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How to test an application for correct encoding (e.g. UTF-8)

- by Olaf

Encoding issues are among the one topic that have bitten me most often during development. Every platform insists on its own encoding, most likely some non-UTF-8 defaults are in the game. (I'm usually working on Linux, defaulting to UTF-8, my colleagues mostly work on german Windows, defaulting to ISO-8859-1 or some similar windows codepage) I believe, that UTF-8 is a suitable standard for developing an i18nable application. However, in my experience encoding bugs are usually discovered late (even though I'm located in Germany and we have some special characters that along with ISO-8859-1 provide some detectable differences). I believe that those developers with a completely non-ASCII character set (or those that know a language that uses such a character set) are getting a head start in providing test data. But there must be a way to ease this for the rest of us as well. What [technique|tool|incentive] are people here using? How do you get your co-developers to care for these issues? How do you test for compliance? Are those tests conducted manually or automatically? Adding one possible answer upfront: I've recently discovered fliptitle.com (they are providing an easy way to get weird characters written "u?op ?pisdn" *) and I'm planning on using them to provide easily verifiable UTF-8 character strings (as most of the characters used there are at some weird binary encoding position) but there surely must be more systematic tests, patterns or techniques for ensuring UTF-8 compatibility/usage. Note: Even though there's an accepted answer, I'd like to know of more techniques and patterns if there are some. Please add more answers if you have more ideas. And it has not been easy choosing only one answer for acceptance. I've chosen the regexp answer for the least expected angle to tackle the problem although there would be reasons to choose other answers as well. Too bad only one answer can be accepted. Thank you for your input. *) that's "upside down" written "upside down" for those that cannot see those characters due to font problems

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Updating extra attributes in a has_many, :through relationship using Rails

- by Robbie

I've managed to set up a many-to-many relationship between the following models Characters Skills PlayerSkills PlayerSkills, right now, has an attribute that Skills don't normally have: a level. The models look something like this (edited for conciseness): class PlayerSkill < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :character belongs_to :skill end class Skill < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :player_skills has_many :characters, :through => :player_skills attr_accessible :name, :description end class Character < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user has_many :player_skills has_many :skills, :through => :player_skills end So nothing too fancy in the models... The controller is also very basic at this point... it's pretty much a stock update action. The form I'm looking to modify is characters#edit. Right now it renders a series of checkboxes which add/remove skills from the characters. This is great, but the whole point of using has_many :through was to track a "level" as well. Here is what I have so far: - form_for @character do |f| = f.error_messages %p = f.label :name %br = f.text_field :name %p = f.label :race %br = f.text_field :race %p = f.label :char_class %br = f.text_field :char_class %p - @skills.each do |skill| = check_box_tag "character[skill_ids][]", skill.id, @character.skills.include?(skill) =h skill.name %br %p = f.submit After it renders "skill.name", I need it to print a text_field that updates player_skill. The problem, of course, is that player_skill may or may not exist! (Depending on if the box was already ticked when you loaded the form!) From everything I've read, has_many :through is great because it allows you to treat the relationship itself as an entity... but I'm completely at a loss as to how to handle the entity in this form. As always, thanks in advance for any and all help you can give me!

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Would it be possible to have a UTF-8-like encoding limited to 3 bytes per character?

- by dan04

UTF-8 requires 4 bytes to represent characters outside the BMP. That's not bad; it's no worse than UTF-16 or UTF-32. But it's not optimal (in terms of storage space). There are 13 bytes (C0-C1 and F5-FF) that are never used. And multi-byte sequences that are not used such as the ones corresponding to "overlong" encodings. If these had been available to encode characters, then more of them could have been represented by 2-byte or 3-byte sequences (of course, at the expense of making the implementation more complex). Would it be possible to represent all 1,114,112 Unicode code points by a UTF-8-like encoding with at most 3 bytes per character? If not, what is the maximum number of characters such an encoding could represent? By "UTF-8-like", I mean, at minimum: The bytes 0x00-0x7F are reserved for ASCII characters. Byte-oriented find / index functions work correctly. You can't find a false positive by starting in the middle of a character like you can in Shift-JIS.

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Space-saving character encoding for japanese?

- by Constantin

In my opinion a common problem: character encoding in combination with a bitmap-font. Most multi-language encodings have an huge space between different character types and even a lot of unused code points there. So if I want to use them I waste a lot of memory (not only for saving multi-byte text - i mean specially for spaces in my bitmap-font) - and VRAM is mostly really valuable... So the only reasonable thing seems to be: Using an custom mapping on my texture for i.e. UTF-8 characters (so that no space is waste). BUT: This effort seems to be same with use an own proprietary character encoding (so also own order of characters in my texture). In my specially case I got texture space for 4096 different characters and need characters to display latin languages as well as japanese (its a mess with utf-8 that only support generall cjk codepages). Had somebody ever a similiar problem (I really wonder, if not)? If theres already any approach? Edit: The same Problem is described here http://www.tonypottier.info/Unicode_And_Japanese_Kanji/ but it doesnt provide an real solution how to save these bitmapfont mappings to utf-8 space efficent. So any further help is welcome!

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Passing Binary Data to a Stored Procedure in SQL Server 2008

- by Joe Majewski

I'm trying to figure out a way to store files in a database. I know it's recommended to store files on the file system rather than the database, but the job I'm working on would highly prefer using the database to store these images (files). There are also some constraints. I'm not an admin user, and I have to make stored procedures to execute all the commands. This hasn't been of much difficulty so far, but I cannot for the life of me establish a way to store a file (image) in the database. When I try to use the BULK command, I get an error saying "You do not have permission to use the bulk load statement." The bulk utility seemed like the easy way to upload files to the database, but without permissions I have to figure a work-a-round. I decided to use an HTML form with a file upload input type and handle it with PHP. The PHP calls the stored procedure and passes in the contents of the file. The problem is that now it's saying that the max length of a parameter can only be 128 characters. Now I'm completely stuck. I don't have permissions to use the bulk command and it appears that the max length of a parameter that I can pass to the SP is 128 characters. I expected to run into problems because binary characters and ascii characters don't mix well together, but I'm at a dead end... Thanks

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PHP: What is an efficient way to parse a text file containing very long lines?

- by Shaun

I'm working on a parser in php which is designed to extract MySQL records out of a text file. A particular line might begin with a string corresponding to which table the records (rows) need to be inserted into, followed by the records themselves. The records are delimited by a backslash and the fields (columns) are separated by commas. For the sake of simplicity, let's assume that we have a table representing people in our database, with fields being First Name, Last Name, and Occupation. Thus, one line of the file might be as follows [People] = "\Han,Solo,Smuggler\Luke,Skywalker,Jedi..." Where the ellipses (...) could be additional people. One straightforward approach might be to use fgets() to extract a line from the file, and use preg_match() to extract the table name, records, and fields from that line. However, let's suppose that we have an awful lot of Star Wars characters to track. So many, in fact, that this line ends up being 200,000+ characters/bytes long. In such a case, taking the above approach to extract the database information seems a bit inefficient. You have to first read hundreds of thousands of characters into memory, then read back over those same characters to find regex matches. Is there a way, similar to the Java String next(String pattern) method of the Scanner class constructed using a file, that allows you to match patterns in-line while scanning through the file? The idea is that you don't have to scan through the same text twice (to read it from the file into a string, and then to match patterns) or store the text redundantly in memory (in both the file line string and the matched patterns). Would this even yield a significant increase in performance? It's hard to tell exactly what PHP or Java are doing behind the scenes.

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What is an elegant way to solve this max and min problem in Ruby or Python?

- by ????

The following can be done by step by step, somewhat clumsy way, but I wonder if there are elegant method to do it. There is a page: http://www.mariowiki.com/Mario_Kart_Wii, where there are 2 tables... there is Mario - 6 2 2 3 - - Luigi 2 6 - - - - - Diddy Kong - - 3 - 3 - 5 [...] The name "Mario", etc are the Mario Kart Wii character names. The numbers are for bonus points for: Speed Weight Acceleration Handling Drift Off-Road Mini-Turbo and then there is table 2 Standard Bike S 39 21 51 51 54 43 48 Out Bullet Bike 53 24 32 35 67 29 67 In Bubble Bike / Jet Bubble 48 27 40 40 45 35 37 In [...] These are also the characteristics for the Bike or Kart. I wonder what's the most elegant solution for finding all the maximum combinations of Speed, Weight, Acceleration, etc, and also for the minimum, either by directly using the HTML on that page or copy and pasting the numbers into a text file. Actually, in that character table, Mario to Bower Jr are all medium characters, Baby Mario to Dry Bones are small characters, and the rest are all big characters, except the small, medium, or large Mii are just as what the name says. Small characters can only ride small bike or small kart, and so forth for medium and large.

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Basic problems (type inference or something else?) in Objective-C/Cocoa.

- by Matt

Hi, Apologies for how basic these questions are to some. Just started learning Cocoa, working through Hillegass' book, and am trying to write my first program (a GUI Cocoa app that counts the number of characters in a string). I tried this: NSString *string = [textField stringValue]; NSUInteger *stringLength = [string length]; NSString *countString = (@"There are %u characters",stringLength); [label setStringValue:countString]; But I'm getting errors like: Incompatible pointer conversion initializing 'NSUInteger' (aka 'unsigned long'), expected 'NSUInteger *'[-pedantic] for the first line, and this for the second line: Incompatible pointer types initializing 'NSUInteger *', expected 'NSString *' [-pedantic] I did try this first, but it didn't work either: [label setStringValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"There are %u characters",[[textField stringValue] length]]] On a similar note, I've only written in easy scripting languages before now, and I'm not sure when I should be allocing/initing objects and when I shouldn't. For example, when is it okay to do this: NSString *myString = @"foo"; or int *length = 5; instead of this: NSString *myString = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:"foo"]; And which ones should I be putting into the header files? I did check Apple's documentation, and CocoaDev, and the book I'm working for but without luck. Maybe I'm looking in the wrong places.. Thanks to anyone who takes the time to reply this: it's appreciated, and thanks for being patient with a beginner. We all start somewhere. EDIT Okay, I tried the following again: [label setStringValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"There are %u characters",[[textField stringValue] length]]] And it actually worked this time. Not sure why it didn't the first time, though I think I might have typed %d instead of %u by mistake. However I still don't understand why the code I posted at the top of my original post doesn't work, and I have no idea what the errors mean, and I'd very much like to know because it seems like I'm missing something important there.

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Error occurs while validating form input using jQuery in Firebug

- by Param-Ganak

I have written a custom validation code in jQuery, which is working fine. I have a login form which has two fields, i.e. userid and password. I have written a custom code for client side validation for these fields. This code is working fine and gives me proper error messages as per the situation. But the problem with this code is that when I enter the invalid data in any or both field and press submit button of form then it displays the proper error message but at the same time when I checked it in Firebug it displays following error message when submit button of the form is clicked validate is not defined function onclick(event) { javascript: return validate(); } (click clientX=473, clientY=273) Here is the JQUERY validation code $(document).ready(function (){ $("#id_login_form").validate({ rules: { userid: { required: true, minlength: 6, maxlength: 20, // basic: true }, password: { required: true, minlength: 6, maxlength: 15, // basic: true } }, messages: { userid: { required: " Please enter the username.", minlength: "User Name should be minimum 6 characters long.", maxlength: "User Name should be maximum 15 characters long.", // basic: "working here" }, password: { required: " Please enter the password.", minlength: "Password should be minimum 6 characters long.", maxlength: "Password should be maximum 15 characters long.", // basic: "working here too.", } }, errorClass: "errortext", errorLabelContainer: "#messagebox" } }); }); /* $.validator.addMethod('username_alphanum', function (value) { return /^(?![0-9]+$)[a-zA-Z 0-9_.]+$/.test(value); }, 'User name should be alphabetic or Alphanumeric and may contain . and _.'); $.validator.addMethod('alphanum', function (value) { return /^(?![a-zA-Z]+$)(?![0-9]+$)[a-zA-Z 0-9]+$/.test(value); }, 'Password should be Alphanumeric.'); $.validator.addMethod('basic', function (value) { return /^[a-zA-Z 0-9_.]+$/.test(value); }, 'working working working'); */ So please tell me where is I am wrong in my jQuery code. Thank You!

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RewriteRule to store thousands of files in subdirectories

- by Brandon

I have a website that will have millions of pages in a directory. I'd like to store those files on-disk in a bunch of subdirectories based on the first characters of the page name. For example http://mysite.com/hugedir/somefile.html would be stored in /var/www/html/hugedir/s/o/m/e/f/ile.html That is fairly trivial to do with a RewriteRule like so: RewriteRule ^hugedir/(.)(.)(.)(.)(.)(.*).html /hugedir/{$1}/{$2}/{$3}/{$4}/{$5}/$6.html RewriteRule ^hugedir/(.)(.)(.)(.)(.*).html /hugedir/{$1}/{$2}/{$3}/{$4}/{$5}.html RewriteRule ^hugedir/(.)(.)(.)(.*).html /hugedir/{$1}/{$2}/{$3}/{$4}.html RewriteRule ^hugedir/(.)(.)(.*).html /hugedir/{$1}/{$2}/{$3}.html RewriteRule ^hugedir/(.)(.*).html /hugedir/{$1}/{$2}.html RewriteRule ^hugedir/(.*).html /hugedir/{$1}.html However, the file name may contain hyphens or other non-standard characters and I'd really like to avoid having a directory named with a strange character. Ideally, I'd like to have a list of 'approved' characters and either eliminate or transform the unapproved characters to an underscore. Can anybody think of a way to do that? Or something else equivalent? Part of the requirement is that these be physical files on disk and it not be parsed with a scripting language.

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stripping random number with substr problem

- by Jim

Using a random number to be included with another character. Then I want to strip out the random number and just leave the other character. I have this code that generates the random number (8 characters long) consistently. If you hit your refresh button multiple times, the “ID” field disappears even though the “Random Number” plus “ID” are still there. Not sure what is happening to the random number on refresh in the substr function. This is the code: // Begin Create Random ID Code ///////////////////////////////////////// function gRanStr1() { $length1 = 8; $characters = “0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”; for ($p = 0; $p < $length1; $p++) { $lcrs1 .= $characters[mt_rand(0, strlen($characters)-1)]; } $lcrs9 = str_replace(' ', '', $lcrs9); return $lcrs1; } // End Create Random ID Code ///////////////////////////////////////// // Begin Decode Random ID Code ///////////////////////////////////////// $TrkR99 = "c"; $ResHeadID = gRanStr1() . $TrkR99; $ResHeadID = preg_replace('/[\s]+/',' ',$ResHeadID); echo "”; echo $ResHeadID . ” = echo of Random Number plus ID“; for($i=0; $i if ($ResHeadID == "") { ""; } else { $ResHeadID = preg_replace('/[\s]+/',' ',$ResHeadID); $TrkRa1 = substr($ResHeadID, $Index1 + 8, 1); } $dTrkRes = $TrkRa1; echo $TrkRa1 . " = echo of ID after random number stripped.“; echo “”; // End Decode Random ID Code /////////////////////////////////////////

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japanese input display outside of TextField created into ScrollPane

- by soetheingilynn

hello... I'm new to ActionScript 2.0. plz kindly help me. I have created the MainMovieClip and Scrollbar as follow .... my problem is that when I input japanese characters,the characters display at the top corner of the swf until I confirm the input. how can I do it?? if I install FlashPlayer "flashplayer10_1_rc2_plugin_041910", then the japanese characters display in the textfield normally....why is that??? plz..help me. with flash player 10.0, I can't input the japanese characters in the textfield. var mcMain:MovieClip = this.createEmptyMovieClip("mcMain", this.getNextHighestDepth()); scrp.contentPath = "scrollMovieClip"; mcMain = scrp.content; var textholder:TextField = mcMain.createTextField("txt", mcMain.getNextHighestDepth(), 50, 50, 100, 50); mcMain.txt.setFocus(); mcMain.txt.type = "input"; mcMain.txt.wordWrap = true; mcMain.txt.multiline = true; mcMain.txt.background = true; mcMain.txt.border = true; mcMain.txt.selectable = true; thanks in advanced...anyone.

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escape exactly what in javascript

- by Emin

Hi all, Being a newbie in javascript I came to a situation where I need more information on escaping characters in a string. Basically I know that in order to escape " I need to replace it with \" but what I don't know is for which characters I need to escape a particular string for. Is there a list of these "characters to escape"? or is it any character that is not a-zA-Z0-9 ? In my situation, I don't have control over the content that is being displayed on my page. Users enter some text and save it. I then use a webservice to extract them from the database, build a json array of objects, then iterate the array when I need to display them. In this case, I have - naturally - no idea of what the text the user has entered and therefore for what characters I need to escape. I also use jQuery for this specific project (just in case it has a function I am not aware of, to do what I need) Providing examples would be appreciated but I also want to learn the theory and logic behind it. Hope someone can be of any help.

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xslt check for alpha numeric character

- by Newcoma

I want to check if a string contains only alphanumeric characters OR '.' This is my code. But it only works if $value matches $allowed-characters exactly. I use xslt 1.0. <xsl:template name="GetLastSegment"> <xsl:param name="value" /> <xsl:param name="separator" select="'.'" /> <xsl:variable name="allowed-characters">ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.</xsl:variable> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="contains($value, $allowed-characters)"> <xsl:call-template name="GetLastSegment"> <xsl:with-param name="value" select="substring-after($value, $separator)" /> <xsl:with-param name="separator" select="$separator" /> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <xsl:value-of select="$value" /> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:template>

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please help me to solve problem

- by davit-datuashvili

first of all this is not homework and nobody tag it as homewrok i did not understand this porblem can anybody explain me?this is not english problem it is just misunderstanding what problem say Consider the problem of neatly printing a paragraph on a printer. The input text is a sequence of n words of lengths l1 , l2 , . . . , ln , measured in characters. We want to print this paragraph neatly on a number of lines that hold a maximum of M characters each. Our criterion of “neatness” is as follows. If a given line contains words i through j , where i = j , and we leave exactly one space between words, the number of extra space characters at the end of the line is M - j + i -(k=i,k< j,k++) lk , which must be nonnegative so that the words fit on the line. We wish to minimize the sum, over all lines except the last, of the cubes of the numbers of extra space characters at the ends of lines. Give a dynamic-programming algorithm to print a paragraph of n words neatly on a printer. Analyze the running time and space requirements of your algorithm.

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Append to the end of a Char array in C++

- by Taylor Huston

Is there a command that can append one array of char onto another? Something that would theoretically work like this: //array1 has already been set to "The dog jumps " //array2 has already been set to "over the log" append(array2,array1); cout << array1; //would output "The dog jumps over the log"; This is a pretty easy function to make I would think, I am just surprised there isn't a built in command for it. *Edit I should have been more clear, I didn't mean changing the size of the array. If array1 was set to 50 characters, but was only using 10 of them, you would still have 40 characters to work with. I was thinking an automatic command that would essentially do: //assuming array1 has 10 characters but was declared with 25 and array2 has 5 characters int i=10; int z=0; do{ array1[i] = array2[z]; ++i; ++z; }while(array[z] != '\0'); I am pretty sure that syntax would work, or something similar.

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JavaScript Key Codes

- by Jonathan Wood

I'm working with a JavaScript routine I didn't write. It is called from a text box's onkeydown attribute to prevent unwanted keystrokes. The first argument is apparently not used. The second argument is a list of characters that should be allowed. function RestrictChars(evt, chars) { var key; var keychar; if (window.event) key = window.event.keyCode; else if (e) key = e.which; else return true; keychar = String.fromCharCode(key); if ((key == null) || (key == 0) || (key == 8) || (key == 9) || (key == 13) || (key == 27)) // Control key return true; else if (((chars).indexOf(keychar) > -1)) return true; else return false; } This seems to work for alpha-numeric characters. However, characters such as . and / cause this function to return false, even when these characters are included in the chars parameter. For example, if the . key is pressed, key is set to 190, and keychar gets set to the "3/4" character. Can anyone see how this was meant to work and/or why it doesn't? I don't know enough about JavaScript to see what it's trying to do.

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Counting substring, while loop

- by user1554786

public class SubstringCount { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter a word longer than 4 characters, and press q to quit"); int count = 0; while (scan.hasNextLine()) { System.out.println("Enter a word longer than 4 characters, and press q to quit"); String word = scan.next(); if (word.substring(0,4).equals("Stir")) { count++; System.out.println("Enter a word longer than 4 characters, and press q to quit"); scan.next(); } else if (word.equals("q")) { System.out.println("You have " + count + ("words with 'Stir' in them")); } else if (!word.substring(0,4).equals("Stir")) { System.out.println("Enter a word longer than 4 characters, and press q to quit"); scan.next(); } } } } Here I need to print how many words entered by the user contain the substring 'Stir.' However I'm not sure how to get this to work, or if I've done any of it right in the first place! Thanks for any help!

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Compression Program in C

- by Delandilon

I want to compress a series of characters. For example if i type Input : FFFFFBBBBBBBCCBBBAABBGGGGGSSS (27 x 8 bits = 216 bits) Output: F5B7C2B3A2B2G5S3 (14 x 8 bits = 112bits) So far this is what i have, i can count the number of Characters in the Array. But the most important task is to count them in the same sequence. I can't seem to figure that out :( Ive stared doing C just a few weeks back, i have knowledge on Array, pointers, ASCII value but in any case can't seem to count these characters in a sequence. Ive try a bit of everything. This approach is no good but it the closest i came to it. #include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> int main() { int charcnt=0,dotcnt=0,commacnt=0,blankcnt=0,i, countA, countB; char str[125]; printf("*****String Manipulations*****\n\n"); printf("Enter a string\n\n"); scanf("%[^'\n']s",str); printf("\n\nEntered String is \" %s \" \n",str); for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++) { // COUNTING EXCEPTION CHARS if(str[i]==' ') blankcnt++; if(str[i]=='.') dotcnt++; if(str[i]==',') commacnt++; if (str[i]=='A' || str[i]=='a') countA++; if (str[i]=='B' || str[i]=='b') countA++; } //PRINT RESULT OF COUNT charcnt=i; printf("\n\nTotal Characters : %d",charcnt); printf("\nTotal Blanks : %d",blankcnt); printf("\nTotal Full stops : %d",dotcnt); printf("\nTotal Commas : %d\n\n",commacnt); printf("A%d\n", countA); }

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How can a code editor effectively hint at code nesting level - without using indentation?

- by pgfearo

I've written an XML text editor that provides 2 view options for the same XML text, one indented (virtually), the other left-justified. The motivation for the left-justified view is to help users 'see' the whitespace characters they're using for indentation of plain-text or XPath code without interference from indentation that is an automated side-effect of the XML context. I want to provide visual clues (in the non-editable part of the editor) for the left-justified mode that will help the user, but without getting too elaborate. I tried just using connecting lines, but that seemed too busy. The best I've come up with so far is shown in a mocked up screenshot of the editor below, but I'm seeking better/simpler alternatives (that don't require too much code). [Edit] Taking the heatmap idea (from: @jimp) I get this and 3 alternatives - labelled a, b and c: The following section describes the accepted answer as a proposal, bringing together ideas from a number of other answers and comments. As this question is now community wiki, please feel free to update this. NestView The name for this idea which provides a visual method to improve the readability of nested code without using indentation. Contour Lines The name for the differently shaded lines within the NestView The image above shows the NestView used to help visualise an XML snippet. Though XML is used for this illustration, any other code syntax that uses nesting could have been used for this illustration. An Overview: The contour lines are shaded (as in a heatmap) to convey nesting level The contour lines are angled to show when a nesting level is being either opened or closed. A contour line links the start of a nesting level to the corresponding end. The combined width of contour lines give a visual impression of nesting level, in addition to the heatmap. The width of the NestView may be manually resizable, but should not change as the code changes. Contour lines can either be compressed or truncated to keep acheive this. Blank lines are sometimes used code to break up text into more digestable chunks. Such lines could trigger special behaviour in the NestView. For example the heatmap could be reset or a background color contour line used, or both. One or more contour lines associated with the currently selected code can be highlighted. The contour line associated with the selected code level would be emphasized the most, but other contour lines could also 'light up' in addition to help highlight the containing nested group Different behaviors (such as code folding or code selection) can be associated with clicking/double-clicking on a Contour Line. Different parts of a contour line (leading, middle or trailing edge) may have different dynamic behaviors associated. Tooltips can be shown on a mouse hover event over a contour line The NestView is updated continously as the code is edited. Where nesting is not well-balanced assumptions can be made where the nesting level should end, but the associated temporary contour lines must be highlighted in some way as a warning. Drag and drop behaviors of Contour Lines can be supported. Behaviour may vary according to the part of the contour line being dragged. Features commonly found in the left margin such as line numbering and colour highlighting for errors and change state could overlay the NestView. Additional Functionality The proposal addresses a range of additional issues - many are outside the scope of the original question, but a useful side-effect. Visually linking the start and end of a nested region The contour lines connect the start and end of each nested level Highlighting the context of the currently selected line As code is selected, the associated nest-level in the NestView can be highlighted Differentiating between code regions at the same nesting level In the case of XML different hues could be used for different namespaces. Programming languages (such as c#) support named regions that could be used in a similar way. Dividing areas within a nesting area into different visual blocks Extra lines are often inserted into code to aid readability. Such empty lines could be used to reset the saturation level of the NestView's contour lines. Multi-Column Code View Code without indentation makes the use of a multi-column view more effective because word-wrap or horizontal scrolling is less likely to be required. In this view, once code has reach the bottom of one column, it flows into the next one: Usage beyond merely providing a visual aid As proposed in the overview, the NestView could provide a range of editing and selection features which would be broadly in line with what is expected from a TreeView control. The key difference is that a typical TreeView node has 2 parts: an expander and the node icon. A NestView contour line can have as many as 3 parts: an opener (sloping), a connector (vertical) and a close (sloping). On Indentation The NestView presented alongside non-indented code complements, but is unlikely to replace, the conventional indented code view. It's likely that any solutions adopting a NestView, will provide a method to switch seamlessly between indented and non-indented code views without affecting any of the code text itself - including whitespace characters. One technique for the indented view would be 'Virtual Formatting' - where a dynamic left-margin is used in lieu of tab or space characters. The same nesting-level data used to dynamically render the NestView could also used for the more conventional-looking indented view. Printing Indentation will be important for the readability of printed code. Here, the absence of tab/space characters and a dynamic left-margin means that the text can wrap at the right-margin and still maintain the integrity of the indented view. Line numbers can be used as visual markers that indicate where code is word-wrapped and also the exact position of indentation: Screen Real-Estate: Flat Vs Indented Addressing the question of whether the NestView uses up valuable screen real-estate: Contour lines work well with a width the same as the code editor's character width. A NestView width of 12 character widths can therefore accommodate 12 levels of nesting before contour lines are truncated/compressed. If an indented view uses 3 character-widths for each nesting level then space is saved until nesting reaches 4 levels of nesting, after this nesting level the flat view has a space-saving advantage that increases with each nesting level. Note: A minimum indentation of 4 character widths is often recommended for code, however XML often manages with less. Also, Virtual Formatting permits less indentation to be used because there's no risk of alignment issues A comparison of the 2 views is shown below: Based on the above, its probably fair to conclude that view style choice will be based on factors other than screen real-estate. The one exception is where screen space is at a premium, for example on a Netbook/Tablet or when multiple code windows are open. In these cases, the resizable NestView would seem to be a clear winner. Use Cases Examples of real-world examples where NestView may be a useful option: Where screen real-estate is at a premium a. On devices such as tablets, notepads and smartphones b. When showing code on websites c. When multiple code windows need to be visible on the desktop simultaneously Where consistent whitespace indentation of text within code is a priority For reviewing deeply nested code. For example where sub-languages (e.g. Linq in C# or XPath in XSLT) might cause high levels of nesting. Accessibility Resizing and color options must be provided to aid those with visual impairments, and also to suit environmental conditions and personal preferences: Compatability of edited code with other systems A solution incorporating a NestView option should ideally be capable of stripping leading tab and space characters (identified as only having a formatting role) from imported code. Then, once stripped, the code could be rendered neatly in both the left-justified and indented views without change. For many users relying on systems such as merging and diff tools that are not whitespace-aware this will be a major concern (if not a complete show-stopper). Other Works: Visualisation of Overlapping Markup Published research by Wendell Piez, dated from 2004, addresses the issue of the visualisation of overlapping markup, specifically LMNL. This includes SVG graphics with significant similarities to the NestView proposal, as such, they are acknowledged here. The visual differences are clear in the images (below), the key functional distinction is that NestView is intended only for well-nested XML or code, whereas Wendell Piez's graphics are designed to represent overlapped nesting. The graphics above were reproduced - with kind permission - from http://www.piez.org Sources: Towards Hermenutic Markup Half-steps toward LMNL

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SpriteFont Exception, no such character?

- by Michal Bozydar Pawlowski

I have such spriteFont: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  <XnaContent xmlns:Graphics="Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Graphics"> <Asset Type="Graphics:FontDescription">  <FontName>Segoe UI</FontName>  <Size>20</Size>  <Spacing>0</Spacing>  <UseKerning>true</UseKerning>  <Style>Regular</Style>    <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>	</Start> <End>	</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start> </Start> <End>Ұ</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> It has the character regions (32-1200) And I get this exception: A first chance exception of type 'System.ArgumentException' occurred in Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.ni.dll The character '?' (0x0441) is not available in this SpriteFont. If applicable, adjust the font's start and end CharacterRegions to include this character. Parameter name: character Why? I'm drawing the string like this: spriteBatch.DrawString(font24, zasadyText, zasadyTextPos, kolorCzcionki1, -0.05f, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0.5f) I even changed the spriteFont to cyrillic: <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>	</Start> <End>	</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start> </Start> <End>ſ</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>А</Start> <End>ї</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> and it still doesn't work. I got the (0x441 = char) exception -- EDIT -- Ok, I got the solution. It was a letter mistake in language. I had this: if (jezyk == "ru_RU") { font14 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font14"); font24 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font24"); font12 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_czcionkaFloty"); font10 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font10"); font28 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font28"); font20 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font20"); } else { font14 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font14"); font24 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font24"); font12 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("czcionkaFloty"); font10 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font10"); font28 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font28"); font20 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font20"); } and there should be not "ru_RU" but "ru-RU" I have no idea. I changed the spriteFont to cyrillic: <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>	</Start> <End>	</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start> </Start> <End>ſ</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>А</Start> <End>ї</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> and it still doesn't work. I got the (0x441 = char) exception

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Overcoming the 1024 character limit with setx

- by Madhur Ahuja

I am trying to set environment variables using the setx command, such as follows setx PATH "f:\common tools\git\bin;f:\common tools\python\app;f:\common tools\python\app\scripts;f:\common tools\ruby\bin;f:\masm32\bin;F:\Borland\BCC55\Bin;%PATH%" However, I get the following error if the value is more then 1024 characters long: WARNING: The data being saved is truncated to 1024 characters. SUCCESS: Specified value was saved. But some of the paths in the end are not saved in variable, I guess due to character limit as the error suggests.

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Set filename character encoding in Putty's PSFTP

- by lacton

I am using PuTTY's command line utility psftp.exe to transfer files between a UTF8-configured linux server and a MS Windows PC. File names containing non ASCII characters (e.g., Japanese kana) are corrupted when using the 'ls' or 'get' commands of the psftp utility. I tried to create a saved session from putty.exe with the translation set to UTF8, and use that saved session from psftp.exe (i.e., open saved_session_with_UTF8_translation), but the filename characters were still corrupted. How can I configure psftp.exe so that it uses the right charset for the file names?

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Is quoted-printable enough to make a mail compliant with the line-length-restriction posed in RFC 2822?

- by Mnementh

In RFC 2822 (defining E-Mail) is defined, that no line SHOULD be longer than 78 chars (excluding CRLF) and MUST not longer than 998 characters. With quoted-printable longer lines will be broken into more lines, ending each with a '=' until the real linebreak is reached. Conforms a mail to the standard, if it contains lines longer than 78 (or 998) characters but is encoded with quoted-printable? There are arguments, that this isn't compliant, because the receiving mail-client has longer lines after decoding the quoted-printable message.

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How to enable utf-8 in xpdf outline pane and search

- by Thanos D. Papaïoannou

Xpdf version 3.02 downloaded from the Ubuntu repositories and run on Ubuntu 8.04.3 replaces greek utf-8 characters with blank characters in the outline pane, i.e. the bookmark pane, and in the search window. In particular, it is impossible to search for greek words in documents. Is there a way to enable utf-8 support in xpdf so that 1. and 2. above work properly? Thanks!

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