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• How Do Computers Work? [closed]

  - by Rob P.

  This is almost embarrassing ask...I have a degree in Computer Science (and a second one in progress). I've worked as a full-time .NET Developer for nearly five years. I generally seem competent at what I do. But I Don't Know How Computers Work! Please, bare with me for a second. A quick Google of 'How a Computer Works' will yield lots and lots of results, but I struggled to find one that really answered what I'm looking for. I realize this is a huge, huge question, so really, if you can just give me some keywords or some direction. I know there are components....the power supply, the motherboard, ram, CPU, etc...and I get the 'general idea' of what they do. But I really don't understand how you go from a line of code like Console.Readline() in .NET (or Java or C++) and have it actually do stuff. Sure, I'm vaguely aware of MSIL (in the case of .NET), and that some magic happens with the JIT compiler and it turns into native code (I think). I'm told Java is similar, and C++ cuts out the middle step. I've done some mainframe assembly, it was a few years back now. I remember there were some instructions and some CPU registers, and I wrote code....and then some magic happened....and my program would work (or crash). From what I understand, an 'Emulator' would simulate what happens when you call an instruction and it would update the CPU registers; but what makes those instructions work the way they do? Does this turn into an Electronics question and not a 'Computer' question? I'm guessing there isn't any practical reason for me to understand this, but I feel like I should be able to. (Yes, this is what happens when you spend a day with a small child. It takes them about 10 minutes and five iterations of asking 'Why?' for you to realize how much you don't know)

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• SharePoint 2007 Enabling Incoming Email Error

  - by Cherie Riesberg

  Symptom: When configuring incoming e-mail, the e-mails come through just fine if the server name is in the e-mail address: [email protected] but when you change it to a vanity name [email protected], the message is bounced back and you get this error: Delivery has failed to these recipients or distribution lists: [email protected] Your message wasn't delivered because of security policies. Microsoft Exchange will not try to redeliver this  message for you.    Please provide the following diagnostic text to your system administrator. The following organization rejected your message: servername01.fqdn.com.   Problem: The SharePoint server relay rejects the message because it doesn't recognize the name.  You have set it up in Exchange, but you need to set up an alias in the SMTP service on the SharePoint server;   Solution: Configure an Alias Domain An alias domain is an alias of the default domain. You can set up alias domains that use the same settings as the default domain. Messages that are received by the SMTP Service for an alias domain are placed in the Drop folder that is designated for the default domain. To configure an alias domain, follow these steps: Start IIS Manager or open the IIS snap-in. Expand Server_name, where Server_name is the name of the server, and then expand the SMTP virtual server that you want (for example, Default SMTP Virtual Server). Right-click Domains, point to New, and then click Domain. The New SMTP Domain Wizard starts. Click Alias, and then click Next. Type a name for the alias domain in the Name box, and then click Finish. Quit IIS Manager or close the IIS snap-in.

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• Adding Exchange Multi Tenant to an existing Exchange Network

  - by TiernanO

  I currently have an Exchange 2010 SP1 server in house, and due to some changes, it looks like i will need Multi Tenant support for a few extra domain names. Looking at the documentation i have found so far, it only mentions multi tenant support when upgrading from 2010 RTM - SP1, and not what you do if you have already got 2010 SP1 installed. So, from what i can gather, i have a few options: Install a new Exchange server with Multi Tenant support and migrate DBs over Back everything up and start again Something else... Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated... Thanks.

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• what to use instead of laptop-mode?

  - by playcat

  hello, i have ubuntu 10.10 64bit on hp 6735s (turion processor). it overheats, and i'm forced to use turion power control in order to keep core temperature to a reasonable level. one more measure that i use is putting my processors to conservative mode. that way, i'm perfectly happy with its performance, and heat is where it should be. however, after my latest upgrade, something happened - cores are back to ondemand by default, and i'm not sure if turionpowercontrol is working any more (ps axu | grep urion shows no process). in addition, i read somewhere that laptop-mode uses hdd spindown for preserving data/energy, and that hdds have only a limited amount of those spindowns, so laptop-mode usage can actually shorten the life of my hdd. i'm wondering if there is a good way to set my cores to automatically go to conservative mode? also, what's the good way to see what is the voltage my cores use? on windows i use cpuz tools. thx and sorry for the long explanation.

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• Partition falsly recognized as RAW

  - by Paul Hiemstra

  On my 2 TB data disk I have two primary partitions, one of 1.6 TB for data storage in Linux (ext3) and one of 300 GB for some additional data storage for Windows. I run a dual-boot Windows 7/Ubuntu 12.04 install. The issue I have that if I start my computer into Windows 7, bot the partitions on my 2TB data drive are not recognized. In stead, Windows 7 sees one 1TB partition with type RAW. However, if I reboot to Linux, and then back to Windows 7, the partitions are correctly recognized. The following two screenshots illustrate my situation. Before I reboot to linux: and after the reboot: I have two questions: What could cause this behavior? How can I solve this issue.

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• Cheap ways to do scaling ops in shader?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  I've got an extensive world terrain that uses vec3 for the vertex position attribute. That's good, because the terrain has endless gradations due to the use of floating point. But I'm thinking about how to reduce the amount of data uploaded to the GPU. For my terrain, which uses discrete / grid-based vertex positions in x and z, it's pretty clear that I can replace my vec3s (floats, really) with shorts, halving the per-vertex position attribute cost from 12 bytes each to 6 bytes. Considering I've got little enough other vertex data, and an enormous amount of terrain data to push into the world, it's a major gain. Currently in my code, one unit in GLSL shaders is equal to 1m in the world. I like that scale. If I move over to using shorts, though, I won't be able to use the same scale, as I would then have a very blocky world where every step in height is an entire metre. So I see these potential solutions to scale the positional data correctly once it arrives at the vertex shader stage: Use 10:1 scaling, i.e. 1 short unit = 1 decimetre in CPU-side code. Do a division by 10 in the vertex shader to scale incoming decimetre values back to metres. Arbirary (non-PoT) divisions tend to be slow, however. Use (some-power-of-two):1 scaling (eg. 8:1), which enables the use of a bitshift (eg. val >> 3) to do the division... not sure how performant this is in shaders, though. Not as intuitive to read values, but possibly quite a bit faster than div by a non-PoT value. Use a texture as lookup table. I've heard that this is really fast. Or whatever solutions others can offer to achieve the same results -- minimal vertex data with sensible scaling.

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• Managing MS Exchange server-side email rules on Mac OS X?

  - by Doug Harris

  Has anybody found an easy way to manage server-side rules from Mac OS X? Here's a brief list of what I know doesn't work: Entourage 2008 - it supports client rules, but not server rules. No good, there are certain actions that should happen before I open my laptop or check my email on my iPhone. Apple Mail - same as Entourage, but at least I don't get as frustrated since, unlike Entourage, this isn't a Microsoft product. Web mail (aka Outlook Web Access) - perhaps you can manage rule in the fancy version which Exchange serves to IE, but not with the browsers available on a Mac. I manage this now by launching a VMWare virtual machine running Windows XP and Outlook. I don't count that as an easy way. Update, post release of Office 2011 Does MS Outlook 2011 have the ability to manage server-side rules? Update, post installation of Office 2011 No. Outlook 2011 doesn't have this ability. I've already removed my account from Outlook and switched back to Apple Mail and iCal

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• Is there a convenient method to pull files from a server in an SSH session?

  - by tel

  I often SSH into a cluster node for work and after processing want to pull several results back to my local machine for analysis. Typically, to do this I use a local shell to scp from the server, but this requires a lot of path manipulation. I'd prefer to use a syntax like interactive FTP and just 'pull' files from the server to my local pwd. Another possible solution might be to have some way to automatically set up my client computer as an ssh alias so that something like scp results home:~/results would work as expected. Is there any obscure SSH trick that'll do this for me? Working from grawity's answer, a complete solution in config files is something like local .ssh/config: Host ex HostName ssh.example.com RemoteForward 10101 localhost:22 ssh.example.com .ssh/config: Host home HostName localhost Port 10101 which lets me do commands exactly like scp results home: transferring the file results to my home machine.

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• Excel chart: How to reverse the X axis of time series data

  - by JohnnyLambada

  In Excel 2003, I have a time series from a financial report that goes something like this: 2007 2006 2005 Amount 300 200 100 I want to create a graph of the time series that looks something like this (please excuse the ugly ascii graph): 300| .x | ... 200| .x.. | ... 100| x |____________________ 0 2005 2006 2007 But intead of getting an upward sloping graph, excel wants to put my time series in reverse (the way it actually appears in the spreadsheet). Is there any way to make excel display the x axis in reverse of the way it normally does? I've tried manually reversing the range in the chart dialog (changing a range of B1:D3 to D3:B1), but excel just puts it back.

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• What could have caused a large traffic drop from Google in early May?

  - by Scott Schluer

  I have a website (www.equispot.com) that has been indexed for almost 2 years in Google. I managed to get myself on the first page (average position 6-8) on Google for my target keyword of "horses for sale" and held there pretty solidly for months. Suddenly, with no changes to the site, traffic from Google dropped like a rock in early May. I slowly fell in position until now I'm sitting at the bottom of page 4. I have never hired an SEO firm, have not used any "black hat" techniques that Google would have penalized me for in their May update, etc. I'm not familiar enough with SEO to know how to look at link profiles, etc. to tell if there's something wrong. I've run my site through a DNS checker and it came back with no errors. Google Webmaster Tools shows no messages or notices of any kind, just a drop in traffic. GWT also shows only 2 server errors and 1 404. Is there anyone who can tell me by quickly checking my domain if there's an obvious reason that my traffic would have fallen so far, something that I can fix?

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• Accessing a storage-side snapshot of a cluster-shared volume

  - by syneticon-dj

  From time to time I am in the situation where I need to get data back from storage-side snapshots of cluster shared volumes. I suppose I just never figured out a way to do it right, so I always needed to: expose the shadow copy as a separate LUN offline the original CSV in the cluster un-expose the LUN carrying the original CSV make sure my cluster nodes have detected the new LUN and no longer list the original one add the volume to the list of cluster volumes, promote it to be a CSV copy off the data I need undo steps 5. - 1. to revert to the original configuration This is quite tedious and requires downtime for the original volume. Is there a better way to do this without involving a separate host outside of the cluster?

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• Shoring up deficiencies in a "home grown" programmer?

  - by JohnP

  I started out by teaching myself BASIC on a Vic 20, and in college (mid 80's) I had Fortran, Pascal, limited C, machine and assembler (With a smattering of COBOL). I didn't touch programming from approx 1989 to 1999. At that point, I was lucky enough to get hired as a Clipper programmer. Took me about 6 months to learn most of it, and by now (13 yrs) I'm pretty expert in it. I have also picked up Cold Fusion, some C#, some ASP, SQL, etc. I know programming structures, but in most languages I'm missing the esoterics, and I know my code could be much tighter. The problem is that I've learned what I needed to, to get the job done. This results in a lot of gaps in practical knowledge. I am also missing out on a TON of theory. Things like SRP, Refactoring, etc are alien terms. (Although I grok the intent after a short read). In addition, I am in the position now of teaching junior programmers the company and our software, and I don't want to pass on the knowledge gaps. I know this is somewhat of a subjective question and may be closed, but how do you go back and pick up what you've missed?

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• Stop Windows 7 from installing critical updates

  - by Rico

  I have disabled Windows Update on Windows 7, but it still downloads and installs critical updates. As with Windows XP, these updates occasionally create problems. But in XP, once I disabled automatic updates, the OS did not override my settings and continue to download and install critical updates. After the most recent critical update to Windows 7, every time I boot up, the USB devices connected to a single port through 4-way hub don't install. I have to unplug the hub from the computer then plug it back in. Then the devices install. I can use System Recovery to solve the immediate problem, but I'd like to disable automatic updates entirely. Why does Windows 7 not respect my settings like Windows XP did?

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• Create a new domain with the same name of a trusted domain

  - by Russ

  I have a domain blah.com that was aquired a while back by my company foo.com. I set up a two way trust between the two domains, but now I want to move their servers into our forest, while keeping the domain name of blah.com. Is this possible? What things do I need to consider when doing this? I know I can't move the domain from its forest into our forest. blah.com is a 2003 native domain/forest foo.com is a 2008R2 domain/2003 forest.

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• Cannot umount device is busy

  - by user132199

  Situation I am running a RHEL server via a VM on my laptop. I have a win7 desktop sharing out a folder and the VM on my laptop running RHEL6 has a CIFS windows mount at \mnt\win When I go to unmount the device I get a device is busy message. So I went to my laptop and check to see if there were any users connected to the share, since it listed none I turned off sharing. I went back to my RHEL instance and attempted another umount \mnt\win but received the same error. Question What are other alternatives to unmounting a shared drive?

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• Manually forcing TCP connection to retry

  - by Vi.

  I have a TCP connection (SSH session to some computer for example) Network suddenly goes down and drops all packets (disconnected cable, out of range). TCP resends packets again and again, retrying with increasing delays. I see the problem and plug the cable back (or restore network somehow). TCP connection finally successfully resends some packet and continues. The problem is that I need to wait for a some timeout on point 5. I want to use my opened SSH session now and not wait for 5-10 seconds until it finds out that connection is working again. How to force all TCP connections to resend data without delays in GNU/Linux?

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• Data recovery after user profile corruption on Windows XP

  - by m68z8mi

  I'm away from home for college, and my computer back home has been having some issues. My dad took it to a computer store, and apparently the user profiles somehow got corrupted, so they're locked out of the computer. This is a Windows XP box, but I changed the default administrator account password, so that backdoor isn't a possibility. Now, that computer's HDD has a whole bunch of data on it which my dad would hate to lose, so I suggested that they take the HDD out, plug it into some other computer, and just copy all the data off that way (keeping in mind that the data itself wasn't encrypted). However, the computer store people said that wouldn't be possible unless they had the administrator account password (which I can't remember for the life of me), and that they'd either have to reformat and reinstall Windows, or else use some complicated sounding recovery process costing a decent amount of money. That sounds like complete BS to me, but I'm not 100% sure about it, so I thought I'd get some more opinions. Could someone more knowledgeable about this stuff suggest a good course of action to take?

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• Bad Performance With Games Under Wine in Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Pandem

  I'm somewhat new to Linux. I've dabbled with it before but never more than just experimentation in a VM or dual boot where I almost always reverted back to Windows soon after (more due to a lack of commitment than a dislike for the OS). Anyway my problem is that in the two games (Guild Wars and Team Fortress 2) I've tried so far I get fairly bad performance. Despite both games having a "Platinum" rating I've still been forced to run both in DirectX 8, otherwise they either crash, have texture defects or the UI is missing. By "bad performance" I mean sub-30 FPS where there are some players and regular large framerate drops with video settings on low. Currently in my mind I believe the performance issues are just a problem with the drivers because my graphics card is a AMD 7850 which is virtually brand new and probably not properly supported yet but I'm unsure and would appreciate advice or tips to improve things. I have Ubuntu 12.04 installed and I am usually logged in a Gnome Classic session. I have installed AMD's proprietary drivers (Catalyst version 12.4) and have Wine 1.4 installed. I have used Winetricks to install DX9/DX10 dlls and other things.

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• Is there any way to facilitate switching windows in Ubuntu?

  - by Ivan

  I'm just a student who received my laptop from my uncle, who's a coder, so I'm still getting used to working with ubuntu. I recently upgraded ubuntu from an earlier version, and everything seems to be pretty great. The only thing is that when I open a program, or file, or whatever, it takes up the whole screen. I can only close it by going to the far top left of my screen, or by ctrl+W. Anyways, I find it really hard to switch between programs. For example I really like to have my windows that are open to be accessible by clicking on their icon at the bottom of the screen... Great when writing or researching. Anyways, I really just want to find an easier way to switch windows. Also, I used to love the way I could cube-rotate my screen, and just drag files from one desktop to another, with compiz. Now, its sort of like flipping a coin when I switch windows, is there any way to get my desktop cube back? And yes, I have enabled all the old settings I used to use with compiz. Sorry if what I'm asking is very basic, I know how to use a computer, I'm just not really familiar with the interface! Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• Options not available anymore in my Samsung 932bw lcd

  - by Sávio Mendes

  I think a friend messed up something in my monitor. I left him playing a game and when i came back, i noticed that the brightness was very high. I tried to change it but i couldn't, brithness, contrast, color warm and a few other options are marked as "not available" (he probably adjusted the brightness and changed something else too, that it's causing this thing). I updated the monitor driver, the vcard driver, plugged the monitor in other pc (I'm connected through dvi, but in the other pc i plugged through rgb) but nothing fixed it. Is there someway to force reset all the options or something like that to fix this? (I'm running Win7 RC1 but I don't think that it has something to do with it, it was working perfectly until he messed it up, and the other pc where I plugged it, runs winxp and the problem occurs too. And it doens't look like a the monitor is broken, it works like it always did, just these options are marked "not available" now...)

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• Any programs for getting rid of .DS_Store files? [closed]

  - by mcandre

  Possible Duplicate: How to prevent Mac OS X creating .DS_Store files on non Mac (HFS) Volumes? I dual boot between Mac and Windows. When I browse my Windows partition with Finder, it drops little .DS_Store turds all over the folders. They show up when I boot back into Windows. Right now I've got one on my Desktop, sigh. Are there any (free) programs I can use to stop this from happening? I know, I know, there's a Finder setting to stop dropping .DS_Store files on network drives, but my local Windows partition is NOT a network drive.

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• automatically change the gnome-terminal "title" for the window

  - by tom

  Hi. Trying to change the title of a current gnome-terminal (similar to the "set title" that you can do manually") The system is running Fedora 9. The HowTo Xterm-Title discusses how to set the prompt, for an xterm. Tried to implement the escape sequences with no luck. (might be something weird..) Tried to use the gconftool to dump/change/load the changed conf attributes, and again, no luck. Also, set the PROMPT_COMMAND just in case the prompt command was somehow changing the title back (which is highly doubtful) Searching the 'net indicates that a few people have tried to solve this with no luck... I'd also like to figure out how to create a new gnome-terminal with a unique specified title... once this is solved, i'l gladly create a quick writeup/post onn how to accomplish this for others... thanks

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• Mac OSX DHCP Stopped Working [on hold]

  - by Jesse James Richard

  Tethering a Raspberry PI to a MacBook (Mavericks) via ethernet is proving to be a real pain. This worked for about a day. My MacBook required a rare reboot and once it came back up the Pi won't get an address. I've confirmed it's not a problem with the Pi. It's a problem with the MacBook for sure. It's basically just stopped giving out IPs. I've read as much as I've found about how to fix this friggin' problem, but I've thus far come up blank. Internet sharing Wi-fi Ethernet enabled, and/or Edited /etc/bootpd.plist as described here (http://www.jacquesf.com/2011/04/mac-os-x-dhcp-server/ - this worked initially and now no longer does) Pi connected directly to the router has no problems. My MacBook DHCP server will no longer give out addresses. Any help would be much appreciated.

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• how do I create a bidirectional bridge using iptables

  - by Kolzoi

  Setup: I have a samsung LCD TV that is connected via eth0 to a T41 Thinkpad running Ubuntu 10.10 which is wirelessly connected to the home router. I am trying to get Samsung's remote control app working on my iPad but the app won't allow me to put in an ip address and only discovers the tv if it's on the same subnet as the iPad (lame). So I need the laptop to route packets from eth0 to the wireless interface (wlan0), and I need about 3 ports on the wlan0 interface to be forwarded to the samsung tv. Hopefully all this makes sense. I've been messing around with iptables and samsung is now able to access internet via laptop wireless, but mapping from wlan0 back to the samsung tv is eluding me.

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• Slightly off topic - How to Fix Sky Go Error [t6013-c1501] (and [t6000-c1501])

  - by bconlon

  Sky doesn't seem to understand what their own errors mean, so I cobbled together an understanding from some other posts and managed to get it working.When you see the error [t6013-c1501] instead of your TV programme in Sky Go, it seems to mean:'You registered a device, but then changed the hardware, so now I'm confused!'In other words, the Digital rights management (DRM) used between Sky Go and Silverlight stored an old fingerprint of your PC, but rather than recognising this and allowing you to remove the device, it just disappears from the 'Manage Devices' page.DISCLAIMER: Perform the following steps at your own risk. It worked for me, but I didn't care if it broke stuff. If you care....don't do it!So, to fix this I did the following:1. Login to Sky Go and click 'Watch live TV' from the home page. It will attempt to show Sky News and fail with the error [t6013-c1501].2. Right click on the error and you should see the Menu option 'Silverlight'. Select this and a dialog should appear. Click the 'Application Storage' tab and delete any entry that relates to sky go. Clcik OK to close the dialog.3. Open explorer and navigate to the folder C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\PlayReady4. Rename the file mspr.hds to mspr.hds.OLD5. Go back to the browser and click F5. You may need to logout/login (not sure).Note: Don't rename/delete the folder C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\PlayReady or you will get the error [t6000-c1501]. The folder must exist in order for the new file to be created by Silverlight. Techie talk:So whoever wrote the code to create a new mspr.hds file didn't write code to check the folder existed causing what I assume is a generic error t6000, probably something like:catch (Exception ex) { WriteToLog("Oops, something broke!"); }#

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