCommand = new Command("Next", Command.SCREEN, 1); private Command mPlay = new Command("Play", Command.SCREEN, 1); protected static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE = "/MMSS_logo.jpg"; //protected static final String DEFAULT_IMAGE = "/wait.png"; private Display mDisplay = null; //protected ImageItem mColorSquare = null; protected Image mInitialImage = null; private String mAppID = "MMSMIDlet"; private TextField imageName = null; //private Form mForm = null; private int count = 0; private int next = 0; private Integer mMonitor = new Integer(0); //----------------------------------- End Receive MMS --------------------------- private boolean midletPaused = false; private Command exitCommand; private Command exitCommand1; private Command backCommand; private Form form; private StringItem stringItem; private ImageItem imageItem; private Image image1; private Alert alert; private List locationList; private Alert cannotAddLocationAlert; public MMSS() { } /** * Initilizes the application. * It is called only once when the MIDlet is started. The method is called before the startMIDlet method. */ private void initialize() { } /** * Performs an action assigned to the Mobile Device - MIDlet Started point. */ public void startMIDlet() { // write pre-action user code here switchDisplayable(null, getForm()); // write post-action user code here } /** * Performs an action assigned to the Mobile Device - MIDlet Resumed point. */ public void resumeMIDlet() { } /** * Switches a current displayable in a display. The display instance is taken from getDisplay method. This method is used by all actions in the design for switching displayable. * @param alert the Alert which is temporarily set to the display; if null, then nextDisplayable is set immediately * @param nextDisplayable the Displayable to be set / public void switchDisplayable(Alert alert, Displayable nextDisplayable) {//GEN-END:|5-switchDisplayable|0|5-preSwitch // write pre-switch user code here Display display = getDisplay();//GEN-BEGIN:|5-switchDisplayable|1|5-postSwitch if (alert == null) { display.setCurrent(nextDisplayable); } else { display.setCurrent(alert, nextDisplayable); } } /* * Called by a system to indicated that a command has been invoked on a particular displayable. * @param command the Command that was invoked * @param displayable the Displayable where the command was invoked */ public void commandAction(Command command, Displayable displayable) { // write pre-action user code here if (displayable == form) { if (command == exitCommand) { // write pre-action user code here exitMIDlet(); // write post-action user code here } } // write post-action user code here } /** * Returns an initiliazed instance of exitCommand component. * @return the initialized component instance */ public Command getExitCommand() { if (exitCommand == null) { // write pre-init user code here exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 0); // write post-init user code here } return exitCommand; } /** * Returns an initiliazed instance of form component. * @return the initialized component instance */ public Form getForm() { if (form == null) { // write pre-init user code here form = new Form("Welcome to MMSS", new Item[] { getStringItem(), getImageItem() }); form.addCommand(getExitCommand()); form.setCommandListener(this); // write post-init user code here } return form; } /** * Returns an initiliazed instance of stringItem component. * @return the initialized component instance */ public StringItem getStringItem() { if (stringItem == null) { // write pre-init user code here stringItem = new StringItem("Hello", "Hello, World!"); // write post-init user code here } return stringItem; } /** * Returns an initiliazed instance of exitCommand1 component. * @return the initialized component instance / public Command getExitCommand1() { if (exitCommand1 == null) { // write pre-init user code here exitCommand1 = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 0); // write post-init user code here } return exitCommand1; } /* * Returns an initiliazed instance of imageItem component. * @return the initialized component instance */ public ImageItem getImageItem() { if (imageItem == null) { // write pre-init user code here imageItem = new ImageItem("imageItem", getImage1(), ImageItem.LAYOUT_CENTER | Item.LAYOUT_TOP | Item.LAYOUT_BOTTOM | Item.LAYOUT_VCENTER | Item.LAYOUT_EXPAND | Item.LAYOUT_VEXPAND, "");//GEN-LINE:|26-getter|1|26-postInit // write post-init user code here } return imageItem; } /** * Returns an initiliazed instance of image1 component. * @return the initialized component instance */ public Image getImage1() { if (image1 == null) { // write pre-init user code here try { image1 = Image.createImage("/B.jpg"); } catch (java.io.IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // write post-init user code here } return image1; } /** * Returns a display instance. * @return the display instance. */ public Display getDisplay () { return Display.getDisplay(this); } /** * Exits MIDlet. */ public void exitMIDlet() { switchDisplayable (null, null); destroyApp(true); notifyDestroyed(); } /** * Called when MIDlet is started. * Checks whether the MIDlet have been already started and initialize/starts or resumes the MIDlet. */ public void startApp() { if (midletPaused) { resumeMIDlet (); } else { initialize (); startMIDlet (); } midletPaused = false; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// try { conn = (MessageConnection) Connector.open("mms://:" + mAppID); conn.setMessageListener(this); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("startApp caught: "); e.printStackTrace(); } if (conn != null) { startReceive(); } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// } /** * Called when MIDlet is paused. */ public void pauseApp() { midletPaused = true; mEndNow = true; try { conn.setMessageListener(null); conn.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { System.out.println("pausetApp caught: "); ex.printStackTrace(); } } /** * Called to signal the MIDlet to terminate. * @param unconditional if true, then the MIDlet has to be unconditionally terminated and all resources has to be released. */ public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) { mEndNow = true; try { conn.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { System.out.println("destroyApp caught: "); ex.printStackTrace(); } } private void startReceive() { mEndNow = false; //---- Start receive thread mReceiver = new Thread(this); mReceiver.start(); } protected MessageConnection conn = null; protected int mMsgAvail = 0; // -------------------- Get Next Images ------------------------------------ private void getMessage() { synchronized(mMonitor) { mMsgAvail++; mMonitor.notify(); } } // -------------------- Display Images Thread ------------------------------ public void notifyIncomingMessage(MessageConnection msgConn) { if (msgConn == conn) getMessage(); } public void itemStateChanged(Item item) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); } class SetImage implements Runnable { private Image img = null; public SetImage(Image inImg) { img = inImg; } public void run() { imageItem.setImage(img); imageName.setString(Integer.toString(count)); } } public void run() { mMsgAvail = 0; while (!mEndNow) { synchronized(mMonitor) { // Enter monitor if (mMsgAvail <= 0) try { mMonitor.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { } mMsgAvail--; } try { msg = conn.receive(); if (msg instanceof MultipartMessage) { MultipartMessage mpm = (MultipartMessage)msg; MessagePart[] parts = mpm.getMessageParts(); if (parts != null) { for (int i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { MessagePart mp = parts[i]; byte[] ba = mp.getContent(); receivedImage[count] = Image.createImage(ba, 0, ba.length); } Display.getDisplay(this).callSerially(new SetImage(receivedImage[count])); } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Receive thread caught: "); e.printStackTrace(); } count++; } // of while } } `

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Background Image not showing up in IE8

- by Davey

So I have a tiny header image that repeats on the x axis, but for some reason it won't show up in IE8. Anyone know a work around? Thanks in advanced. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta content='' name='description' /> <meta content='' name='keywords' /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" media="screen" /> <title>Book Site</title> </head> <body> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="header"> <div id="title"> <span class="maintitle">Site Title Goes Here</span> <br /> <span class="subtitle">Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction & Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman, editors</span> </div> <img class="thebook" src="images/thebook.png" /> <span class="bookblurb"> <span class="bookbuy">Buy the book</span> get it online <br /> from Columbia, Hurst or your favorite reseller </span> </div> <div id="navbar"> <ul> <li>HOME</li> <li>ABOUT THE BOOK</li> <li>AUTHORS</li> <li>NEWS & EVENTS</li> <li>KIGALI PUBLIC LIBRARY</li> <li>CONTACT US</li> </ul> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="blockone"> <div id="polaroid"> <img class="polaroid" src="images/polaroid.png" /> <br /> <span class="roidplace">Gisimba Memorial Centre</span> <br /> <span class="roidname">Kigali, Rwanda</span> </div> <div id="textblockone"> <h3>An incisive analysis of genocide and its aftermath</h3> <br /> <span class="description">In After Genocide leading scholars and practitioners analyse the political, legal and regional impact of events in post-genocide Rwanda within the broader themes of transitional justice, reconstruction and reconciliation. Given the forthcoming fifteenth anniversary of the Rwandan genocide, and continued mass violence in Africa, especially in Darfur, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and northern Uganda, this volume is unquestionably of continuing relevance. </span> </div> </div> <div id="form"> <div id="statement"> This book should be labeled for the mature individual only. But for that mature individual it is of extreme interest. It shows, far from any Manichean stereotyping, the many facets of having to try to live in an impossibly complex social and human situation. Highly recommended. <br /><br /> <span class="author">-Grard Prunier</span> <br /><span class="bookname">The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (Hurst, 1995)</span> </div> <div id="contactform"> <span class="contactus">Contact us for additional information and site updates</span> <br /> <span class="theform"> <form class="forming"> Name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /> <br /> Title: <input type="text" name="title" /> <br /> Institution: <input type="text" name="institution" /> <br /> Email: <input type="text" name="email" /> <br /> Message: <input type="text" name="message" class="message" /> </form> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <p class="footernav">© 2008 After Genocide <span class="footerlinks">Sitemap | Terms | Privacy | Contact </span> <span class="plug">Web design by <span class="avity">Avity</span> </p> </div> </div> </body> </html> ----------------css------------------- html, body { margin:0; padding:0; background-color:#fdffe3; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #wrapper { width:1020px; margin:0 auto; } /*begin header style*/ #header { background:url("images/headback.png")repeat-x; width:1020px; height:120px; font-family:arial; position:relative; } #title { width:565px; height:100px; float:left; margin:20px 0 0 100px; } .maintitle { font-size:40px; } .subtitle { font-size:13px; } .thebook { float:left; margin:10px 0 0 30px; border:2px solid #666666; } .bookblurb { float:left; width:110px; margin:15px 0 0 15px; font-size:13px; } .bookbuy { font-weight:bold; font-size:14px; } /*end header style*/ /*begin navigation style*/ #navbar { margin:5px 0 0 0; height: 30px; width: 1020px; background-color: #3a3e30; } #navbar ul { padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #FFF; line-height: 30px; white-space: nowrap; margin:0 0 0 140px; } #navbar ul li { list-style-type: none; display: inline; margin:0 40px 0 0; } /*end navigation style*/ /*begin content style*/ #content { width:775px; margin:0 auto; } #blockone { margin:25px 0 0 0; } #polaroid { float:left; width:230px; } .roidplace { font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; } .roidname { font-size:11px; margin:0 0 0 40px; } #textblockone { width:745px; margin:0 0 0 0; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .description { font-size:13px; } #form { background:url("images/formbackround.png") no-repeat; width:758px; height:231px; margin:80px 0 0 10px; } #statement { width:320px; margin:30px 0 0 30px; position:absolute; font-size:15px; font-style:italic; float:left; } .author { font-weight:bold; font-size:14; } .bookname { font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; color:#3f91ad; } #contactform { float:right; width:320px; margin:20px 30px 0 0; } .contactus { font-weight:bold; font-size:12px; } .theform { } .forming { } .message { height:50px; } #footer { width:1020px; height:65px; background-color:#dfdacc; margin:35px 0 0 0; font-size:13px; font-weight:bold; } .footernav { margin:30px 0 0 150px; position:absolute; width:1020px; } .footerlinks { margin:0 10px 0 10px; color:#0f77a9; } .plug { margin:0 0 0 175px; } .avity { color:#0f77a9; } Live site: http://cheapramen.com/testsite/

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Using repaint() method.

- by owca

I'm still struggling to create this game : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2844190/choosing-design-method-for-ladder-like-word-game .I've got it almost working but there is a problem though. When I'm inserting a word and it's correct, the whole window should reload, and JButtons containing letters should be repainted with different style. But somehow repaint() method for the game panel (in Main method) doesn't affect it at all. What am I doing wrong ? Here's my code: Main: import java.util.Scanner; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args){ final JFrame f = new JFrame("Ladder Game"); Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Creating game data..."); System.out.println("Height: "); //setting height of the grid while (!sc.hasNextInt()) { System.out.println("int, please!"); sc.next(); } final int height = sc.nextInt(); /* * I'm creating Grid[]game. Each row of game contains Grid of Element[]line. * Each row of line contains Elements, which are single letters in the game. */ Grid[]game = new Grid[height]; for(int L = 0; L < height; L++){ Grid row = null; int i = L+1; String s; do { System.out.println("Length "+i+", please!"); s = sc.next(); } while (s.length() != i); Element[] line = new Element[s.length()]; Element single = null; String[] temp = null; String[] temp2 = new String[s.length()]; temp = s.split(""); for( int j = temp2.length; j>0; j--){ temp2[j-1] = temp[j]; } for (int k = 0 ; k < temp2.length ; k++) { if( k == 0 ){ single = new Element(temp2[k], 2); } else{ single = new Element(temp2[k], 1); } line[k] = single; } row = new Grid(line); game[L] = row; } //############################################ //THE GAME STARTS HERE //############################################ //create new game panel with box layout JPanel panel = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); panel.setBackground(Color.ORANGE); panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10)); //for each row of the game array add panel containing letters Single panel //is drawn with Grid's paint() method and then returned here to be added for(int i = 0; i < game.length; i++){ panel.add(game[i].paint()); } f.setContentPane(panel); f.pack(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setVisible(true); boolean end = false; boolean word = false; String text; /* * Game continues until solved() returns true. First check if given word matches the length, * and then the value of any row. If yes - change state of each letter from EMPTY * to OTHER_LETTER. Then repaint the window. */ while( !end ){ while( !word ){ text = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Input word: "); for(int i = 1; i< game.length; i++){ if(game[i].equalLength(text)){ if(game[i].equalValue(text)){ game[i].changeState(3); f.repaint(); //simple debug - I'm checking if letter, and //state values for each Element are proper for(int k=0; k<=i; k++){ System.out.print(game[k].e[k].letter()); } System.out.println(); for(int k=0; k<=i; k++){ System.out.print(game[k].e[k].getState()); } System.out.println(); //set word to true and ask for another word word = true; } } } } word = false; //check if the game has ended for(int i = 0; i < game.length; i++){ if(game[i].solved()){ end = true; } else { end = false; } } } } } Element: import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class Element { final int INVISIBLE = 0; final int EMPTY = 1; final int FIRST_LETTER = 2; final int OTHER_LETTER = 3; private int state; private String letter; public Element(){ } //empty block public Element(int state){ this("", 0); } //filled block public Element(String s, int state){ this.state = state; this.letter = s; } public JButton paint(){ JButton button = null; if( state == EMPTY ){ button = new JButton(" "); button.setBackground(Color.WHITE); } else if ( state == FIRST_LETTER ){ button = new JButton(letter); button.setBackground(Color.red); } else { button = new JButton(letter); button.setBackground(Color.yellow); } return button; } public void changeState(int s){ state = s; } public void setLetter(String s){ letter = s; } public String letter(){ return letter; } public int getState(){ return state; } } Grid: import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class Grid extends JPanel{ public Element[]e; private Grid[]g; public Grid(){} public Grid( Element[]elements ){ e = new Element[elements.length]; for(int i=0; i< e.length; i++){ e[i] = elements[i]; } } public Grid(Grid[]grid){ g = new Grid[grid.length]; for(int i=0; i<g.length; i++){ g[i] = grid[i]; } Dimension d = new Dimension(600, 600); setMinimumSize(d); setPreferredSize(new Dimension(d)); setMaximumSize(d); } //for Each element in line - change state to i public void changeState(int i){ for(int j=0; j< e.length; j++){ e[j].changeState(3); } } //create panel which will be single row of the game. Add elements to the panel. // return JPanel to be added to grid. public JPanel paint(){ JPanel panel = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, e.length)); panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(2, 2, 2, 2)); for(int j = 0; j < e.length; j++){ panel.add(e[j].paint()); } return panel; } //check if the length of given string is equal to length of row public boolean equalLength(String s){ int len = s.length(); boolean equal = false; for(int j = 0; j < e.length; j++){ if(e.length == len){ equal = true; } } return equal; } //check if the value of given string is equal to values of elements in row public boolean equalValue(String s){ int len = s.length(); boolean equal = false; String[] temp = null; String[] temp2 = new String[len]; temp = s.split(""); for( int j = len; j>0; j--){ temp2[j-1] = temp[j]; } for(int j = 0; j < e.length; j++){ if( e[j].letter().equals(temp2[j]) ){ equal = true; } else { equal = false; } } if(equal){ for(int i = 0; i < e.length; i++){ e[i].changeState(3); } } return equal; } //check if the game has finished public boolean solved(){ boolean solved = false; for(int j = 0; j < e.length; j++){ if(e[j].getState() == 3){ solved = true; } else { solved = false; } } return solved; } }

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MS Dynamics CRM trapping .NET error before I can handle it

- by clifgriffin

This is a fun one. I have written a custom search page that provides faster, more user friendly searches than the default Contacts view and also allows searching of Leads and Contacts simultaneously. It uses GridViews bound to SqlDataSources that query filtered views. I'm sure someone will complain that I'm not using the web services for this, but this is just the design decision we made. These GridViews live in UpdatePanels to enable very slick AJAX updates upon search. It's all working great. Nearly ready to be deployed, except for one thing: Some long running searches are triggering an uncatchable SQL timeout exception. [SqlException: Timeout expired. The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding.] at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Run(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader.ConsumeMetaData() at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader.get_MetaData() at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.FinishExecuteReader(SqlDataReader ds, RunBehavior runBehavior, String resetOptionsString) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReaderTds(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, Boolean async) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReader(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, String method, DbAsyncResult result) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReader(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, String method) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior, String method) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteDbDataReader(CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.Common.DbCommand.System.Data.IDbCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.FillInternal(DataSet dataset, DataTable[] datatables, Int32 startRecord, Int32 maxRecords, String srcTable, IDbCommand command, CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.Fill(DataSet dataSet, Int32 startRecord, Int32 maxRecords, String srcTable, IDbCommand command, CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.Fill(DataSet dataSet, String srcTable) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteSelect(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) at System.Web.UI.DataSourceView.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments, DataSourceViewSelectCallback callback) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataBoundControl.PerformSelect() at System.Web.UI.WebControls.BaseDataBoundControl.DataBind() at System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridView.DataBind() at System.Web.UI.WebControls.BaseDataBoundControl.EnsureDataBound() at System.Web.UI.WebControls.CompositeDataBoundControl.CreateChildControls() at System.Web.UI.Control.EnsureChildControls() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) I found that CRM is doing a server.transfer to capture this error because my UpdatePanels started throwing JavaSript errors when this error would occur. I was only able to get the full error message by using the JavaScript debugger in IE. Having found this error, I thought the solution would be simple. I just needed to wrap my databind calls in try/catch blocks to capture any errors. Unfortunately it seems CRM's IIS configuration has the magic ability to capture this error before it ever gets back to my code. Using the debugger I never see it. It never gets to my catch blocks, but it's clearly happening in the SQL Data Source which is clearly (by the stack trace) being triggered by my GridView bind. Any ideas on this? It's driving me crazy. Code Behind (with some irrelevant functions omitted): protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { //Initialize some stuff this.bannerOracle = new OdbcConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["OracleConnectionString"].ConnectionString); //Prospect default HideProspects(); HideProspectAddressColumn(); //Contacts default HideContactAddressColumn(); //Default error messages gvContacts.EmptyDataText = "Sad day. Your search returned no contacts."; gvProspects.EmptyDataText = "Sad day. Your search returned no prospects."; //New search try { SearchContact(null, -1); } catch { gvContacts.EmptyDataText = "Oops! An error occured. This may have been a timeout. Please try your search again."; gvContacts.DataSource = null; gvContacts.DataBind(); } } protected void txtSearchString_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if(!String.IsNullOrEmpty(txtSearchString.Text)) { try { SearchContact(txtSearchString.Text, Convert.ToInt16(lstSearchType.SelectedValue)); } catch { gvContacts.EmptyDataText = "Oops! An error occured. This may have been a timeout. Please try your search again."; gvContacts.DataSource = null; gvContacts.DataBind(); } if (chkProspects.Checked == true) { try { SearchProspect(txtSearchString.Text, Convert.ToInt16(lstSearchType.SelectedValue)); } catch { gvProspects.EmptyDataText = "Oops! An error occured. This may have been a timeout. Please try your search again."; gvProspects.DataSource = null; gvProspects.DataBind(); } finally { ShowProspects(); } } else { HideProspects(); } } } protected void SearchContact(string search, int type) { SqlCRM_Contact.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MSSQLConnectionString"].ConnectionString; gvContacts.DataSourceID = "SqlCRM_Contact"; string strQuery = ""; string baseQuery = @"SELECT filteredcontact.contactid, filteredcontact.new_libertyid, filteredcontact.fullname, 'none' AS line1, filteredcontact.emailaddress1, filteredcontact.telephone1, filteredcontact.birthdateutc AS birthdate, filteredcontact.gendercodename FROM filteredcontact "; switch(type) { case LASTFIRST: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE fullname LIKE @value AND filteredcontact.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case LAST: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE lastname LIKE @value AND filteredcontact.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case FIRST: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE firstname LIKE @value AND filteredcontact.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case LIBERTYID: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE new_libertyid LIKE @value AND filteredcontact.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case EMAIL: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE emailaddress1 LIKE @value AND filteredcontact.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case TELEPHONE: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE telephone1 LIKE @value AND filteredcontact.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case BIRTHDAY: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE filteredcontact.birthdateutc BETWEEN @dateStart AND @dateEnd AND filteredcontact.statecode = 0"; try { DateTime temp = DateTime.Parse(search); if (temp.Year < 1753 || temp.Year > 9999) { search = string.Empty; } else { search = temp.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"); } } catch { search = string.Empty; } SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("dateStart", DbType.String, search.Trim() + " 00:00:00.000"); SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("dateEnd", DbType.String, search.Trim() + " 23:59:59.999"); break; case SSN: //Do something break; case ADDRESS: strQuery = @"SELECT contactid, new_libertyid, fullname, line1, emailaddress1, telephone1, birthdate, gendercodename FROM (SELECT FC.contactid, FC.new_libertyid, FC.fullname, FA.line1, FC.emailaddress1, FC.telephone1, FC.birthdateutc AS birthdate, FC.gendercodename, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY FC.contactid ORDER BY FC.contactid DESC) AS rn FROM filteredcontact FC INNER JOIN FilteredCustomerAddress FA ON FC.contactid = FA.parentid WHERE FA.line1 LIKE @value AND FA.addressnumber <> 1 AND FC.statecode = 0 ) AS RESULTS WHERE rn = 1"; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); ShowContactAddressColumn(); break; default: strQuery = @"SELECT TOP 500 filteredcontact.contactid, filteredcontact.new_libertyid, filteredcontact.fullname, 'none' AS line1, filteredcontact.emailaddress1, filteredcontact.telephone1, filteredcontact.birthdateutc AS birthdate, filteredcontact.gendercodename FROM filteredcontact WHERE filteredcontact.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Contact.SelectCommand = strQuery; break; } if (type != ADDRESS) { HideContactAddressColumn(); } gvContacts.PageIndex = 0; //try //{ // SqlCRM_Contact.DataBind(); //} //catch //{ // SqlCRM_Contact.DataBind(); //} gvContacts.DataBind(); } protected void SearchProspect(string search, int type) { SqlCRM_Prospect.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MSSQLConnectionString"].ConnectionString; gvProspects.DataSourceID = "SqlCRM_Prospect"; string strQuery = ""; string baseQuery = @"SELECT filteredlead.leadid, filteredlead.fullname, 'none' AS address1_line1, filteredlead.emailaddress1, filteredlead.telephone1, filteredlead.lu_dateofbirthutc AS lu_dateofbirth, filteredlead.lu_gendername FROM filteredlead "; switch (type) { case LASTFIRST: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE fullname LIKE @value AND filteredlead.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case LAST: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE lastname LIKE @value AND filteredlead.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case FIRST: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE firstname LIKE @value AND filteredlead.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case LIBERTYID: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE new_libertyid LIKE @value AND filteredlead.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case EMAIL: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE emailaddress1 LIKE @value AND filteredlead.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case TELEPHONE: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE telephone1 LIKE @value AND filteredlead.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); break; case BIRTHDAY: strQuery = baseQuery + "WHERE filteredlead.lu_dateofbirth BETWEEN @dateStart AND @dateEnd AND filteredlead.statecode = 0"; try { DateTime temp = DateTime.Parse(search); if (temp.Year < 1753 || temp.Year > 9999) { search = string.Empty; } else { search = temp.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"); } } catch { search = string.Empty; } SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("dateStart", DbType.String, search.Trim() + " 00:00:00.000"); SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("dateEnd", DbType.String, search.Trim() + " 23:59:59.999"); break; case SSN: //Do nothing break; case ADDRESS: strQuery = @"SELECT filteredlead.leadid, filteredlead.fullname, filteredlead.address1_line1, filteredlead.emailaddress1, filteredlead.telephone1, filteredlead.lu_dateofbirthutc AS lu_dateofbirth, filteredlead.lu_gendername FROM filteredlead WHERE address1_line1 LIKE @value AND filteredlead.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectParameters.Add("value", DbType.String, search.Trim() + "%"); ShowProspectAddressColumn(); break; default: strQuery = @"SELECT TOP 500 filteredlead.leadid, filteredlead.fullname, 'none' AS address1_line1 filteredlead.emailaddress1, filteredlead.telephone1, filteredlead.lu_dateofbirthutc AS lu_dateofbirth, filteredlead.lu_gendername FROM filteredlead WHERE filteredlead.statecode = 0"; SqlCRM_Prospect.SelectCommand = strQuery; break; } if (type != ADDRESS) { HideProspectAddressColumn(); } gvProspects.PageIndex = 0; //try //{ // SqlCRM_Prospect.DataBind(); //} //catch (Exception ex) //{ // SqlCRM_Prospect.DataBind(); //} gvProspects.DataBind(); }

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ASP.NET SQLMembership Provider not logging in

- by cfdev9

My web app uses the sql memebership provider. Running it locally all is well, deploying to a dev server it works fine too in firefox, but in IE8 something unexpected is happening. Once a user logs in they're supposed to be redirected to home.aspx. What's happening when I attempt to login is it appears to accept the login credentials but then doesn't redirect to home.aspx. Instead it just redirects me to the login page as though I had attempted to access home.aspx directly without being logged in. The url parameter ReturnUrl is appended, Login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2fhome.aspx Why is this only happening with IE8? My local PC is IIS7 but the server is IIS6. Using the same web.config Full code behind public partial class Login : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { Session.Abandon(); FormsAuthentication.SignOut(); } } protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (Membership.ValidateUser(tbUsername.Text, tbPassword.Text)) { if (Request.QueryString["ReturnUrl"] != null) { FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(tbUsername.Text, false); } else { FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(tbUsername.Text, false); Response.Redirect("~/Home.aspx"); } } } } Full web.config <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="scriptResourceHandler" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingScriptResourceHandlerSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="jsonSerialization" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingJsonSerializationSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="Everywhere"/> <section name="profileService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingProfileServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="authenticationService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingAuthenticationServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="roleService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingRoleServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <appSettings/> <connectionStrings> <add name="ASPNET_DB" connectionString="..."/> </connectionStrings> <system.web> <membership defaultProvider="SqlMembershipProvider"> <providers> <add name="SqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" connectionStringName="ASPNET_DB" enablePasswordRetrieval="true" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" applicationName="/" requiresUniqueEmail="false" passwordFormat="Clear" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" passwordAttemptWindow="10" passwordStrengthRegularExpression="" minRequiredPasswordLength="1" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0"/> </providers> </membership> <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="SqlRoleManager"> <providers> <add name="SqlRoleManager" type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider" connectionStringName="ASPNET_DB" applicationName="/"/> </providers> </roleManager> <authentication mode="Forms"> <forms name="CHOUSE.ASPXAUTH" loginUrl="login.aspx" protection="All" path="/"/> </authentication> <authorization> <allow roles="AccountManager"/> <allow roles="Client"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> <compilation debug="true"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Core, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Data.DataSetExtensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add assembly="System.Xml.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> </assemblies> </compilation> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.WebControls" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </controls> </pages> <httpHandlers> <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx"/> <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" validate="false"/> </httpHandlers> <httpModules> <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </httpModules> </system.web> <location path="Admin"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="AccountManager"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <system.codedom> <compilers> <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" warningLevel="4" type="Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"> <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5"/> <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false"/> </compiler> </compilers> </system.codedom> <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/> <modules> <remove name="ScriptModule"/> <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="managedHandler" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </modules> <handlers> <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated"/> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactory"/> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices"/> <remove name="ScriptResource"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptResource" preCondition="integratedMode" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </handlers> </system.webServer> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions.Design" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime>

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Website displays in chrome perfectly, but not in mozilla or IE

- by Atharul Khan

here are the code snippets for the html and css. It works finds in Google chrome, but when I try to display it in mozilla or IE, it shows something completely different. I cannot attach images as I do not have the required reputation. I really appreciate the help. Thank you! HTML <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="ak.png"> <title>Home</title> </head> <body> <div class="Nav"> <nav> <ul class="navigation fade-in2"> <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#about">About</a></li> <li><a href="#portfolio">Portfolio</a></li> <li><a href="#shop">Shop</a></li> <li><a href="#blog">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="logo"><a href="#home"><img class="ak fade-in2" src="ak.png"></a></div> <div class="background"><img class="beauty" src="beauty.jpg"></div> <div class="header"> <h1 class="headerName fade-in">DESIGN | DEVELOP | BRAND</h1> <h4 class="service fade-in3"><a href="#portfolio">VIEW PORTFOLIO</a></h4> <h4 class="service fade-in3"><a href="#services">VIEW SERVICES</a></h4> </div>  </body> </html> CSS @-webkit-keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity:0; } to { opacity:1; } } @-moz-keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity:0; } to { opacity:1; } } @keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity:0; } to { opacity:1; } } * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } li { display: inline; font-size: 15px; font-family: verdana; } nav { width: 100%; text-align: right; background-color: #222222; padding: 0; margin: 0px; line-height: 47px; position: fixed; z-index: 100; } .ak{ width: 90px; height: 55px; z-index: 101; position: fixed; background: transparent; color: transparent; background-color: transparent; } .Nav a{ text-decoration: none; padding: 15px; } .Nav a:link{ color: #A7A7A7; } .Nav a:visited{ color: #A7A7A7; } .Nav a:hover{ color: #DBDBDB; transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; transition-property: all; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-timing-function: ease-out; transition-delay: 0s; } .header { background-color: rgba(0,0,0, 0.25); width: 100%; height: 626px; text-align: center; position: fixed; z-index: 10; } .background { position: fixed; z-index: 8; } .beauty { width: 100%; height: 626px; } .headerName { font-size: 2.5em; text-align: center; color: #D3D3D3; padding: 180px; padding-bottom: 50px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 4px; font-weight: 100; font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif; } .fade-in { opacity:0; /* make things invisible upon start */ -webkit-animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; /* call our keyframe named fadeIn, use animation ease-in and repeat it only 1 time */ -moz-animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; -webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards; /* this makes sure that after animation is done we remain at the last keyframe value (opacity: 1)*/ -moz-animation-fill-mode:forwards; animation-fill-mode:forwards; -webkit-animation-duration:1s; -moz-animation-duration:1s; animation-duration:1s; -webkit-animation-delay: 0.3s; -moz-animation-delay:0.3s; animation-delay: 0.3s; } .fade-in2 { opacity:0; /* make things invisible upon start */ -webkit-animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; /* call our keyframe named fadeIn, use animation ease-in and repeat it only 1 time */ -moz-animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; -webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards; /* this makes sure that after animation is done we remain at the last keyframe value (opacity: 1)*/ -moz-animation-fill-mode:forwards; animation-fill-mode:forwards; -webkit-animation-duration:1s; -moz-animation-duration:1s; animation-duration:1s; -webkit-animation-delay: 0.6s; -moz-animation-delay:0.6s; animation-delay: 0.6s; } .fade-in3 { opacity:0; /* make things invisible upon start */ -webkit-animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; /* call our keyframe named fadeIn, use animation ease-in and repeat it only 1 time */ -moz-animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; animation:fadeIn ease-in 1; -webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards; /* this makes sure that after animation is done we remain at the last keyframe value (opacity: 1)*/ -moz-animation-fill-mode:forwards; animation-fill-mode:forwards; -webkit-animation-duration:1s; -moz-animation-duration:1s; animation-duration:1s; -webkit-animation-delay: 0.9s; -moz-animation-delay:0.9s; animation-delay: 0.9s; } .service{ font-size: 14px; width: 190px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif; color: #D3D3D3; border: 2px #A7A7A7 solid; border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); display: inline-block; border-radius: 5px; background-color: transparent; letter-spacing: 2px; } .service a{ text-decoration: none; display: block; padding: 15px 20px; } .service a:link{ color: #D3D3D3; } .service a:visited{ color: #D3D3D3; } .service a:hover{ background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15); transition: background-color .15s ease-in; -webkit-transition: background-color .15s ease-in; -moz-transition: background-color .15s ease-in; -o-transition: background-color .15s ease-in; } UPDATE 1: I updated both browsers and it seems the css3 animations work perfectly fine on both browsers. What seems to be the problem is the positioning of the pages UPDATE 2: Here are the links to the different browser screen shots Chrome: https://www.dropbox.com/s/jlpa4vu51kdnews/Chrome.JPG InternetExplorer: https://www.dropbox.com/s/zbchs3su9ahxr0n/IE.JPG Mozilla Firefox: dropbox(.)com/s/fyalnhsha9ktadz/Mozilla.JPG (I can't post the third link because I don't have enough reputation)

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What's New in ASP.NET 4

- by Navaneeth

The .NET Framework version 4 includes enhancements for ASP.NET 4 in targeted areas. Visual Studio 2010 and Microsoft Visual Web Developer Express also include enhancements and new features for improved Web development. This document provides an overview of many of the new features that are included in the upcoming release. This topic contains the following sections: ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET Web Forms ASP.NET MVC Dynamic Data ASP.NET Chart Control Visual Web Developer Enhancements Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET 4 introduces many features that improve core ASP.NET services such as output caching and session state storage. Extensible Output Caching Since the time that ASP.NET 1.0 was released, output caching has enabled developers to store the generated output of pages, controls, and HTTP responses in memory. On subsequent Web requests, ASP.NET can serve content more quickly by retrieving the generated output from memory instead of regenerating the output from scratch. However, this approach has a limitation — generated content always has to be stored in memory. On servers that experience heavy traffic, the memory requirements for output caching can compete with memory requirements for other parts of a Web application. ASP.NET 4 adds extensibility to output caching that enables you to configure one or more custom output-cache providers. Output-cache providers can use any storage mechanism to persist HTML content. These storage options can include local or remote disks, cloud storage, and distributed cache engines. Output-cache provider extensibility in ASP.NET 4 lets you design more aggressive and more intelligent output-caching strategies for Web sites. For example, you can create an output-cache provider that caches the "Top 10" pages of a site in memory, while caching pages that get lower traffic on disk. Alternatively, you can cache every vary-by combination for a rendered page, but use a distributed cache so that the memory consumption is offloaded from front-end Web servers. You create a custom output-cache provider as a class that derives from the OutputCacheProvider type. You can then configure the provider in the Web.config file by using the new providers subsection of the outputCache element For more information and for examples that show how to configure the output cache, see outputCache Element for caching (ASP.NET Settings Schema). For more information about the classes that support caching, see the documentation for the OutputCache and OutputCacheProvider classes. By default, in ASP.NET 4, all HTTP responses, rendered pages, and controls use the in-memory output cache. The defaultProvider attribute for ASP.NET is AspNetInternalProvider. You can change the default output-cache provider used for a Web application by specifying a different provider name for defaultProvider attribute. In addition, you can select different output-cache providers for individual control and for individual requests and programmatically specify which provider to use. For more information, see the HttpApplication.GetOutputCacheProviderName(HttpContext) method. The easiest way to choose a different output-cache provider for different Web user controls is to do so declaratively by using the new providerName attribute in a page or control directive, as shown in the following example: <%@ OutputCache Duration="60" VaryByParam="None" providerName="DiskCache" %> Preloading Web Applications Some Web applications must load large amounts of data or must perform expensive initialization processing before serving the first request. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, for these situations you had to devise custom approaches to "wake up" an ASP.NET application and then run initialization code during the Application_Load method in the Global.asax file. To address this scenario, a new application preload manager (autostart feature) is available when ASP.NET 4 runs on IIS 7.5 on Windows Server 2008 R2. The preload feature provides a controlled approach for starting up an application pool, initializing an ASP.NET application, and then accepting HTTP requests. It lets you perform expensive application initialization prior to processing the first HTTP request. For example, you can use the application preload manager to initialize an application and then signal a load-balancer that the application was initialized and ready to accept HTTP traffic. To use the application preload manager, an IIS administrator sets an application pool in IIS 7.5 to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <applicationPools> <add name="MyApplicationPool" startMode="AlwaysRunning" /> </applicationPools> Because a single application pool can contain multiple applications, you specify individual applications to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <sites> <site name="MySite" id="1"> <application path="/" serviceAutoStartEnabled="true" serviceAutoStartProvider="PrewarmMyCache" >  </application> </site> </sites>  <serviceAutoStartProviders> <add name="PrewarmMyCache" type="MyNamespace.CustomInitialization, MyLibrary" /> </serviceAutoStartProviders> When an IIS 7.5 server is cold-started or when an individual application pool is recycled, IIS 7.5 uses the information in the applicationHost.config file to determine which Web applications have to be automatically started. For each application that is marked for preload, IIS7.5 sends a request to ASP.NET 4 to start the application in a state during which the application temporarily does not accept HTTP requests. When it is in this state, ASP.NET instantiates the type defined by the serviceAutoStartProvider attribute (as shown in the previous example) and calls into its public entry point. You create a managed preload type that has the required entry point by implementing the IProcessHostPreloadClient interface, as shown in the following example: public class CustomInitialization : System.Web.Hosting.IProcessHostPreloadClient { public void Preload(string[] parameters) { // Perform initialization. } } After your initialization code runs in the Preload method and after the method returns, the ASP.NET application is ready to process requests. Permanently Redirecting a Page Content in Web applications is often moved over the lifetime of the application. This can lead to links to be out of date, such as the links that are returned by search engines. In ASP.NET, developers have traditionally handled requests to old URLs by using the Redirect method to forward a request to the new URL. However, the Redirect method issues an HTTP 302 (Found) response (which is used for a temporary redirect). This results in an extra HTTP round trip. ASP.NET 4 adds a RedirectPermanent helper method that makes it easy to issue HTTP 301 (Moved Permanently) responses, as in the following example: RedirectPermanent("/newpath/foroldcontent.aspx"); Search engines and other user agents that recognize permanent redirects will store the new URL that is associated with the content, which eliminates the unnecessary round trip made by the browser for temporary redirects. Session State Compression By default, ASP.NET provides two options for storing session state across a Web farm. The first option is a session state provider that invokes an out-of-process session state server. The second option is a session state provider that stores data in a Microsoft SQL Server database. Because both options store state information outside a Web application's worker process, session state has to be serialized before it is sent to remote storage. If a large amount of data is saved in session state, the size of the serialized data can become very large. ASP.NET 4 introduces a new compression option for both kinds of out-of-process session state providers. By using this option, applications that have spare CPU cycles on Web servers can achieve substantial reductions in the size of serialized session state data. You can set this option using the new compressionEnabled attribute of the sessionState element in the configuration file. When the compressionEnabled configuration option is set to true, ASP.NET compresses (and decompresses) serialized session state by using the .NET Framework GZipStreamclass. The following example shows how to set this attribute. <sessionState mode="SqlServer" sqlConnectionString="data source=dbserver;Initial Catalog=aspnetstate" allowCustomSqlDatabase="true" compressionEnabled="true" /> ASP.NET Web Forms Web Forms has been a core feature in ASP.NET since the release of ASP.NET 1.0. Many enhancements have been in this area for ASP.NET 4, such as the following: The ability to set meta tags. More control over view state. Support for recently introduced browsers and devices. Easier ways to work with browser capabilities. Support for using ASP.NET routing with Web Forms. More control over generated IDs. The ability to persist selected rows in data controls. More control over rendered HTML in the FormView and ListView controls. Filtering support for data source controls. Enhanced support for Web standards and accessibility Setting Meta Tags with the Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription Properties Two properties have been added to the Page class: MetaKeywords and MetaDescription. These two properties represent corresponding meta tags in the HTML rendered for a page, as shown in the following example: <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> <meta name="keywords" content="keyword1, keyword2' /> <meta name="description" content="Description of my page" /> </head> These two properties work like the Title property does, and they can be set in the @ Page directive. For more information, see Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription. Enabling View State for Individual Controls A new property has been added to the Control class: ViewStateMode. You can use this property to disable view state for all controls on a page except those for which you explicitly enable view state. View state data is included in a page's HTML and increases the amount of time it takes to send a page to the client and post it back. Storing more view state than is necessary can cause significant decrease in performance. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, you could reduce the impact of view state on a page's performance by disabling view state for specific controls. But sometimes it is easier to enable view state for a few controls that need it instead of disabling it for many that do not need it. For more information, see Control.ViewStateMode. Support for Recently Introduced Browsers and Devices ASP.NET includes a feature that is named browser capabilities that lets you determine the capabilities of the browser that a user is using. Browser capabilities are represented by the HttpBrowserCapabilities object which is stored in the HttpRequest.Browser property. Information about a particular browser's capabilities is defined by a browser definition file. In ASP.NET 4, these browser definition files have been updated to contain information about recently introduced browsers and devices such as Google Chrome, Research in Motion BlackBerry smart phones, and Apple iPhone. Existing browser definition files have also been updated. For more information, see How to: Upgrade an ASP.NET Web Application to ASP.NET 4 and ASP.NET Web Server Controls and Browser Capabilities. The browser definition files that are included with ASP.NET 4 are shown in the following list: •blackberry.browser •chrome.browser •Default.browser •firefox.browser •gateway.browser •generic.browser •ie.browser •iemobile.browser •iphone.browser •opera.browser •safari.browser A New Way to Define Browser Capabilities ASP.NET 4 includes a new feature referred to as browser capabilities providers. As the name suggests, this lets you build a provider that in turn lets you write custom code to determine browser capabilities. In ASP.NET version 3.5 Service Pack 1, you define browser capabilities in an XML file. This file resides in a machine-level folder or an application-level folder. Most developers do not need to customize these files, but for those who do, the provider approach can be easier than dealing with complex XML syntax. The provider approach makes it possible to simplify the process by implementing a common browser definition syntax, or a database that contains up-to-date browser definitions, or even a Web service for such a database. For more information about the new browser capabilities provider, see the What's New for ASP.NET 4 White Paper. Routing in ASP.NET 4 ASP.NET 4 adds built-in support for routing with Web Forms. Routing is a feature that was introduced with ASP.NET 3.5 SP1 and lets you configure an application to use URLs that are meaningful to users and to search engines because they do not have to specify physical file names. This can make your site more user-friendly and your site content more discoverable by search engines. For example, the URL for a page that displays product categories in your application might look like the following example: http://website/products.aspx?categoryid=12 By using routing, you can use the following URL to render the same information: http://website/products/software The second URL lets the user know what to expect and can result in significantly improved rankings in search engine results. the new features include the following: The PageRouteHandler class is a simple HTTP handler that you use when you define routes. You no longer have to write a custom route handler. The HttpRequest.RequestContext and Page.RouteData properties make it easier to access information that is passed in URL parameters. The RouteUrl expression provides a simple way to create a routed URL in markup. The RouteValue expression provides a simple way to extract URL parameter values in markup. The RouteParameter class makes it easier to pass URL parameter values to a query for a data source control (similar to FormParameter). You no longer have to change the Web.config file to enable routing. For more information about routing, see the following topics: ASP.NET Routing Walkthrough: Using ASP.NET Routing in a Web Forms Application How to: Define Routes for Web Forms Applications How to: Construct URLs from Routes How to: Access URL Parameters in a Routed Page Setting Client IDs The new ClientIDMode property makes it easier to write client script that references HTML elements rendered for server controls. Increasing use of Microsoft Ajax makes the need to do this more common. For example, you may have a data control that renders a long list of products with prices and you want to use client script to make a Web service call and update individual prices in the list as they change without refreshing the entire page. Typically you get a reference to an HTML element in client script by using the document.GetElementById method. You pass to this method the value of the id attribute of the HTML element you want to reference. In the case of elements that are rendered for ASP.NET server controls earlier versions of ASP.NET could make this difficult or impossible. You were not always able to predict what id values ASP.NET would generate, or ASP.NET could generate very long id values. The problem was especially difficult for data controls that would generate multiple rows for a single instance of the control in your markup. ASP.NET 4 adds two new algorithms for generating id attributes. These algorithms can generate id attributes that are easier to work with in client script because they are more predictable and that are easier to work with because they are simpler. For more information about how to use the new algorithms, see the following topics: ASP.NET Web Server Control Identification Walkthrough: Making Data-Bound Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript Walkthrough: Making Controls Located in Web User Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript How to: Access Controls from JavaScript by ID Persisting Row Selection in Data Controls The GridView and ListView controls enable users to select a row. In previous versions of ASP.NET, row selection was based on the row index on the page. For example, if you select the third item on page 1 and then move to page 2, the third item on page 2 is selected. In most cases, is more desirable not to select any rows on page 2. ASP.NET 4 supports Persisted Selection, a new feature that was initially supported only in Dynamic Data projects in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1. When this feature is enabled, the selected item is based on the row data key. This means that if you select the third row on page 1 and move to page 2, nothing is selected on page 2. When you move back to page 1, the third row is still selected. This is a much more natural behavior than the behavior in earlier versions of ASP.NET. Persisted selection is now supported for the GridView and ListView controls in all projects. You can enable this feature in the GridView control, for example, by setting the EnablePersistedSelection property, as shown in the following example: <asp:GridView id="GridView2" runat="server" PersistedSelection="true"> </asp:GridView> FormView Control Enhancements The FormView control is enhanced to make it easier to style the content of the control with CSS. In previous versions of ASP.NET, the FormView control rendered it contents using an item template. This made styling more difficult in the markup because unexpected table row and table cell tags were rendered by the control. The FormView control supports RenderOuterTable, a property in ASP.NET 4. When this property is set to false, as show in the following example, the table tags are not rendered. This makes it easier to apply CSS style to the contents of the control. <asp:FormView ID="FormView1" runat="server" RenderTable="false"> For more information, see FormView Web Server Control Overview. ListView Control Enhancements The ListView control, which was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5, has all the functionality of the GridView control while giving you complete control over the output. This control has been made easier to use in ASP.NET 4. The earlier version of the control required that you specify a layout template that contained a server control with a known ID. The following markup shows a typical example of how to use the ListView control in ASP.NET 3.5. <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <LayoutTemplate> <asp:PlaceHolder ID="ItemPlaceHolder" runat="server"></asp:PlaceHolder> </LayoutTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> In ASP.NET 4, the ListView control does not require a layout template. The markup shown in the previous example can be replaced with the following markup: <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> For more information, see ListView Web Server Control Overview. Filtering Data with the QueryExtender Control A very common task for developers who create data-driven Web pages is to filter data. This traditionally has been performed by building Where clauses in data source controls. This approach can be complicated, and in some cases the Where syntax does not let you take advantage of the full functionality of the underlying database. To make filtering easier, a new QueryExtender control has been added in ASP.NET 4. This control can be added to EntityDataSource or LinqDataSource controls in order to filter the data returned by these controls. Because the QueryExtender control relies on LINQ, but you do not to need to know how to write LINQ queries to use the query extender. The QueryExtender control supports a variety of filter options. The following lists QueryExtender filter options. Term Definition SearchExpression Searches a field or fields for string values and compares them to a specified string value. RangeExpression Searches a field or fields for values in a range specified by a pair of values. PropertyExpression Compares a specified value to a property value in a field. If the expression evaluates to true, the data that is being examined is returned. OrderByExpression Sorts data by a specified column and sort direction. CustomExpression Calls a function that defines custom filter in the page. For more information, see QueryExtenderQueryExtender Web Server Control Overview. Enhanced Support for Web Standards and Accessibility Earlier versions of ASP.NET controls sometimes render markup that does not conform to HTML, XHTML, or accessibility standards. ASP.NET 4 eliminates most of these exceptions. For details about how the HTML that is rendered by each control meets accessibility standards, see ASP.NET Controls and Accessibility. CSS for Controls that Can be Disabled In ASP.NET 3.5, when a control is disabled (see WebControl.Enabled), a disabled attribute is added to the rendered HTML element. For example, the following markup creates a Label control that is disabled: <asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server" Text="Test" Enabled="false" /> In ASP.NET 3.5, the previous control settings generate the following HTML: <span id="Label1" disabled="disabled">Test</span> In HTML 4.01, the disabled attribute is not considered valid on span elements. It is valid only on input elements because it specifies that they cannot be accessed. On display-only elements such as span elements, browsers typically support rendering for a disabled appearance, but a Web page that relies on this non-standard behavior is not robust according to accessibility standards. For display-only elements, you should use CSS to indicate a disabled visual appearance. Therefore, by default ASP.NET 4 generates the following HTML for the control settings shown previously: <span id="Label1" class="aspNetDisabled">Test</span> You can change the value of the class attribute that is rendered by default when a control is disabled by setting the DisabledCssClass property. CSS for Validation Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, validation controls render a default color of red as an inline style. For example, the following markup creates a RequiredFieldValidator control: <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server" ErrorMessage="Required Field" ControlToValidate="RadioButtonList1" /> ASP.NET 3.5 renders the following HTML for the validator control: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1" style="color:Red;visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> By default, ASP.NET 4 does not render an inline style to set the color to red. An inline style is used only to hide or show the validator, as shown in the following example: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1" style"visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> Therefore, ASP.NET 4 does not automatically show error messages in red. For information about how to use CSS to specify a visual style for a validation control, see Validating User Input in ASP.NET Web Pages. CSS for the Hidden Fields Div Element ASP.NET uses hidden fields to store state information such as view state and control state. These hidden fields are contained by a div element. In ASP.NET 3.5, this div element does not have a class attribute or an id attribute. Therefore, CSS rules that affect all div elements could unintentionally cause this div to be visible. To avoid this problem, ASP.NET 4 renders the div element for hidden fields with a CSS class that you can use to differentiate the hidden fields div from others. The new classvalue is shown in the following example: <div class="aspNetHidden"> CSS for the Table, Image, and ImageButton Controls By default, in ASP.NET 3.5, some controls set the border attribute of rendered HTML to zero (0). The following example shows HTML that is generated by the Table control in ASP.NET 3.5: <table id="Table2" border="0"> The Image control and the ImageButton control also do this. Because this is not necessary and provides visual formatting information that should be provided by using CSS, the attribute is not generated in ASP.NET 4. CSS for the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress controls do not support expando attributes. This makes it impossible to set a CSS class on the HTMLelements that they render. In ASP.NET 4 these controls have been changed to accept expando attributes, as shown in the following example: <asp:UpdatePanel runat="server" class="myStyle"> </asp:UpdatePanel> The following HTML is rendered for this markup: <div id="ctl00_MainContent_UpdatePanel1" class="expandoclass"> </div> Eliminating Unnecessary Outer Tables In ASP.NET 3.5, the HTML that is rendered for the following controls is wrapped in a table element whose purpose is to apply inline styles to the entire control: FormView Login PasswordRecovery ChangePassword If you use templates to customize the appearance of these controls, you can specify CSS styles in the markup that you provide in the templates. In that case, no extra outer table is required. In ASP.NET 4, you can prevent the table from being rendered by setting the new RenderOuterTable property to false. Layout Templates for Wizard Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the Wizard and CreateUserWizard controls generate an HTML table element that is used for visual formatting. In ASP.NET 4 you can use a LayoutTemplate element to specify the layout. If you do this, the HTML table element is not generated. In the template, you create placeholder controls to indicate where items should be dynamically inserted into the control. (This is similar to how the template model for the ListView control works.) For more information, see the Wizard.LayoutTemplate property. New HTML Formatting Options for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList Controls ASP.NET 3.5 uses HTML table elements to format the output for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList controls. To provide an alternative that does not use tables for visual formatting, ASP.NET 4 adds two new options to the RepeatLayout enumeration: UnorderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ul and li elements instead of a table. OrderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ol and li elements instead of a table. For examples of HTML that is rendered for the new options, see the RepeatLayout enumeration. Header and Footer Elements for the Table Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Table control can be configured to render thead and tfoot elements by setting the TableSection property of the TableHeaderRow class and the TableFooterRow class. In ASP.NET 4 these properties are set to the appropriate values by default. CSS and ARIA Support for the Menu Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Menu control uses HTML table elements for visual formatting, and in some configurations it is not keyboard-accessible. ASP.NET 4 addresses these problems and improves accessibility in the following ways: The generated HTML is structured as an unordered list (ul and li elements). CSS is used for visual formatting. The menu behaves in accordance with ARIA standards for keyboard access. You can use arrow keys to navigate menu items. (For information about ARIA, see Accessibility in Visual Studio and ASP.NET.) ARIA role and property attributes are added to the generated HTML. (Attributes are added by using JavaScript instead of included in the HTML, to avoid generating HTML that would cause markup validation errors.) Styles for the Menu control are rendered in a style block at the top of the page, instead of inline with the rendered HTML elements. If you want to use a separate CSS file so that you can modify the menu styles, you can set the Menu control's new IncludeStyleBlock property to false, in which case the style block is not generated. Valid XHTML for the HtmlForm Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the HtmlForm control (which is created implicitly by the <form runat="server"> tag) renders an HTML form element that has both name and id attributes. The name attribute is deprecated in XHTML 1.1. Therefore, this control does not render the name attribute in ASP.NET 4. Maintaining Backward Compatibility in Control Rendering An existing ASP.NET Web site might have code in it that assumes that controls are rendering HTML the way they do in ASP.NET 3.5. To avoid causing backward compatibility problems when you upgrade the site to ASP.NET 4, you can have ASP.NET continue to generate HTML the way it does in ASP.NET 3.5 after you upgrade the site. To do so, you can set the controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion attribute of the pages element to "3.5" in the Web.config file of an ASP.NET 4 Web site, as shown in the following example: <system.web> <pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="3.5"/> </system.web> If this setting is omitted, the default value is the same as the version of ASP.NET that the Web site targets. (For information about multi-targeting in ASP.NET, see .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects.) ASP.NET MVC ASP.NET MVC helps Web developers build compelling standards-based Web sites that are easy to maintain because it decreases the dependency among application layers by using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. MVC provides complete control over the page markup. It also improves testability by inherently supporting Test Driven Development (TDD). Web sites created using ASP.NET MVC have a modular architecture. This allows members of a team to work independently on the various modules and can be used to improve collaboration. For example, developers can work on the model and controller layers (data and logic), while the designer work on the view (presentation). For tutorials, walkthroughs, conceptual content, code samples, and a complete API reference, see ASP.NET MVC 2. Dynamic Data Dynamic Data was introduced in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 release in mid-2008. This feature provides many enhancements for creating data-driven applications, such as the following: A RAD experience for quickly building a data-driven Web site. Automatic validation that is based on constraints defined in the data model. The ability to easily change the markup that is generated for fields in the GridView and DetailsView controls by using field templates that are part of your Dynamic Data project. For ASP.NET 4, Dynamic Data has been enhanced to give developers even more power for quickly building data-driven Web sites. For more information, see ASP.NET Dynamic Data Content Map. Enabling Dynamic Data for Individual Data-Bound Controls in Existing Web Applications You can use Dynamic Data features in existing ASP.NET Web applications that do not use scaffolding by enabling Dynamic Data for individual data-bound controls. Dynamic Data provides the presentation and data layer support for rendering these controls. When you enable Dynamic Data for data-bound controls, you get the following benefits: Setting default values for data fields. Dynamic Data enables you to provide default values at run time for fields in a data control. Interacting with the database without creating and registering a data model. Automatically validating the data that is entered by the user without writing any code. For more information, see Walkthrough: Enabling Dynamic Data in ASP.NET Data-Bound Controls. New Field Templates for URLs and E-mail Addresses ASP.NET 4 introduces two new built-in field templates, EmailAddress.ascx and Url.ascx. These templates are used for fields that are marked as EmailAddress or Url using the DataTypeAttribute attribute. For EmailAddress objects, the field is displayed as a hyperlink that is created by using the mailto: protocol. When users click the link, it opens the user's e-mail client and creates a skeleton message. Objects typed as Url are displayed as ordinary hyperlinks. The following example shows how to mark fields. [DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)] public object HomeEmail { get; set; } [DataType(DataType.Url)] public object Website { get; set; } Creating Links with the DynamicHyperLink Control Dynamic Data uses the new routing feature that was added in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 to control the URLs that users see when they access the Web site. The new DynamicHyperLink control makes it easy to build links to pages in a Dynamic Data site. For information, see How to: Create Table Action Links in Dynamic Data Support for Inheritance in the Data Model Both the ADO.NET Entity Framework and LINQ to SQL support inheritance in their data models. An example of this might be a database that has an InsurancePolicy table. It might also contain CarPolicy and HousePolicy tables that have the same fields as InsurancePolicy and then add more fields. Dynamic Data has been modified to understand inherited objects in the data model and to support scaffolding for the inherited tables. For more information, see Walkthrough: Mapping Table-per-Hierarchy Inheritance in Dynamic Data. Support for Many-to-Many Relationships (Entity Framework Only) The Entity Framework has rich support for many-to-many relationships between tables, which is implemented by exposing the relationship as a collection on an Entity object. New field templates (ManyToMany.ascx and ManyToMany_Edit.ascx) have been added to provide support for displaying and editing data that is involved in many-to-many relationships. For more information, see Working with Many-to-Many Data Relationships in Dynamic Data. New Attributes to Control Display and Support Enumerations The DisplayAttribute has been added to give you additional control over how fields are displayed. The DisplayNameAttribute attribute in earlier versions of Dynamic Data enabled you to change the name that is used as a caption for a field. The new DisplayAttribute class lets you specify more options for displaying a field, such as the order in which a field is displayed and whether a field will be used as a filter. The attribute also provides independent control of the name that is used for the labels in a GridView control, the name that is used in a DetailsView control, the help text for the field, and the watermark used for the field (if the field accepts text input). The EnumDataTypeAttribute class has been added to let you map fields to enumerations. When you apply this attribute to a field, you specify an enumeration type. Dynamic Data uses the new Enumeration.ascx field template to create UI for displaying and editing enumeration values. The template maps the values from the database to the names in the enumeration. Enhanced Support for Filters Dynamic Data 1.0 had built-in filters for Boolean columns and foreign-key columns. The filters did not let you specify the order in which they were displayed. The new DisplayAttribute attribute addresses this by giving you control over whether a column appears as a filter and in what order it will be displayed. An additional enhancement is that filtering support has been rewritten to use the new QueryExtender feature of Web Forms. This lets you create filters without requiring knowledge of the data source control that the filters will be used with. Along with these extensions, filters have also been turned into template controls, which lets you add new ones. Finally, the DisplayAttribute class mentioned earlier allows the default filter to be overridden, in the same way that UIHint allows the default field template for a column to be overridden. For more information, see Walkthrough: Filtering Rows in Tables That Have a Parent-Child Relationship and QueryableFilterRepeater. ASP.NET Chart Control The ASP.NET chart server control enables you to create ASP.NET pages applications that have simple, intuitive charts for complex statistical or financial analysis. The chart control supports the following features: Data series, chart areas, axes, legends, labels, titles, and more. Data binding. Data manipulation, such as copying, splitting, merging, alignment, grouping, sorting, searching, and filtering. Statistical formulas and financial formulas. Advanced chart appearance, such as 3-D, anti-aliasing, lighting, and perspective. Events and customizations. Interactivity and Microsoft Ajax. Support for the Ajax Content Delivery Network (CDN), which provides an optimized way for you to add Microsoft Ajax Library and jQuery scripts to your Web applications. For more information, see Chart Web Server Control Overview. Visual Web Developer Enhancements The following sections provide information about enhancements and new features in Visual Studio 2010 and Visual Web Developer Express. The Web page designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been enhanced for better CSS compatibility, includes additional support for HTML and ASP.NET markup snippets, and features a redesigned version of IntelliSense for JScript. Improved CSS Compatibility The Visual Web Developer designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been updated to improve CSS 2.1 standards compliance. The designer better preserves HTML source code and is more robust than in previous versions of Visual Studio. HTML and JScript Snippets In the HTML editor, IntelliSense auto-completes tag names. The IntelliSense Snippets feature auto-completes whole tags and more. In Visual Studio 2010, IntelliSense snippets are supported for JScript, alongside C# and Visual Basic, which were supported in earlier versions of Visual Studio. Visual Studio 2010 includes over 200 snippets that help you auto-complete common ASP.NET and HTML tags, including required attributes (such as runat="server") and common attributes specific to a tag (such as ID, DataSourceID, ControlToValidate, and Text). You can download additional snippets, or you can write your own snippets that encapsulate the blocks of markup that you or your team use for common tasks. For more information on HTML snippets, see Walkthrough: Using HTML Snippets. JScript IntelliSense Enhancements In Visual 2010, JScript IntelliSense has been redesigned to provide an even richer editing experience. IntelliSense now recognizes objects that have been dynamically generated by methods such as registerNamespace and by similar techniques used by other JavaScript frameworks. Performance has been improved to analyze large libraries of script and to display IntelliSense with little or no processing delay. Compatibility has been significantly increased to support almost all third-party libraries and to support diverse coding styles. Documentation comments are now parsed as you type and are immediately leveraged by IntelliSense. Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 For Web application projects, Visual Studio now provides tools that work with the IIS Web Deployment Tool (Web Deploy) to automate many processes that had to be done manually in earlier versions of ASP.NET. For example, the following tasks can now be automated: Creating an IIS application on the destination computer and configuring IIS settings. Copying files to the destination computer. Changing Web.config settings that must be different in the destination environment. Propagating changes to data or data structures in SQL Server databases that are used by the Web application. For more information about Web application deployment, see ASP.NET Deployment Content Map. Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET 4 adds new features to the multi-targeting feature to make it easier to work with projects that target earlier versions of the .NET Framework. Multi-targeting was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5 to enable you to use the latest version of Visual Studio without having to upgrade existing Web sites or Web services to the latest version of the .NET Framework. In Visual Studio 2008, when you work with a project targeted for an earlier version of the .NET Framework, most features of the development environment adapt to the targeted version. However, IntelliSense displays language features that are available in the current version, and property windows display properties available in the current version. In Visual Studio 2010, only language features and properties available in the targeted version of the .NET Framework are shown. For more information about multi-targeting, see the following topics: .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects ASP.NET Side-by-Side Execution Overview How to: Host Web Applications That Use Different Versions of the .NET Framework on the Same Server How to: Deploy Web Site Projects Targeted for Earlier Versions of the .NET Framework

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Zen and the Art of File and Folder Organization

- by Mark Virtue

Is your desk a paragon of neatness, or does it look like a paper-bomb has gone off? If you’ve been putting off getting organized because the task is too huge or daunting, or you don’t know where to start, we’ve got 40 tips to get you on the path to zen mastery of your filing system. For all those readers who would like to get their files and folders organized, or, if they’re already organized, better organized—we have compiled a complete guide to getting organized and staying organized, a comprehensive article that will hopefully cover every possible tip you could want. Signs that Your Computer is Poorly Organized If your computer is a mess, you’re probably already aware of it. But just in case you’re not, here are some tell-tale signs: Your Desktop has over 40 icons on it “My Documents” contains over 300 files and 60 folders, including MP3s and digital photos You use the Windows’ built-in search facility whenever you need to find a file You can’t find programs in the out-of-control list of programs in your Start Menu You save all your Word documents in one folder, all your spreadsheets in a second folder, etc Any given file that you’re looking for may be in any one of four different sets of folders But before we start, here are some quick notes: We’re going to assume you know what files and folders are, and how to create, save, rename, copy and delete them The organization principles described in this article apply equally to all computer systems. However, the screenshots here will reflect how things look on Windows (usually Windows 7). We will also mention some useful features of Windows that can help you get organized. Everyone has their own favorite methodology of organizing and filing, and it’s all too easy to get into “My Way is Better than Your Way” arguments. The reality is that there is no perfect way of getting things organized. When I wrote this article, I tried to keep a generalist and objective viewpoint. I consider myself to be unusually well organized (to the point of obsession, truth be told), and I’ve had 25 years experience in collecting and organizing files on computers. So I’ve got a lot to say on the subject. But the tips I have described here are only one way of doing it. Hopefully some of these tips will work for you too, but please don’t read this as any sort of “right” way to do it. At the end of the article we’ll be asking you, the reader, for your own organization tips. Why Bother Organizing At All? For some, the answer to this question is self-evident. And yet, in this era of powerful desktop search software (the search capabilities built into the Windows Vista and Windows 7 Start Menus, and third-party programs like Google Desktop Search), the question does need to be asked, and answered. I have a friend who puts every file he ever creates, receives or downloads into his My Documents folder and doesn’t bother filing them into subfolders at all. He relies on the search functionality built into his Windows operating system to help him find whatever he’s looking for. And he always finds it. He’s a Search Samurai. For him, filing is a waste of valuable time that could be spent enjoying life! It’s tempting to follow suit. On the face of it, why would anyone bother to take the time to organize their hard disk when such excellent search software is available? Well, if all you ever want to do with the files you own is to locate and open them individually (for listening, editing, etc), then there’s no reason to ever bother doing one scrap of organization. But consider these common tasks that are not achievable with desktop search software: Find files manually. Often it’s not convenient, speedy or even possible to utilize your desktop search software to find what you want. It doesn’t work 100% of the time, or you may not even have it installed. Sometimes its just plain faster to go straight to the file you want, if you know it’s in a particular sub-folder, rather than trawling through hundreds of search results. Find groups of similar files (e.g. all your “work” files, all the photos of your Europe holiday in 2008, all your music videos, all the MP3s from Dark Side of the Moon, all your letters you wrote to your wife, all your tax returns). Clever naming of the files will only get you so far. Sometimes it’s the date the file was created that’s important, other times it’s the file format, and other times it’s the purpose of the file. How do you name a collection of files so that they’re easy to isolate based on any of the above criteria? Short answer, you can’t. Move files to a new computer. It’s time to upgrade your computer. How do you quickly grab all the files that are important to you? Or you decide to have two computers now – one for home and one for work. How do you quickly isolate only the work-related files to move them to the work computer? Synchronize files to other computers. If you have more than one computer, and you need to mirror some of your files onto the other computer (e.g. your music collection), then you need a way to quickly determine which files are to be synced and which are not. Surely you don’t want to synchronize everything? Choose which files to back up. If your backup regime calls for multiple backups, or requires speedy backups, then you’ll need to be able to specify which files are to be backed up, and which are not. This is not possible if they’re all in the same folder. Finally, if you’re simply someone who takes pleasure in being organized, tidy and ordered (me! me!), then you don’t even need a reason. Being disorganized is simply unthinkable. Tips on Getting Organized Here we present our 40 best tips on how to get organized. Or, if you’re already organized, to get better organized. Tip #1. Choose Your Organization System Carefully The reason that most people are not organized is that it takes time. And the first thing that takes time is deciding upon a system of organization. This is always a matter of personal preference, and is not something that a geek on a website can tell you. You should always choose your own system, based on how your own brain is organized (which makes the assumption that your brain is, in fact, organized). We can’t instruct you, but we can make suggestions: You may want to start off with a system based on the users of the computer. i.e. “My Files”, “My Wife’s Files”, My Son’s Files”, etc. Inside “My Files”, you might then break it down into “Personal” and “Business”. You may then realize that there are overlaps. For example, everyone may want to share access to the music library, or the photos from the school play. So you may create another folder called “Family”, for the “common” files. You may decide that the highest-level breakdown of your files is based on the “source” of each file. In other words, who created the files. You could have “Files created by ME (business or personal)”, “Files created by people I know (family, friends, etc)”, and finally “Files created by the rest of the world (MP3 music files, downloaded or ripped movies or TV shows, software installation files, gorgeous desktop wallpaper images you’ve collected, etc).” This system happens to be the one I use myself. See below: Mark is for files created by meVC is for files created by my company (Virtual Creations)Others is for files created by my friends and familyData is the rest of the worldAlso, Settings is where I store the configuration files and other program data files for my installed software (more on this in tip #34, below). Each folder will present its own particular set of requirements for further sub-organization. For example, you may decide to organize your music collection into sub-folders based on the artist’s name, while your digital photos might get organized based on the date they were taken. It can be different for every sub-folder! Another strategy would be based on “currentness”. Files you have yet to open and look at live in one folder. Ones that have been looked at but not yet filed live in another place. Current, active projects live in yet another place. All other files (your “archive”, if you like) would live in a fourth folder. (And of course, within that last folder you’d need to create a further sub-system based on one of the previous bullet points). Put some thought into this – changing it when it proves incomplete can be a big hassle! Before you go to the trouble of implementing any system you come up with, examine a wide cross-section of the files you own and see if they will all be able to find a nice logical place to sit within your system. Tip #2. When You Decide on Your System, Stick to It! There’s nothing more pointless than going to all the trouble of creating a system and filing all your files, and then whenever you create, receive or download a new file, you simply dump it onto your Desktop. You need to be disciplined – forever! Every new file you get, spend those extra few seconds to file it where it belongs! Otherwise, in just a month or two, you’ll be worse off than before – half your files will be organized and half will be disorganized – and you won’t know which is which! Tip #3. Choose the Root Folder of Your Structure Carefully Every data file (document, photo, music file, etc) that you create, own or is important to you, no matter where it came from, should be found within one single folder, and that one single folder should be located at the root of your C: drive (as a sub-folder of C:\). In other words, do not base your folder structure in standard folders like “My Documents”. If you do, then you’re leaving it up to the operating system engineers to decide what folder structure is best for you. And every operating system has a different system! In Windows 7 your files are found in C:\Users\YourName, whilst on Windows XP it was C:\Documents and Settings\YourName\My Documents. In UNIX systems it’s often /home/YourName. These standard default folders tend to fill up with junk files and folders that are not at all important to you. “My Documents” is the worst offender. Every second piece of software you install, it seems, likes to create its own folder in the “My Documents” folder. These folders usually don’t fit within your organizational structure, so don’t use them! In fact, don’t even use the “My Documents” folder at all. Allow it to fill up with junk, and then simply ignore it. It sounds heretical, but: Don’t ever visit your “My Documents” folder! Remove your icons/links to “My Documents” and replace them with links to the folders you created and you care about! Create your own file system from scratch! Probably the best place to put it would be on your D: drive – if you have one. This way, all your files live on one drive, while all the operating system and software component files live on the C: drive – simply and elegantly separated. The benefits of that are profound. Not only are there obvious organizational benefits (see tip #10, below), but when it comes to migrate your data to a new computer, you can (sometimes) simply unplug your D: drive and plug it in as the D: drive of your new computer (this implies that the D: drive is actually a separate physical disk, and not a partition on the same disk as C:). You also get a slight speed improvement (again, only if your C: and D: drives are on separate physical disks). Warning: From tip #12, below, you will see that it’s actually a good idea to have exactly the same file system structure – including the drive it’s filed on – on all of the computers you own. So if you decide to use the D: drive as the storage system for your own files, make sure you are able to use the D: drive on all the computers you own. If you can’t ensure that, then you can still use a clever geeky trick to store your files on the D: drive, but still access them all via the C: drive (see tip #17, below). If you only have one hard disk (C:), then create a dedicated folder that will contain all your files – something like C:\Files. The name of the folder is not important, but make it a single, brief word. There are several reasons for this: When creating a backup regime, it’s easy to decide what files should be backed up – they’re all in the one folder! If you ever decide to trade in your computer for a new one, you know exactly which files to migrate You will always know where to begin a search for any file If you synchronize files with other computers, it makes your synchronization routines very simple. It also causes all your shortcuts to continue to work on the other machines (more about this in tip #24, below). Once you’ve decided where your files should go, then put all your files in there – Everything! Completely disregard the standard, default folders that are created for you by the operating system (“My Music”, “My Pictures”, etc). In fact, you can actually relocate many of those folders into your own structure (more about that below, in tip #6). The more completely you get all your data files (documents, photos, music, etc) and all your configuration settings into that one folder, then the easier it will be to perform all of the above tasks. Once this has been done, and all your files live in one folder, all the other folders in C:\ can be thought of as “operating system” folders, and therefore of little day-to-day interest for us. Here’s a screenshot of a nicely organized C: drive, where all user files are located within the \Files folder: Tip #4. Use Sub-Folders This would be our simplest and most obvious tip. It almost goes without saying. Any organizational system you decide upon (see tip #1) will require that you create sub-folders for your files. Get used to creating folders on a regular basis. Tip #5. Don’t be Shy About Depth Create as many levels of sub-folders as you need. Don’t be scared to do so. Every time you notice an opportunity to group a set of related files into a sub-folder, do so. Examples might include: All the MP3s from one music CD, all the photos from one holiday, or all the documents from one client. It’s perfectly okay to put files into a folder called C:\Files\Me\From Others\Services\WestCo Bank\Statements\2009. That’s only seven levels deep. Ten levels is not uncommon. Of course, it’s possible to take this too far. If you notice yourself creating a sub-folder to hold only one file, then you’ve probably become a little over-zealous. On the other hand, if you simply create a structure with only two levels (for example C:\Files\Work) then you really haven’t achieved any level of organization at all (unless you own only six files!). Your “Work” folder will have become a dumping ground, just like your Desktop was, with most likely hundreds of files in it. Tip #6. Move the Standard User Folders into Your Own Folder Structure Most operating systems, including Windows, create a set of standard folders for each of its users. These folders then become the default location for files such as documents, music files, digital photos and downloaded Internet files. In Windows 7, the full list is shown below: Some of these folders you may never use nor care about (for example, the Favorites folder, if you’re not using Internet Explorer as your browser). Those ones you can leave where they are. But you may be using some of the other folders to store files that are important to you. Even if you’re not using them, Windows will still often treat them as the default storage location for many types of files. When you go to save a standard file type, it can become annoying to be automatically prompted to save it in a folder that’s not part of your own file structure. But there’s a simple solution: Move the folders you care about into your own folder structure! If you do, then the next time you go to save a file of the corresponding type, Windows will prompt you to save it in the new, moved location. Moving the folders is easy. Simply drag-and-drop them to the new location. Here’s a screenshot of the default My Music folder being moved to my custom personal folder (Mark): Tip #7. Name Files and Folders Intelligently This is another one that almost goes without saying, but we’ll say it anyway: Do not allow files to be created that have meaningless names like Document1.doc, or folders called New Folder (2). Take that extra 20 seconds and come up with a meaningful name for the file/folder – one that accurately divulges its contents without repeating the entire contents in the name. Tip #8. Watch Out for Long Filenames Another way to tell if you have not yet created enough depth to your folder hierarchy is that your files often require really long names. If you need to call a file Johnson Sales Figures March 2009.xls (which might happen to live in the same folder as Abercrombie Budget Report 2008.xls), then you might want to create some sub-folders so that the first file could be simply called March.xls, and living in the Clients\Johnson\Sales Figures\2009 folder. A well-placed file needs only a brief filename! Tip #9. Use Shortcuts! Everywhere! This is probably the single most useful and important tip we can offer. A shortcut allows a file to be in two places at once. Why would you want that? Well, the file and folder structure of every popular operating system on the market today is hierarchical. This means that all objects (files and folders) always live within exactly one parent folder. It’s a bit like a tree. A tree has branches (folders) and leaves (files). Each leaf, and each branch, is supported by exactly one parent branch, all the way back to the root of the tree (which, incidentally, is exactly why C:\ is called the “root folder” of the C: drive). That hard disks are structured this way may seem obvious and even necessary, but it’s only one way of organizing data. There are others: Relational databases, for example, organize structured data entirely differently. The main limitation of hierarchical filing structures is that a file can only ever be in one branch of the tree – in only one folder – at a time. Why is this a problem? Well, there are two main reasons why this limitation is a problem for computer users: The “correct” place for a file, according to our organizational rationale, is very often a very inconvenient place for that file to be located. Just because it’s correctly filed doesn’t mean it’s easy to get to. Your file may be “correctly” buried six levels deep in your sub-folder structure, but you may need regular and speedy access to this file every day. You could always move it to a more convenient location, but that would mean that you would need to re-file back to its “correct” location it every time you’d finished working on it. Most unsatisfactory. A file may simply “belong” in two or more different locations within your file structure. For example, say you’re an accountant and you have just completed the 2009 tax return for John Smith. It might make sense to you to call this file 2009 Tax Return.doc and file it under Clients\John Smith. But it may also be important to you to have the 2009 tax returns from all your clients together in the one place. So you might also want to call the file John Smith.doc and file it under Tax Returns\2009. The problem is, in a purely hierarchical filing system, you can’t put it in both places. Grrrrr! Fortunately, Windows (and most other operating systems) offers a way for you to do exactly that: It’s called a “shortcut” (also known as an “alias” on Macs and a “symbolic link” on UNIX systems). Shortcuts allow a file to exist in one place, and an icon that represents the file to be created and put anywhere else you please. In fact, you can create a dozen such icons and scatter them all over your hard disk. Double-clicking on one of these icons/shortcuts opens up the original file, just as if you had double-clicked on the original file itself. Consider the following two icons: The one on the left is the actual Word document, while the one on the right is a shortcut that represents the Word document. Double-clicking on either icon will open the same file. There are two main visual differences between the icons: The shortcut will have a small arrow in the lower-left-hand corner (on Windows, anyway) The shortcut is allowed to have a name that does not include the file extension (the “.docx” part, in this case) You can delete the shortcut at any time without losing any actual data. The original is still intact. All you lose is the ability to get to that data from wherever the shortcut was. So why are shortcuts so great? Because they allow us to easily overcome the main limitation of hierarchical file systems, and put a file in two (or more) places at the same time. You will always have files that don’t play nice with your organizational rationale, and can’t be filed in only one place. They demand to exist in two places. Shortcuts allow this! Furthermore, they allow you to collect your most often-opened files and folders together in one spot for convenient access. The cool part is that the original files stay where they are, safe forever in their perfectly organized location. So your collection of most often-opened files can – and should – become a collection of shortcuts! If you’re still not convinced of the utility of shortcuts, consider the following well-known areas of a typical Windows computer: The Start Menu (and all the programs that live within it) The Quick Launch bar (or the Superbar in Windows 7) The “Favorite folders” area in the top-left corner of the Windows Explorer window (in Windows Vista or Windows 7) Your Internet Explorer Favorites or Firefox Bookmarks Each item in each of these areas is a shortcut! Each of those areas exist for one purpose only: For convenience – to provide you with a collection of the files and folders you access most often. It should be easy to see by now that shortcuts are designed for one single purpose: To make accessing your files more convenient. Each time you double-click on a shortcut, you are saved the hassle of locating the file (or folder, or program, or drive, or control panel icon) that it represents. Shortcuts allow us to invent a golden rule of file and folder organization: “Only ever have one copy of a file – never have two copies of the same file. Use a shortcut instead” (this rule doesn’t apply to copies created for backup purposes, of course!) There are also lesser rules, like “don’t move a file into your work area – create a shortcut there instead”, and “any time you find yourself frustrated with how long it takes to locate a file, create a shortcut to it and place that shortcut in a convenient location.” So how to we create these massively useful shortcuts? There are two main ways: “Copy” the original file or folder (click on it and type Ctrl-C, or right-click on it and select Copy): Then right-click in an empty area of the destination folder (the place where you want the shortcut to go) and select Paste shortcut: Right-drag (drag with the right mouse button) the file from the source folder to the destination folder. When you let go of the mouse button at the destination folder, a menu pops up: Select Create shortcuts here. Note that when shortcuts are created, they are often named something like Shortcut to Budget Detail.doc (windows XP) or Budget Detail – Shortcut.doc (Windows 7). If you don’t like those extra words, you can easily rename the shortcuts after they’re created, or you can configure Windows to never insert the extra words in the first place (see our article on how to do this). And of course, you can create shortcuts to folders too, not just to files! Bottom line: Whenever you have a file that you’d like to access from somewhere else (whether it’s convenience you’re after, or because the file simply belongs in two places), create a shortcut to the original file in the new location. Tip #10. Separate Application Files from Data Files Any digital organization guru will drum this rule into you. Application files are the components of the software you’ve installed (e.g. Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop or Internet Explorer). Data files are the files that you’ve created for yourself using that software (e.g. Word Documents, digital photos, emails or playlists). Software gets installed, uninstalled and upgraded all the time. Hopefully you always have the original installation media (or downloaded set-up file) kept somewhere safe, and can thus reinstall your software at any time. This means that the software component files are of little importance. Whereas the files you have created with that software is, by definition, important. It’s a good rule to always separate unimportant files from important files. So when your software prompts you to save a file you’ve just created, take a moment and check out where it’s suggesting that you save the file. If it’s suggesting that you save the file into the same folder as the software itself, then definitely don’t follow that suggestion. File it in your own folder! In fact, see if you can find the program’s configuration option that determines where files are saved by default (if it has one), and change it. Tip #11. Organize Files Based on Purpose, Not on File Type If you have, for example a folder called Work\Clients\Johnson, and within that folder you have two sub-folders, Word Documents and Spreadsheets (in other words, you’re separating “.doc” files from “.xls” files), then chances are that you’re not optimally organized. It makes little sense to organize your files based on the program that created them. Instead, create your sub-folders based on the purpose of the file. For example, it would make more sense to create sub-folders called Correspondence and Financials. It may well be that all the files in a given sub-folder are of the same file-type, but this should be more of a coincidence and less of a design feature of your organization system. Tip #12. Maintain the Same Folder Structure on All Your Computers In other words, whatever organizational system you create, apply it to every computer that you can. There are several benefits to this: There’s less to remember. No matter where you are, you always know where to look for your files If you copy or synchronize files from one computer to another, then setting up the synchronization job becomes very simple Shortcuts can be copied or moved from one computer to another with ease (assuming the original files are also copied/moved). There’s no need to find the target of the shortcut all over again on the second computer Ditto for linked files (e.g Word documents that link to data in a separate Excel file), playlists, and any files that reference the exact file locations of other files. This applies even to the drive that your files are stored on. If your files are stored on C: on one computer, make sure they’re stored on C: on all your computers. Otherwise all your shortcuts, playlists and linked files will stop working! Tip #13. Create an “Inbox” Folder Create yourself a folder where you store all files that you’re currently working on, or that you haven’t gotten around to filing yet. You can think of this folder as your “to-do” list. You can call it “Inbox” (making it the same metaphor as your email system), or “Work”, or “To-Do”, or “Scratch”, or whatever name makes sense to you. It doesn’t matter what you call it – just make sure you have one! Once you have finished working on a file, you then move it from the “Inbox” to its correct location within your organizational structure. You may want to use your Desktop as this “Inbox” folder. Rightly or wrongly, most people do. It’s not a bad place to put such files, but be careful: If you do decide that your Desktop represents your “to-do” list, then make sure that no other files find their way there. In other words, make sure that your “Inbox”, wherever it is, Desktop or otherwise, is kept free of junk – stray files that don’t belong there. So where should you put this folder, which, almost by definition, lives outside the structure of the rest of your filing system? Well, first and foremost, it has to be somewhere handy. This will be one of your most-visited folders, so convenience is key. Putting it on the Desktop is a great option – especially if you don’t have any other folders on your Desktop: the folder then becomes supremely easy to find in Windows Explorer: You would then create shortcuts to this folder in convenient spots all over your computer (“Favorite Links”, “Quick Launch”, etc). Tip #14. Ensure You have Only One “Inbox” Folder Once you’ve created your “Inbox” folder, don’t use any other folder location as your “to-do list”. Throw every incoming or created file into the Inbox folder as you create/receive it. This keeps the rest of your computer pristine and free of randomly created or downloaded junk. The last thing you want to be doing is checking multiple folders to see all your current tasks and projects. Gather them all together into one folder. Here are some tips to help ensure you only have one Inbox: Set the default “save” location of all your programs to this folder. Set the default “download” location for your browser to this folder. If this folder is not your desktop (recommended) then also see if you can make a point of not putting “to-do” files on your desktop. This keeps your desktop uncluttered and Zen-like: (the Inbox folder is in the bottom-right corner) Tip #15. Be Vigilant about Clearing Your “Inbox” Folder This is one of the keys to staying organized. If you let your “Inbox” overflow (i.e. allow there to be more than, say, 30 files or folders in there), then you’re probably going to start feeling like you’re overwhelmed: You’re not keeping up with your to-do list. Once your Inbox gets beyond a certain point (around 30 files, studies have shown), then you’ll simply start to avoid it. You may continue to put files in there, but you’ll be scared to look at it, fearing the “out of control” feeling that all overworked, chaotic or just plain disorganized people regularly feel. So, here’s what you can do: Visit your Inbox/to-do folder regularly (at least five times per day). Scan the folder regularly for files that you have completed working on and are ready for filing. File them immediately. Make it a source of pride to keep the number of files in this folder as small as possible. If you value peace of mind, then make the emptiness of this folder one of your highest (computer) priorities If you know that a particular file has been in the folder for more than, say, six weeks, then admit that you’re not actually going to get around to processing it, and move it to its final resting place. Tip #16. File Everything Immediately, and Use Shortcuts for Your Active Projects As soon as you create, receive or download a new file, store it away in its “correct” folder immediately. Then, whenever you need to work on it (possibly straight away), create a shortcut to it in your “Inbox” (“to-do”) folder or your desktop. That way, all your files are always in their “correct” locations, yet you still have immediate, convenient access to your current, active files. When you finish working on a file, simply delete the shortcut. Ideally, your “Inbox” folder – and your Desktop – should contain no actual files or folders. They should simply contain shortcuts. Tip #17. Use Directory Symbolic Links (or Junctions) to Maintain One Unified Folder Structure Using this tip, we can get around a potential hiccup that we can run into when creating our organizational structure – the issue of having more than one drive on our computer (C:, D:, etc). We might have files we need to store on the D: drive for space reasons, and yet want to base our organized folder structure on the C: drive (or vice-versa). Your chosen organizational structure may dictate that all your files must be accessed from the C: drive (for example, the root folder of all your files may be something like C:\Files). And yet you may still have a D: drive and wish to take advantage of the hundreds of spare Gigabytes that it offers. Did you know that it’s actually possible to store your files on the D: drive and yet access them as if they were on the C: drive? And no, we’re not talking about shortcuts here (although the concept is very similar). By using the shell command mklink, you can essentially take a folder that lives on one drive and create an alias for it on a different drive (you can do lots more than that with mklink – for a full rundown on this programs capabilities, see our dedicated article). These aliases are called directory symbolic links (and used to be known as junctions). You can think of them as “virtual” folders. They function exactly like regular folders, except they’re physically located somewhere else. For example, you may decide that your entire D: drive contains your complete organizational file structure, but that you need to reference all those files as if they were on the C: drive, under C:\Files. If that was the case you could create C:\Files as a directory symbolic link – a link to D:, as follows: mklink /d c:\files d:\ Or it may be that the only files you wish to store on the D: drive are your movie collection. You could locate all your movie files in the root of your D: drive, and then link it to C:\Files\Media\Movies, as follows: mklink /d c:\files\media\movies d:\ (Needless to say, you must run these commands from a command prompt – click the Start button, type cmd and press Enter) Tip #18. Customize Your Folder Icons This is not strictly speaking an organizational tip, but having unique icons for each folder does allow you to more quickly visually identify which folder is which, and thus saves you time when you’re finding files. An example is below (from my folder that contains all files downloaded from the Internet): To learn how to change your folder icons, please refer to our dedicated article on the subject. Tip #19. Tidy Your Start Menu The Windows Start Menu is usually one of the messiest parts of any Windows computer. Every program you install seems to adopt a completely different approach to placing icons in this menu. Some simply put a single program icon. Others create a folder based on the name of the software. And others create a folder based on the name of the software manufacturer. It’s chaos, and can make it hard to find the software you want to run. Thankfully we can avoid this chaos with useful operating system features like Quick Launch, the Superbar or pinned start menu items. Even so, it would make a lot of sense to get into the guts of the Start Menu itself and give it a good once-over. All you really need to decide is how you’re going to organize your applications. A structure based on the purpose of the application is an obvious candidate. Below is an example of one such structure: In this structure, Utilities means software whose job it is to keep the computer itself running smoothly (configuration tools, backup software, Zip programs, etc). Applications refers to any productivity software that doesn’t fit under the headings Multimedia, Graphics, Internet, etc. In case you’re not aware, every icon in your Start Menu is a shortcut and can be manipulated like any other shortcut (copied, moved, deleted, etc). With the Windows Start Menu (all version of Windows), Microsoft has decided that there be two parallel folder structures to store your Start Menu shortcuts. One for you (the logged-in user of the computer) and one for all users of the computer. Having two parallel structures can often be redundant: If you are the only user of the computer, then having two parallel structures is totally redundant. Even if you have several users that regularly log into the computer, most of your installed software will need to be made available to all users, and should thus be moved out of the “just you” version of the Start Menu and into the “all users” area. To take control of your Start Menu, so you can start organizing it, you’ll need to know how to access the actual folders and shortcut files that make up the Start Menu (both versions of it). To find these folders and files, click the Start button and then right-click on the All Programs text (Windows XP users should right-click on the Start button itself): The Open option refers to the “just you” version of the Start Menu, while the Open All Users option refers to the “all users” version. Click on the one you want to organize. A Windows Explorer window then opens with your chosen version of the Start Menu selected. From there it’s easy. Double-click on the Programs folder and you’ll see all your folders and shortcuts. Now you can delete/rename/move until it’s just the way you want it. Note: When you’re reorganizing your Start Menu, you may want to have two Explorer windows open at the same time – one showing the “just you” version and one showing the “all users” version. You can drag-and-drop between the windows. Tip #20. Keep Your Start Menu Tidy Once you have a perfectly organized Start Menu, try to be a little vigilant about keeping it that way. Every time you install a new piece of software, the icons that get created will almost certainly violate your organizational structure. So to keep your Start Menu pristine and organized, make sure you do the following whenever you install a new piece of software: Check whether the software was installed into the “just you” area of the Start Menu, or the “all users” area, and then move it to the correct area. Remove all the unnecessary icons (like the “Read me” icon, the “Help” icon (you can always open the help from within the software itself when it’s running), the “Uninstall” icon, the link(s)to the manufacturer’s website, etc) Rename the main icon(s) of the software to something brief that makes sense to you. For example, you might like to rename Microsoft Office Word 2010 to simply Word Move the icon(s) into the correct folder based on your Start Menu organizational structure And don’t forget: when you uninstall a piece of software, the software’s uninstall routine is no longer going to be able to remove the software’s icon from the Start Menu (because you moved and/or renamed it), so you’ll need to remove that icon manually. Tip #21. Tidy C:\ The root of your C: drive (C:\) is a common dumping ground for files and folders – both by the users of your computer and by the software that you install on your computer. It can become a mess. There’s almost no software these days that requires itself to be installed in C:\. 99% of the time it can and should be installed into C:\Program Files. And as for your own files, well, it’s clear that they can (and almost always should) be stored somewhere else. In an ideal world, your C:\ folder should look like this (on Windows 7): Note that there are some system files and folders in C:\ that are usually and deliberately “hidden” (such as the Windows virtual memory file pagefile.sys, the boot loader file bootmgr, and the System Volume Information folder). Hiding these files and folders is a good idea, as they need to stay where they are and are almost never needed to be opened or even seen by you, the user. Hiding them prevents you from accidentally messing with them, and enhances your sense of order and well-being when you look at your C: drive folder. Tip #22. Tidy Your Desktop The Desktop is probably the most abused part of a Windows computer (from an organization point of view). It usually serves as a dumping ground for all incoming files, as well as holding icons to oft-used applications, plus some regularly opened files and folders. It often ends up becoming an uncontrolled mess. See if you can avoid this. Here’s why… Application icons (Word, Internet Explorer, etc) are often found on the Desktop, but it’s unlikely that this is the optimum place for them. The “Quick Launch” bar (or the Superbar in Windows 7) is always visible and so represents a perfect location to put your icons. You’ll only be able to see the icons on your Desktop when all your programs are minimized. It might be time to get your application icons off your desktop… You may have decided that the Inbox/To-do folder on your computer (see tip #13, above) should be your Desktop. If so, then enough said. Simply be vigilant about clearing it and preventing it from being polluted by junk files (see tip #15, above). On the other hand, if your Desktop is not acting as your “Inbox” folder, then there’s no reason for it to have any data files or folders on it at all, except perhaps a couple of shortcuts to often-opened files and folders (either ongoing or current projects). Everything else should be moved to your “Inbox” folder. In an ideal world, it might look like this: Tip #23. Move Permanent Items on Your Desktop Away from the Top-Left Corner When files/folders are dragged onto your desktop in a Windows Explorer window, or when shortcuts are created on your Desktop from Internet Explorer, those icons are always placed in the top-left corner – or as close as they can get. If you have other files, folders or shortcuts that you keep on the Desktop permanently, then it’s a good idea to separate these permanent icons from the transient ones, so that you can quickly identify which ones the transients are. An easy way to do this is to move all your permanent icons to the right-hand side of your Desktop. That should keep them separated from incoming items. Tip #24. Synchronize If you have more than one computer, you’ll almost certainly want to share files between them. If the computers are permanently attached to the same local network, then there’s no need to store multiple copies of any one file or folder – shortcuts will suffice. However, if the computers are not always on the same network, then you will at some point need to copy files between them. For files that need to permanently live on both computers, the ideal way to do this is to synchronize the files, as opposed to simply copying them. We only have room here to write a brief summary of synchronization, not a full article. In short, there are several different types of synchronization: Where the contents of one folder are accessible anywhere, such as with Dropbox Where the contents of any number of folders are accessible anywhere, such as with Windows Live Mesh Where any files or folders from anywhere on your computer are synchronized with exactly one other computer, such as with the Windows “Briefcase”, Microsoft SyncToy, or (much more powerful, yet still free) SyncBack from 2BrightSparks. This only works when both computers are on the same local network, at least temporarily. A great advantage of synchronization solutions is that once you’ve got it configured the way you want it, then the sync process happens automatically, every time. Click a button (or schedule it to happen automatically) and all your files are automagically put where they’re supposed to be. If you maintain the same file and folder structure on both computers, then you can also sync files depend upon the correct location of other files, like shortcuts, playlists and office documents that link to other office documents, and the synchronized files still work on the other computer! Tip #25. Hide Files You Never Need to See If you have your files well organized, you will often be able to tell if a file is out of place just by glancing at the contents of a folder (for example, it should be pretty obvious if you look in a folder that contains all the MP3s from one music CD and see a Word document in there). This is a good thing – it allows you to determine if there are files out of place with a quick glance. Yet sometimes there are files in a folder that seem out of place but actually need to be there, such as the “folder art” JPEGs in music folders, and various files in the root of the C: drive. If such files never need to be opened by you, then a good idea is to simply hide them. Then, the next time you glance at the folder, you won’t have to remember whether that file was supposed to be there or not, because you won’t see it at all! To hide a file, simply right-click on it and choose Properties: Then simply tick the Hidden tick-box: Tip #26. Keep Every Setup File These days most software is downloaded from the Internet. Whenever you download a piece of software, keep it. You’ll never know when you need to reinstall the software. Further, keep with it an Internet shortcut that links back to the website where you originally downloaded it, in case you ever need to check for updates. See tip #33 below for a full description of the excellence of organizing your setup files. Tip #27. Try to Minimize the Number of Folders that Contain Both Files and Sub-folders Some of the folders in your organizational structure will contain only files. Others will contain only sub-folders. And you will also have some folders that contain both files and sub-folders. You will notice slight improvements in how long it takes you to locate a file if you try to avoid this third type of folder. It’s not always possible, of course – you’ll always have some of these folders, but see if you can avoid it. One way of doing this is to take all the leftover files that didn’t end up getting stored in a sub-folder and create a special “Miscellaneous” or “Other” folder for them. Tip #28. Starting a Filename with an Underscore Brings it to the Top of a List Further to the previous tip, if you name that “Miscellaneous” or “Other” folder in such a way that its name begins with an underscore “_”, then it will appear at the top of the list of files/folders. The screenshot below is an example of this. Each folder in the list contains a set of digital photos. The folder at the top of the list, _Misc, contains random photos that didn’t deserve their own dedicated folder: Tip #29. Clean Up those CD-ROMs and (shudder!) Floppy Disks Have you got a pile of CD-ROMs stacked on a shelf of your office? Old photos, or files you archived off onto CD-ROM (or even worse, floppy disks!) because you didn’t have enough disk space at the time? In the meantime have you upgraded your computer and now have 500 Gigabytes of space you don’t know what to do with? If so, isn’t it time you tidied up that stack of disks and filed them into your gorgeous new folder structure? So what are you waiting for? Bite the bullet, copy them all back onto your computer, file them in their appropriate folders, and then back the whole lot up onto a shiny new 1000Gig external hard drive! Useful Folders to Create This next section suggests some useful folders that you might want to create within your folder structure. I’ve personally found them to be indispensable. The first three are all about convenience – handy folders to create and then put somewhere that you can always access instantly. For each one, it’s not so important where the actual folder is located, but it’s very important where you put the shortcut(s) to the folder. You might want to locate the shortcuts: On your Desktop In your “Quick Launch” area (or pinned to your Windows 7 Superbar) In your Windows Explorer “Favorite Links” area Tip #30. Create an “Inbox” (“To-Do”) Folder This has already been mentioned in depth (see tip #13), but we wanted to reiterate its importance here. This folder contains all the recently created, received or downloaded files that you have not yet had a chance to file away properly, and it also may contain files that you have yet to process. In effect, it becomes a sort of “to-do list”. It doesn’t have to be called “Inbox” – you can call it whatever you want. Tip #31. Create a Folder where Your Current Projects are Collected Rather than going hunting for them all the time, or dumping them all on your desktop, create a special folder where you put links (or work folders) for each of the projects you’re currently working on. You can locate this folder in your “Inbox” folder, on your desktop, or anywhere at all – just so long as there’s a way of getting to it quickly, such as putting a link to it in Windows Explorer’s “Favorite Links” area: Tip #32. Create a Folder for Files and Folders that You Regularly Open You will always have a few files that you open regularly, whether it be a spreadsheet of your current accounts, or a favorite playlist. These are not necessarily “current projects”, rather they’re simply files that you always find yourself opening. Typically such files would be located on your desktop (or even better, shortcuts to those files). Why not collect all such shortcuts together and put them in their own special folder? As with the “Current Projects” folder (above), you would want to locate that folder somewhere convenient. Below is an example of a folder called “Quick links”, with about seven files (shortcuts) in it, that is accessible through the Windows Quick Launch bar: See tip #37 below for a full explanation of the power of the Quick Launch bar. Tip #33. Create a “Set-ups” Folder A typical computer has dozens of applications installed on it. For each piece of software, there are often many different pieces of information you need to keep track of, including: The original installation setup file(s). This can be anything from a simple 100Kb setup.exe file you downloaded from a website, all the way up to a 4Gig ISO file that you copied from a DVD-ROM that you purchased. The home page of the software manufacturer (in case you need to look up something on their support pages, their forum or their online help) The page containing the download link for your actual file (in case you need to re-download it, or download an upgraded version) The serial number Your proof-of-purchase documentation Any other template files, plug-ins, themes, etc that also need to get installed For each piece of software, it’s a great idea to gather all of these files together and put them in a single folder. The folder can be the name of the software (plus possibly a very brief description of what it’s for – in case you can’t remember what the software does based in its name). Then you would gather all of these folders together into one place, and call it something like “Software” or “Setups”. If you have enough of these folders (I have several hundred, being a geek, collected over 20 years), then you may want to further categorize them. My own categorization structure is based on “platform” (operating system): The last seven folders each represents one platform/operating system, while _Operating Systems contains set-up files for installing the operating systems themselves. _Hardware contains ROMs for hardware I own, such as routers. Within the Windows folder (above), you can see the beginnings of the vast library of software I’ve compiled over the years: An example of a typical application folder looks like this: Tip #34. Have a “Settings” Folder We all know that our documents are important. So are our photos and music files. We save all of these files into folders, and then locate them afterwards and double-click on them to open them. But there are many files that are important to us that can’t be saved into folders, and then searched for and double-clicked later on. These files certainly contain important information that we need, but are often created internally by an application, and saved wherever that application feels is appropriate. A good example of this is the “PST” file that Outlook creates for us and uses to store all our emails, contacts, appointments and so forth. Another example would be the collection of Bookmarks that Firefox stores on your behalf. And yet another example would be the customized settings and configuration files of our all our software. Granted, most Windows programs store their configuration in the Registry, but there are still many programs that use configuration files to store their settings. Imagine if you lost all of the above files! And yet, when people are backing up their computers, they typically only back up the files they know about – those that are stored in the “My Documents” folder, etc. If they had a hard disk failure or their computer was lost or stolen, their backup files would not include some of the most vital files they owned. Also, when migrating to a new computer, it’s vital to ensure that these files make the journey. It can be a very useful idea to create yourself a folder to store all your “settings” – files that are important to you but which you never actually search for by name and double-click on to open them. Otherwise, next time you go to set up a new computer just the way you want it, you’ll need to spend hours recreating the configuration of your previous computer! So how to we get our important files into this folder? Well, we have a few options: Some programs (such as Outlook and its PST files) allow you to place these files wherever you want. If you delve into the program’s options, you will find a setting somewhere that controls the location of the important settings files (or “personal storage” – PST – when it comes to Outlook) Some programs do not allow you to change such locations in any easy way, but if you get into the Registry, you can sometimes find a registry key that refers to the location of the file(s). Simply move the file into your Settings folder and adjust the registry key to refer to the new location. Some programs stubbornly refuse to allow their settings files to be placed anywhere other then where they stipulate. When faced with programs like these, you have three choices: (1) You can ignore those files, (2) You can copy the files into your Settings folder (let’s face it – settings don’t change very often), or (3) you can use synchronization software, such as the Windows Briefcase, to make synchronized copies of all your files in your Settings folder. All you then have to do is to remember to run your sync software periodically (perhaps just before you run your backup software!). There are some other things you may decide to locate inside this new “Settings” folder: Exports of registry keys (from the many applications that store their configurations in the Registry). This is useful for backup purposes or for migrating to a new computer Notes you’ve made about all the specific customizations you have made to a particular piece of software (so that you’ll know how to do it all again on your next computer) Shortcuts to webpages that detail how to tweak certain aspects of your operating system or applications so they are just the way you like them (such as how to remove the words “Shortcut to” from the beginning of newly created shortcuts). In other words, you’d want to create shortcuts to half the pages on the How-To Geek website! Here’s an example of a “Settings” folder: Windows Features that Help with Organization This section details some of the features of Microsoft Windows that are a boon to anyone hoping to stay optimally organized. Tip #35. Use the “Favorite Links” Area to Access Oft-Used Folders Once you’ve created your great new filing system, work out which folders you access most regularly, or which serve as great starting points for locating the rest of the files in your folder structure, and then put links to those folders in your “Favorite Links” area of the left-hand side of the Windows Explorer window (simply called “Favorites” in Windows 7): Some ideas for folders you might want to add there include: Your “Inbox” folder (or whatever you’ve called it) – most important! The base of your filing structure (e.g. C:\Files) A folder containing shortcuts to often-accessed folders on other computers around the network (shown above as Network Folders) A folder containing shortcuts to your current projects (unless that folder is in your “Inbox” folder) Getting folders into this area is very simple – just locate the folder you’re interested in and drag it there! Tip #36. Customize the Places Bar in the File/Open and File/Save Boxes Consider the screenshot below: The highlighted icons (collectively known as the “Places Bar”) can be customized to refer to any folder location you want, allowing instant access to any part of your organizational structure. Note: These File/Open and File/Save boxes have been superseded by new versions that use the Windows Vista/Windows 7 “Favorite Links”, but the older versions (shown above) are still used by a surprisingly large number of applications. The easiest way to customize these icons is to use the Group Policy Editor, but not everyone has access to this program. If you do, open it up and navigate to: User Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Windows Explorer > Common Open File Dialog If you don’t have access to the Group Policy Editor, then you’ll need to get into the Registry. Navigate to: HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Policies \ comdlg32 \ Placesbar It should then be easy to make the desired changes. Log off and log on again to allow the changes to take effect. Tip #37. Use the Quick Launch Bar as a Application and File Launcher That Quick Launch bar (to the right of the Start button) is a lot more useful than people give it credit for. Most people simply have half a dozen icons in it, and use it to start just those programs. But it can actually be used to instantly access just about anything in your filing system: For complete instructions on how to set this up, visit our dedicated article on this topic. Tip #38. Put a Shortcut to Windows Explorer into Your Quick Launch Bar This is only necessary in Windows Vista and Windows XP. The Microsoft boffins finally got wise and added it to the Windows 7 Superbar by default. Windows Explorer – the program used for managing your files and folders – is one of the most useful programs in Windows. Anyone who considers themselves serious about being organized needs instant access to this program at any time. A great place to create a shortcut to this program is in the Windows XP and Windows Vista “Quick Launch” bar: To get it there, locate it in your Start Menu (usually under “Accessories”) and then right-drag it down into your Quick Launch bar (and create a copy). Tip #39. Customize the Starting Folder for Your Windows 7 Explorer Superbar Icon If you’re on Windows 7, your Superbar will include a Windows Explorer icon. Clicking on the icon will launch Windows Explorer (of course), and will start you off in your “Libraries” folder. Libraries may be fine as a starting point, but if you have created yourself an “Inbox” folder, then it would probably make more sense to start off in this folder every time you launch Windows Explorer. To change this default/starting folder location, then first right-click the Explorer icon in the Superbar, and then right-click Properties:Then, in Target field of the Windows Explorer Properties box that appears, type %windir%\explorer.exe followed by the path of the folder you wish to start in. For example: %windir%\explorer.exe C:\Files If that folder happened to be on the Desktop (and called, say, “Inbox”), then you would use the following cleverness: %windir%\explorer.exe shell:desktop\Inbox Then click OK and test it out. Tip #40. Ummmmm…. No, that’s it. I can’t think of another one. That’s all of the tips I can come up with. I only created this one because 40 is such a nice round number… Case Study – An Organized PC To finish off the article, I have included a few screenshots of my (main) computer (running Vista). The aim here is twofold: To give you a sense of what it looks like when the above, sometimes abstract, tips are applied to a real-life computer, and To offer some ideas about folders and structure that you may want to steal to use on your own PC. Let’s start with the C: drive itself. Very minimal. All my files are contained within C:\Files. I’ll confine the rest of the case study to this folder: That folder contains the following: Mark: My personal files VC: My business (Virtual Creations, Australia) Others contains files created by friends and family Data contains files from the rest of the world (can be thought of as “public” files, usually downloaded from the Net) Settings is described above in tip #34 The Data folder contains the following sub-folders: Audio: Radio plays, audio books, podcasts, etc Development: Programmer and developer resources, sample source code, etc (see below) Humour: Jokes, funnies (those emails that we all receive) Movies: Downloaded and ripped movies (all legal, of course!), their scripts, DVD covers, etc. Music: (see below) Setups: Installation files for software (explained in full in tip #33) System: (see below) TV: Downloaded TV shows Writings: Books, instruction manuals, etc (see below) The Music folder contains the following sub-folders: Album covers: JPEG scans Guitar tabs: Text files of guitar sheet music Lists: e.g. “Top 1000 songs of all time” Lyrics: Text files MIDI: Electronic music files MP3 (representing 99% of the Music folder): MP3s, either ripped from CDs or downloaded, sorted by artist/album name Music Video: Video clips Sheet Music: usually PDFs The Data\Writings folder contains the following sub-folders: (all pretty self-explanatory) The Data\Development folder contains the following sub-folders: Again, all pretty self-explanatory (if you’re a geek) The Data\System folder contains the following sub-folders: These are usually themes, plug-ins and other downloadable program-specific resources. The Mark folder contains the following sub-folders: From Others: Usually letters that other people (friends, family, etc) have written to me For Others: Letters and other things I have created for other people Green Book: None of your business Playlists: M3U files that I have compiled of my favorite songs (plus one M3U playlist file for every album I own) Writing: Fiction, philosophy and other musings of mine Mark Docs: Shortcut to C:\Users\Mark Settings: Shortcut to C:\Files\Settings\Mark The Others folder contains the following sub-folders: The VC (Virtual Creations, my business – I develop websites) folder contains the following sub-folders: And again, all of those are pretty self-explanatory. Conclusion These tips have saved my sanity and helped keep me a productive geek, but what about you? What tips and tricks do you have to keep your files organized? Please share them with us in the comments. Come on, don’t be shy… Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Fix For When Windows Explorer in Vista Stops Showing File NamesWhy Did Windows Vista’s Music Folder Icon Turn Yellow?Print or Create a Text File List of the Contents in a Directory the Easy WayCustomize the Windows 7 or Vista Send To MenuAdd Copy To / Move To on Windows 7 or Vista Right-Click Menu TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Acronis Online Backup DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows Track Daily Goals With 42Goals Video Toolbox is a Superb Online Video Editor Fun with 47 charts and graphs Tomorrow is Mother’s Day Check the Average Speed of YouTube Videos You’ve Watched OutlookStatView Scans and Displays General Usage Statistics

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Followup: Python 2.6, 3 abstract base class misunderstanding

- by Aaron

I asked a question at Python 2.6, 3 abstract base class misunderstanding. My problem was that python abstract base classes didn't work quite the way I expected them to. There was some discussion in the comments about why I would want to use ABCs at all, and Alex Martelli provided an excellent answer on why my use didn't work and how to accomplish what I wanted. Here I'd like to address why one might want to use ABCs, and show my test code implementation based on Alex's answer. tl;dr: Code after the 16th paragraph. In the discussion on the original post, statements were made along the lines that you don't need ABCs in Python, and that ABCs don't do anything and are therefore not real classes; they're merely interface definitions. An abstract base class is just a tool in your tool box. It's a design tool that's been around for many years, and a programming tool that is explicitly available in many programming languages. It can be implemented manually in languages that don't provide it. An ABC is always a real class, even when it doesn't do anything but define an interface, because specifying the interface is what an ABC does. If that was all an ABC could do, that would be enough reason to have it in your toolbox, but in Python and some other languages they can do more. The basic reason to use an ABC is when you have a number of classes that all do the same thing (have the same interface) but do it differently, and you want to guarantee that that complete interface is implemented in all objects. A user of your classes can rely on the interface being completely implemented in all classes. You can maintain this guarantee manually. Over time you may succeed. Or you might forget something. Before Python had ABCs you could guarantee it semi-manually, by throwing NotImplementedError in all the base class's interface methods; you must implement these methods in derived classes. This is only a partial solution, because you can still instantiate such a base class. A more complete solution is to use ABCs as provided in Python 2.6 and above. Template methods and other wrinkles and patterns are ideas whose implementation can be made easier with full-citizen ABCs. Another idea in the comments was that Python doesn't need ABCs (understood as a class that only defines an interface) because it has multiple inheritance. The implied reference there seems to be Java and its single inheritance. In Java you "get around" single inheritance by inheriting from one or more interfaces. Java uses the word "interface" in two ways. A "Java interface" is a class with method signatures but no implementations. The methods are the interface's "interface" in the more general, non-Java sense of the word. Yes, Python has multiple inheritance, so you don't need Java-like "interfaces" (ABCs) merely to provide sets of interface methods to a class. But that's not the only reason in software development to use ABCs. Most generally, you use an ABC to specify an interface (set of methods) that will likely be implemented differently in different derived classes, yet that all derived classes must have. Additionally, there may be no sensible default implementation for the base class to provide. Finally, even an ABC with almost no interface is still useful. We use something like it when we have multiple except clauses for a try. Many exceptions have exactly the same interface, with only two differences: the exception's string value, and the actual class of the exception. In many exception clauses we use nothing about the exception except its class to decide what to do; catching one type of exception we do one thing, and another except clause catching a different exception does another thing. According to the exception module's doc page, BaseException is not intended to be derived by any user defined exceptions. If ABCs had been a first class Python concept from the beginning, it's easy to imagine BaseException being specified as an ABC. But enough of that. Here's some 2.6 code that demonstrates how to use ABCs, and how to specify a list-like ABC. Examples are run in ipython, which I like much better than the python shell for day to day work; I only wish it was available for python3. Your basic 2.6 ABC: from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod class Super(): __metaclass__ = ABCMeta @abstractmethod def method1(self): pass Test it (in ipython, python shell would be similar): In [2]: a = Super() --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/aaron/projects/test/<ipython console> in <module>() TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Super with abstract methods method1 Notice the end of the last line, where the TypeError exception tells us that method1 has not been implemented ("abstract methods method1"). That was the method designated as @abstractmethod in the preceding code. Create a subclass that inherits Super, implement method1 in the subclass and you're done. My problem, which caused me to ask the original question, was how to specify an ABC that itself defines a list interface. My naive solution was to make an ABC as above, and in the inheritance parentheses say (list). My assumption was that the class would still be abstract (can't instantiate it), and would be a list. That was wrong; inheriting from list made the class concrete, despite the abstract bits in the class definition. Alex suggested inheriting from collections.MutableSequence, which is abstract (and so doesn't make the class concrete) and list-like. I used collections.Sequence, which is also abstract but has a shorter interface and so was quicker to implement. First, Super derived from Sequence, with nothing extra: from abc import abstractmethod from collections import Sequence class Super(Sequence): pass Test it: In [6]: a = Super() --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/aaron/projects/test/<ipython console> in <module>() TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Super with abstract methods __getitem__, __len__ We can't instantiate it. A list-like full-citizen ABC; yea! Again, notice in the last line that TypeError tells us why we can't instantiate it: __getitem__ and __len__ are abstract methods. They come from collections.Sequence. But, I want a bunch of subclasses that all act like immutable lists (which collections.Sequence essentially is), and that have their own implementations of my added interface methods. In particular, I don't want to implement my own list code, Python already did that for me. So first, let's implement the missing Sequence methods, in terms of Python's list type, so that all subclasses act as lists (Sequences). First let's see the signatures of the missing abstract methods: In [12]: help(Sequence.__getitem__) Help on method __getitem__ in module _abcoll: __getitem__(self, index) unbound _abcoll.Sequence method (END) In [14]: help(Sequence.__len__) Help on method __len__ in module _abcoll: __len__(self) unbound _abcoll.Sequence method (END) __getitem__ takes an index, and __len__ takes nothing. And the implementation (so far) is: from abc import abstractmethod from collections import Sequence class Super(Sequence): # Gives us a list member for ABC methods to use. def __init__(self): self._list = [] # Abstract method in Sequence, implemented in terms of list. def __getitem__(self, index): return self._list.__getitem__(index) # Abstract method in Sequence, implemented in terms of list. def __len__(self): return self._list.__len__() # Not required. Makes printing behave like a list. def __repr__(self): return self._list.__repr__() Test it: In [34]: a = Super() In [35]: a Out[35]: [] In [36]: print a [] In [37]: len(a) Out[37]: 0 In [38]: a[0] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- IndexError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/aaron/projects/test/<ipython console> in <module>() /home/aaron/projects/test/test.py in __getitem__(self, index) 10 # Abstract method in Sequence, implemented in terms of list. 11 def __getitem__(self, index): ---> 12 return self._list.__getitem__(index) 13 14 # Abstract method in Sequence, implemented in terms of list. IndexError: list index out of range Just like a list. It's not abstract (for the moment) because we implemented both of Sequence's abstract methods. Now I want to add my bit of interface, which will be abstract in Super and therefore required to implement in any subclasses. And we'll cut to the chase and add subclasses that inherit from our ABC Super. from abc import abstractmethod from collections import Sequence class Super(Sequence): # Gives us a list member for ABC methods to use. def __init__(self): self._list = [] # Abstract method in Sequence, implemented in terms of list. def __getitem__(self, index): return self._list.__getitem__(index) # Abstract method in Sequence, implemented in terms of list. def __len__(self): return self._list.__len__() # Not required. Makes printing behave like a list. def __repr__(self): return self._list.__repr__() @abstractmethod def method1(): pass class Sub0(Super): pass class Sub1(Super): def __init__(self): self._list = [1, 2, 3] def method1(self): return [x**2 for x in self._list] def method2(self): return [x/2.0 for x in self._list] class Sub2(Super): def __init__(self): self._list = [10, 20, 30, 40] def method1(self): return [x+2 for x in self._list] We've added a new abstract method to Super, method1. This makes Super abstract again. A new class Sub0 which inherits from Super but does not implement method1, so it's also an ABC. Two new classes Sub1 and Sub2, which both inherit from Super. They both implement method1 from Super, so they're not abstract. Both implementations of method1 are different. Sub1 and Sub2 also both initialize themselves differently; in real life they might initialize themselves wildly differently. So you have two subclasses which both "is a" Super (they both implement Super's required interface) although their implementations are different. Also remember that Super, although an ABC, provides four non-abstract methods. So Super provides two things to subclasses: an implementation of collections.Sequence, and an additional abstract interface (the one abstract method) that subclasses must implement. Also, class Sub1 implements an additional method, method2, which is not part of Super's interface. Sub1 "is a" Super, but it also has additional capabilities. Test it: In [52]: a = Super() --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/aaron/projects/test/<ipython console> in <module>() TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Super with abstract methods method1 In [53]: a = Sub0() --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/aaron/projects/test/<ipython console> in <module>() TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Sub0 with abstract methods method1 In [54]: a = Sub1() In [55]: a Out[55]: [1, 2, 3] In [56]: b = Sub2() In [57]: b Out[57]: [10, 20, 30, 40] In [58]: print a, b [1, 2, 3] [10, 20, 30, 40] In [59]: a, b Out[59]: ([1, 2, 3], [10, 20, 30, 40]) In [60]: a.method1() Out[60]: [1, 4, 9] In [61]: b.method1() Out[61]: [12, 22, 32, 42] In [62]: a.method2() Out[62]: [0.5, 1.0, 1.5] [63]: a[:2] Out[63]: [1, 2] In [64]: a[0] = 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/aaron/projects/test/<ipython console> in <module>() TypeError: 'Sub1' object does not support item assignment Super and Sub0 are abstract and can't be instantiated (lines 52 and 53). Sub1 and Sub2 are concrete and have an immutable Sequence interface (54 through 59). Sub1 and Sub2 are instantiated differently, and their method1 implementations are different (60, 61). Sub1 includes an additional method2, beyond what's required by Super (62). Any concrete Super acts like a list/Sequence (63). A collections.Sequence is immutable (64). Finally, a wart: In [65]: a._list Out[65]: [1, 2, 3] In [66]: a._list = [] In [67]: a Out[67]: [] Super._list is spelled with a single underscore. Double underscore would have protected it from this last bit, but would have broken the implementation of methods in subclasses. Not sure why; I think because double underscore is private, and private means private. So ultimately this whole scheme relies on a gentleman's agreement not to reach in and muck with Super._list directly, as in line 65 above. Would love to know if there's a safer way to do that.

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Sent Item code in java

- by Farhan Khan

I need urgent help, if any one can resolve my issue it will be very highly appriciated. I have create a SMS composer on jAVA netbians its on urdu language. the probelm is its not saving sent sms on Sent items.. i have tried my best to make the code but failed. Tomorrow is my last day to present the code on university please help me please below is the code that i have made till now. Please any one.... /* * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates * and open the template in the editor. */ package newSms; import javax.microedition.io.Connector; import javax.microedition.midlet.*; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; import javax.wireless.messaging.MessageConnection; import javax.wireless.messaging.TextMessage; import org.netbeans.microedition.util.SimpleCancellableTask; /** * @author AHTISHAM */ public class composeurdu extends MIDlet implements CommandListener, ItemCommandListener, ItemStateListener { private boolean midletPaused = false; private boolean isUrdu; String numb=" "; Alert alert; //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Fields ">//GEN-BEGIN:|fields|0| private Form form; private TextField number; private TextField textUrdu; private StringItem stringItem; private StringItem send; private Command exit; private Command sendMesg; private Command add; private Command urdu; private Command select; private SimpleCancellableTask task; //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|fields|0| MessageConnection clientConn; private Display display; public composeurdu() { display = Display.getDisplay(this); } private void showMessage(){ display=Display.getDisplay(this); //numb=number.getString(); if(number.getString().length()==0 || textUrdu.getString().length()==0){ Alert alert=new Alert("error "); alert.setString(" Enter phone number"); alert.setTimeout(5000); display.setCurrent(alert); } else if(number.getString().length()>11){ Alert alert=new Alert("error "); alert.setString("invalid number"); alert.setTimeout(5000); display.setCurrent(alert); } else{ Alert alert=new Alert("error "); alert.setString("success"); alert.setTimeout(5000); display.setCurrent(alert); } } void showMessage(String message, Displayable displayable) { Alert alert = new Alert(""); alert.setTitle("Error"); alert.setString(message); alert.setType(AlertType.ERROR); alert.setTimeout(5000); display.setCurrent(alert, displayable); } //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Methods ">//GEN-BEGIN:|methods|0| //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|methods|0| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Method: initialize ">//GEN-BEGIN:|0-initialize|0|0-preInitialize /** * Initializes the application. It is called only once when the MIDlet is * started. The method is called before the * <code>startMIDlet</code> method. */ private void initialize() {//GEN-END:|0-initialize|0|0-preInitialize // write pre-initialize user code here //GEN-LINE:|0-initialize|1|0-postInitialize // write post-initialize user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|0-initialize|2| //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|0-initialize|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Method: startMIDlet ">//GEN-BEGIN:|3-startMIDlet|0|3-preAction /** * Performs an action assigned to the Mobile Device - MIDlet Started point. */ public void startMIDlet() {//GEN-END:|3-startMIDlet|0|3-preAction // write pre-action user code here switchDisplayable(null, getForm());//GEN-LINE:|3-startMIDlet|1|3-postAction // write post-action user code here form.setCommandListener(this); form.setItemStateListener(this); }//GEN-BEGIN:|3-startMIDlet|2| //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|3-startMIDlet|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Method: resumeMIDlet ">//GEN-BEGIN:|4-resumeMIDlet|0|4-preAction /** * Performs an action assigned to the Mobile Device - MIDlet Resumed point. */ public void resumeMIDlet() {//GEN-END:|4-resumeMIDlet|0|4-preAction // write pre-action user code here //GEN-LINE:|4-resumeMIDlet|1|4-postAction // write post-action user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|4-resumeMIDlet|2| //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|4-resumeMIDlet|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Method: switchDisplayable ">//GEN-BEGIN:|5-switchDisplayable|0|5-preSwitch /** * Switches a current displayable in a display. The * <code>display</code> instance is taken from * <code>getDisplay</code> method. This method is used by all actions in the * design for switching displayable. * * @param alert the Alert which is temporarily set to the display; if * <code>null</code>, then * <code>nextDisplayable</code> is set immediately * @param nextDisplayable the Displayable to be set */ public void switchDisplayable(Alert alert, Displayable nextDisplayable) {//GEN-END:|5-switchDisplayable|0|5-preSwitch // write pre-switch user code here Display display = getDisplay();//GEN-BEGIN:|5-switchDisplayable|1|5-postSwitch if (alert == null) { display.setCurrent(nextDisplayable); } else { display.setCurrent(alert, nextDisplayable); }//GEN-END:|5-switchDisplayable|1|5-postSwitch // write post-switch user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|5-switchDisplayable|2| //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|5-switchDisplayable|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Method: commandAction for Displayables ">//GEN-BEGIN:|7-commandAction|0|7-preCommandAction /** * Called by a system to indicated that a command has been invoked on a * particular displayable. * * @param command the Command that was invoked * @param displayable the Displayable where the command was invoked */ public void commandAction(Command command, Displayable displayable) {//GEN-END:|7-commandAction|0|7-preCommandAction // write pre-action user code here if (displayable == form) {//GEN-BEGIN:|7-commandAction|1|16-preAction if (command == exit) {//GEN-END:|7-commandAction|1|16-preAction // write pre-action user code here exitMIDlet();//GEN-LINE:|7-commandAction|2|16-postAction // write post-action user code here } else if (command == sendMesg) {//GEN-LINE:|7-commandAction|3|18-preAction // write pre-action user code here String mno=number.getString(); String msg=textUrdu.getString(); if(mno.equals("")) { alert = new Alert("Alert"); alert.setString("Enter Mobile Number!!!"); alert.setTimeout(2000); display.setCurrent(alert); } else { try { clientConn=(MessageConnection)Connector.open("sms://"+mno); } catch(Exception e) { alert = new Alert("Alert"); alert.setString("Unable to connect to Station because of network problem"); alert.setTimeout(2000); display.setCurrent(alert); } try { TextMessage textmessage = (TextMessage) clientConn.newMessage(MessageConnection.TEXT_MESSAGE); textmessage.setAddress("sms://"+mno); textmessage.setPayloadText(msg); clientConn.send(textmessage); } catch(Exception e) { Alert alert=new Alert("Alert","",null,AlertType.INFO); alert.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER); alert.setString("Unable to send"); display.setCurrent(alert); } } //GEN-LINE:|7-commandAction|4|18-postAction // write post-action user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|7-commandAction|5|7-postCommandAction }//GEN-END:|7-commandAction|5|7-postCommandAction // write post-action user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|7-commandAction|6| //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|7-commandAction|6| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Method: commandAction for Items ">//GEN-BEGIN:|8-itemCommandAction|0|8-preItemCommandAction /** * Called by a system to indicated that a command has been invoked on a * particular item. * * @param command the Command that was invoked * @param displayable the Item where the command was invoked */ public void commandAction(Command command, Item item) {//GEN-END:|8-itemCommandAction|0|8-preItemCommandAction // write pre-action user code here if (item == number) {//GEN-BEGIN:|8-itemCommandAction|1|21-preAction if (command == add) {//GEN-END:|8-itemCommandAction|1|21-preAction // write pre-action user code here //GEN-LINE:|8-itemCommandAction|2|21-postAction // write post-action user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|8-itemCommandAction|3|28-preAction } else if (item == send) { if (command == select) {//GEN-END:|8-itemCommandAction|3|28-preAction // write pre-action user code here //GEN-LINE:|8-itemCommandAction|4|28-postAction // write post-action user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|8-itemCommandAction|5|24-preAction } else if (item == textUrdu) { if (command == urdu) {//GEN-END:|8-itemCommandAction|5|24-preAction // write pre-action user code here if (isUrdu) isUrdu = false; else { isUrdu = true; TextField tf = (TextField)item; } //GEN-LINE:|8-itemCommandAction|6|24-postAction // write post-action user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|8-itemCommandAction|7|8-postItemCommandAction }//GEN-END:|8-itemCommandAction|7|8-postItemCommandAction // write post-action user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|8-itemCommandAction|8| //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|8-itemCommandAction|8| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: form ">//GEN-BEGIN:|14-getter|0|14-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of form component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public Form getForm() { if (form == null) {//GEN-END:|14-getter|0|14-preInit // write pre-init user code here form = new Form("form", new Item[]{getNumber(), getTextUrdu(), getStringItem(), getSend()});//GEN-BEGIN:|14-getter|1|14-postInit form.addCommand(getExit()); form.addCommand(getSendMesg()); form.setCommandListener(this);//GEN-END:|14-getter|1|14-postInit // write post-init user code here form.setItemStateListener(this); // form.setCommandListener(this); }//GEN-BEGIN:|14-getter|2| return form; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|14-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: number ">//GEN-BEGIN:|19-getter|0|19-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of number component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public TextField getNumber() { if (number == null) {//GEN-END:|19-getter|0|19-preInit // write pre-init user code here number = new TextField("Number ", null, 11, TextField.PHONENUMBER);//GEN-BEGIN:|19-getter|1|19-postInit number.addCommand(getAdd()); number.setItemCommandListener(this); number.setDefaultCommand(getAdd());//GEN-END:|19-getter|1|19-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|19-getter|2| return number; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|19-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: textUrdu ">//GEN-BEGIN:|22-getter|0|22-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of textUrdu component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public TextField getTextUrdu() { if (textUrdu == null) {//GEN-END:|22-getter|0|22-preInit // write pre-init user code here textUrdu = new TextField("Message", null, 2000, TextField.ANY);//GEN-BEGIN:|22-getter|1|22-postInit textUrdu.addCommand(getUrdu()); textUrdu.setItemCommandListener(this);//GEN-END:|22-getter|1|22-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|22-getter|2| return textUrdu; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|22-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: exit ">//GEN-BEGIN:|15-getter|0|15-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of exit component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public Command getExit() { if (exit == null) {//GEN-END:|15-getter|0|15-preInit // write pre-init user code here exit = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 0);//GEN-LINE:|15-getter|1|15-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|15-getter|2| return exit; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|15-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: sendMesg ">//GEN-BEGIN:|17-getter|0|17-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of sendMesg component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public Command getSendMesg() { if (sendMesg == null) {//GEN-END:|17-getter|0|17-preInit // write pre-init user code here sendMesg = new Command("send", Command.OK, 0);//GEN-LINE:|17-getter|1|17-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|17-getter|2| return sendMesg; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|17-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: add ">//GEN-BEGIN:|20-getter|0|20-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of add component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public Command getAdd() { if (add == null) {//GEN-END:|20-getter|0|20-preInit // write pre-init user code here add = new Command("add", Command.OK, 0);//GEN-LINE:|20-getter|1|20-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|20-getter|2| return add; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|20-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: urdu ">//GEN-BEGIN:|23-getter|0|23-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of urdu component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public Command getUrdu() { if (urdu == null) {//GEN-END:|23-getter|0|23-preInit // write pre-init user code here urdu = new Command("urdu", Command.OK, 0);//GEN-LINE:|23-getter|1|23-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|23-getter|2| return urdu; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|23-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: stringItem ">//GEN-BEGIN:|25-getter|0|25-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of stringItem component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public StringItem getStringItem() { if (stringItem == null) {//GEN-END:|25-getter|0|25-preInit // write pre-init user code here stringItem = new StringItem("string", null);//GEN-LINE:|25-getter|1|25-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|25-getter|2| return stringItem; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|25-getter|2| //</editor-fold> //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: send ">//GEN-BEGIN:|26-getter|0|26-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of send component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public StringItem getSend() { if (send == null) {//GEN-END:|26-getter|0|26-preInit // write pre-init user code here send = new StringItem("", "send", Item.BUTTON);//GEN-BEGIN:|26-getter|1|26-postInit send.addCommand(getSelect()); send.setItemCommandListener(this); send.setDefaultCommand(getSelect());//GEN-END:|26-getter|1|26-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|26-getter|2| return send; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|26-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: select ">//GEN-BEGIN:|27-getter|0|27-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of select component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public Command getSelect() { if (select == null) {//GEN-END:|27-getter|0|27-preInit // write pre-init user code here select = new Command("select", Command.OK, 0);//GEN-LINE:|27-getter|1|27-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|27-getter|2| return select; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|27-getter|2| //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Generated Getter: task ">//GEN-BEGIN:|40-getter|0|40-preInit /** * Returns an initialized instance of task component. * * @return the initialized component instance */ public SimpleCancellableTask getTask() { if (task == null) {//GEN-END:|40-getter|0|40-preInit // write pre-init user code here task = new SimpleCancellableTask();//GEN-BEGIN:|40-getter|1|40-execute task.setExecutable(new org.netbeans.microedition.util.Executable() { public void execute() throws Exception {//GEN-END:|40-getter|1|40-execute // write task-execution user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|40-getter|2|40-postInit });//GEN-END:|40-getter|2|40-postInit // write post-init user code here }//GEN-BEGIN:|40-getter|3| return task; } //</editor-fold>//GEN-END:|40-getter|3| /** * Returns a display instance. * @return the display instance. */ public Display getDisplay () { return Display.getDisplay(this); } /** * Exits MIDlet. */ public void exitMIDlet() { switchDisplayable (null, null); destroyApp(true); notifyDestroyed(); } /** * Called when MIDlet is started. * Checks whether the MIDlet have been already started and initialize/starts or resumes the MIDlet. */ public void startApp() { startMIDlet(); display.setCurrent(form); } /** * Called when MIDlet is paused. */ public void pauseApp() { midletPaused = true; } /** * Called to signal the MIDlet to terminate. * @param unconditional if true, then the MIDlet has to be unconditionally terminated and all resources has to be released. */ public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) { } public void itemStateChanged(Item item) { if (item == textUrdu) { if (isUrdu) { stringItem.setText("urdu"); TextField tf = (TextField)item; String s = tf.getString(); char ch = s.charAt(s.length() - 1); s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1); ch = Urdu.ToUrdu(ch); s = s + String.valueOf(ch); tf.setString(""); tf.setString(s); }//end if throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); } } }

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.NET Winform AJAX Login Services

- by AdamSane

I am working on a Windows Form that connects to a ASP.NET membership database and I am trying to use the AJAX Login Service. No matter what I do I keep on getting 404 errors on the Authentication_JSON_AppService.axd call. Web Config Below <?xml version="1.0"?>  <configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="scriptResourceHandler" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingScriptResourceHandlerSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="jsonSerialization" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingJsonSerializationSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="Everywhere"/> <section name="profileService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingProfileServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="authenticationService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingAuthenticationServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="roleService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingRoleServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <connectionStrings  /> <appSettings/> <system.web>  <compilation debug="true"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Core, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add assembly="System.Xml.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Data.DataSetExtensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Data.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> </assemblies> </compilation> <membership defaultProvider="dbSqlMembershipProvider"> <providers> <add name="dbSqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" connectionStringName="Fire.Common.Properties.Settings.dbFireConnectionString" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="true" applicationName="/" requiresUniqueEmail="false" passwordFormat="Hashed" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="7" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="1" passwordAttemptWindow="10" passwordStrengthRegularExpression=""/> </providers> </membership> <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="dbSqlRoleProvider"> <providers> <add connectionStringName="Fire.Common.Properties.Settings.dbFireConnectionString" applicationName="/" name="dbSqlRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/> </providers> </roleManager> <authentication mode="Forms"> <forms loginUrl="Login.aspx" cookieless="UseCookies" protection="All" timeout="30" requireSSL="false" slidingExpiration="true" defaultUrl="default.aspx" enableCrossAppRedirects="false"/> </authentication> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> <customErrors mode="Off"> </customErrors> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.WebControls" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </controls> </pages> <httpHandlers> <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx"/> <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </httpHandlers> <httpModules> <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </httpModules> </system.web> <location path="~/Admin"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="Admin"/> <allow roles="System"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Admin/System"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="System"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Export"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="Export"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Field"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="Field"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Default.aspx"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="Admin"/> <allow roles="System"/> <allow roles="Export"/> <allow roles="Field"/> <deny users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Login.aspx"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/App_Themes"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Includes"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/WebServices"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Authentication_JSON_AppService.axd"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <system.codedom> <compilers> <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider,System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" warningLevel="4"> <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5"/> <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false"/> </compiler> <compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.VisualBasic.VBCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" warningLevel="4"> <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5"/> <providerOption name="OptionInfer" value="true"/> <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false"/> </compiler> </compilers> </system.codedom>  <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/> <modules> <remove name="ScriptModule"/> <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="managedHandler" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </modules> <handlers> <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated"/> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactory"/> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices"/> <remove name="ScriptResource"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptResource" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </handlers> </system.webServer> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions.Design" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> </configuration>

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URGENT: IE 6/7/8 problem!- Right Column is not aligned and is pushed down.

- by Kalpesh Vasta

Hi Guys, I'm new to this but here goes. I have been developing this website http://www.panelmaster.co.uk and i have managed to solve the majority of design problems but one! If you take a look at the site in IE the right column seems to drop down and is not aligned with the right and centre column. This problem only occurs in IE as upon testing i found it was fine in firefox and safari. I have provided below the CSS for the website. I would appreciate if you guys can help me with the problem asap. Thanks in advance. :) ========================== body { margin: 0; padding: 0; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #666; background-image: url(images/templatemo_body_top.jpg); background-color: #90857c; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: top; text-align: left; } a:link, a:visited { color: #073475; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal; } a:active, a:hover { color: #073475; text-decoration: underline; } h3 { color: #1e7da9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } h2 { color: #1e7da9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } h1 { color: #696969; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; } p { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; } img { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; } .cleaner { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 0px; font-size: 0px; } .cleaner_h30 { clear: both; width:100%; height: 30px; } .cleaner_h40 { clear: both; width:100%; height: 40px; } .float_l { float: left; } .float_r { float: right; } .margin_r20 { margin-right: 20px; } templatemo_body_wrapper { width: 100%; background: url(images/templatemo_body_bottom.png) repeat-x bottom center; } templatemo_wrapper { width: 970px; padding: 0 10px; margin: 0 auto; background: url(images/templatemo_wrapper_top.jpg) no-repeat top center; } /* header */ templatemo_header { clear: both; width: 890px; height: 60px; padding: 20px 40px } templatemo_header #site_title { float: left; padding-top: 15px; } site_title a { font-size: 24px; color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } site_title a:hover { font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } site_title a span { display: block; margin-top: 5px; font-size: 14px; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2px; } /* end of header */ /* menu */ templatemo_menu { clear: both; width: 970px; height: 80px; background: url(images/templatemo_menubar.png) no-repeat; } search_box { width: 990px; height: 35px; text-align: right; } search_box form { margin: 0; padding: 5px 40px; } search_box #input_field { height: 20px; width: 300px; color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; background: #FFFFFF; } search_box #submit_btn { height: 24px; width: 100px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: pre; outline: none; color:#666666; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; background: #FFFFFF; } templatemo_menu ul { width: 890px; height: 35px; margin: 0; padding: 7px 40px; list-style: none; } templatemo_menu ul li { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; } templatemo_menu ul li a { float: left; display: block; margin-right: 40px; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; font-weight: normal; outline: none; } templatemo_menu ul li a:hover, #templatemo_menu ul .current { color: #162127; } /* end of menu */ /* contetnt */ templatemo_content_wrapper { clear: both; padding: 0px 0; } templatemo_content { float: left; margin-left: 10px; width: 550px; } banner { margin: 0 0 10px 0; } templatemo_content #content_top { width: 550px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_top.png) no-repeat; } templatemo_content #content_bottom { width: 550px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_bottom.png) no-repeat; } templatemo_content #content_middle { width: 510px; padding: 5px 20px 0px 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_middle.png) repeat-y; } content_middle p { text-align: justify; } .templatemo_sidebar_wrapper { width: 200px; } .templatemo_sidebar { width: 197px; padding-right: 3px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_middle.png) repeat-y; } .templatemo_sidebar_top { width: 200px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_top.png) no-repeat; } .templatemo_sidebar_bottom { width: 200px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_bottom.png) no-repeat; } .templatemo_sidebar .sidebar_box { clear: both; padding-bottom: 20px; } .sidebar_box1 { padding: 15px; } .sidebar_box h2 { color: #2d84ad; font-size: 16px; padding-left: 25px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_h1.jpg) left center no-repeat; } .sidebar_box .sidebar_box_content { padding: 15px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_box_top.png) top repeat-x; } .sidebar_box img { border: 1px solid #999; margin-bottom: 5px; } .sidebar_box .discount { margin: 5px 0 0 0; font-weight: bold; } .sidebar_box .discount span { color: #C00; } .left_sidebar_box .discount a { font-weight: bold; color: #000; } .sidebar_box .categories_list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .categories_list li { padding: 0; margin: 0; } .categories_list li a { display: block; color: #201f1c; padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; background: url(images/list.png) center left no-repeat; } .categories_list li a:hover { color: #439ac3; text-decoration: none; } .news_box { clear: both; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid #999; } .news_box h4 { padding: 2px 0; margin: 0; } .news_box h4 a { font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; color: #1893f2; } newsletter_box label { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; } newsletter_box .input_field { height: 20px; width: 155px; padding: 0 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; } newsletter_box .submit_btn { float: right; height: 30px; width: 80px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 0 15px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: pre; outline: none; } .product_box { float: left; width: 223px; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #CCC; text-align: center; } .product_box img { margin-bottom: 10px; } .product_box h3 { color: #2a2522; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 10px; } .product_box p { margin-bottom: 10px; } .product_box p span { color: #cf5902; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; } .product_box .detail { float: right; } .product_box .addtocard { float: left; font-weight: bold; padding-right: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_shopping_cart.png) bottom right no-repeat; } /* end of content */ /* footer */ templatemo_footer_wrapper { background: url(images/templatemo_footer.png) repeat-x; } templatemo_footer { width: 910px; height: 85px; padding: 50px 40px 30px 40px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; color: #a9a098; } templatemo_footer a { color: #d7d1cc; font-weight: normal; } templatemo_footer a:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #FFFF33; } templatemo_footer .footer_menu { margin: 0 0 30px 0; padding: 0px; list-style: none; } .footer_menu li { margin: 0px; padding: 0 20px; display: inline; border-right: 1px solid #d7d1cc; } .footer_menu li a { color: #d7d1cc; } .footer_menu .last_menu { border: none; } /* end of footer */ /twitter/ twitter_div {border-top: 0px;} twitter_div a {color: #0000ff !important;} twitter_update_list {margin-left: -1em !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;} twitter_update_list li {list-style-type: none; padding-right: 5px; } twitter_update_list li a {color: #0000ff; padding-right: 5px;} twitter_div {border-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top:6px; padding-right: 5px;} twitter_div a, #twitter_update_list li a {text-decoration: none !important;} twitter_div a:hover, #twitter_update_list li a:hover {text-decoration:underline !important;}

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Right Hand Column Does Not Align Properly in IE6/7/8

- by Kalpesh Vasta

Hi Guys, I'm new to this but here goes. I have been developing this website http://www.panelmaster.co.uk and i have managed to solve the majority of design problems but one! If you take a look at the site in IE the right column seems to drop down and is not aligned with the right and centre column. This problem only occurs in IE as upon testing i found it was fine in firefox and safari. I have provided below the CSS for the website. I would appreciate if you guys can help me with the problem. Thanks in advance. :) ========================== body { margin: 0; padding: 0; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #666; background-image: url(images/templatemo_body_top.jpg); background-color: #90857c; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: top; text-align: left; } a:link, a:visited { color: #073475; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal; } a:active, a:hover { color: #073475; text-decoration: underline; } h3 { color: #1e7da9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } h2 { color: #1e7da9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } h1 { color: #696969; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; } p { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; } img { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; } .cleaner { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 0px; font-size: 0px; } .cleaner_h30 { clear: both; width:100%; height: 30px; } .cleaner_h40 { clear: both; width:100%; height: 40px; } .float_l { float: left; } .float_r { float: right; } .margin_r20 { margin-right: 20px; } #templatemo_body_wrapper { width: 100%; background: url(images/templatemo_body_bottom.png) repeat-x bottom center; } #templatemo_wrapper { width: 970px; padding: 0 10px; margin: 0 auto; background: url(images/templatemo_wrapper_top.jpg) no-repeat top center; } /* header */ #templatemo_header { clear: both; width: 890px; height: 60px; padding: 20px 40px } #templatemo_header #site_title { float: left; padding-top: 15px; } #site_title a { font-size: 24px; color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } #site_title a:hover { font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } #site_title a span { display: block; margin-top: 5px; font-size: 14px; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2px; } /* end of header */ /* menu */ #templatemo_menu { clear: both; width: 970px; height: 80px; background: url(images/templatemo_menubar.png) no-repeat; } #search_box { width: 990px; height: 35px; text-align: right; } #search_box form { margin: 0; padding: 5px 40px; } #search_box #input_field { height: 20px; width: 300px; color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; background: #FFFFFF; } #search_box #submit_btn { height: 24px; width: 100px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: pre; outline: none; color:#666666; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; background: #FFFFFF; } #templatemo_menu ul { width: 890px; height: 35px; margin: 0; padding: 7px 40px; list-style: none; } #templatemo_menu ul li { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; } #templatemo_menu ul li a { float: left; display: block; margin-right: 40px; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; font-weight: normal; outline: none; } #templatemo_menu ul li a:hover, #templatemo_menu ul .current { color: #162127; } /* end of menu */ /* contetnt */ #templatemo_content_wrapper { clear: both; padding: 0px 0; } #templatemo_content { float: left; margin-left: 10px; width: 550px; } #banner { margin: 0 0 10px 0; } #templatemo_content #content_top { width: 550px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_top.png) no-repeat; } #templatemo_content #content_bottom { width: 550px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_bottom.png) no-repeat; } #templatemo_content #content_middle { width: 510px; padding: 5px 20px 0px 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_middle.png) repeat-y; } #content_middle p { text-align: justify; } .templatemo_sidebar_wrapper { width: 200px; } .templatemo_sidebar { width: 197px; padding-right: 3px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_middle.png) repeat-y; } .templatemo_sidebar_top { width: 200px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_top.png) no-repeat; } .templatemo_sidebar_bottom { width: 200px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_bottom.png) no-repeat; } .templatemo_sidebar .sidebar_box { clear: both; padding-bottom: 20px; } .sidebar_box1 { padding: 15px; } .sidebar_box h2 { color: #2d84ad; font-size: 16px; padding-left: 25px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_h1.jpg) left center no-repeat; } .sidebar_box .sidebar_box_content { padding: 15px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_box_top.png) top repeat-x; } .sidebar_box img { border: 1px solid #999; margin-bottom: 5px; } .sidebar_box .discount { margin: 5px 0 0 0; font-weight: bold; } .sidebar_box .discount span { color: #C00; } .left_sidebar_box .discount a { font-weight: bold; color: #000; } .sidebar_box .categories_list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .categories_list li { padding: 0; margin: 0; } .categories_list li a { display: block; color: #201f1c; padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; background: url(images/list.png) center left no-repeat; } .categories_list li a:hover { color: #439ac3; text-decoration: none; } .news_box { clear: both; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid #999; } .news_box h4 { padding: 2px 0; margin: 0; } .news_box h4 a { font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; color: #1893f2; } #newsletter_box label { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; } #newsletter_box .input_field { height: 20px; width: 155px; padding: 0 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; } #newsletter_box .submit_btn { float: right; height: 30px; width: 80px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 0 15px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: pre; outline: none; } .product_box { float: left; width: 223px; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #CCC; text-align: center; } .product_box img { margin-bottom: 10px; } .product_box h3 { color: #2a2522; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 10px; } .product_box p { margin-bottom: 10px; } .product_box p span { color: #cf5902; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; } .product_box .detail { float: right; } .product_box .addtocard { float: left; font-weight: bold; padding-right: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_shopping_cart.png) bottom right no-repeat; } /* end of content */ /* footer */ #templatemo_footer_wrapper { background: url(images/templatemo_footer.png) repeat-x; } #templatemo_footer { width: 910px; height: 85px; padding: 50px 40px 30px 40px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; color: #a9a098; } #templatemo_footer a { color: #d7d1cc; font-weight: normal; } #templatemo_footer a:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #FFFF33; } #templatemo_footer .footer_menu { margin: 0 0 30px 0; padding: 0px; list-style: none; } .footer_menu li { margin: 0px; padding: 0 20px; display: inline; border-right: 1px solid #d7d1cc; } .footer_menu li a { color: #d7d1cc; } .footer_menu .last_menu { border: none; } /* end of footer */ /*twitter*/ #twitter_div {border-top: 0px;} #twitter_div a {color: #0000ff !important;} #twitter_update_list {margin-left: -1em !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;} #twitter_update_list li {list-style-type: none; padding-right: 5px; } #twitter_update_list li a {color: #0000ff; padding-right: 5px;} #twitter_div {border-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top:6px; padding-right: 5px;} #twitter_div a, #twitter_update_list li a {text-decoration: none !important;} #twitter_div a:hover, #twitter_update_list li a:hover {text-decoration:underline !important;}

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Twitter Bootstrap styling conflicts with plug-ins like jqGrid and other third part libraries

- by Renso

Issues:The concern is that the Twitter Bootstrap framework is that some of their css selectors are simply too generic and have incompatibility issues and conflicts with most third party plug-ins and css libraries, like jQuery-UI and jqGrid.My most pressing concern is only with the generic selector for the styling of "INPUT" controls.Some concerns:So basically anyone using BS (Bootstrap) will have to override styling 100% of the time on all input controls on all their web pages for all the plug-ins they use that render their own styling for input controls. This seems to chisel away any reason for using Bootstrap. Overriding Bootstrap css in this case seems illogical at best as it implies the BS styling is not correct or as granular as it is supposed to be. It also suggests you realize there is an issue here. Any person who has written a fair amount of css will realize that it is a mammoth task to to take an existing app, converting it to BS and then having to find all non-BS input controls and styling them all. The worst part is that there is no generic styling for this as each input control has a different source/context, some are regular tags and some belong to plug-ins, each with their own flavor of styling. For new web apps the challenge is not that different, each time you add a new plug-in you will have to test all facets of it, and I mean all of it, pop-ups, etc, that contain any kind of input control to make sure it is styled correctly. I am having a hard time seeing the benefits of BS in this context. So until the BS team addresses the issue, or not, you may be wondering what is the easiest solution.Help the community to drive this issue home by creating a new issue on github, see my entry here: https://github.com/twitter/bootstrap/issues/4008. As you can see I got some good and some negative feedback, but we all agree it is an issue. I do believe my solution below should be reverse compatible if the proper class declarations were followed as recommended by Bootstrap.The solution:Add a higher-level qualifier to the input selector, which may not break anything. Add "control-group" and "controls" classes as higher-level selectors, as they have to be declared inside those classes anyway as far as I understand the design approach of BS. So in my example below can modify the css without possible breaking anything, see the css at the bottom. I tested this briefly and seems to render just as expected. May not be complete as I only spent a few minutes on the css. Your feedback will be greatly appreciated. <div class="control-group"> <label title="" for="Contact_FirstName" class="control-label">First Name</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" value="" name="Contact.FirstName" id="Contact_FirstName" data-val-required="The Reader Contact&#39;s First Name is required" data-val-length-min="2" data-val-length-max="250" data-val-length="The maximum length allowed for the Reader Contact&#39;s First Name is 250 characters and must be two or more characters long" data-val="true" class="input-medium"> <span data-valmsg-replace="true" data-valmsg-for="Contact.FirstName" class="field-validation-valid"></span> </div></div>Here are the SCSS (SASS) updates. In stead of just including the updates I decided to include the entire bootstrap SCSS file so you can just copy-and-paste it in stead of trying to figure out what selectors have changed./*! * Bootstrap v2.0.4 * Enhacement by Renso Hollhumer * Copyright 2012 Twitter, Inc * Licensed under the Apache License v2.0 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Designed and built with all the love in the world @twitter by @mdo and @fat. * Enhancement by Renso Hollhumer: To isolate styling of INPUT tags to the Bootstrap context only */.clearfix { *zoom: 1;}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after { display: table; content: "";}.clearfix:after { clear: both;}.hide-text { font: 0/0 a; color: transparent; text-shadow: none; background-color: transparent; border: 0;}.input-block-level { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box;}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,nav,section { display: block;}audio,canvas,video { display: inline-block; *display: inline; *zoom: 1;}audio:not([controls]) { display: none;}html { font-size: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;}a:focus { outline: thin dotted #333; outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color; outline-offset: -2px;}a:hover,a:active { outline: 0;}sub,sup { position: relative; font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline;}sup { top: -0.5em;}sub { bottom: -0.25em;}img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; border: 0; -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;}#map_canvas img { max-width: none;}button,input,select,textarea { margin: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: middle;}button,input { *overflow: visible; line-height: normal;}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner { padding: 0; border: 0;}button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"] { cursor: pointer; -webkit-appearance: button;}input[type="search"] { -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; -moz-box-sizing: content-box; box-sizing: content-box; -webkit-appearance: textfield;}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button { -webkit-appearance: none;}textarea { overflow: auto; vertical-align: top;}body { margin: 0; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;}a { color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;}a:hover { color: #005580; text-decoration: underline;}.row { margin-left: -20px; *zoom: 1;}.row:before,.row:after { display: table; content: "";}.row:after { clear: both;}[class*="span"] { float: left; margin-left: 20px;}.container,.navbar-fixed-top .container,.navbar-fixed-bottom .container { width: 940px;}.span12 { width: 940px;}.span11 { width: 860px;}.span10 { width: 780px;}.span9 { width: 700px;}.span8 { width: 620px;}.span7 { width: 540px;}.span6 { width: 460px;}.span5 { width: 380px;}.span4 { width: 300px;}.span3 { width: 220px;}.span2 { width: 140px;}.span1 { width: 60px;}.offset12 { margin-left: 980px;}.offset11 { margin-left: 900px;}.offset10 { margin-left: 820px;}.offset9 { margin-left: 740px;}.offset8 { margin-left: 660px;}.offset7 { margin-left: 580px;}.offset6 { margin-left: 500px;}.offset5 { margin-left: 420px;}.offset4 { margin-left: 340px;}.offset3 { margin-left: 260px;}.offset2 { margin-left: 180px;}.offset1 { margin-left: 100px;}.row-fluid { width: 100%; *zoom: 1;}.row-fluid:before,.row-fluid:after { display: table; content: "";}.row-fluid:after { clear: both;}.row-fluid [class*="span"] { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin-left: 2.127659574%; *margin-left: 2.0744680846382977%;}.row-fluid [class*="span"]:first-child { margin-left: 0;}.row-fluid .span12 { width: 99.99999998999999%; *width: 99.94680850063828%;}.row-fluid .span11 { width: 91.489361693%; *width: 91.4361702036383%;}.row-fluid .span10 { width: 82.97872339599999%; *width: 82.92553190663828%;}.row-fluid .span9 { width: 74.468085099%; *width: 74.4148936096383%;}.row-fluid .span8 { width: 65.95744680199999%; *width: 65.90425531263828%;}.row-fluid .span7 { width: 57.446808505%; *width: 57.3936170156383%;}.row-fluid .span6 { width: 48.93617020799999%; *width: 48.88297871863829%;}.row-fluid .span5 { width: 40.425531911%; *width: 40.3723404216383%;}.row-fluid .span4 { width: 31.914893614%; *width: 31.8617021246383%;}.row-fluid .span3 { width: 23.404255317%; *width: 23.3510638276383%;}.row-fluid .span2 { width: 14.89361702%; *width: 14.8404255306383%;}.row-fluid .span1 { width: 6.382978723%; *width: 6.329787233638298%;}.container { margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; *zoom: 1;}.container:before,.container:after { display: table; content: "";}.container:after { clear: both;}.container-fluid { padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; *zoom: 1;}.container-fluid:before,.container-fluid:after { display: table; content: "";}.container-fluid:after { clear: both;}p { margin: 0 0 9px;}p small { font-size: 11px; color: #999999;}.lead { margin-bottom: 18px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 200; line-height: 27px;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { margin: 0; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; color: inherit; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;}h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small { font-weight: normal; color: #999999;}h1 { font-size: 30px; line-height: 36px;}h1 small { font-size: 18px;}h2 { font-size: 24px; 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left: 0; margin-top: -5px; border-top: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 5px solid #000000;}.popover.bottom .arrow { top: 0; left: 50%; margin-left: -5px; border-left: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid #000000;}.popover.left .arrow { top: 50%; right: 0; margin-top: -5px; border-top: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent; border-left: 5px solid #000000;}.popover .arrow { position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0;}.popover-inner { padding: 3px; width: 280px; overflow: hidden; background: #000000; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); -webkit-border-radius: 6px; -moz-border-radius: 6px; border-radius: 6px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); -moz-box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);}.popover-title { padding: 9px 15px; line-height: 1; background-color: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; -webkit-border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0; -moz-border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;}.popover-content { padding: 14px; background-color: #ffffff; -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; -moz-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; -webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -moz-background-clip: padding-box; background-clip: padding-box;}.popover-content p,.popover-content ul,.popover-content ol { margin-bottom: 0;}.modal-open .dropdown-menu { z-index: 2050;}.modal-open .dropdown.open { *z-index: 2050;}.modal-open .popover { z-index: 2060;}.modal-open .tooltip { z-index: 2070;}.modal-backdrop { position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; z-index: 1040; background-color: #000000;}.modal-backdrop.fade { opacity: 0;}.modal-backdrop,.modal-backdrop.fade.in { opacity: 0.8; filter: alpha(opacity=80);}.modal { position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%; z-index: 1050; overflow: auto; width: 560px; margin: -250px 0 0 -280px; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #999; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); *border: 1px solid #999; /* IE6-7 */ -webkit-border-radius: 6px; -moz-border-radius: 6px; border-radius: 6px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); -moz-box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); -webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -moz-background-clip: padding-box; background-clip: padding-box;}.modal.fade { -webkit-transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out; -moz-transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out; -ms-transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out; -o-transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out; transition: opacity .3s linear, top .3s ease-out; top: -25%;}.modal.fade.in { top: 50%;}.modal-header { padding: 9px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;}.modal-header .close { margin-top: 2px;}.modal-body { overflow-y: auto; max-height: 400px; padding: 15px;}.modal-form { margin-bottom: 0;}.modal-footer { padding: 14px 15px 15px; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: right; background-color: #f5f5f5; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px; -moz-border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px; border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 #ffffff; -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 #ffffff; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 #ffffff; *zoom: 1;}.modal-footer:before,.modal-footer:after { display: table; content: "";}.modal-footer:after { clear: both;}.modal-footer .btn + .btn { margin-left: 5px; margin-bottom: 0;}.modal-footer .btn-group .btn + .btn { margin-left: -1px;}.dropup,.dropdown { position: relative;}.dropdown-toggle { *margin-bottom: -3px;}.dropdown-toggle:active,.open .dropdown-toggle { outline: 0;}.caret { display: inline-block; width: 0; height: 0; vertical-align: top; border-top: 4px solid #000000; border-right: 4px solid transparent; border-left: 4px solid transparent; content: ""; opacity: 0.3; filter: alpha(opacity=30);}.dropdown .caret { margin-top: 8px; margin-left: 2px;}.dropdown:hover .caret,.open .caret { opacity: 1; filter: alpha(opacity=100);}.dropdown-menu { position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; z-index: 1000; display: none; float: left; min-width: 160px; padding: 4px 0; margin: 1px 0 0; list-style: none; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ccc; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); *border-right-width: 2px; *border-bottom-width: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); -webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -moz-background-clip: padding; background-clip: padding-box;}.dropdown-menu.pull-right { right: 0; left: auto;}.dropdown-menu .divider { *width: 100%; height: 1px; margin: 8px 1px; *margin: -5px 0 5px; overflow: hidden; background-color: #e5e5e5; border-bottom: 1px solid #ffffff;}.dropdown-menu a { display: block; padding: 3px 15px; clear: both; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; color: #333333; white-space: nowrap;}.dropdown-menu li > a:hover,.dropdown-menu .active > a,.dropdown-menu .active > a:hover { color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; background-color: #0088cc;}.open { *z-index: 1000;}.open > .dropdown-menu { display: block;}.pull-right > .dropdown-menu { right: 0; left: auto;}.dropup .caret,.navbar-fixed-bottom .dropdown .caret { border-top: 0; border-bottom: 4px solid #000000; content: "\2191";}.dropup .dropdown-menu,.navbar-fixed-bottom .dropdown .dropdown-menu { top: auto; bottom: 100%; margin-bottom: 1px;}.typeahead { margin-top: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px;}.accordion { margin-bottom: 18px;}.accordion-group { margin-bottom: 2px; border: 1px solid #e5e5e5; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px;}.accordion-heading { border-bottom: 0;}.accordion-heading .accordion-toggle { display: block; padding: 8px 15px;}.accordion-toggle { cursor: pointer;}.accordion-inner { padding: 9px 15px; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5;}.carousel { position: relative; margin-bottom: 18px; line-height: 1;}.carousel-inner { overflow: hidden; width: 100%; position: relative;}.carousel .item { display: none; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.6s ease-in-out left; -moz-transition: 0.6s ease-in-out left; -ms-transition: 0.6s ease-in-out left; -o-transition: 0.6s ease-in-out left; transition: 0.6s ease-in-out left;}.carousel .item > img { display: block; line-height: 1;}.carousel .active,.carousel .next,.carousel .prev { display: block;}.carousel .active { left: 0;}.carousel .next,.carousel .prev { position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%;}.carousel .next { left: 100%;}.carousel .prev { left: -100%;}.carousel .next.left,.carousel .prev.right { left: 0;}.carousel .active.left { left: -100%;}.carousel .active.right { left: 100%;}.carousel-control { position: absolute; top: 40%; left: 15px; width: 40px; height: 40px; margin-top: -20px; font-size: 60px; font-weight: 100; line-height: 30px; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; background: #222222; border: 3px solid #ffffff; -webkit-border-radius: 23px; -moz-border-radius: 23px; border-radius: 23px; opacity: 0.5; filter: alpha(opacity=50);}.carousel-control.right { left: auto; right: 15px;}.carousel-control:hover { color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; opacity: 0.9; filter: alpha(opacity=90);}.carousel-caption { position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; padding: 10px 15px 5px; background: #333333; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);}.carousel-caption h4,.carousel-caption p { color: #ffffff;}.well { min-height: 20px; padding: 19px; margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #eee; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); -webkit-border-radius: 4px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);}.well blockquote { border-color: #ddd; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);}.well-large { padding: 24px; -webkit-border-radius: 6px; -moz-border-radius: 6px; border-radius: 6px;}.well-small { padding: 9px; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; -moz-border-radius: 3px; border-radius: 3px;}.close { float: right; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px; color: #000000; text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #ffffff; opacity: 0.2; filter: alpha(opacity=20);}.close:hover { color: #000000; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; opacity: 0.4; filter: alpha(opacity=40);}button.close { padding: 0; cursor: pointer; background: transparent; border: 0; -webkit-appearance: none;}.pull-right { float: right;}.pull-left { float: left;}.hide { display: none;}.show { display: block;}.invisible { visibility: hidden;}.fade { opacity: 0; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.15s linear; -moz-transition: opacity 0.15s linear; -ms-transition: opacity 0.15s linear; -o-transition: opacity 0.15s linear; transition: opacity 0.15s linear;}.fade.in { opacity: 1;}.collapse { position: relative; height: 0; overflow: hidden; -webkit-transition: height 0.35s ease; -moz-transition: height 0.35s ease; -ms-transition: height 0.35s ease; -o-transition: height 0.35s ease; transition: height 0.35s ease;}.collapse.in { height: auto;}.hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden;}.visible-phone { display: none !important;}.visible-tablet { display: none !important;}.hidden-desktop { display: none !important;}@media (max-width: 767px) { .visible-phone { display: inherit !important; } .hidden-phone { display: none !important; } .hidden-desktop { display: inherit !important; } .visible-desktop { display: none !important; }}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px) { .visible-tablet { display: inherit !important; } .hidden-tablet { display: none !important; } .hidden-desktop { display: inherit !important; } .visible-desktop { display: none !important ; }}@media (max-width: 480px) { .nav-collapse { -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); } .page-header h1 small { display: block; line-height: 18px; } input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { border: 1px solid #ccc; } .form-horizontal .control-group > label { float: none; width: auto; padding-top: 0; text-align: left; } .form-horizontal .controls { margin-left: 0; } .form-horizontal .control-list { padding-top: 0; } .form-horizontal .form-actions { padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; } .modal { position: absolute; top: 10px; left: 10px; right: 10px; width: auto; margin: 0; } .modal.fade.in { top: auto; } .modal-header .close { padding: 10px; margin: -10px; } .carousel-caption { position: static; }}@media (max-width: 767px) { body { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; } .navbar-fixed-top, .navbar-fixed-bottom { margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; } .container-fluid { padding: 0; } .dl-horizontal dt { float: none; clear: none; width: auto; text-align: left; } .dl-horizontal dd { margin-left: 0; } .container { width: auto; } .row-fluid { width: 100%; } .row, .thumbnails { margin-left: 0; } [class*="span"], .row-fluid [class*="span"] { float: none; display: block; width: auto; margin-left: 0; } .input-large, .input-xlarge, .input-xxlarge, input[class*="span"], select[class*="span"], textarea[class*="span"], .uneditable-input { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .input-prepend input, .input-append input, .input-prepend input[class*="span"], .input-append input[class*="span"] { display: inline-block; width: auto; }}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px) { .row { margin-left: -20px; *zoom: 1; } .row:before, .row:after { display: table; content: ""; } .row:after { clear: both; } [class*="span"] { float: left; margin-left: 20px; } .container, .navbar-fixed-top .container, .navbar-fixed-bottom .container { width: 724px; } .span12 { width: 724px; } .span11 { width: 662px; } .span10 { width: 600px; } .span9 { width: 538px; } .span8 { width: 476px; } .span7 { width: 414px; } .span6 { width: 352px; } .span5 { width: 290px; } .span4 { width: 228px; } .span3 { width: 166px; } .span2 { width: 104px; } .span1 { width: 42px; } .offset12 { margin-left: 764px; } .offset11 { margin-left: 702px; } .offset10 { margin-left: 640px; } .offset9 { margin-left: 578px; } .offset8 { margin-left: 516px; } .offset7 { margin-left: 454px; } .offset6 { margin-left: 392px; } .offset5 { margin-left: 330px; } .offset4 { margin-left: 268px; } .offset3 { margin-left: 206px; } .offset2 { margin-left: 144px; } .offset1 { margin-left: 82px; } .row-fluid { width: 100%; *zoom: 1; } .row-fluid:before, .row-fluid:after { display: table; content: ""; } .row-fluid:after { clear: both; } .row-fluid [class*="span"] { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin-left: 2.762430939%; *margin-left: 2.709239449638298%; } .row-fluid [class*="span"]:first-child { margin-left: 0; } .row-fluid .span12 { width: 99.999999993%; *width: 99.9468085036383%; } .row-fluid .span11 { width: 91.436464082%; *width: 91.38327259263829%; } .row-fluid .span10 { width: 82.87292817100001%; *width: 82.8197366816383%; } .row-fluid .span9 { width: 74.30939226%; *width: 74.25620077063829%; } .row-fluid .span8 { width: 65.74585634900001%; *width: 65.6926648596383%; } .row-fluid .span7 { width: 57.182320438000005%; *width: 57.129128948638304%; } .row-fluid .span6 { width: 48.618784527%; *width: 48.5655930376383%; } .row-fluid .span5 { width: 40.055248616%; *width: 40.0020571266383%; } .row-fluid .span4 { width: 31.491712705%; *width: 31.4385212156383%; } .row-fluid .span3 { width: 22.928176794%; *width: 22.874985304638297%; } .row-fluid .span2 { width: 14.364640883%; *width: 14.311449393638298%; } .row-fluid .span1 { width: 5.801104972%; *width: 5.747913482638298%; } input, textarea, .uneditable-input { margin-left: 0; } input.span12, textarea.span12, .uneditable-input.span12 { width: 714px; } input.span11, textarea.span11, .uneditable-input.span11 { width: 652px; } input.span10, textarea.span10, .uneditable-input.span10 { width: 590px; } input.span9, textarea.span9, .uneditable-input.span9 { width: 528px; } input.span8, textarea.span8, .uneditable-input.span8 { width: 466px; } input.span7, textarea.span7, .uneditable-input.span7 { width: 404px; } input.span6, textarea.span6, .uneditable-input.span6 { width: 342px; } input.span5, textarea.span5, .uneditable-input.span5 { width: 280px; } input.span4, textarea.span4, .uneditable-input.span4 { width: 218px; } input.span3, textarea.span3, .uneditable-input.span3 { width: 156px; } input.span2, textarea.span2, .uneditable-input.span2 { width: 94px; } input.span1, textarea.span1, .uneditable-input.span1 { width: 32px; }}@media (min-width: 1200px) { .row { margin-left: -30px; *zoom: 1; } .row:before, .row:after { display: table; content: ""; } .row:after { clear: both; } [class*="span"] { float: left; margin-left: 30px; } .container, .navbar-fixed-top .container, .navbar-fixed-bottom .container { width: 1170px; } .span12 { width: 1170px; } .span11 { width: 1070px; } .span10 { width: 970px; } .span9 { width: 870px; } .span8 { width: 770px; } .span7 { width: 670px; } .span6 { width: 570px; } .span5 { width: 470px; } .span4 { width: 370px; } .span3 { width: 270px; } .span2 { width: 170px; } .span1 { width: 70px; } .offset12 { margin-left: 1230px; } .offset11 { margin-left: 1130px; } .offset10 { margin-left: 1030px; } .offset9 { margin-left: 930px; } .offset8 { margin-left: 830px; } .offset7 { margin-left: 730px; } .offset6 { margin-left: 630px; } .offset5 { margin-left: 530px; } .offset4 { margin-left: 430px; } .offset3 { margin-left: 330px; } .offset2 { margin-left: 230px; } .offset1 { margin-left: 130px; } .row-fluid { width: 100%; *zoom: 1; } .row-fluid:before, .row-fluid:after { display: table; content: ""; } .row-fluid:after { clear: both; } .row-fluid [class*="span"] { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin-left: 2.564102564%; *margin-left: 2.510911074638298%; } .row-fluid [class*="span"]:first-child { margin-left: 0; } .row-fluid .span12 { width: 100%; *width: 99.94680851063829%; } .row-fluid .span11 { width: 91.45299145300001%; *width: 91.3997999636383%; } .row-fluid .span10 { width: 82.905982906%; *width: 82.8527914166383%; } .row-fluid .span9 { width: 74.358974359%; *width: 74.30578286963829%; } .row-fluid .span8 { width: 65.81196581200001%; *width: 65.7587743226383%; } .row-fluid .span7 { width: 57.264957265%; *width: 57.2117657756383%; } .row-fluid .span6 { width: 48.717948718%; *width: 48.6647572286383%; } .row-fluid .span5 { width: 40.170940171000005%; *width: 40.117748681638304%; } .row-fluid .span4 { width: 31.623931624%; *width: 31.5707401346383%; } .row-fluid .span3 { width: 23.076923077%; *width: 23.0237315876383%; } .row-fluid .span2 { width: 14.529914530000001%; *width: 14.4767230406383%; } .row-fluid .span1 { width: 5.982905983%; *width: 5.929714493638298%; } input, textarea, .uneditable-input { margin-left: 0; } input.span12, textarea.span12, .uneditable-input.span12 { width: 1160px; } input.span11, textarea.span11, .uneditable-input.span11 { width: 1060px; } input.span10, textarea.span10, .uneditable-input.span10 { width: 960px; } input.span9, textarea.span9, .uneditable-input.span9 { width: 860px; } input.span8, textarea.span8, .uneditable-input.span8 { width: 760px; } input.span7, textarea.span7, .uneditable-input.span7 { width: 660px; } input.span6, textarea.span6, .uneditable-input.span6 { width: 560px; } input.span5, textarea.span5, .uneditable-input.span5 { width: 460px; } input.span4, textarea.span4, .uneditable-input.span4 { width: 360px; } input.span3, textarea.span3, .uneditable-input.span3 { width: 260px; } input.span2, textarea.span2, .uneditable-input.span2 { width: 160px; } input.span1, textarea.span1, .uneditable-input.span1 { width: 60px; } .thumbnails { margin-left: -30px; } .thumbnails > li { margin-left: 30px; } .row-fluid .thumbnails { margin-left: 0; }}@media (max-width: 979px) { body { padding-top: 0; } .navbar-fixed-top, .navbar-fixed-bottom { position: static; } .navbar-fixed-top { margin-bottom: 18px; } .navbar-fixed-bottom { margin-top: 18px; } .navbar-fixed-top .navbar-inner, .navbar-fixed-bottom .navbar-inner { padding: 5px; } .navbar .container { width: auto; padding: 0; } .navbar .brand { padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 -5px; } .nav-collapse { clear: both; } .nav-collapse .nav { float: none; margin: 0 0 9px; } .nav-collapse .nav > li { float: none; } .nav-collapse .nav > li > a { margin-bottom: 2px; } .nav-collapse .nav > .divider-vertical { display: none; } .nav-collapse .nav .nav-header { color: #999999; text-shadow: none; } .nav-collapse .nav > li > a, .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu a { padding: 6px 15px; font-weight: bold; color: #999999; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; -moz-border-radius: 3px; border-radius: 3px; } .nav-collapse .btn { padding: 4px 10px 4px; font-weight: normal; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px; } .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu li + li a { margin-bottom: 2px; } .nav-collapse .nav > li > a:hover, .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu a:hover { background-color: #222222; } .nav-collapse.in .btn-group { margin-top: 5px; padding: 0; } .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu { position: static; top: auto; left: auto; float: none; display: block; max-width: none; margin: 0 15px; padding: 0; background-color: transparent; border: none; -webkit-border-radius: 0; -moz-border-radius: 0; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; } .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu:before, .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu:after { display: none; } .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu .divider { display: none; } .nav-collapse .navbar-form, .nav-collapse .navbar-search { float: none; padding: 9px 15px; margin: 9px 0; border-top: 1px solid #222222; border-bottom: 1px solid #222222; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1); -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1); } .navbar .nav-collapse .nav.pull-right { float: none; margin-left: 0; } .nav-collapse, .nav-collapse.collapse { overflow: hidden; height: 0; } .navbar .btn-navbar { display: block; } .navbar-static .navbar-inner { padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }}@media (min-width: 980px) { .nav-collapse.collapse { height: auto !important; overflow: visible !important; }}

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