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  • Persistent static routes fail on MacOS 10.6.5 startup!

    - by verbalicious
    I'm unable to get static routes to persist a reboot on Mac OS 10.6.5. I've tried all of the methods prescribed in Google search results, and previous posts on this site. I've tried manually creating a launchd daemon, and used RouteSplit's launchd daemon to no avail. It's clear that the interface is not ready when these methods attempt to apply the route. This workstation in question is getting its IP from DHCP and probably hasn't gotten its DHCP lease when the command runs. We're able to apply the route by hand when logged in, but not through startup methods. Is there another way to apply this route by sneaking the command into something later, but before the login window appears to the user? Here is some relevant log info from system.log. You can see the "route: writing to routing socket: Network is unreachable" errors where my launchd script fires off. I've tried adding extra "sleep" and "ipconfig waitall" statements later in the script but this doesn't fly. Dec 15 19:30:41 localhost com.apple.launchd[1]: *** launchd[1] has started up. *** Dec 15 19:30:45 localhost mDNSResponder[18]: mDNSResponder mDNSResponder-258.13 (Oct 8 2010 17:10:30) starting Dec 15 19:30:47 localhost configd[15]: bootp_session_transmit: bpf_write(en1) failed: Network is down (50) Dec 15 19:30:47 localhost configd[15]: DHCP en1: INIT transmit failed Dec 15 19:30:47 localhost configd[15]: network configuration changed. Dec 15 19:30:47 Administrators-MacBook-Pro configd[15]: setting hostname to "Administrators-MacBook-Pro.local" Dec 15 19:30:47 Administrators-MacBook-Pro blued[16]: Apple Bluetooth daemon started Dec 15 19:30:52 Administrators-MacBook-Pro syslog[67]: routes.sh: Starting RouteSplit Dec 15 19:30:53 Administrators-MacBook-Pro com.apple.usbmuxd[41]: usbmuxd-207 built for iTunesTenOne on Oct 19 2010 at 13:50:35, running 64 bit Dec 15 19:30:54 Administrators-MacBook-Pro /System/Library/CoreServices/loginwindow.app/Contents/MacOS/loginwindow[50]: Login Window Application Started Dec 15 19:30:55 Administrators-MacBook-Pro bootlog[61]: BOOT_TIME: 1292459441 0 Dec 15 19:30:55 Administrators-MacBook-Pro syslog[86]: routes.sh: static route 192.168.0.0/23 192.168.2.2 Dec 15 19:30:55 Administrators-MacBook-Pro net.routes.static[65]: route: writing to routing socket: Network is unreachable Dec 15 19:30:55 Administrators-MacBook-Pro net.routes.static[65]: add net 192.168.0.0: gateway 192.168.2.2: Network is unreachable Dec 15 19:30:57 Administrators-MacBook-Pro org.apache.httpd[38]: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using Administrators-MacBook-Pro.local for ServerName Dec 15 19:30:58 Administrators-MacBook-Pro loginwindow[50]: Login Window Started Security Agent Dec 15 19:30:58 Administrators-MacBook-Pro WindowServer[89]: kCGErrorFailure: Set a breakpoint @ CGErrorBreakpoint() to catch errors as they are logged. Dec 15 19:30:58 Administrators-MacBook-Pro com.apple.WindowServer[89]: Wed Dec 15 19:30:58 Administrators-MacBook-Pro.local WindowServer[89] <Error>: kCGErrorFailure: Set a breakpoint @ CGErrorBreakpoint() to catch errors as they are logged. Dec 15 19:31:18 Administrators-MacBook-Pro configd[15]: network configuration changed. Dec 15 19:31:19 administrators-macbook-pro configd[15]: setting hostname to "administrators-macbook-pro.local" Dec 15 19:31:25 administrators-macbook-pro _mdnsresponder[121]: /usr/libexec/ntpd-wrapper: scutil key State:/Network/Global/DNS not present after 30 seconds Dec 15 19:31:25 administrators-macbook-pro _mdnsresponder[124]: sntp options: a=2 v=1 e=0.100 E=5.000 P=2147483647.000 Dec 15 19:31:25 administrators-macbook-pro _mdnsresponder[124]: d=15 c=5 x=0 op=1 l=/var/run/sntp.pid f= time.apple.com Dec 15 19:31:25 administrators-macbook-pro _mdnsresponder[124]: sntp: getaddrinfo(hostname, ntp) failed with nodename nor servname provided, or not known Dec 15 19:31:27 administrators-macbook-pro configd[15]: network configuration changed. Dec 15 19:31:27 Administrators-MacBook-Pro configd[15]: setting hostname to "Administrators-MacBook-Pro.local" Dec 15 19:31:27 Administrators-MacBook-Pro ntpd[37]: Cannot find existing interface for address 17.151.16.20 Dec 15 19:31:27 Administrators-MacBook-Pro ntpd_initres[125]: ntpd indicates no data available! Dec 15 19:31:31 Administrators-MacBook-Pro sshd[128]: USER_PROCESS: 133 ttys000 Dec 15 19:31:37 Administrators-MacBook-Pro sudo[138]: administrator : TTY=ttys000 ; PWD=/Users/administrator ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/less /var/log/system.log ``You can see the following line in /var/log/kernel.log that shows the en0 interface coming up: Dec 15 19:30:51 Administrators-MacBook-Pro kernel[0]: Ethernet [AppleBCM5701Ethernet]: Link up on en0, 1-Gigabit, Full-duplex, No flow-control, Debug [796d,0f01,0de1,0300,c1e1,3800]

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  • Why is this mod_rewrite RewriteRule directive not working in the .htaccess file?

    - by morgant
    I've got a site that was hosted on a linux el cheapo hosting service that I'm migrating to my Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard Server server running Apache 2.2.8 & PHP 5.2.5 w/rewrite_module enabled and AllowOverride All, but I'm running into an issue with the following lines in the .htaccess file: RewriteEngine On #RewriteRule ^view/([^/\.]+)/?$ /view.php?item=$1 [L] #RewriteRule ^order/([^/\.]+)/?$ /order.php?item=$1 [L] RewriteRule ^category/([^/\.]+)/?$ /category.php?category=$1 [L] As you can see, I've commented out the RewriteRule directives for /view/ and /order/, so I'm only dealing with /category/. When I attempt to load http://domain.tld/category/2/ it runs category.php (I've added debug code to confirm), but $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] comes through as /category/2/ and $_GET['category'] comes through as empty. I'm usually fine with troubleshooting .htaccess files and mod_rewrite directives, but this one's got me stumped for some reason. Update: I followed Josh's suggestion and here's the what's dumped to mod_rewrite.log when I try to access http://domain.tld/category/2/: 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (2) init rewrite engine with requested uri /category/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) applying pattern '.*' to uri '/category/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (1) pass through /category/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] add path info postfix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php -> /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 -> category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri 'category.php/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6aa98/subreq] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] add path info postfix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php -> /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php/13 -> category.php/13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri 'category.php/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b5ea98/initial] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/category.php 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (2) init rewrite engine with requested uri /13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) applying pattern '.*' to uri '/13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (1) pass through /13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] strip per-dir prefix: /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/13 -> 13 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (3) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] applying pattern '^category/([^/\.]+)/?$' to uri '13' 65.19.81.253 - - [22/Oct/2009:17:31:53 --0400] [domain.tld/sid#100aae0b0][rid#100b6ea98/subreq] (1) [perdir /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/] pass through /Library/WebServer/Documents/tld.domain.www/13

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  • Huge performance difference between two web servers, odd behavior seen using process monitor

    - by Francis Gagnon
    We have two Coldfusion servers that have a huge performance difference running the exact same code on the exact same input data. The code in questions instantiates a large amount of CFCs (Coldfusion Components, which are similar to objects in OOP languages). I compared the two servers by running Process Monitor and then calling the problematic code on both machines. I learned two things. First, Coldfusion opens CFC files every time it instantiates an object. Both servers do this, so it cannot be the cause of the performance difference. Second, the fast server opens the CFC files directly while the server with the performance problem seems to navigate its way through the path until it reaches the desired CFC file. It does this for every file, even the ones it has previously loaded, and because the code instantiates so many CFCs it becomes very slow. See below the partial Promon traces that show this behavior. It can take over 60 seconds for the slow server to do what the fast one does in 2 seconds. Can anyone tell me what causes this behavior? Is it a Coldfusion setting? Since Coldfusion runs on top of Java, is it a Java setting? Is it an OS option? The fast server is running Windows XP and I think the slow server is a Windows Server 2003. Bonus question: Coldfusion doesn't seem to perform any READ FILE operations on any of the CFC or CFM files. How can this be? Sample of the fast server opening CFC files: 11:25:14.5588975 jrun.exe QueryOpen C:\CF\wwwroot\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:25:14.5592758 jrun.exe CreateFile C:\CF\wwwroot\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:25:14.5595024 jrun.exe QueryBasicInformationFile C:\CF\wwwroot\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:25:14.5595940 jrun.exe CloseFile C:\CF\wwwroot\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:25:14.5599628 jrun.exe CreateFile C:\CF\wwwroot\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:25:14.5601600 jrun.exe QueryBasicInformationFile C:\CF\wwwroot\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:25:14.5602463 jrun.exe CloseFile C:\CF\wwwroot\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc Equivalent sample of the slow server opening CFC files: 11:15:08.1249230 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\ 11:15:08.1250100 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org 11:15:08.1252852 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\ 11:15:08.1259670 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org 11:15:08.1260319 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli 11:15:08.1260769 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org 11:15:08.1269451 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli 11:15:08.1270613 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli\cpn 11:15:08.1271140 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli 11:15:08.1279312 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli\cpn 11:15:08.1280086 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli\cpn\APP 11:15:08.1280789 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli\cpn 11:15:08.1291034 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP 11:15:08.1291709 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com 11:15:08.1292224 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP 11:15:08.1300568 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com 11:15:08.1301321 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:15:08.1301843 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com 11:15:08.1312049 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:15:08.1314409 jrun.exe QueryBasicInformationFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:15:08.1314633 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:15:08.1315881 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\ 11:15:08.1316379 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org 11:15:08.1316926 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\ 11:15:08.1330951 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org 11:15:08.1338656 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli 11:15:08.1339118 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org 11:15:08.1526468 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli 11:15:08.1527295 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli\cpn 11:15:08.1527989 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli 11:15:08.1531977 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli\cpn 11:15:08.1532589 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli\cpn\APP 11:15:08.1533575 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli\cpn 11:15:08.1538457 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP 11:15:08.1539083 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com 11:15:08.1539553 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP 11:15:08.1544126 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com 11:15:08.1544980 jrun.exe QueryDirectory D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:15:08.1545482 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com 11:15:08.1551034 jrun.exe CreateFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:15:08.1552878 jrun.exe QueryBasicInformationFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc 11:15:08.1553044 jrun.exe CloseFile D:\org\cli\cpn\APP\com\HtmlUtils.cfc Thanks

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  • Integrating HP Systems Insight Manager into an existing environment

    - by ewwhite
    I'm working with an environment that spans multiple data centers/sites and consists primarily of HP ProLiant servers (G5-G7) running Linux. The mix is 30% RHEL/CentOS, the rest are Gentoo :(. I also have a few dozen virtual machines running back-office and Windows servers on VMWare ESX hosts. I run OpenNMS to pull SNMP data from the various server nodes and networking devices. While OpenNMS works wonderfully for up/down, thresholds and notifications, it's native handling of traps is a little rough and the graphs are not particularly pretty. I use Orca/RRD graphs for performance trending and nice graphs. I'm tasked with inventorying the environment and wanted to come up with a clean way to organize server information. Since my environment is mostly HP, I've been playing with HP Systems Insight Manager as a way to extract server data and to deploy HP health/monitoring packages and firmware. The Gentoo systems eventually have to be converted to CentOS, so getting a quick assessment of what hardware is where would be great. Although I've read through a few hundred pages of HP manuals, I'm having a difficult time understanding how to get HP SIM to do what I want, though. My main problems are: I have about 40 subnets to deal with; 98% connected with private lines to facilities across the globe. I don't want to initiate an HP SIM discovery only to pull back every piece of intermediate networking hardware and equipment from all of the locations. I'd like this to focus on the servers. I have OpenNMS configured to accept traps. I don't want HP SIM to duplicate that effort. It seems like the built-in software deployment tool wants to overwrite the trapsink parameters for the systems it encounters during discovery. I have about 10 administrative username/password combinations in use across this infrastructure. Is there a more efficient way to get HP SIM to do the discovery or break discovery into manageable chunks? In terms of general workflow, do people typically install the HP Management Agents during the initial OS deployment (e.g. kickstart post script) or afterwards from HP SIM? Is HP SIM too thick/fat to be an inventory tool? I can't tell if it's meant to be used standalone or alongside other monitoring products. Since the majority of the systems I'm trying to track are those running Gentoo (in order to plan the move to CentOS), is there any way for HP SIM to extract system model information from them ( like dmidecode)? I have systems here where I may have an SSH key established, but not direct user or login access. Is there a way for me to import an SSH private/public key pair into HP SIM to reach out to the servers that can't accept standard credentials? There are a handful of sites where I have inconsistent access or have a double-NAT situation. I may be able to poke a server, but it may not be able to find its way back to the management system. Is there a workaround for this? The certificate configuration for HP SIM seems complicated. What is the preferred setup for trust between systems? I'd also appreciate any notes or recommendations to using this product. Or if there's a better way to do this, I'd like to know.

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  • Ubuntu server random hangups.

    - by Ebbe
    Hello all. this is my first post to this forum which I found through the superb podcast "It Conversations" from StackOverFlow. I am quite in my role as server administrator for an exhibition center in London. Basically we have a central file and sql server to which roughly 40 stations connects to to upload/download data used/captured by a set of applications. Over the last weeks we have experienced a few random hangups to our applications, and as it always happen to multiple applications simultaneously I do not believe that the applications are the source of the problem. We also monitor the network using Dartware Intermapper which indicates that all switches and stations on the network has been reachable during the downtime. Thus, its all pointing to the server. I have been looking through all log files I can think of and the only thing so far that I have found suspicious is the following lines in the syslog which are from the time of one of the hangups: Feb 6 17:14:27 es named[5582]: client 127.0.0.1#33721: RFC 1918 response from Internet for 150.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa Feb 6 17:14:40 es named[5582]: client 127.0.0.1#32899: RFC 1918 response from Internet for 152.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa Feb 6 17:15:01 es /USR/SBIN/CRON[1956]: (es) CMD (/home/es/apps/es/bin/es_checksum.sh) Feb 6 17:16:06 es /USR/SBIN/CRON[2031]: (es) CMD (/home/es/apps/es/bin/es_checksum.sh) Feb 6 17:21:00 es named[5582]: *** POKED TIMER *** Feb 6 17:21:00 es last message repeated 2 times Feb 6 17:21:07 es named[5582]: client 127.0.0.1#44194: RFC 1918 response from Internet for 143.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa Feb 6 17:21:12 es named[5582]: client 127.0.0.1#59004: RFC 1918 response from Internet for 164.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa I find a few lines of interesting lines here: 1) "RFC 1918 response from Internet for 150.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa". I see this a lot in the syslog. And basically everytime I do a nslookup for any of the computers in the cluster I get a new similar line in the syslog. I understand from google that this has to do with reverse lookup problems. But I do not know how that could effect the systems. Lets say that one of these lines appear every time one of the userstations connects to the server, which may happen several times a second. Could this possible cause a hangup of the entire server? 2) POKED TIMER, I have googled this quite a lot, but not found an explaination that I can relate to. What does this mean? 3) The timestamps, it seems like the entire server has stopped responding for several minutes. Normally there are many printouts to the syslog per minute on this server. Furthermore the CRON job is set to run once every minute. Which according to the log, hasent happened here. OS: Ubuntu 8.04 Kernel: Linux 2.6.24-24-server x86_64 GNU/Linux. Hardware: Dell R710, RAID1, CPU: 2x XEON E5530. 16GB Memory. Average load is very low, and memory should not be a problem. Please let me know if you need any additional information. Best wishes, Ebbe

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  • creating a heirarchy of terminals or workspaces

    - by intuited
    <rant This question occurred to me ('occurred' meaning 'whispered seductively in my ear for the 100th time') while using GNU-screen, so I'll make that my example. However this is a much more general question about user interfaces and what I perceive as a flawmissing feature in every implementation I've yet seen. I'm wondering if there is some way to create a heirarchy/tree of terminals in a screen session. EG I'd like to have something like 1 bash 1.1 bash 1.2 bash 2 bash 3 bash 3.1 bash 3.1.1 bash 3.1.2 bash It would be good if the terminals could be labelled instead of having to be navigated to via some arrangement that I suspect doesn't exist. So then you could jump to one using eg ^A:goto happydays or ^A:goto dykstra.angry. So to generalize that: Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, gnome-terminal, roxterm, konsole, yakuake, OpenOffice, Microsoft Office, Mr. Snuffaluppagus's Funtime Carousel™, and Your Mom's Jam Browser™ all offer the ability to create a flat set of tabs containing documents of an identical nature: web pages, terminals, documents, fun rideable animals, and jams. GNU-screen implements the same functionality without using tabs. Linux and OS/X window managers provide the ability to organize windows into an array of workspaces, which amounts to again, the same deal. Over the past few years, this has become a more or less ubiquitous concept which has been righteously welcomed into the far reaches of the computer interface funfest. Heavy users of these systems quickly encounter a problem with it: the set of entities is flat. In the case of workspaces, an option may be available to create a 2d array. However none of these applications furnish their users with the ability to create heirarchies, similar to filesystem directory structures, containing instances of their particular contained type. I for one am consistently bothered by this, and am wondering if the community can offer some wisdom as to why this has not happened in any of the foremost collections of computational functionality our culture has yet produced. Or if perhaps it has and I'm just an ignorant savage. I'd like to be able to not only group things into a tree structure, but also to create references (aka symbolic links, aka pointers) from one part of the structure to another, as well as apply properties (eg default directory, colorscheme, ...) recursively downward from a given node. I see no reason why we shouldn't be able to save these structures as known sessions, and apply tags to particular instances. So then you can sort through them by tag, find them by name, or just use the arrow keys (with an appropriate modifier) to move left or right and in or out of a given level. Another key combo would serve to create a branch in the place of the current terminal/webpage/lifelike statue/spreadsheet/spreadsheet sheet/presentation/jam and move that entity into the new branch, then create a fresh one as a sibling to it: a second leaf node within the same branch node. They would get along well. I find it a bit astonishing that this hasn't happened yet, and the only reason I can venture as a guess is that the creators of these fine systems do not consider such functionality to be useful to a significant portion of their userbase. I posit that the probability that that such an assumption would be correct is pretty low. On the other hand, given the relative ease with which such structures can be implemented using modern libraries/languages, it doesn't seem likely that difficulty of implementation would be a major roadblock. If it could be done in 1972 or whenever within the constraints of a filesystem driver, it should be relatively painless to implement in 2010 in a fullblown application. Given that all of these systems are capable of maintaining a set of equivalent entities, it seems unlikely that a major infrastructure overhaul would be necessary in order to enable a navigable heirarchy of them. </rant Mostly I'm just looking to start up a discussion and/or brainstorming on this topic. Any ideas, examples, criticism, or analysis are quite welcome. * Mr. Snuffaluppagus's Funtime Carousel is a registered trademark of Children's Television Workshop Inc. * Your Mom's Jam Browser is a registered trademark of Your Mom Inc.

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  • TLS (STARTTLS) Failure After 10.6 Upgrade to Open Directory Master

    - by Thomas Kishel
    Hello, Environment: Mac OS X 10.6.3 install/import of a MacOS X 10.5.8 Open Directory Master server. After that upgrade, LDAP+TLS fails on our MacOS X 10.5, 10.6, CentOS, Debian, and FreeBSD clients (Apache2 and PAM). Testing using ldapsearch: ldapsearch -ZZ -H ldap://gnome.darkhorse.com -v -x -b "dc=darkhorse,dc=com" '(uid=donaldr)' uid ... fails with: ldap_start_tls: Protocol error (2) Testing adding "-d 9" fails with: res_errno: 2, res_error: <unsupported extended operation>, res_matched: <> Testing without requiring STARTTLS or with LDAPS: ldapsearch -H ldap://gnome.darkhorse.com -v -x -b "dc=darkhorse,dc=com" '(uid=donaldr)' uid ldapsearch -H ldaps://gnome.darkhorse.com -v -x -b "dc=darkhorse,dc=com" '(uid=donaldr)' uid ... succeeds with: # donaldr, users, darkhorse.com dn: uid=donaldr,cn=users,dc=darkhorse,dc=com uid: donaldr # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 2 # numEntries: 1 result: 0 Success (We are specifying "TLS_REQCERT never" in /etc/openldap/ldap.conf) Testing with openssl: openssl s_client -connect gnome.darkhorse.com:636 -showcerts -state ... succeeds: CONNECTED(00000003) SSL_connect:before/connect initialization SSL_connect:SSLv2/v3 write client hello A SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server hello A depth=1 /C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Milwaukie/O=Dark Horse Comics, Inc./OU=Dark Horse Network/CN=DHC MIS Department verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain verify return:0 SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server certificate A SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server done A SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client key exchange A SSL_connect:SSLv3 write change cipher spec A SSL_connect:SSLv3 write finished A SSL_connect:SSLv3 flush data SSL_connect:SSLv3 read finished A --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Milwaukie/O=Dark Horse Comics, Inc./OU=MIS/CN=gnome.darkhorse.com i:/C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Milwaukie/O=Dark Horse Comics, Inc./OU=Dark Horse Network/CN=DHC MIS Department 1 s:/C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Milwaukie/O=Dark Horse Comics, Inc./OU=Dark Horse Network/CN=DHC MIS Department i:/C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Milwaukie/O=Dark Horse Comics, Inc./OU=Dark Horse Network/CN=DHC MIS Department --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <deleted for brevity> -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Milwaukie/O=Dark Horse Comics, Inc./OU=MIS/CN=gnome.darkhorse.com issuer=/C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Milwaukie/O=Dark Horse Comics, Inc./OU=Dark Horse Network/CN=DHC MIS Department --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 2640 bytes and written 325 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES256-SHA Server public key is 1024 bit Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : AES256-SHA Session-ID: D3F9536D3C64BAAB9424193F81F09D5C53B7D8E7CB5A9000C58E43285D983851 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: E224CC065924DDA6FABB89DBCC3E6BF89BEF6C0BD6E5D0B3C79E7DE927D6E97BF12219053BA2BB5B96EA2F6A44E934D3 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1271202435 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) So we believe that the slapd daemon is reading our certificate and writing it to LDAP clients. Apple Server Admin adds ProgramArguments ("-h ldaps:///") to /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.openldap.slapd.plist and TLSCertificateFile, TLSCertificateKeyFile, TLSCACertificateFile, and TLSCertificatePassphraseTool to /etc/openldap/slapd_macosxserver.conf when enabling SSL in the LDAP section of the Open Directory service. While that appears enough for LDAPS, it appears that this is not enough for TLS. Comparing our 10.6 and 10.5 slapd.conf and slapd_macosxserver.conf configuration files yields no clues. Replacing our certificate (generated with a self-signed ca) with an Apple Server Admin generated self signed certificate results in no change in ldapsearch results. Setting -d to 256 in /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.openldap.slapd.plist logs: 4/13/10 5:23:35 PM org.openldap.slapd[82162] conn=384 op=0 EXT oid=1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.20037 4/13/10 5:23:35 PM org.openldap.slapd[82162] conn=384 op=0 do_extended: unsupported operation "1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.20037" 4/13/10 5:23:35 PM org.openldap.slapd[82162] conn=384 op=0 RESULT tag=120 err=2 text=unsupported extended operation Any debugging advice much appreciated. -- Tom Kishel

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  • Detecting source of memory usage on a Linux box

    - by apeace
    I have a toy Linux box with 256mb RAM running Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS. Here is the output of free -m: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 245 122 122 0 19 64 -/+ buffers/cache: 38 206 Swap: 511 0 511 Unless I'm reading this wrong, 122mb is being used and only 84mb of that is disk cache. Here are all processes I'm running sorted by memory usage (ps -eo pmem,pcpu,rss,vsize,args | sort -k 1 -r): %MEM %CPU RSS VSZ COMMAND 5.0 0.0 12648 633140 node /home/node/main/sites.js 1.5 0.0 3884 251736 /usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon 1.3 0.0 3328 77108 sshd: apeace [priv] 0.9 0.0 2344 19624 -bash 0.7 0.0 1776 23620 /sbin/init 0.6 0.0 1624 77108 sshd: apeace@pts/0 0.6 0.0 1544 9940 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf 0.6 0.0 1524 25848 /usr/sbin/ntpd -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g -u 103:105 0.5 0.0 1324 119880 rsyslogd -c4 0.4 0.0 1084 49308 /usr/sbin/sshd 0.4 0.0 1028 44376 /usr/sbin/exim4 -bd -q30m 0.3 0.0 904 6876 ps -eo pmem,pcpu,rss,vsize,args 0.3 0.0 888 21124 cron 0.3 0.0 868 23472 dbus-daemon --system --fork 0.2 0.0 732 19624 -bash 0.2 0.0 628 6128 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0.2 0.0 628 16952 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon 0.2 0.0 564 16800 udevd --daemon 0.2 0.0 552 16796 udevd --daemon 0.2 0.0 548 16796 udevd --daemon 0.0 0.0 0 0 [xenwatch] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [xenbus] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [sync_supers] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [netns] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [migration/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [migration/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [migration/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [migration/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kthreadd] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kswapd0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kstriped] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksoftirqd/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksoftirqd/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksoftirqd/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksoftirqd/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [ksnapd] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kseriod] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kjournald] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [khvcd] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [khelper] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kblockd/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kblockd/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kblockd/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [kblockd/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [flush-202:1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [events/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [events/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [events/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [events/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [crypto/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [crypto/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [crypto/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [crypto/0] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [cpuset] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [bdi-default] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [async/mgr] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [aio/3] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [aio/2] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [aio/1] 0.0 0.0 0 0 [aio/0] Now, I know that ps is not the best for viewing process memory usage, but that's because it tends to report more memory than is actually being used...meaning no matter how you look at it all my processes combined shouldn't be using near 122mb, even if you account for the disk cache. What's more, memory usage is growing all the time. I've had to restart my server once a week, because once my 256mb fills up it starts swapping, which it wouldn't do just for disk cache. Shouldn't there be some way for me to see the culprit?! I'm new to server admin, so please if there's something obvious I'm overlooking point it out to me. Just for good measure, the output of cat /proc/meminfo: MemTotal: 251140 kB MemFree: 124604 kB Buffers: 20536 kB Cached: 66136 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 65004 kB Inactive: 37576 kB Active(anon): 15932 kB Inactive(anon): 164 kB Active(file): 49072 kB Inactive(file): 37412 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 524284 kB SwapFree: 524284 kB Dirty: 8 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 15916 kB Mapped: 10668 kB Shmem: 188 kB Slab: 18604 kB SReclaimable: 10088 kB SUnreclaim: 8516 kB KernelStack: 536 kB PageTables: 1444 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 649852 kB Committed_AS: 64224 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 752 kB VmallocChunk: 34359737600 kB DirectMap4k: 262144 kB DirectMap2M: 0 kB EDIT: I had misinterpreted the meaning of free -m at first. But even so: the important thing is that my OS eventually begins to use swap memory if I don't restart my server, which disk caching wouldn't do. So where do I look to see what is using all this memory?

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  • iptables DNS resolution

    - by Favolas
    I have a virtual machine with Fedora 19 acting as a router. This machine as an interface (p8p1) with the IP 172.16.1.254 that is connected to another machine (IP 172.16.1.1) that's simulating the external network. I've installed snort 2.9.2.2, applied the snortsam-2.9.2.2.diff.gz patch and installed snortsam 2.70 on the routermachine In snort.conf besides altering some RULE_PATH I believe I've only added the following line to the file. output alert_fwsam: 127.0.0.1:898/password After doing this two comands: ifconfig p8p1 promisc /usr/local/snort/bin/snort -v -i p8p1 If I ping from the external network to the router IP, I can see the info about the pings. One of the rules that I have is icmp-info.rules that as this single line: alert icmp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ICMP-INFO Echo Reply"; icode:0; itype:0; classtype:misc-activity; sid:408; rev:6;fwsam: src, 5 minutes;) snortsam.conf as this data: defaultkey password accept localhost keyinterval 30 minutes dontblock 192.168.1.1 # rede local rollbackhosts 50 rollbackthreshold 20 / 30 secs rollbacksleeptime 1 minute logfile /var/log/snort/snortsam.log loglevel 3 daemon nothreads # linha importante para gerar os bloqueios via iptables iptables p8p1 LOG bindip 127.0.0.1 Now I run this command: /usr/local/snort/bin/snort -u snort -i p8p1 -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -l /var/log/snort -Dq Terminal gives this message: Spawning daemon child... My daemon child 2080 lives... Daemon parent exiting (0) and when I runsnortsam in terminal i got this: SnortSam, v 2.70. Copyright (c) 2001-2009 Frank Knobbe . All rights reserved. Plugin 'fwsam': v 2.5, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'fwexec': v 2.7, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'pix': v 2.9, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'ciscoacl': v 2.12, by Ali Basel <[email protected]> Plugin 'cisconullroute': v 2.5, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'cisconullroute2': v 2.2, by Wouter de Jong <[email protected]> Plugin 'netscreen': v 2.10, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'ipchains': v 2.8, by Hector A. Paterno <[email protected]> Plugin 'iptables': v 2.9, by Fabrizio Tivano <[email protected]>, Luis Marichal <[email protected]> Plugin 'ebtables': v 2.4, by Bruno Scatolin <[email protected]> Plugin 'watchguard': v 2.7, by Thomas Maier <[email protected]> Plugin 'email': v 2.12, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'email-blocks-only': v 2.12, by Frank Knobbe Plugin 'snmpinterfacedown': v 2.3, by Ali BASEL <[email protected]> Plugin 'forward': v 2.8, by Frank Knobbe Parsing config file /etc/snortsam.conf... Linking plugin 'iptables'... Checking for existing state file "/var/db/snortsam.state". Found. Reading state file. Starting to listen for Snort alerts. and snortsam.log as an entry like this 2013/10/25, 10:15:17, -, 1, snortsam, Starting to listen for Snort alerts. Now, from the external machine I do ping 172.16.1.254 and it starts showing the info and an alert file is created in /var/log/snort/ that as the info about the PINGS. Something like: [**] [1:408:6] ICMP-INFO Echo Reply [**] [Classification: Misc activity] [Priority: 3] 10/25-10:35:16.061319 172.16.1.254 -> 172.16.1.1 ICMP TTL:64 TOS:0x0 ID:38720 IpLen:20 DgmLen:84 Type:0 Code:0 ID:1389 Seq:1 ECHO REPLY Also, if I run instead /usr/local/snort/bin/snort snort -v -i p8p1 i got this message: Running in packet dump mode --== Initializing Snort ==-- Initializing Output Plugins! Snort BPF option: snort pcap DAQ configured to passive. The DAQ version does not support reload. Acquiring network traffic from "p8p1". ERROR: Can't set DAQ BPF filter to 'snort' (pcap_daq_set_filter: pcap_compile: syntax error)! Fatal Error, Quitting.. So, this are my questions: Shouldn't snortsam block the PING? Is that DAQ error causing the problem? If so, How can I solve it?

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  • Persistent static routes fail on MacOS 10.6.5 startup!

    - by verbalicious
    I'm unable to get static routes to persist a reboot on Mac OS 10.6.5. I've tried all of the methods prescribed in Google search results, and previous posts on this site. I've tried manually creating a launchd daemon, and used RouteSplit's launchd daemon to no avail. It's clear that the interface is not ready when these methods attempt to apply the route. This workstation in question is getting its IP from DHCP and probably hasn't gotten its DHCP lease when the command runs. We're able to apply the route by hand when logged in, but not through startup methods. Is there another way to apply this route by sneaking the command into something later, but before the login window appears to the user? Here is some relevant log info from system.log. You can see the "route: writing to routing socket: Network is unreachable" errors where my launchd script fires off. I've tried adding extra "sleep" and "ipconfig waitall" statements later in the script but this doesn't fly. Dec 15 19:30:41 localhost com.apple.launchd[1]: *** launchd[1] has started up. *** Dec 15 19:30:45 localhost mDNSResponder[18]: mDNSResponder mDNSResponder-258.13 (Oct 8 2010 17:10:30) starting Dec 15 19:30:47 localhost configd[15]: bootp_session_transmit: bpf_write(en1) failed: Network is down (50) Dec 15 19:30:47 localhost configd[15]: DHCP en1: INIT transmit failed Dec 15 19:30:47 localhost configd[15]: network configuration changed. Dec 15 19:30:47 Administrators-MacBook-Pro configd[15]: setting hostname to "Administrators-MacBook-Pro.local" Dec 15 19:30:47 Administrators-MacBook-Pro blued[16]: Apple Bluetooth daemon started Dec 15 19:30:52 Administrators-MacBook-Pro syslog[67]: routes.sh: Starting RouteSplit Dec 15 19:30:53 Administrators-MacBook-Pro com.apple.usbmuxd[41]: usbmuxd-207 built for iTunesTenOne on Oct 19 2010 at 13:50:35, running 64 bit Dec 15 19:30:54 Administrators-MacBook-Pro /System/Library/CoreServices/loginwindow.app/Contents/MacOS/loginwindow[50]: Login Window Application Started Dec 15 19:30:55 Administrators-MacBook-Pro bootlog[61]: BOOT_TIME: 1292459441 0 Dec 15 19:30:55 Administrators-MacBook-Pro syslog[86]: routes.sh: static route 192.168.0.0/23 192.168.2.2 Dec 15 19:30:55 Administrators-MacBook-Pro net.routes.static[65]: route: writing to routing socket: Network is unreachable Dec 15 19:30:55 Administrators-MacBook-Pro net.routes.static[65]: add net 192.168.0.0: gateway 192.168.2.2: Network is unreachable Dec 15 19:30:57 Administrators-MacBook-Pro org.apache.httpd[38]: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using Administrators-MacBook-Pro.local for ServerName Dec 15 19:30:58 Administrators-MacBook-Pro loginwindow[50]: Login Window Started Security Agent Dec 15 19:30:58 Administrators-MacBook-Pro WindowServer[89]: kCGErrorFailure: Set a breakpoint @ CGErrorBreakpoint() to catch errors as they are logged. Dec 15 19:30:58 Administrators-MacBook-Pro com.apple.WindowServer[89]: Wed Dec 15 19:30:58 Administrators-MacBook-Pro.local WindowServer[89] <Error>: kCGErrorFailure: Set a breakpoint @ CGErrorBreakpoint() to catch errors as they are logged. Dec 15 19:31:18 Administrators-MacBook-Pro configd[15]: network configuration changed. Dec 15 19:31:19 administrators-macbook-pro configd[15]: setting hostname to "administrators-macbook-pro.local" Dec 15 19:31:25 administrators-macbook-pro _mdnsresponder[121]: /usr/libexec/ntpd-wrapper: scutil key State:/Network/Global/DNS not present after 30 seconds Dec 15 19:31:25 administrators-macbook-pro _mdnsresponder[124]: sntp options: a=2 v=1 e=0.100 E=5.000 P=2147483647.000 Dec 15 19:31:25 administrators-macbook-pro _mdnsresponder[124]: d=15 c=5 x=0 op=1 l=/var/run/sntp.pid f= time.apple.com Dec 15 19:31:25 administrators-macbook-pro _mdnsresponder[124]: sntp: getaddrinfo(hostname, ntp) failed with nodename nor servname provided, or not known Dec 15 19:31:27 administrators-macbook-pro configd[15]: network configuration changed. Dec 15 19:31:27 Administrators-MacBook-Pro configd[15]: setting hostname to "Administrators-MacBook-Pro.local" Dec 15 19:31:27 Administrators-MacBook-Pro ntpd[37]: Cannot find existing interface for address 17.151.16.20 Dec 15 19:31:27 Administrators-MacBook-Pro ntpd_initres[125]: ntpd indicates no data available! Dec 15 19:31:31 Administrators-MacBook-Pro sshd[128]: USER_PROCESS: 133 ttys000 Dec 15 19:31:37 Administrators-MacBook-Pro sudo[138]: administrator : TTY=ttys000 ; PWD=/Users/administrator ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/less /var/log/system.log ``You can see the following line in /var/log/kernel.log that shows the en0 interface coming up: Dec 15 19:30:51 Administrators-MacBook-Pro kernel[0]: Ethernet [AppleBCM5701Ethernet]: Link up on en0, 1-Gigabit, Full-duplex, No flow-control, Debug [796d,0f01,0de1,0300,c1e1,3800]

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  • xrandr shows two displays (LVDS1), but how can I use VGA1 only?

    - by Tom Fishman
    We're running Ubuntu 11 on this hardware: Foxconn R20-D2 Intel Atom D510 Intel NM10 Intel GMA 3150 Barebone There is no integrated display (it is a barebone box). I connected an external VGA to it. However xrandr shows two displays: Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 4096 x 4096 LVDS1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm 1024x768 60.0*+ 800x600 60.3 56.2 640x480 59.9 VGA1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 519mm x 324mm 1920x1200 60.0 + 1600x1200 60.0 1680x1050 60.0 1280x1024 76.0 75.0 72.0 60.0 1440x900 75.0 59.9 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 70.1 60.0* 832x624 74.6 800x600 72.2 75.0 60.3 640x480 72.8 75.0 66.7 60.0 720x400 70.1 But I don't have two displays. How can I get rid of LVDS1 and use only VGA1? The direct result is that I'm seeing a 1024x768 resolution on my VGA display, because the OS is using "mirror" mode which uses the lower resolution of the two. Turning off the mirror is not a solution. I want to fix it. Related logs: ... [ 20.019] (II) intel(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section "Default Screen Section" for depth/fbbpp 24/32 [ 20.019] (==) intel(0): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32 [ 20.019] (==) intel(0): RGB weight 888 [ 20.019] (==) intel(0): Default visual is TrueColor [ 20.019] (II) intel(0): Integrated Graphics Chipset: Intel(R) Pineview G [ 20.019] (--) intel(0): Chipset: "Pineview G" [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Relaxed fencing enabled [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Wait on SwapBuffers? enabled [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Triple buffering? enabled [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Framebuffer tiled [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Pixmaps tiled [ 20.020] (**) intel(0): 3D buffers tiled [ 20.020] (**) intel(0): SwapBuffers wait enabled [ 20.020] (==) intel(0): video overlay key set to 0x101fe [ 20.020] (II) intel(0): Output LVDS1 has no monitor section [ 20.020] (II) intel(0): found backlight control interface /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight [ 20.080] (II) intel(0): Output VGA1 has no monitor section [ 20.080] (II) intel(0): EDID for output LVDS1 [ 20.081] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "320x240" (doublescan mode not supported) [ 20.081] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "400x300" (doublescan mode not supported) [ 20.081] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "400x300" (doublescan mode not supported) [ 20.081] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "512x384" (doublescan mode not supported) ... [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "960x600" (doublescan mode not supported) [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Printing probed modes for output LVDS1 [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Modeline "1024x768"x60.0 65.00 1024 1048 1184 1344 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync (48.4 kHz) [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Modeline "800x600"x60.3 40.00 800 840 968 1056 600 601 605 628 +hsync +vsync (37.9 kHz) [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Modeline "800x600"x56.2 36.00 800 824 896 1024 600 601 603 625 +hsync +vsync (35.2 kHz) [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Modeline "640x480"x59.9 25.18 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 -hsync -vsync (31.5 kHz) [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): EDID for output VGA1 [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): Manufacturer: BNQ Model: 771b Serial#: 6595 [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): Year: 2008 Week: 16 [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): EDID Version: 1.3 [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): Analog Display Input, Input Voltage Level: 0.700/0.700 V ... [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Modeline "640x480"x60.0 25.20 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 -hsync -vsync (31.5 kHz) [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Modeline "720x400"x70.1 28.32 720 738 846 900 400 412 414 449 -hsync +vsync (31.5 kHz) [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Output LVDS1 connected [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Output VGA1 connected [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Using exact sizes for initial modes [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Output LVDS1 using initial mode 1024x768 [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Output VGA1 using initial mode 1024x768 [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Using default gamma of (1.0, 1.0, 1.0) unless otherwise stated. ...

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  • How to get rid of a stubborn 'removed' device in mdadm

    - by T.J. Crowder
    One of my server's drives failed and so I removed the failed drive from all three relevant arrays, had the drive swapped out, and then added the new drive to the arrays. Two of the arrays worked perfectly. The third added the drive back as a spare, and there's an odd "removed" entry in the mdadm details. I tried both mdadm /dev/md2 --remove failed and mdadm /dev/md2 --remove detached as suggested here and here, neither of which complained, but neither of which had any effect, either. Does anyone know how I can get rid of that entry and get the drive added back properly? (Ideally without resyncing a third time, I've already had to do it twice and it takes hours. But if that's what it takes, that's what it takes.) The new drive is /dev/sda, the relevant partition is /dev/sda3. Here's the detail on the array: # mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 26 12:27:49 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Used Dev Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 12 17:48:53 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : 2fdbf68c:d572d905:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host blah) Events : 0.34665 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - spare /dev/sda3 If it's relevant, it's a 64-bit server. It normally runs Ubuntu, but right now I'm in the data centre's "rescue" OS, which is Debian 7 (wheezy). The "removed" entry was there the last time I was in Ubuntu (it won't, currently, boot from the disk), so I don't think that's not some Ubuntu/Debian conflict (and they are, of course, closely related). Update: Having done extensive tests with test devices on a local machine, I'm just plain getting anomalous behavior from mdadm with this array. For instance, with /dev/sda3 removed from the array again, I did this: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --force --raid-devices=1 And that got rid of the "removed" device, leaving me just with /dev/sdb3. Then I nuked /dev/sda3 (wrote a file system to it, so it didn't have the raid fs anymore), then: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=2 ...which gave me an array with /dev/sdb3 in slot 0 and "removed" in slot 1 as you'd expect. Then mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3 ...added it — as a spare again. (Another 3.5 hours down the drain.) So with the rebuilt spare in the array, given that mdadm's man page says RAID-DEVICES CHANGES ... When the number of devices is increased, any hot spares that are present will be activated immediately. ...I grew the array to three devices, to try to activate the "spare": mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=3 What did I get? Two "removed" devices, and the spare. And yet when I do this with a test array, I don't get this behavior. So I nuked /dev/sda3 again, used it to create a brand-new array, and am copying the data from the old array to the new one: rsync -r -t -v --exclude 'lost+found' --progress /mnt/oldarray/* /mnt/newarray This will, of course, take hours. Hopefully when I'm done, I can stop the old array entirely, nuke /dev/sdb3, and add it to the new array. Hopefully, it won't get added as a spare!

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  • RAID and Partitions, guidance Needed

    - by beauregarde
    Alright I have a Biostar TA790GX3A2+ Mobo 2x Seagate 750Gb Hard drive (with 2 different speeds) an X4 9750 A GeForce 9800GT and 2GB RAM Hardware Specs link text I want to configure my computer with partitions in various RAID arrays. The Partitions I know i want (disk letters are mostly for reference here) C: XP Boot D: XP Swap E: XP Run F: Games G: Data The Partitions I think I want (repeat caveat) H: small FAT for Win Legacy and DOS I: Linux J: Linux Swap K-?M?: Other Linux /whatever partitions N & O: Attic for D1 and D2 What I'd like to do, is have C: written on Disk 1 (D1),.. D: on D2,.. E: and F: striped on D1 & D2,.. G: mirrored or D1 & D2,.. I: on D2 (so i can just switch disc boot priority to open in Ubuntu),.. J: on D1,.. and H: somewhere low on D1 I am inexperienced with VMs, so i am unsure as to whether those run out of XP, or whether i need to reserve a primary partition for them. However, I think they would be preferable for testing new OS's to scheduling a partition for the same purpose. I'm also not married to XP, but -64 IS pretty important to me. QUestion Time 1) Ignoring the irrationality of it all, is such a configuration possible? If not, can some pseudo-approximation be achieved? 2) My RAID is software, isnt it? 3) How much should I short a 750GB HD? And should i use that space for my attics, or for my attics and something else, or for something else (.iso's perhaps?)? 4) if XP is striped on D1 & D2, will that interfere egregiously with my Swap writes on D2? If so, would striping both XP and Swap relieve (or at least mitigate) that issue? Should XP and Swap just be written normally on 2 different HDs? 5) Should I keep DL's and Drivers on E: (XP Run), F: (Games), or elsewhere? 6) Is 4GB enough for C:? 7) Is 30GB enough (or too much) for E:? 8) How much to reserve for the Linux and sub-Linux partitions? Also, where on the platter do you think i should put them? 9) Am I a fool to use FAT16 instead of FAT32 for H: because I'd rather run 95 than 98SE? If not, do you think 2GB or 4GB? 10) I cant predict what my Max Commit Charge will be, so recommendations for Pagefile size? 5GB? 12GB? 11) VMs, where do I run them? do they exacerbate anything? Would it be better to just emulate Linux, 95, and DOS? EC) What havent I considered that I really should? Notes: computer is mostly for playing games and watching media, though I wouldnt rule out the use of particularly blah-intensive anything.

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  • Kernel panic when bringing up DRBD resource

    - by sc.
    I'm trying to set up two machines synchonizing with DRBD. The storage is setup as follows: PV - LVM - DRBD - CLVM - GFS2. DRBD is set up in dual primary mode. The first server is set up and running fine in primary mode. The drives on the first server have data on them. I've set up the second server and I'm trying to bring up the DRBD resources. I created all the base LVM's to match the first server. After initializing the resources with `` drbdadm create-md storage I'm bringing up the resources by issuing drbdadm up storage After issuing that command, I get a kernel panic and the server reboots in 30 seconds. Here's a screen capture. My configuration is as follows: OS: CentOS 6 uname -a Linux host.structuralcomponents.net 2.6.32-279.5.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Aug 24 01:07:11 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux rpm -qa | grep drbd kmod-drbd84-8.4.1-2.el6.elrepo.x86_64 drbd84-utils-8.4.1-2.el6.elrepo.x86_64 cat /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf global { usage-count yes; # minor-count dialog-refresh disable-ip-verification } common { handlers { pri-on-incon-degr "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-on-incon-degr.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f"; pri-lost-after-sb "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-lost-after-sb.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f"; local-io-error "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-io-error.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-shutdown.sh; echo o /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f"; # fence-peer "/usr/lib/drbd/crm-fence-peer.sh"; # split-brain "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-split-brain.sh root"; # out-of-sync "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-out-of-sync.sh root"; # before-resync-target "/usr/lib/drbd/snapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh -p 15 -- -c 16k"; # after-resync-target /usr/lib/drbd/unsnapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh; } startup { # wfc-timeout degr-wfc-timeout outdated-wfc-timeout wait-after-sb become-primary-on both; wfc-timeout 30; degr-wfc-timeout 10; outdated-wfc-timeout 10; } options { # cpu-mask on-no-data-accessible } disk { # size max-bio-bvecs on-io-error fencing disk-barrier disk-flushes # disk-drain md-flushes resync-rate resync-after al-extents # c-plan-ahead c-delay-target c-fill-target c-max-rate # c-min-rate disk-timeout } net { # protocol timeout max-epoch-size max-buffers unplug-watermark # connect-int ping-int sndbuf-size rcvbuf-size ko-count # allow-two-primaries cram-hmac-alg shared-secret after-sb-0pri # after-sb-1pri after-sb-2pri always-asbp rr-conflict # ping-timeout data-integrity-alg tcp-cork on-congestion # congestion-fill congestion-extents csums-alg verify-alg # use-rle protocol C; allow-two-primaries yes; after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes; after-sb-1pri discard-secondary; after-sb-2pri disconnect; } } cat /etc/drbd.d/storage.res resource storage { device /dev/drbd0; meta-disk internal; on host.structuralcomponents.net { address 10.10.1.120:7788; disk /dev/vg_storage/lv_storage; } on host2.structuralcomponents.net { address 10.10.1.121:7788; disk /dev/vg_storage/lv_storage; } /var/log/messages is not logging anything about the crash. I've been trying to find a cause of this but I've come up with nothing. Can anyone help me out? Thanks.

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  • Why the server is not responding?

    - by par
    Hello! Our server occasionally refuses to serve a simple HTML page. This is happening during a relatively high number of requests. However, the processor is not heavy loaded and there are a lot of free memory. The error seems to occure 1 out of 50 requests in average, depending on the server load. I need to find the source of the problem and take the appropriate actions to eliminate it. I have a suspicion that the problem source is a huge number of incoming network packets. There are 5000 packets per second on average. Traffic - 2 MBits/sec Can this be the cause of the error? There is an interesting thing, in case the server fails to respond, the request string is not logged to access.log by Apache. The error is repeatable from several client computers. DNS is not involved, since I have accessed the server by the IP. I have profiled the problem case with tcpdump utility. These are the good and bad sessions traced by tcpdump. The request is the same in both experiments. Good - server returns response. Bad - no response, time-out error. ---- Bad ---- 12:23:36.366292 IP 123.45.67.890.61749 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: S 2125316338:2125316338(0) win 8192 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 2,nop,nop,sackOK> 12:23:39.362394 IP 123.45.67.890.61749 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: S 2125316338:2125316338(0) win 8192 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 2,nop,nop,sackOK> 12:23:45.365567 IP 123.45.67.890.61749 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: S 2125316338:2125316338(0) win 8192 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> -------- ---- Good ---- 12:27:07.632229 IP 123.45.67.890.63914 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: S 3581365570:3581365570(0) win 8192 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 2,nop,nop,sackOK> 12:27:10.620946 IP 123.45.67.890.63914 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: S 3581365570:3581365570(0) win 8192 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 2,nop,nop,sackOK> 12:27:10.620969 IP myserver.superbservers.com.www > 123.45.67.890.63914: S 2654770980:2654770980(0) ack 3581365571 win 5840 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 6> 12:27:10.838747 IP 123.45.67.890.63914 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: . ack 1 win 4380 12:27:10.957143 IP 123.45.67.890.63914 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: P 1:213(212) ack 1 win 4380 12:27:10.957152 IP myserver.superbservers.com.www > 123.45.67.890.63914: . ack 213 win 108 12:27:10.965543 IP myserver.superbservers.com.www > 123.45.67.890.63914: P 1:630(629) ack 213 win 108 12:27:10.965621 IP myserver.superbservers.com.www > 123.45.67.890.63914: F 630:630(0) ack 213 win 108 12:27:11.183540 IP 123.45.67.890.63914 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: . ack 631 win 4222 12:27:11.185657 IP 123.45.67.890.63914 > myserver.superbservers.com.www: F 213:213(0) ack 631 win 4222 12:27:11.185663 IP myserver.superbservers.com.www > 123.45.67.890.63914: . ack 214 win 108 -------- Hoster: SuperbHosting OS: Ubuntu Server parameters: E6300 CONROE 1.86GHZ 2 X 1MB CACHE 1066 1GB DDR2 667MHZ This is a link to apache configuration file we use http://repkin5.snow.prohosting.com/apache.txt This is server-status report taken right after time-out error. http://repkin5.snow.prohosting.com/server-status.htm There are only 10 Child Servers running out of 120, so enough space for new requests. VMSTAT procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 8900 725900 8468 65684 0 0 5 18 11 33 4 3 92 1

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  • Vagrant (Virtualbox) host-only multiple node networking issue

    - by Lorin Hochstein
    I'm trying to use a multi-VM vagrant environment as a testbed for deploying OpenStack, and I've run into a networking problem with trying to communicate from one VM, to a VM-inside-of-a-VM. I have two Vagrant nodes, a cloud controller node and a compute node. I'm using host-only networking. My Vagrantfile looks like this: Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box = "precise64" config.vm.define :controller do |controller_config| controller_config.vm.network :hostonly, "192.168.206.130" # eth1 controller_config.vm.network :hostonly, "192.168.100.130" # eth2 controller_config.vm.host_name = "controller" end config.vm.define :compute1 do |compute1_config| compute1_config.vm.network :hostonly, "192.168.206.131" # eth1 compute1_config.vm.network :hostonly, "192.168.100.131" # eth2 compute1_config.vm.host_name = "compute1" compute1_config.vm.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", 1024] end end When I try to start up a (QEMU-based) VM, it boots successfully on compute1, and its virtual nic (vnet0) is connected via a bridge, br100: root@compute1:~# brctl show 100 bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br100 8000.08002798c6ef no eth2 vnet0 When the QEMU VM makes a request to the DHCP server (dnsmasq) running on controller, I can see the request reaches the controller because of the output on the syslog on the controller: Aug 6 02:34:56 precise64 dnsmasq-dhcp[12042]: DHCPDISCOVER(br100) fa:16:3e:07:98:11 Aug 6 02:34:56 precise64 dnsmasq-dhcp[12042]: DHCPOFFER(br100) 192.168.100.2 fa:16:3e:07:98:11 However, the DHCPOFFER never makes it back to the VM running on compute1. If I watch the requests using tcpdump on the vboxnet3 interface on my host machine that runs Vagrant (Mac OS X), I can see both the requests and the replies $ sudo tcpdump -i vboxnet3 -n port 67 or port 68 tcpdump: WARNING: vboxnet3: That device doesn't support promiscuous mode (BIOCPROMISC: Operation not supported on socket) tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on vboxnet3, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 22:51:20.694040 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 22:51:20.694057 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 22:51:20.696047 IP 192.168.100.1.67 > 192.168.100.2.68: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 311 22:51:23.700845 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 22:51:23.700876 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 22:51:23.701591 IP 192.168.100.1.67 > 192.168.100.2.68: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 311 22:51:26.705978 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 22:51:26.705995 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 22:51:26.706527 IP 192.168.100.1.67 > 192.168.100.2.68: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 311 But, if I tcpdump on eth2 on compute, I only see the requests, not the replies: root@compute1:~# tcpdump -i eth2 -n port 67 or port 68 tcpdump: WARNING: eth2: no IPv4 address assigned tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth2, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 02:51:20.240672 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 02:51:23.249758 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 02:51:26.258281 IP 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:07:98:11, length 280 At this point, I'm stuck. I'm not sure why the DHCP replies aren't making it to the compute node. Perhaps it has something to do with the configuration of the VirtualBox virtual switch/router? Note that eth2 interfaces on both nodes have been set to promiscuous mode.

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  • Linux not buffering block I/O when the device is not "in use" (i.e. mounted)

    - by Radek Hladík
    I am installing new server and I've found an interesting issue. The server is running Fedora 19 (3.11.7-200.fc19.x86_64 kernel) and is supposed to host a few KVM/Qemu virtual servers (mail server, file server, etc..). The HW is Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz with 16GB RAM. One of the most important features will be Samba server and we have decided to make it as virtual machine with almost direct access to the disks. So the real HDD is cached on SSD (via bcache) then raided with md and the final device is exported into the virtual machine via virtio. The virtual machine is again Fedora 19 with the same kernel. One important topic to find out is whether the virtualization layer will not introduce high overload into disk I/Os. So far I've been able to get up to 180MB/s in VM and up to 220MB/s on real HW (on the SSD disk). I am still not sure why the overhead is so big but it is more than the network can handle so I do not care so much. The interesting thing is that I've found that the disk reads are not buffered in the VM unless I create and mount FS on the disk or I use the disks somehow. Simply put: Lets do dd to read disk for the first time (the /dev/vdd is an old Raptor disk 70MB/s is its real speed): [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 36.8038 s, 71.2 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Rereading the data shows that they are cached somewhere but not in buffers of the VM. Also the speed increased to "only" 500MB/s. The VM has 4GB of RAM (more that the test file) [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.16016 s, 508 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.05727 s, 518 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Now lets mount the FS on /dev/vdd and try the dd again: [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdd /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 4.68578 s, 559 MB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 1.50504 s, 1.7 GB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB While the first read was the same, all 2.6GB got buffered and the next read was at 1.7GB/s. And when I unmount the device: [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers Buffers: 14452 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.10499 s, 514 MB/s Buffers: 14468 kB The bcache was disabled while testing and the results are same on faster (newer) HDDs and on SSD (except for the initial read speed of course). To sum it up. When I read from the device via dd first time, it gets read from the disk. Next time I reread it gets cached in the host but not in the guest (thats actually the same issue, more on that later). When I mount the filesystem but try to read the device directly it gets cached in VM (via buffers). As soon as I stop "using" it, buffers are discarded and the device is not cached anymore in the VM. When I looked into buffers value on the host I realized that the situation is the same. The block I/O gets buffered only when the disk is in use, in this case it means "exported to a VM". On host, after all the measurement done: 3165552 buffers On the host, after the VM shutdown: 119176 buffers I know it is not important as the disks will be mounted all the time but I am curious and I would like to know why it is working like this.

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  • Ubuntu 10.04: OpenVZ Kernel and pure-ftpd issues on HOST (no guest setup yet)

    - by Seidr
    After compiling and installing the OpenVZ flavour of kernel under Ubuntu 10.04, I am unable to browse to certain directories when connecting to the pure-ftpd server. The clients are dropping into PASSIVE mode, which is fine. This behaviour was happening before the change of kernel, however now when I browse to certain directories the connection just gets dropped. This only happens with a few directories under one login (web in specific), where as with another login it happens as soon as I connect. I've got the nf_conntrack_ftp kernel module installed (required to keep track of passive FTP connections as I understand, and an alias of the ip_conntrack_ftp module), however this has provided no alleviation of my problem. This module was actually required upon initial setup of my OS to get passive FTP working correctly, however when I compiled the OpenVZ kernel a lot of these modules were missing (iptables, conntrack etc). I recompiled the kernel with the missing modules, but to no effect. I've turned verbosity for the pure-ftpd server up, and still no clues have been spotted in either syslog or the transfer log. Neither did an strace provide any clues (that I could discern anyway) - although one strange thing is both in the output to the client and in the strace I notice that it does infact probe the directory and return the number of matches - it just fails after that. One more thing to mention is that if I FTP using the same credentials locally, everything works fine. This suggests that it is in fact an issue with either the conntrack_ftp module not functioning as expected, or a deeper networking issue. The Kernel was compiled and installed following the instructions at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OpenVZ - bar the changes to the Kernel configuration (such as add iptables as a module). Below is an example of the log sent to the data (under FileZilla). Status: Resolving address of xxxx.co.uk Status: Connecting to 78.46.xxx.xxx:21... Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message... Response: 220---------- Welcome to Pure-FTPd [privsep] [TLS] ---------- Response: 220-You are user number 4 of 10 allowed. Response: 220-Local time is now 08:52. Server port: 21. Response: 220-This is a private system - No anonymous login Response: 220-IPv6 connections are also welcome on this server. Response: 220 You will be disconnected after 15 minutes of inactivity. Command: USER xxx Response: 331 User xxx OK. Password required Command: PASS ******** Response: 230-User xxx has group access to: client1 sshusers Response: 230 OK. Current restricted directory is / Command: OPTS UTF8 ON Response: 200 OK, UTF-8 enabled Status: Connected Status: Retrieving directory listing... Command: PWD Response: 257 "/" is your current location Status: Directory listing successful Status: Retrieving directory listing... Command: CWD /web Response: 250 OK. Current directory is /web Command: TYPE I Response: 200 TYPE is now 8-bit binary Command: PORT 10,0,2,30,14,143 Response: 500 I won't open a connection to 10.0.2.30 (only to 188.220.xxx.xxx) Command: PASV Response: 227 Entering Passive Mode (78,46,79,147,234,110) Command: MLSD Response: 150 Accepted data connection Response: 226-ASCII Response: 226-Options: -a -l Response: 226 57 matches total Error: Could not read from transfer socket: ECONNRESET - Connection reset by peer Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing Any suggestions please? I'm willing to try anything!

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  • Linux bcm43224 wifi adapter slows down a couple minutes after boot

    - by Blubber
    I just installed Ubuntu on my mid 2012 MacBook Air. Everything worked out of the box, but the wifi is showing some weird behavior. When I first login it's really fast, loading google.com is near instant, and browsing in general feels at least as smooth as it did on Mac OS. However, after a couple minutes the connection slows down dramatically, sometimes it takes over 5s to load google.com, a simple reboot fixes the problem for another couple minutes. Specs: Wifi: 02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n (rev 01) Driver: open-source brcmsmac driver Kernel: Linux wega 3.8.0-21-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 14 22:16:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distro: Ubuntu 13.04 (uptodate) I tried a number of things, none of which actually helped Use proprietary sta driver from broadcom Installed firmware into /lib/firmware/brcms (which, as far as I can tell from logs, does not get loaded at all) Switch router to only use 2.4 OR 5 GHz Set router to only use a OR g OR n Set router to use AES encryption only Turned off power management on the adapter Set regulatory region to the correct value (NL) on both router and laptop Disable ipv6 Nothing seems to help, the slowdown always occurs. I did notice that the latency (ping google.com) stays roughly the same (around 9ms). Below is some more information that might be of use. $ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n [14e4:4353] (rev 01) Subsystem: Apple Inc. Device [106b:00e9] Kernel driver in use: bcma-pci-bridge $ rfkill list 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no $ lsmod Module Size Used by dm_crypt 22820 1 arc4 12615 2 brcmsmac 550698 0 coretemp 13355 0 kvm_intel 132891 0 parport_pc 28152 0 kvm 443165 1 kvm_intel ppdev 17073 0 cordic 12574 1 brcmsmac brcmutil 14755 1 brcmsmac mac80211 606457 1 brcmsmac cfg80211 510937 2 brcmsmac,mac80211 bnep 18036 2 rfcomm 42641 12 joydev 17377 0 applesmc 19353 0 input_polldev 13896 1 applesmc snd_hda_codec_hdmi 36913 1 microcode 22881 0 snd_hda_codec_cirrus 23829 1 nls_iso8859_1 12713 1 uvcvideo 80847 0 btusb 22474 0 snd_hda_intel 39619 3 videobuf2_vmalloc 13056 1 uvcvideo snd_hda_codec 136453 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_cirrus bcm5974 17347 0 bluetooth 228619 22 bnep,btusb,rfcomm snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec lpc_ich 17061 0 videobuf2_memops 13202 1 videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_core 40513 1 uvcvideo videodev 129260 2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core bcma 41051 1 brcmsmac snd_pcm 97451 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi 30180 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61554 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi snd_timer 29425 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd 68876 16 snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_cirrus mei 41158 0 soundcore 12680 1 snd apple_bl 13673 0 mac_hid 13205 0 lp 17759 0 parport 46345 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc usb_storage 57204 0 hid_apple 13237 0 hid_generic 12540 0 ghash_clmulni_intel 13259 0 aesni_intel 55399 399 aes_x86_64 17255 1 aesni_intel xts 12885 1 aesni_intel lrw 13257 1 aesni_intel gf128mul 14951 2 lrw,xts ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel cryptd 20373 4 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper i915 600351 3 ahci 25731 3 libahci 31364 1 ahci video 19390 1 i915 i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 i915 drm_kms_helper 49394 1 i915 usbhid 47074 0 drm 286313 4 i915,drm_kms_helper hid 101002 3 hid_generic,usbhid,hid_apple $ dmesg | egrep 'b43|bcma|brcm|[F]irm' [ 0.055025] [Firmware Bug]: ioapic 2 has no mapping iommu, interrupt remapping will be disabled [ 0.152336] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored [ 2.187681] pci_root PNP0A08:00: [Firmware Info]: MMCONFIG for domain 0000 [bus 00-99] only partially covers this bridge [ 12.553600] bcma-pci-bridge 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) [ 12.553657] bcma: bus0: Found chip with id 0xA8D8, rev 0x01 and package 0x08 [ 12.553688] bcma: bus0: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x800, rev 0x22, class 0x0) [ 12.553715] bcma: bus0: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x812, rev 0x17, class 0x0) [ 12.553764] bcma: bus0: Core 2 found: PCIe (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x820, rev 0x0F, class 0x0) [ 12.605777] bcma: bus0: Bus registered [ 12.852925] brcmsmac bcma0:0: mfg 4bf core 812 rev 23 class 0 irq 17 [ 13.085176] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement) [ 13.085186] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_config: change power-save mode: false (implement) [ 20.862617] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcmsmac: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: associated [ 20.862622] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 0 (implement) [ 20.862625] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: true (implement) [ 20.897957] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 1 (implement) $ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:"wlan" Mode:Managed Frequency:5.22 GHz Access Point: E0:46:9A:4E:63:9A Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=17 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=63/70 Signal level=-47 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:13 Invalid misc:56 Missed beacon:0

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  • Performance Tuning a High-Load Apache Server

    - by futureal
    I am looking to understand some server performance problems I am seeing with a (for us) heavily loaded web server. The environment is as follows: Debian Lenny (all stable packages + patched to security updates) Apache 2.2.9 PHP 5.2.6 Amazon EC2 large instance The behavior we're seeing is that the web typically feels responsive, but with a slight delay to begin handling a request -- sometimes a fraction of a second, sometimes 2-3 seconds in our peak usage times. The actual load on the server is being reported as very high -- often 10.xx or 20.xx as reported by top. Further, running other things on the server during these times (even vi) is very slow, so the load is definitely up there. Oddly enough Apache remains very responsive, other than that initial delay. We have Apache configured as follows, using prefork: StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 And KeepAlive as: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 Looking at the server-status page, even at these times of heavy load we are rarely hitting the client cap, usually serving between 80-100 requests and many of those in the keepalive state. That tells me to rule out the initial request slowness as "waiting for a handler" but I may be wrong. Amazon's CloudWatch monitoring tells me that even when our OS is reporting a load of 15, our instance CPU utilization is between 75-80%. Example output from top: top - 15:47:06 up 31 days, 1:38, 8 users, load average: 11.46, 7.10, 6.56 Tasks: 221 total, 28 running, 193 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 66.9%us, 22.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 2.6%id, 3.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.7%si, 4.5%st Mem: 7871900k total, 7850624k used, 21276k free, 68728k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3750664k cached The majority of the processes look like: 24720 www-data 15 0 202m 26m 4412 S 9 0.3 0:02.97 apache2 24530 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4544 S 7 0.5 0:03.05 apache2 24846 www-data 15 0 209m 33m 4420 S 7 0.4 0:01.03 apache2 24083 www-data 15 0 211m 35m 4484 S 7 0.5 0:07.14 apache2 24615 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4404 S 7 0.5 0:02.89 apache2 Example output from vmstat at the same time as the above: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 8 0 0 215084 68908 3774864 0 0 154 228 5 7 32 12 42 9 6 21 0 198948 68936 3775740 0 0 676 2363 4022 1047 56 16 9 15 23 0 0 169460 68936 3776356 0 0 432 1372 3762 835 76 21 0 0 23 1 0 140412 68936 3776648 0 0 280 0 3157 827 70 25 0 0 20 1 0 115892 68936 3776792 0 0 188 8 2802 532 68 24 0 0 6 1 0 133368 68936 3777780 0 0 752 71 3501 878 67 29 0 1 0 1 0 146656 68944 3778064 0 0 308 2052 3312 850 38 17 19 24 2 0 0 202104 68952 3778140 0 0 28 90 2617 700 44 13 33 5 9 0 0 188960 68956 3778200 0 0 8 0 2226 475 59 17 6 2 3 0 0 166364 68956 3778252 0 0 0 21 2288 386 65 19 1 0 And finally, output from Apache's server-status: Server uptime: 31 days 2 hours 18 minutes 31 seconds Total accesses: 60102946 - Total Traffic: 974.5 GB CPU Usage: u209.62 s75.19 cu0 cs0 - .0106% CPU load 22.4 requests/sec - 380.3 kB/second - 17.0 kB/request 107 requests currently being processed, 6 idle workers C.KKKW..KWWKKWKW.KKKCKK..KKK.KKKK.KK._WK.K.K.KKKKK.K.R.KK..C.C.K K.C.K..WK_K..KKW_CK.WK..W.KKKWKCKCKW.W_KKKKK.KKWKKKW._KKK.CKK... KK_KWKKKWKCKCWKK.KKKCK.......................................... ................................................................ From my limited experience I draw the following conclusions/questions: We may be allowing far too many KeepAlive requests I do see some time spent waiting for IO in the vmstat although not consistently and not a lot (I think?) so I am not sure this is a big concern or not, I am less experienced with vmstat Also in vmstat, I see in some iterations a number of processes waiting to be served, which is what I am attributing the initial page load delay on our web server to, possibly erroneously We serve a mixture of static content (75% or higher) and script content, and the script content is often fairly processor intensive, so finding the right balance between the two is important; long term we want to move statics elsewhere to optimize both servers but our software is not ready for that today I am happy to provide additional information if anybody has any ideas, the other note is that this is a high-availability production installation so I am wary of making tweak after tweak, and is why I haven't played with things like the KeepAlive value myself yet.

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  • VirtualBox - Public Static IP for a Debian Guest on a Dedicated Server

    - by user86296
    Goal: I want to run a Debian-squeeze-Guest in VirtualBox and it's own public static ip. I found tons of threads about this topic, but all in all I'm now trying for 10 hours (reading the manual, the forums, trying to learn about networking concepts & commands) to give a Guest his own public static ip (so that the Guest is similar to a vServer you can order from a hosting company), but wasn't able to. Since I'm a big noob as far as networking stuff is concerned, I'm probably doing something wrong.(please bear with me :-) ) Situation: VirtualBox 4.0.10 (headless no gui) is running on a dedicated Debian-Server, the Guest OS is Debian as well. The server has a static ip and I ordered an additional ip for a VM. Problem description: Upto now I was able to use NAT to access the VM from the outside and to setup an internal network between several Guests and all of this worked very well. When setting NIC 1 to bridged and configuring a public static ip on the guest, the guest was unpingable. (neither from outside, nor from the host) I could connect to the guest via the internal network, from another vm, though. ( VBoxManage controlvm VMGuest nic1 bridged eth0 ) ( configuration attempt of static-ip on the guest '/etc/network/interfaces' is below) Please let me know what I'm doing wrong, or what I can try to get it to work, or if you need more info. I think I've read that with a current VirtualBox-version for bridged networking no special host-configuration is necessary, is that accurate, or might that be the problem? Additional Info Info I got from the hosting company about the additional IP Please note that you can use the IP address only for this server. IP: 46.4.xx.xx Gateway: 46.4.xx.xx Mask: 255.255.255.248 VBoxManage showvminfo VMGuest |less ... NIC 1: MAC: 080027D72F7B, Attachment: Bridged Interface 'eth0', Cable connected: on, Trace: off (file: none), Type: 82540EM, Reported speed: 0 Mbps, Boot priority: 0 NIC 2: MAC: 080027B03B75, Attachment: Internal Network 'InternalNet1', Cable connected: on, Trace: off (file: none), Type: Am79C973, Reported speed: 0 Mbps, Boot priority: 0 NIC 3: disabled (...rest is disabled) cat /etc/network/interfaces on the Host-machine # Loopback device: auto lo iface lo inet loopback # device: eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 46.4.xx.xx broadcast 46.4.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 46.4.xx.xx post-up mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0 # default route to access subnet up route add -net 46.4.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 46.4.xx.xx eth0 cat /etc/network/interfaces on the Guest-VM # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface allow-hotplug eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 46.4.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 46.4.xx.xx auto eth1 iface eth1 inet dhcp ifconfig -a on the Guest shows the correct static ip for eth0 but the Guest is unreachable "over eth0" eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:d7:2f:7b inet addr:46.4.xx.xx Bcast:46.4.xx.xx Mask:255.255.255.248 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fed7:2f7b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:21 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:69 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1260 (1.2 KiB) TX bytes:3114 (3.0 KiB) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:b0:3b:75 inet addr:192.168.10.3 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:feb0:3b75/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:142 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:92 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:15962 (15.5 KiB) TX bytes:14540 (14.1 KiB) Interrupt:16 Base address:0xd240 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:123 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:123 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:25156 (24.5 KiB) TX bytes:25156 (24.5 KiB)

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  • Cisco VPNClient from Mac won't connect using iPhone Tethering

    - by Dan Short
    I just set up iPhone tethering from my Snow Leopard Macbook Pro to my iPhone 3GS with the Datapro 4GB plan from AT&T. When attempting to connect to my corporate VPN from the MacBook Pro with Cisco VPNClient 4.9.01 (0100) I get the following log information: Cisco Systems VPN Client Version 4.9.01 (0100) Copyright (C) 1998-2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Client Type(s): Mac OS X Running on: Darwin 10.6.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.6.0: Wed Nov 10 18:13:17 PST 2010; root:xnu-1504.9.26~3/RELEASE_I386 i386 Config file directory: /etc/opt/cisco-vpnclient 1 13:02:50.791 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x43100002 Begin connection process 2 13:02:50.791 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400011 Error -28 sending packet. Dst Addr: 0x0AD337FF, Src Addr: 0x0AD33702 (DRVIFACE:1158). 3 13:02:50.791 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400011 Error -28 sending packet. Dst Addr: 0x0A2581FF, Src Addr: 0x0A258102 (DRVIFACE:1158). 4 13:02:50.792 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x43100004 Establish secure connection using Ethernet 5 13:02:50.792 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x43100024 Attempt connection with server "209.235.253.115" 6 13:02:50.792 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CVPND/0x43400019 Privilege Separation: binding to port: (500). 7 13:02:50.793 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CVPND/0x43400019 Privilege Separation: binding to port: (4500). 8 13:02:50.793 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/6 IKE/0x4300003B Attempting to establish a connection with 209.235.253.115. 9 13:02:51.293 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 10 13:02:51.894 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 11 13:02:52.495 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 12 13:02:53.096 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 13 13:02:53.698 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 14 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 15 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x43000075 Unable to acquire local IP address after 5 attempts (over 5 seconds), probably due to network socket failure. 16 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 IKE/0xC300009A Failed to set up connection data 17 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x4310001C Unable to contact server "209.235.253.115" 18 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/5 CM/0x43100025 Initializing CVPNDrv 19 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CVPND/0x4340001F Privilege Separation: restoring MTU on primary interface. 20 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x43000001 IKE received signal to terminate VPN connection 21 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700008 IPSec driver successfully started 22 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700014 Deleted all keys 23 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x4370000D Key(s) deleted by Interface (192.168.0.171) 24 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700014 Deleted all keys 25 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700014 Deleted all keys 26 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700014 Deleted all keys 27 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x4370000A IPSec driver successfully stopped The key line is 15: 15 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x43000075 Unable to acquire local IP address after 5 attempts (over 5 seconds), probably due to network socket failure. I can't find anything online about this. I found a single entry for the error message in Google, and it was a swedish (or some other nordic language site) that didn't have an answer to the question. I've tried connecting through both USB and Bluetooth tethering to the iPhone, and they both return the exact same results. I don't have direct control over the firewall, but if changes are necessary to make it work, I may be able to get the powers-that-be to make adjustments. A solution that doesn't require reconfiguring the firewall would be far better of course... Does anyone know what I can do to make this behave? Thanks, Dan

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  • 2 drives, slow software RAID1 (md)

    - by bart613
    Hello, I've got a server from hetzner.de (EQ4) with 2* SAMSUNG HD753LJ drives (750G 32MB cache). OS is CentOS 5 (x86_64). Drives are combined together into two RAID1 partitions: /dev/md0 which is 512MB big and has only /boot partitions /dev/md1 which is over 700GB big and is one big LVM which hosts other partitions Now, I've been running some benchmarks and it seems like even though exactly the same drives, speed differs a bit on each of them. # hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 25612 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12860.70 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 352 MB in 3.01 seconds = 116.80 MB/sec # hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 25524 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12815.99 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 342 MB in 3.01 seconds = 113.64 MB/sec Also, when I run eg. pgbench which is stressing IO quite heavily, I can see following from iostat output: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sdb 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.60 0.00 9692.80 18.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 4.80 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.00 0.00 9688.00 18.31 24.51 49.91 1.81 95.92 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sdb 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 30.19 56.92 2.05 99.04 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sdb 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 28.77 62.15 1.96 99.00 And this is completely getting me confused. How come two exactly the same specced drives have such a difference in write speed (see util%)? I haven't really paid attention to those speeds before, so perhaps that something normal -- if someone could confirm I would be really grateful. Otherwise, if someone have seen such behavior again or knows what is causing such behavior I would really appreciate answer. I'll also add that both "smartctl -a" and "hdparm -I" output are exactly the same and are not indicating any hardware problems. The slower drive was changed already two times (to new ones). Also I asked to change the drives with places, and then sda were slower and sdb quicker (so the slow one was the same drive). SATA cables were changed two times already.

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  • Is Apache 2.2.22 able to sustain 1.000 simultaneous connected clients?

    - by Fnux
    For an article in a news paper, I'm benchmarking 5 different web servers (Apache2, Cherokee, Lighttpd, Monkey and Nginx). The tests made consist of measuring the execution times as well as different parameters such as the number of request served per second, the amount of RAM, the CPU used, during a growing load of simultaneous clients (from 1 to 1.000 with a step of 10) each client sending 1.000.000 requets of a small fixed file, then of a medium fixed file, then a small dynamic content (hello.php) and finally a complex dynamic content (the computation of the reimbursment of a loan). All the web servers are able to sustain such a load (up to 1.000 clients) but Apache2 which always stops to respond when the test reach 450 to 500 simultaneous clients. My configuration is : CPU: AMD FX 8150 8 cores @ 4.2 GHz RAM: 32 Gb. SSD: 2 x Crucial 240 Gb SATA6 OS: Ubuntu 12.04.3 64 bit WS: Apache 2.2.22 My Apache2 configuration is as follows: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf LockFile ${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/accept.lock PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} Timeout 30 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 1000000 KeepAliveTimeout 2 ServerName "fnux.net" <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 16 MinSpareServers 16 MaxSpareServers 16 ServerLimit 2048 MaxClients 1024 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} AccessFileName .htaccess <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> DefaultType None HostnameLookups Off ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel emerg Include mods-enabled/*.load Include mods-enabled/*.conf Include httpd.conf Include ports.conf LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent Include conf.d/ Include sites-enabled/ /etc/apache2/ports.conf NameVirtualHost *:8180 Listen 8180 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> /etc/apache2/mods-available <IfModule mod_fastcgi.c> AddHandler php5-fcgi .php Action php5-fcgi /cgi-bin/php5.external <Location "/cgi-bin/php5.external"> Order Deny,Allow Deny from All Allow from env=REDIRECT_STATUS </Location> </IfModule> /etc/apache2/sites-available/default <VirtualHost *:8180> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www/apache2 <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel emerg ##### CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> <IfModule mod_fastcgi.c> AddHandler php5-fcgi .php Action php5-fcgi /php5-fcgi Alias /php5-fcgi /usr/lib/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi FastCgiExternalServer /usr/lib/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi -host 127.0.0.1:9000 -pass-header Authorization </IfModule> </VirtualHost> /etc/security/limits.conf * soft nofile 1000000 * hard nofile 1000000 So, I would trully appreciate your advice to setup Apache2 to make it able to sustain 1.000 simultaneous clients, if this is even possible. TIA for your help. Cheers.

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  • Strange enduser experience with Liferay, Glassfish and Apache on RedHat

    - by Pete Helgren
    Tried multiple forums to get to the bottom of this. I hope I can get some direction here: Here is the stack I am working with: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.6 (Tikanga) Liferay 6.0.6 on Glassfish 3.0.1 MySQL 5.0.77 Apache 2.2.3 The Liferay portal provides a variety of portlets to end users. Static content (web pages), static resources (primarily pdf and mp3 files 1mb - 80mb in size), File upload and download capabilities (primarily 40-60mb mp3 files) and online streaming of those MP3 files. Here is the strange end user experiences: Under normal load: (20-30) users uploading, downloading or streaming files and 20-30 accessing static content (some of it downloads), we see the following: 1) Clicking a link triggers the download of a portion of an MP3 (the portion is a few seconds long). 2) Clicking on a link tiggers the download of the page content rather than rendering. 3) Clicking a link causes the page to dump binary data to the end user rather than the expected content. 4) Clicking a link returns the text of a javascript file rather than rendering the page. Each occurrence is totally random (or appears so). Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't. It seems to have no relation to browser or client OS. The strange events seem to occur much more frequently when using an SSL connection rather than regular http. Apache serves as a proxy server only (reverse). It basically passes all the requests through to Glassfish. There isn't any static content proxy served by Apache. We rebuilt the entire stack from scratch and redeployed the portlet wars and still have the same issues. Liferay is running as a single server (not clustered). We disabled mod_cache in Apache. The problems are more frequent as the server load grows. This morning the load is pretty light and we are seeing few problems but the use of the site will grow, particularly tonight around 9pm CST through Wednesday morning. You could try the site (http://preview.bsfinternational.org) during those times and I would expect that you might experience one of the weirdnesses as you randomly click links on the site (https is invoked only when signed in). Again, https seems to exacerbate the issue. This seems very much like a caching issue but I don't know where in the stack to start peeling the onion. Apache? Liferay? Glassfish? MySQL? Maybe even Redhat? We are stumped and most forums we have posted to (LifeRay and Glassfish) have returned very few suggestions. I just need an idea of where to start looking. I understand that we could have a portlet EDIT: Opening the files in a Hex editor that appear to be pages that download rather than render, we see that the first 4000 characters are "junk" and then the "HTTP/1.1 ...." 'normal' header is seen. So something is dumping a jumble of characters up to offset 4000 (when viewing it in a Hex editor). Perhaps a clue? Ideas?

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