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  • Partitioning of Ubuntu server which will use OpenVZ and encrypted partitions (unlocked through SSH l

    - by DeletedAccount
    Hi, I'm about to install a server. Some context: My HDD is 1 TB and I have 2 GB RAM Ubuntu Server Lucid Lynx AMD 64 I will use OpenVZ and have most functionality separated into containers. To support disk quotas I need to use ext3 (not ext4) for the container partition. Each time I reboot the server I want to be forced to login through SSH and mount the encrypted partitions by typing my password (if someone steals the server, no critical data should be available). I want to have as much as possible encrypted. Yet I want to be able to login through SSH as I don't have a monitor or keyboard at the server. I am not sure how big I need my partitions to be. Being able to resize them later would be nice. I guess it implies using LVM? But the manual partition mount using SSH is also very important (in fact it's more important, if I have to pick one). How do you recommend that I partition the HDD? If I have daemons which needs the encrypted partitions, will they fail and can I just restart them after mounting the needed partitions?

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  • Getting windows virtio mounted/installed for KVM

    - by Swifty
    There might be an easy answer to this. I have exhausted my search on google for a solution. Here's my problem. I need to get Windows working on a KVM vps with virtualizor CP. As I get into windows installation in VNC, there's the mandatory driver installation requirement, as HDD is in virtio. There seems to be 2 solutions: 1. Mount the virtio iso (http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/virtio-win/latest/images/bin/) in the CD drive by unmounting Windows ISO and proceed with driver installation. 2. Create a secondary CD drive and mount the virtio iso there. Well, 1st step never seems to work. If I unload the Windows iso and load the virtio iso, it never reflects back in the VNC. Second step I have yet to be successfull. I try to create a second IDE CD ROM drive via virt-manager but the virtio (virtio-win-0.1-30.iso) iso is never listed in there, whereas i specially placed it in /var/lib/libvirt/images folder. Any suggestions on where I screwed up?

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  • How to fix a damaged/corrupted NTFS filesystem/partition without losing the data on it?

    - by Gareth
    I was going to install Fedora 15 along side my Windows 7 Starter on my Acer Apire One D255E and at some point during the resizing of the NTFS partition (the one with Windows on it) the setup failed. Now I cannot access this partition from any OS. When I tried to access it from a Fedora install running on a USB flashdrive I get this error: Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 12: Failed to read last sector (452534271): Invalid argument HINTS: Either the volume is a RAID/LDM but it wasn't setup yet, or it was not setup correctly (e.g. by not using mdadm --build ...), or a wrong device is tried to be mounted, or the partition table is corrupt (partition is smaller than NTFS), or the NTFS boot sector is corrupt (NTFS size is not valid). Failed to mount '/dev/sda5': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sda5' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around? It doesn't make a lot of sense to me but I was really hoping it would to someone and they can give me a way to restore the partition without losing everything on it (I have a lot of important notes from various classes on there)? Cheers.

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  • How can I recover my data from a damaged hard drive?

    - by krk
    a few days ago when I was working on windows my laptop was beaten on the side where the hard drive is located. As a result, it was damaged and I couldn't access the windows partition. I had to boot the linux one, which is working without any trouble. I have 2 partition formatted with ntfs, the one with windows on it, and the other one intended to store data. I mounted the windows partition from ubuntu and I could see all my files. But when I tried to mount the data partition it was impossible. It threw me an error, it couldn't recognize ntfs partition. I try to copy the damaged disk into an external hard drive using the command: dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb conv=noerror,sync The progress stopped at 60%. I was still unable to mount the data partition. Now I'm trying to backup my files using an utility called Photorec. The problem is that it is recovering my files in a disorderly way, it is all mixed up and I need my original directory structure, it will become an endless task to organize the files as they were before. Is there any way I can get my partition back?

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  • NFS server hangs after 3 minutes

    - by John P
    I have a VPS running Centos 6.3 with a fully updated NFS. When I mount the NFS directory from the client, everything works perfectly fine for approximately 3 minutes, then the client hangs attempting to see the directory. nfs-utils-1.2.3-26.el6.x86_64 service nfs status rpc.svcgssd is stopped rpc.mountd (pid 2544) is running... nfsd (pid 2609 2608 2607 2606 2605 2604 2603 2602) is running... rpc.rquotad (pid 2540) is running... cat /etc/exports /home/user XX.XX.XX.20(rw,async,no_root_squash) The client is running Centos 5.8. The directory is mounted using mount x.x.x.6:/home/user /mnt When everything is working, I get the following on the client: /usr/sbin/rpcinfo -p X.X.X.6 | grep mountd 100005 1 udp 892 mountd 100005 1 tcp 892 mountd 100005 2 udp 892 mountd 100005 2 tcp 892 mountd 100005 3 udp 892 mountd 100005 3 tcp 892 mountd When it stops working, rpcinfo just hangs on the client, however running the above command on the server does return data. There are no logs on the NFS Server side that would indicate an issue. On the client side, I see: cat /var/log/messages kernel: nfs: server X.X.X.6 not responding, still trying The client and server are plugged into the same switch, however they are on different networks. The server is a VPS while the client is a dedicated box. SELINUX is in permissive mode on both client and server, and I've turned iptables off on the server to make sure that was not causing an issue. Any ideas would be helpful - right now I'm having to restart NFS every two minutes in a cron job to keep it semi working. Thanks

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  • Adobe Coldfusion Railo OpenBD Apache Tomcat Multiple Sites

    - by chris hough
    Here's what I am trying to do, unless I am crazy: I am trying to use Tomcat with the multiple workers, so far I got OpenBD working, but having trouble with Railo, and will be tackling Adobe after. each engine deployed as a war separated by different workers I wanted to keep both the sites and engines inside my sites directory I have to remap the symlink for the WEB-INF when I switch engines = have not found a way around this my thought is to have everything separated into modules and I want to be able to execute both cfm and php code in a single site.  Ideally, it would be amazing if there would be a way to not have to remap the symlink as well. thoughts? can this be done? I am trying to mimic how this would be setup on a live server, not using eclipse for example. here is what I am working with so far: my apache workers.properties worker.list=openbd, openbdadmin, railo, railoadmin  worker.openbd.type=ajp13  worker.openbd.host=local.mydev.openbd  worker.openbd.port=8009 worker.openbdadmin.type=ajp13  worker.openbdadmin.host=local.admin.openbd worker.openbdadmin.port=8009   worker.railo.type=ajp13  worker.railo.host=local.mydev.railo  worker.railo.port=8009 worker.railoadmin.type=ajp13  worker.railoadmin.host=local.admin.railo worker.railoadmin.port=8009   my tomcat servers.xml < Host name="local.admin.openbd" appBase="/Users/[myusername]/Websites/coldfusion.engines"  unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false"        < Context path="" docBase="openbd/" reloadable="true" privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" anitJARLocking="false" allowLinking="true" < /Host        < Host name="local.admin.railo"   appBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines" unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false"        < Context path="" docBase="railo/"  reloadable="true" privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" anitJARLocking="false" allowLinking="true" < /Host < Host name="local.mydev.openbd"   appBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines" unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false" < Context path="" docBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/"  reloadable="true" privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" anitJARLocking="false" allowLinking="true"< /Context < /Host < Host name="local.mydev.railo"   appBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines"  unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false" < Context path="" docBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/"  reloadable="true" privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" anitJARLocking="false" allowLinking="true" < /Host my apache vhosts ServerName local.admin.openbd DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines/openBD/ #Mount OpenBD and tell it to only server cfml files JkMount /*.cfm openbdadmin ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_openbdadmin_error.log" ServerName local.admin.railo DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines/railo/ #Mount Railo and tell it to only server cfml files JkMount /*.cfm railoadmin ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_railoadmin_error.log" ServerName local.mydev DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_example_mydev_error.log" ServerName local.mydev.openbd DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot #Mount OpenBD and tell it to only server cfml files JkMount /*.cfm openbd ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_example_mydev_openbd_error.log" ServerName local.mydev.railo DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot JkMount /*.cfm railo ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_example_mydev_railo_error.log" my folder structure I am using websites/apache.logs/ websites/coldfusion.engines/ websites/coldfusion.engines/cfusion/ websites/coldfusion.engines/openBD/ websites/coldfusion.engines/railo/ websites/example.mydev/ websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/ websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/index.cfm   websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/index.htm   websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/index.php   error log output [Thu Aug 27 00:54:50.443 2009] [11279:2686719776] [info] init_jk::mod_jk.c (3183): mod_jk/1.2.28 initialized [Thu Aug 27 00:54:51.346 2009] [11280:2686719776] [info] init_jk::mod_jk.c (3183): mod_jk/1.2.28 initialized [Thu Aug 27 00:55:18.963 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (594): connect to 127.0.0.1:8009 failed (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:18.963 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (127.0.0.1:8009) (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:18.963 2009] [11284:2686719776] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (openbdadmin) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:18.963 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (openbdadmin) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=1) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (594): connect to 127.0.0.1:8009 failed (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (127.0.0.1:8009) (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (openbdadmin) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (openbdadmin) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=2) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [error] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2466): (openbdadmin) connecting to tomcat failed. [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] jk_handler::mod_jk.c (2615): Service error=-3 for worker=openbdadmin [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.377 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (594): connect to 127.0.0.1:8009 failed (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.377 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (127.0.0.1:8009) (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.377 2009] [11283:2686719776] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (railoadmin) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.377 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (railoadmin) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=1) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (594): connect to 127.0.0.1:8009 failed (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (127.0.0.1:8009) (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (railoadmin) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (railoadmin) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=2) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [error] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2466): (railoadmin) connecting to tomcat failed. [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] jk_handler::mod_jk.c (2615): Service error=-3 for worker=railoadmin

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  • Strategy for using snapshots to back up Ubuntu Linux server?

    - by MountainX
    I need some backup advice for my home file server. Here are the mount points, volume groups, logical volumes and used/total space of all the volumes on my Ubuntu 8.10 home file server. / vgA/lvRoot [7.5G/50G] /tmp vgB/lvTmp [195M/30G] /var vgB/lvVar [780M/30G] swap vgB/lvSwap [16.00 GB] /media1 vgC/lvMedia1 [400G/975G] /media2 vgC/lvMedia2 [75G/295G] /boot partition (no volume group) [95M/200M] /video partition (no volume group) [450G/950G] /backups vgD/lvBackupTarget [800G/925G] /home vgE/lvHome [85G/200G] I have just added a 2.0 TB external USB drive that I would like to use to backup everything. (It will be a close fit to get it all on one 2.0 TB drive. I actually have a 2nd external USB drive if needed.) I'd like to backup "/", var, /media1, media2 and /home. I'll deal with /boot and /video separately since they are not logical volumes. For all the logical volumes I'm anticipating taking snapshots and then copying those snapshots to the 2.0 TB external USB drive. I have never done a task like that before. If I do that, I could use the tutorial I found here: http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm_snapshots My questions are: What is the best overall strategy? Is it LVM snapshots, as I'm assuming? How should I prepare, subdivide and mount the 2.0 TB external USB drive? 2.a. Should I create one or more regular partitions or should I create a physical volume with one or more logical volumes? 2.b. Would it be advisable to extactly mirror the source pv/lv layout on the external drive, and if so, is this a good strategy? What's the best way to get the snapshots onto the external drive? dd? Even though this is a strategy question, feedback with actual commands is appreciated. I need step-by-step cookbook-style help because I don't do much server admin work. (Background: This is a home file server that I have rarely had to touch in about 2 years. It has done its job without much intervention. The really old PC that I used to back everything up recently failed, so I'm replacing that with the external USB drive(s) and I'd like to upgrade my backup strategy at the same time. Previously, I just copied stuff from /backups over to the other computer and that would not have made things very easy in a real restore situation. The /backups mount point contains backup copies of "most" of the important data on a file by file basis, but it does not contain copies of /boot, etc. BTW, the actual internal HDD that holds /backups is separate from the other storage devices.) EDIT: I'll propose a strategy... The idea came from a comment here: LVM mirroring VS RAID1 "LVM mirrors are for replication of a logical volume to a different physical volume. It's essentially meant to "move the data to a different disk". The mirror is then broken..." That would fit my requirements well. Here is an ideal situation: establish the LV mirror on the external drive break the link with the mirror create a (persistent) snapshot on the mirror after a week, resync the mirror with the original source and update the mirror break the link and create another snapshot on the mirror. Obviously, the mirror will be like a weekly full backup. And the snapshots on the mirror will represent earlier points in time. If this would work and if it would be time efficient, it would give a nice full & differential type backup on the external drive based on LVM. I have not heard of a strategy like this before. Will it work? Could it be scripted? Thoughts? EDIT 2: Creating Portable DiskSafes With LoopbackFS And LVM Snapshots This article seems intriguing: http://www.howtoforge.com/creating-portable-disksafes-with-loopbackfs-and-lvm-snapshots Unfortunately, I don't understand exactly how to map those ideas to the strategy I'm proposing above. I'm going to ask this last bit as a separate question. I will leave my original question in place because I still desire feedback on the overall best strategy. At this moment I'm assuming it is LVM mirroring in the style of "Creating Portable DiskSafes with LVM Snapshots" but that might be wrong.

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  • Adobe Coldfusion Railo OpenBD Apache Tomcat Multiple Sites

    - by chris hough
    Here's what I am trying to do, unless I am crazy: I am trying to use Tomcat with the multiple workers, so far I got OpenBD working, but having trouble with Railo, and will be tackling Adobe after. each engine deployed as a war separated by different workers I wanted to keep both the sites and engines inside my sites directory I have to remap the symlink for the WEB-INF when I switch engines = have not found a way around this my thought is to have everything separated into modules and I want to be able to execute both cfm and php code in a single site.  Ideally, it would be amazing if there would be a way to not have to remap the symlink as well. thoughts? can this be done? I am trying to mimic how this would be setup on a live server, not using eclipse for example. here is what I am working with so far: my apache workers.properties worker.list=openbd, openbdadmin, railo, railoadmin  worker.openbd.type=ajp13  worker.openbd.host=local.mydev.openbd  worker.openbd.port=8009 worker.openbdadmin.type=ajp13  worker.openbdadmin.host=local.admin.openbd worker.openbdadmin.port=8009   worker.railo.type=ajp13  worker.railo.host=local.mydev.railo  worker.railo.port=8009 worker.railoadmin.type=ajp13  worker.railoadmin.host=local.admin.railo worker.railoadmin.port=8009   my tomcat servers.xml < Host name="local.admin.openbd" appBase="/Users/[myusername]/Websites/coldfusion.engines"  unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false"        < Context path="" docBase="openbd/" reloadable="true" privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" anitJARLocking="false" allowLinking="true" < /Host        < Host name="local.admin.railo"   appBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines" unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false"        < Context path="" docBase="railo/"  reloadable="true" privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" anitJARLocking="false" allowLinking="true" < /Host < Host name="local.mydev.openbd"   appBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines" unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false" < Context path="" docBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/"  reloadable="true" privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" anitJARLocking="false" allowLinking="true"< /Context < /Host < Host name="local.mydev.railo"   appBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines"  unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false" < Context path="" docBase="/Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/"  reloadable="true" privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" anitJARLocking="false" allowLinking="true" < /Host my apache vhosts ServerName local.admin.openbd DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines/openBD/ #Mount OpenBD and tell it to only server cfml files JkMount /*.cfm openbdadmin ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_openbdadmin_error.log" ServerName local.admin.railo DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/coldfusion.engines/railo/ #Mount Railo and tell it to only server cfml files JkMount /*.cfm railoadmin ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_railoadmin_error.log" ServerName local.mydev DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_example_mydev_error.log" ServerName local.mydev.openbd DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot #Mount OpenBD and tell it to only server cfml files JkMount /*.cfm openbd ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_example_mydev_openbd_error.log" ServerName local.mydev.railo DocumentRoot /Users/[my username]/Websites/example.mydev/wwwroot JkMount /*.cfm railo ErrorLog "/Users/[my username]/Websites/apache.logs/local_example_mydev_railo_error.log" my folder structure I am using websites/apache.logs/ websites/coldfusion.engines/ websites/coldfusion.engines/cfusion/ websites/coldfusion.engines/openBD/ websites/coldfusion.engines/railo/ websites/example.mydev/ websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/ websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/index.cfm   websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/index.htm   websites/example.mydev/wwwroot/index.php   error log output [Thu Aug 27 00:54:50.443 2009] [11279:2686719776] [info] init_jk::mod_jk.c (3183): mod_jk/1.2.28 initialized [Thu Aug 27 00:54:51.346 2009] [11280:2686719776] [info] init_jk::mod_jk.c (3183): mod_jk/1.2.28 initialized [Thu Aug 27 00:55:18.963 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (594): connect to 127.0.0.1:8009 failed (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:18.963 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (127.0.0.1:8009) (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:18.963 2009] [11284:2686719776] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (openbdadmin) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:18.963 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (openbdadmin) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=1) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (594): connect to 127.0.0.1:8009 failed (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (127.0.0.1:8009) (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (openbdadmin) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (openbdadmin) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=2) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [error] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2466): (openbdadmin) connecting to tomcat failed. [Thu Aug 27 00:55:19.063 2009] [11284:2686719776] [info] jk_handler::mod_jk.c (2615): Service error=-3 for worker=openbdadmin [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.377 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (594): connect to 127.0.0.1:8009 failed (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.377 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (127.0.0.1:8009) (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.377 2009] [11283:2686719776] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (railoadmin) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.377 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (railoadmin) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=1) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (594): connect to 127.0.0.1:8009 failed (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (922): Failed opening socket to (127.0.0.1:8009) (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [error] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1507): (railoadmin) connecting to backend failed. Tomcat is probably not started or is listening on the wrong port (errno=61) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2447): (railoadmin) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), because of error during request sending (attempt=2) [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [error] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2466): (railoadmin) connecting to tomcat failed. [Thu Aug 27 00:55:20.477 2009] [11283:2686719776] [info] jk_handler::mod_jk.c (2615): Service error=-3 for worker=railoadmin

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  • Move Files from a Failing PC with an Ubuntu Live CD

    - by Trevor Bekolay
    You’ve loaded the Ubuntu Live CD to salvage files from a failing system, but where do you store the recovered files? We’ll show you how to store them on external drives, drives on the same PC, a Windows home network, and other locations. We’ve shown you how to recover data like a forensics expert, but you can’t store recovered files back on your failed hard drive! There are lots of ways to transfer the files you access from an Ubuntu Live CD to a place that a stable Windows machine can access them. We’ll go through several methods, starting each section from the Ubuntu desktop – if you don’t yet have an Ubuntu Live CD, follow our guide to creating a bootable USB flash drive, and then our instructions for booting into Ubuntu. If your BIOS doesn’t let you boot using a USB flash drive, don’t worry, we’ve got you covered! Use a Healthy Hard Drive If your computer has more than one hard drive, or your hard drive is healthy and you’re in Ubuntu for non-recovery reasons, then accessing your hard drive is easy as pie, even if the hard drive is formatted for Windows. To access a hard drive, it must first be mounted. To mount a healthy hard drive, you just have to select it from the Places menu at the top-left of the screen. You will have to identify your hard drive by its size. Clicking on the appropriate hard drive mounts it, and opens it in a file browser. You can now move files to this hard drive by drag-and-drop or copy-and-paste, both of which are done the same way they’re done in Windows. Once a hard drive, or other external storage device, is mounted, it will show up in the /media directory. To see a list of currently mounted storage devices, navigate to /media by clicking on File System in a File Browser window, and then double-clicking on the media folder. Right now, our media folder contains links to the hard drive, which Ubuntu has assigned a terribly uninformative label, and the PLoP Boot Manager CD that is currently in the CD-ROM drive. Connect a USB Hard Drive or Flash Drive An external USB hard drive gives you the advantage of portability, and is still large enough to store an entire hard disk dump, if need be. Flash drives are also very quick and easy to connect, though they are limited in how much they can store. When you plug a USB hard drive or flash drive in, Ubuntu should automatically detect it and mount it. It may even open it in a File Browser automatically. Since it’s been mounted, you will also see it show up on the desktop, and in the /media folder. Once it’s been mounted, you can access it and store files on it like you would any other folder in Ubuntu. If, for whatever reason, it doesn’t mount automatically, click on Places in the top-left of your screen and select your USB device. If it does not show up in the Places list, then you may need to format your USB drive. To properly remove the USB drive when you’re done moving files, right click on the desktop icon or the folder in /media and select Safely Remove Drive. If you’re not given that option, then Eject or Unmount will effectively do the same thing. Connect to a Windows PC on your Local Network If you have another PC or a laptop connected through the same router (wired or wireless) then you can transfer files over the network relatively quickly. To do this, we will share one or more folders from the machine booted up with the Ubuntu Live CD over the network, letting our Windows PC grab the files contained in that folder. As an example, we’re going to share a folder on the desktop called ToShare. Right-click on the folder you want to share, and click Sharing Options. A Folder Sharing window will pop up. Check the box labeled Share this folder. A window will pop up about the sharing service. Click the Install service button. Some files will be downloaded, and then installed. When they’re done installing, you’ll be appropriately notified. You will be prompted to restart your session. Don’t worry, this won’t actually log you out, so go ahead and press the Restart session button. The Folder Sharing window returns, with Share this folder now checked. Edit the Share name if you’d like, and add checkmarks in the two checkboxes below the text fields. Click Create Share. Nautilus will ask your permission to add some permissions to the folder you want to share. Allow it to Add the permissions automatically. The folder is now shared, as evidenced by the new arrows above the folder’s icon. At this point, you are done with the Ubuntu machine. Head to your Windows PC, and open up Windows Explorer. Click on Network in the list on the left, and you should see a machine called UBUNTU in the right pane. Note: This example is shown in Windows 7; the same steps should work for Windows XP and Vista, but we have not tested them. Double-click on UBUNTU, and you will see the folder you shared earlier! As well as any other folders you’ve shared from Ubuntu. Double click on the folder you want to access, and from there, you can move the files from the machine booted with Ubuntu to your Windows PC. Upload to an Online Service There are many services online that will allow you to upload files, either temporarily or permanently. As long as you aren’t transferring an entire hard drive, these services should allow you to transfer your important files from the Ubuntu environment to any other machine with Internet access. We recommend compressing the files that you want to move, both to save a little bit of bandwidth, and to save time clicking on files, as uploading a single file will be much less work than a ton of little files. To compress one or more files or folders, select them, and then right-click on one of the members of the group. Click Compress…. Give the compressed file a suitable name, and then select a compression format. We’re using .zip because we can open it anywhere, and the compression rate is acceptable. Click Create and the compressed file will show up in the location selected in the Compress window. Dropbox If you have a Dropbox account, then you can easily upload files from the Ubuntu environment to Dropbox. There is no explicit limit on the size of file that can be uploaded to Dropbox, though a free account begins with a total limit of 2 GB of files in total. Access your account through Firefox, which can be opened by clicking on the Firefox logo to the right of the System menu at the top of the screen. Once into your account, press the Upload button on top of the main file list. Because Flash is not installed in the Live CD environment, you will have to switch to the basic uploader. Click Browse…find your compressed file, and then click Upload file. Depending on the size of the file, this could take some time. However, once the file has been uploaded, it should show up on any computer connected through Dropbox in a matter of minutes. Google Docs Google Docs allows the upload of any type of file – making it an ideal place to upload files that we want to access from another computer. While your total allocation of space varies (mine is around 7.5 GB), there is a per-file maximum of 1 GB. Log into Google Docs, and click on the Upload button at the top left of the page. Click Select files to upload and select your compressed file. For safety’s sake, uncheck the checkbox concerning converting files to Google Docs format, and then click Start upload. Go Online – Through FTP If you have access to an FTP server – perhaps through your web hosting company, or you’ve set up an FTP server on a different machine – you can easily access the FTP server in Ubuntu and transfer files. Just make sure you don’t go over your quota if you have one. You will need to know the address of the FTP server, as well as the login information. Click on Places > Connect to Server… Choose the FTP (with login) Service type, and fill in your information. Adding a bookmark is optional, but recommended. You will be asked for your password. You can choose to remember it until you logout, or indefinitely. You can now browse your FTP server just like any other folder. Drop files into the FTP server and you can retrieve them from any computer with an Internet connection and an FTP client. Conclusion While at first the Ubuntu Live CD environment may seem claustrophobic, it has a wealth of options for connecting to peripheral devices, local computers, and machines on the Internet – and this article has only scratched the surface. Whatever the storage medium, Ubuntu’s got an interface for it! Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Backup Your Windows Live Writer SettingsMove a Window Without Clicking the Titlebar in UbuntuRecover Deleted Files on an NTFS Hard Drive from a Ubuntu Live CDCreate a Bootable Ubuntu USB Flash Drive the Easy WayReset Your Ubuntu Password Easily from the Live CD TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Acronis Online Backup DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows Tech Fanboys Field Guide Check these Awesome Chrome Add-ons iFixit Offers Gadget Repair Manuals Online Vista style sidebar for Windows 7 Create Nice Charts With These Web Based Tools Track Daily Goals With 42Goals

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  • Cannot log in to the desktop on ubuntu 11.10?

    - by Jichao
    The problem is, I could log in under the terminal, i could ifup eth0, i could do anything I want in the terminal, but if I use ctrl+alt+f7 goto the gnome login screen, after I input the correct password, the system just send me back to same login screen again. I have created a new user, but it didn't work. I have change all the files under ~/ to jichao:jichao(which is my username) with chown -hR jichao:jichao /home/jichao, but it didn't work too. I searched the internet, somebody said I should see the logs under /var/log/gdm, but there is not a /var/log/gdm directory in my box. Here are the tail of files under /var/log/ tail X.org.log [ 3263.348] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so [ 3263.348] (**) Dell Dell USB Keyboard: always reports core events [ 3263.348] (**) Dell Dell USB Keyboard: Device: "/dev/input/event5" [ 3263.348] (--) Dell Dell USB Keyboard: Found keys [ 3263.348] (II) Dell Dell USB Keyboard: Configuring as keyboard [ 3263.348] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/input/input29/event5" [ 3263.348] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Dell Dell USB Keyboard" (type: KEYBOARD) [ 3263.348] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev" [ 3263.348] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105" [ 3263.348] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us" kern.log Mar 20 09:32:58 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3182.701247] input: Dell Dell USB Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/input/input27 Mar 20 09:32:58 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3182.701392] generic-usb 0003:413C:2003.0018: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.10 Keyboard [Dell Dell USB Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.4/input0 Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.642572] usb 2-1.3: new low speed USB device number 17 using ehci_hcd Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.741892] input: Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input28 Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.742080] generic-usb 0003:045E:0047.0019: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.10 Mouse [Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM)] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input0 Mar 20 09:33:27 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3212.473901] usb 2-1.3: USB disconnect, device number 17 Mar 20 09:33:28 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3212.702031] usb 2-1.4: USB disconnect, device number 16 Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.022655] usb 2-1.4: new low speed USB device number 18 using ehci_hcd Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.124278] input: Dell Dell USB Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/input/input29 Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.124423] generic-usb 0003:413C:2003.001A: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.10 Keyboard [Dell Dell USB Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.4/input0 Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.741892] input: Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input28 Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3186.742080] generic-usb 0003:045E:0047.0019: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.10 Mouse [Microsoft Microsoft 5-Button Mouse with IntelliEye(TM)] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input0 syslog Mar 20 09:33:02 jichao-MS-730 mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 17 was not an MTP device Mar 20 09:33:27 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3212.473901] usb 2-1.3: USB disconnect, device number 17 Mar 20 09:33:28 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3212.702031] usb 2-1.4: USB disconnect, device number 16 Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.022655] usb 2-1.4: new low speed USB device number 18 using ehci_hcd Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 18: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4" Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 18 was not an MTP device Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.124278] input: Dell Dell USB Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/input/input29 Mar 20 09:34:08 jichao-MS-730 kernel: [ 3253.124423] generic-usb 0003:413C:2003.001A: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.10 Keyboard [Dell Dell USB Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.4/input0 auth.log Mar 20 09:18:52 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm-autologin:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Mar 20 09:18:53 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "jichao" Mar 20 09:18:53 jichao-MS-730 dbus[835]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.240" (uid=104 pid=6457 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.11" (uid=0 pid=1156 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") Mar 20 09:19:38 jichao-MS-730 sudo: jichao : TTY=tty6 ; PWD=/home ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/chown -hR jichao:jichao jicha Mar 20 09:19:39 jichao-MS-730 sudo: jichao : TTY=tty6 ; PWD=/home ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/chown -hR jichao:jichao jichao Mar 20 09:20:10 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm-autologin:session): session closed for user lightdm Mar 20 09:20:11 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm-autologin:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) Mar 20 09:20:11 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm-autologin:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Mar 20 09:20:12 jichao-MS-730 lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "jichao" Mar 20 09:20:12 jichao-MS-730 dbus[835]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.247" (uid=104 pid=6572 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.11" (uid=0 pid=1156 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") It seems that my .xsession-errors does not grow since yesterday. Here is my .xsession-error: (gnome-settings-daemon:1550): Gdk-WARNING **: The program 'gnome-settings-daemon' received an X Window System error. This probably reflects a bug in the program. The error was 'BadWindow (invalid Window parameter)'. (Details: serial 26702 error_code 3 request_code 2 minor_code 0) (Note to programmers: normally, X errors are reported asynchronously; that is, you will receive the error a while after causing it. To debug your program, run it with the --sync command line option to change this behavior. You can then get a meaningful backtrace from your debugger if you break on the gdk_x_error() function.) (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed (nautilus:3106): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_value_get_object: assertion `G_VALUE_HOLDS_OBJECT (value)' failed WARN 2012-03-17 19:28:46 glib <unknown>:0 Unable to fetch children: Method "Children" with signature "" on interface "org.ayatana.bamf.view" doesn't exist WARN 2012-03-17 19:28:46 glib <unknown>:0 Unable to fetch children: Method "Children" with signature "" on interface "org.ayatana.bamf.view" doesn't exist (yunio:2430): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (yunio:2430): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:1601): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (yunio:2430): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (yunio:2430): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:1601): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:1601): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1:1601): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, /usr/share/system-config-printer/applet.py:336: GtkWarning: ??????????????:“pixmap”, self.loop.run () (unity-window-decorator:1652): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (unity-window-decorator:1652): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (unity-window-decorator:1652): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, (unity-window-decorator:1652): Gtk-WARNING **: ??????????????:“pixmap”, common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 4: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 5: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 6: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 7: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 10: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 8: yes common-plugin-Message: checking whether we have a device for 9: yes (gnome-settings-daemon:13791): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_object_unref: assertion `G_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed [1331983727,000,xklavier.c:xkl_engine_start_listen/] The backend does not require manual layout management - but it is provided by the application ** (gnome-fallback-mount-helper:1584): DEBUG: ConsoleKit session is active 0 (gnome-fallback-mount-helper:1584): Gdk-WARNING **: gnome-fallback-mount-helper: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. (gdu-notification-daemon:1708): Gdk-WARNING **: gdu-notification-daemon: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. unity-window-decorator: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0.0. (bluetooth-applet:1583): Gdk-WARNING **: bluetooth-applet: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. (nm-applet:1596): Gdk-WARNING **: nm-applet: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. (nautilus:3106): IBUS-WARNING **: _connection_closed_cb: Underlying GIOStream returned 0 bytes on an async read (update-notifier:1821): Gdk-WARNING **: update-notifier: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. applet.py: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. (nautilus:3106): Gdk-WARNING **: nautilus: Fatal IO error 11 (???????) on X server :0. Could you help me, Thanks.

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  • How do I detect a file write error in C?

    - by rich
    I have an embedded environment where a user might insert or remove a USB flash drive. I would like to know if the drive has been removed, or if there is some other problem when I try to write to the drive. However, Linux just saves the information in its buffers and returns with no indicated error. The computer I'm using comes with a 2.4.26 kernel and libc 2.3.2. I'm mounting the drive this way: i = mount(MEMORY_DEV_PATH, MEMORY_MNT_PATH, "vfat", MS_SYNCHRONOUS, NULL); That works: 50:/root # mount /dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0/part1 on /mem type vfat (rw,sync) 50:/root # Later, I try to copy a file to it: int ifile, ofile; ifile = open("/tmp/tmpmidi.mid", O_RDONLY); if (ifile < 0) { perror("open in"); break; } ofile = open(current_file_name.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_SYNC); if (ofile < 0) { perror("open out"); break; } #define BUFSZ 256 char buffer[BUFSZ]; while (1) { i = read(ifile, buffer, BUFSZ); if (i < 0) { perror("read"); break; } j = write(ofile, buffer, i); if (j < 0) { perror("write"); break; } if (i != j) { perror("Sizes wrong"); break; } if (i < BUFSZ) { printf("Copy is finished, I hope\n"); close(ifile); close(ofile); break; } } If this snippet of code is executed with a write-protected USB memory, the result is Copy is finished, I hope amid a flurry of error messages from the kernel on the console. I believe the same thing would happen if I simply removed the USB drive (without unmounting it). I have also fiddled with devfs. I figured out how to get it to automatically mount the drive, (with the REGISTER event) but it never seems to trigger the UNREGISTER when I pull out the memory. How can I determine in my program whether I have successfully created a file? Update 4 July: It was a silly oversight of me not to check the result from close(). Unfortunately, the file can be closed without error. So that didn't help. What about fsync()? That sounds like a good idea, but that didn't catch the error either. There might be some interesting information in /sys if I had such a thing. I believe that didn't get added until 2.6.?. The comment(s) about the quality of my flash drive are probably justified. It's one of the earlier ones. In fact, write protect switches seem to be extremely rare these days. I think I have to use the overkill option: Create a file, unmount & remount the drive, and check to see if the file is there. If that doesn't solve my problem, then something is really messed up! Note to myself: Make sure the file you try to create isn't already there! By the way, this does happen to be a C++ program. You can tell by the .c_str() which I had intended to edit out for simplicity.

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  • Clone a Hard Drive Using an Ubuntu Live CD

    - by Trevor Bekolay
    Whether you’re setting up multiple computers or doing a full backup, cloning hard drives is a common maintenance task. Don’t bother burning a new boot CD or paying for new software – you can do it easily with your Ubuntu Live CD. Not only can you do this with your Ubuntu Live CD, you can do it right out of the box – no additional software needed! The program we’ll use is called dd, and it’s included with pretty much all Linux distributions. dd is a utility used to do low-level copying – rather than working with files, it works directly on the raw data on a storage device. Note: dd gets a bad rap, because like many other Linux utilities, if misused it can be very destructive. If you’re not sure what you’re doing, you can easily wipe out an entire hard drive, in an unrecoverable way. Of course, the flip side of that is that dd is extremely powerful, and can do very complex tasks with little user effort. If you’re careful, and follow these instructions closely, you can clone your hard drive with one command. We’re going to take a small hard drive that we’ve been using and copy it to a new hard drive, which hasn’t been formatted yet. To make sure that we’re working with the right drives, we’ll open up a terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal) and enter in the following command sudo fdisk –l We have two small drives, /dev/sda, which has two partitions, and /dev/sdc, which is completely unformatted. We want to copy the data from /dev/sda to /dev/sdc. Note: while you can copy a smaller drive to a larger one, you can’t copy a larger drive to a smaller one with the method described below. Now the fun part: using dd. The invocation we’ll use is: sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdc In this case, we’re telling dd that the input file (“if”) is /dev/sda, and the output file (“of”) is /dev/sdc. If your drives are quite large, this can take some time, but in our case it took just less than a minute. If we do sudo fdisk –l again, we can see that, despite not formatting /dev/sdc at all, it now has the same partitions as /dev/sda.  Additionally, if we mount all of the partitions, we can see that all of the data on /dev/sdc is now the same as on /dev/sda. Note: you may have to restart your computer to be able to mount the newly cloned drive. And that’s it…If you exercise caution and make sure that you’re using the right drives as the input file and output file, dd isn’t anything to be scared of. Unlike other utilities, dd copies absolutely everything from one drive to another – that means that you can even recover files deleted from the original drive in the clone! Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Reset Your Ubuntu Password Easily from the Live CDHow to Browse Without a Trace with an Ubuntu Live CDRecover Deleted Files on an NTFS Hard Drive from a Ubuntu Live CDCreate a Bootable Ubuntu 9.10 USB Flash DriveWipe, Delete, and Securely Destroy Your Hard Drive’s Data the Easy Way TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Xobni Plus for Outlook All My Movies 5.9 CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 Windows Media Player Glass Icons (icons we like) How to Forecast Weather, without Gadgets Outlook Tools, one stop tweaking for any Outlook version Zoofs, find the most popular tweeted YouTube videos Video preview of new Windows Live Essentials 21 Cursor Packs for XP, Vista & 7

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  • Error:couldn't read file-Kernel panic

    - by Thanos
    I have just installed ubuntu 12.04.1. To be honest I had to run installation several times until it was finished fine. When I finally managed to install it properly, I power on the laptop and the grub shoed up! I selected ubuntu generic. It takes some time to load and when it does I get an error message stating that error: couldn't read file Press any key to continue If I press any button nothing happens. If a leave it there, in a short while there is a black screen loading which gives some weird messages [0.946710] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block (0,0) [0.946755] Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu [0.946792] Call Trace: [0.946831] [<ffffffff81640ec8>] panic+0x91/0x1a4 [0.946869] [<ffffffff81cfc01e>] mount_block_root+0xdc/0x18e [0.946909] [<ffffffff81002930>] ? populate_rootfs_wait+0x300/0x9d0 [0.946947] [<ffffffff81cfc257>] mount_root+0x54/0x59 [0.946982] [<ffffffff81cfcec9>] prepare_namespace+0x16d/0x1a6 [0.947019] [<ffffffff81cfbd63>] kernel_init+0x153/0x158 [0.947094] [<ffffffff81cfbc10>] ? start_kernel+0x3bd/0x3bd [0.947129] [<ffffffff81664030>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 The thing is that the laptop isn't mine. A friend tried to dual boot ubuntu alongside windows 7 but he didn't succeed. Ubuntu option was in grub, but when you tried to boot it rebooted from the start. So from a Live CD I erased ubuntu, started windows to check if something went wrong, and fortunately everything was OK. Windows started normally! So I tried to install ubuntu. Before installation was completed the installer crashed! I was afraid that he would lost windows, something that was true... At that point I tried to install windows but whichever distro(XP, 7{home, proffessional, ultimate},8) I tried it could never reach the end. So I tried to reinstall ubuntu but I was facing those weird messages. What can I do to move on? ______________________________________________________________________ EDIT1: I tried to check and fix(if possible) with GParted it took a lot of hours,although gparted displays only 01:14, I restarted the system and now I get not exactly the same messages. Numbers in braces [ ] are different [0.818189] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block (0,0) [0.818235] Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu [0.818272] Call Trace: [0.818312] [<ffffffff81640ec8>] panic+0x91/0x1a4 [0.818351] [<ffffffff81cfc01e>] mount_block_root+0xdc/0x18e [0.818391] [<ffffffff81002930>] ? populate_rootfs_wait+0x300/0x9d0 [0.818428] [<ffffffff81cfc257>] mount_root+0x54/0x59 [0.818464] [<ffffffff81cfcec9>] prepare_namespace+0x16d/0x1a6 [0.818501] [<ffffffff81cfbd63>] kernel_init+0x153/0x158 [0.818574] [<ffffffff81cfbc10>] ? start_kernel+0x3bd/0x3bd [0.818610] [<ffffffff81664030>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 What on earth is going on? ______________________________________________________________________ EDIT2: I forgot to mention that my friend gave a punch to his laptop during a game. After that his cooler became to make a weird noise so I checked and it is a bit tortuous but it is working. What I beleive must be wrong is that his HDD makes a weird noise while trying to load ubuntu, which means he might need a new HDD. Could that be true?

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  • SQL SERVER – BACKUPIO, BACKUPBUFFER – Wait Type – Day 14 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    Backup is the most important task for any database admin. Your data is at risk if you are not performing database backup. Honestly, I have seen many DBAs who know how to take backups but do not know how to restore it. (Sigh!) In this blog post we are going to discuss about one of my real experiences with one of my clients – BACKUPIO. When I started to deal with it, I really had no idea how to fix the issue. However, after fixing it at two places, I think I know why this is happening but at the same time, I am not sure the fix is the best solution. The reality is that the fix is not a solution but a workaround (which is not optimal, but get your things done). From Book On-Line: BACKUPIO Occurs when a backup task is waiting for data, or is waiting for a buffer in which to store data. This type is not typical, except when a task is waiting for a tape mount. BACKUPBUFFER Occurs when a backup task is waiting for data, or is waiting for a buffer in which to store data. This type is not typical, except when a task is waiting for a tape mount. BACKUPIO and BACKUPBUFFER Explanation: This wait stats will occur when you are taking the backup on the tape or any other extremely slow backup system. Reducing BACKUPIO and BACKUPBUFFER wait: In my recent consultancy, backup on tape was very slow probably because the tape system was very old. During the time when I explained this wait type reason in the consultancy, the owners immediately decided to replace the tape drive with an alternate system. They had a small SAN enclosure not being used on side, which they decided to re-purpose. After a week, I had received an email from their DBA, saying that the wait stats have reduced drastically. At another location, my client was using a third party tool (please don’t ask me the name of the tool) to take backup. This tool was compressing the backup along with taking backup. I have had a very good experience with this tool almost all the time except this one sparse experience. When I tried to take backup using the native SQL Server compressed backup, there was a very small value on this wait type and the backup was much faster. However, when I attempted with the third party backup tool, this value was very high again and was taking much more time. The third party tool had many other features but the client was not using these features. We end up using the native SQL Server Compressed backup and it worked very well. If I get to see this higher in my future consultancy, I will try to understand this wait type much more in detail and so probably I would able to come to some solid solution. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussion of Wait Stats in this blog is generic and varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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  • 65536% Autogrowth!

    - by Tara Kizer
    Twice a year, we move our production systems to our disaster recovery site.  Last Saturday night was one of those days.  There are about 50 SQL Server databases to be moved to the DR site, which is done via database mirroring.  It takes only a few seconds to failover, but some databases have a bit more involved work such as setting up replication.  Everything went relatively smooth, but we encountered a weird bug on our most mission critical system.  After everything was successfully failed over to the DR site, it was noticed that mirroring was in a suspended state on one of the databases.  We thought we had run into a SQL Server 2005 bug that we had been encountering and were working with Microsoft on a fix.  Microsoft did fix it in both SQL Server 2005 service pack 3 cumulative update package 13 and service pack 4 cumulative update package 2, however SP3 CU13 and SP4 both recently failed on this system so we were not patched yet with the bug fix.  As the suspended state was causing us issues with replication, we dropped mirroring.  We then noticed we had 10MB of free disk space on the mount point where the principal’s data files are stored.  I knew something went amiss as this system should have at least 150GB free on that mount point.  I immediately checked the main database’s data file and was shocked to see an autgrowth size of 65536%.  The data file autogrew right before mirroring went into the suspended state. 65536%! I didn’t have a lot of time to research if this autgrowth problem was a known SQL Server bug, so I deferred that research to today.  A quick Google search yielded no results but emphasis on “quick”.  I checked our performance system, which was recently restored with a copy of the affected production database, and found the autogrowth setting to be 512MB.  So this autogrowth bug was encountered sometime in the last two weeks.  On February 26th, we had attempted to install SQL 2005 SP4 on production, however it had failed (PSS case open with Microsoft).  I suspected that the SP4 failure was somehow related to this autgrowth bug although that turned out not to be the case. I then tweeted (@TaraKizer) about this problem to see if the SQL Server community (#sqlhelp) had any insights.  It seems several people have either heard of this bug or encountered it.  Aaron Bertrand (blog|twitter) referred me to this Connect item. Our affected database originated on SQL Server 2000 and was upgraded to SQL Server 2005 in 2007.  Back on SQL Server 2000, we were using the default file growth setting which was a percentage.  Sometime after the 2005 upgrade is when we changed it to 512MB.  Our situation seemed to fit the bug Aaron referred to me, so now the question was whether Microsoft had fixed it yet. I received a reply to my tweet from Amit Banerjee (twitter) that it had been fixed in SP3 CU1 (KB958004).  My affected system is SP3 CU8, so I was initially confused why we had encountered the bug.  Because I don’t read things fully, I had missed that there are additional steps you have to follow after applying the bug fix.  Amit set me straight.  Although you can read this information in the KB article, I will also copy it here in case you are as lazy as me and miss the most important section of it (although if you are as lazy as me, you won’t have read this far down my blog post): This hotfix will prevent only future occurrences of this problem. For example, if you restore a database from SQL Server 2000 to a SQL Server 2005 instance that contains this hotfix, this problem will not occur. However, if you already have a database that is affected by this problem, you must follow these steps to resolve this problem manually: Apply this hotfix. Set the file growth settings for the affected files to percentage settings, and then set the settings back to megabyte settings. Take the database offline, and then bring it back online. Verify that the values of the is_percent_growth column are correct in the sys.database_files system table and in the sys.master_files system table.

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  • How does the Trash Can work, and where can I find official documentation, reference, or specification for it?

    - by MestreLion
    When trying to manage trash can from mounted NTFS volumes, I ended up reading FreeDesktop.org's reference on it. Poking around and doing some tests, I realized Ubuntu/Gnome does not follow the specs 100%. Here's why: For non-/ partitions, it always uses <driveroot>/.Trash-<uid>, It never used <driveroot>/.Trash/<uid>, even when i created it in advance. While this works, it's annoying: if I have 15 users, I end up with 15 /.Trash-xxx folders in my drive, while the other approach would still give a single folder (with 15 sub-folders). That "pollution" in my drives is very unpleasant. And specs say "If an $topdir/.Trash directory is absent, an $topdir/.Trash-$uid directory is to be used". Well, it IS present, so why does it never use it? root trash does not work, at least not out of the box. Open nautilus as root and click on trash; it gives an error. Try to delete any file, it says "it can't move to trash". Ok, I know this can be fixed by creating /root/.local/share. But specs says "A “home trash” directory SHOULD be automatically created for any new user. If this directory is needed for a trashing operation but does not exist, the implementation SHOULD automatically create it, without any warnings or delays.". Why the error then? Bug? Why must I change /etc/fstab entries for mounted volumes, adding options like uid and guid, if the volumes are already mounted as RW for everyone? These are just some examples of deviation from the standard. So, the question is: "If Ubuntu does not adhere 100% to the spec, HOW exactly does the trash work? WHERE can i find a technical reference for Ubuntu's implementation of the trash?" By the way: if Ubuntu does happen to follow specs, please tell me what I am doing wrong, especially regarding the /.Trash-<uid> vs /.Trash/<uid> issue. Thanks! EDIT: Some more info: If a given fs has no support for the sticky bit (VFAT, NTFS), it probably doesn't have for permissions either (at least VFAT surely doesn't). So what prevents one user from purging / restoring other users' ./Trash-xxx ? If one can read/write his own Trash, one can do the same for the whole drive, including other's trashes, correct? Or does Gnome have some kind of "extra" protection on ./Trash-xxx folders on VFAT/NTFS fs? If Linux can "emulate" file permissions on NTFS mounting by editing /fstab uid and gid options, can it also "emulate" the sticky bit? I would really prefer to use /.Trash/xxx format... For the root issue: for the / partition, I can use trash as root, and it goes to /root/.local/shate/Trash. But if I click on Nautilus "Trash" (as root), I get an error. Don't you? So files are correctly trashed, but I can't access it. All I can do is manually "purge" them (by deleting files on /root/.local/shate/Trash), but restoring would be very tricky (opening info files and manually moving, etc.). For non-/ partitions (or at least for VFAT/NTFS), I can not even use trash as root: it does not create a ./Trash-0 folder, it simply says "Cannot trash, want to permanently delete?" Why? About fstab: i use it for a permanent mount for my NTFS partitions. I have several, and if not "pre-mounted" they really clutter the desktop and/or Nautilus. I'd rather have it pre-mounted, integrated in my fs, in mounts like /data , /windows/xp , /windows/vista , and so on, and leave /media and its "mount/unmount" flexibility just for truly removable drives. So, if Ubuntu/Gnome truly follows the spec, is there any way to fix the root issues and to "emulate" the sticky bit for (at least) my fstab'ed NTFS fixed partitions?

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  • How does Trash Can works? Where can i find official specification / documentation / reference about it?

    - by MestreLion
    When trying to manage trash can from mounted NTFS volumes, I ended up reading FreeDesktop.org's reference on it. Poking around and doing some tests, I realized Ubuntu/Gnome does not follow the specs 100%. Here's why: For non-/ partitions, it always use <driveroot>/.Trash-<uid>, It never used <driveroot>/.Trash/<uid>, even when i created it in advance. While this works, its annoying: if i have 15 users, i end up with 15 /.Trash-xxx folders in my drive, while the other approach would still give a single folder (with 15 sub-folders). That "pollution" in my drives is very unpleasant. And specs say "If an $topdir/.Trash directory is absent, an $topdir/.Trash-$uid directory is to be used". Well, it IS present, so why it never uses it? root trash does not work, at least not out of the box. Open nautilus as root and click on trash, it gives error. Try to delete any file, it says "it cant move to trash". Ok, i know this can be fixed by creating /root/.local/share. But specs says "A “home trash” directory SHOULD be automatically created for any new user. If this directory is needed for a trashing operation but does not exist, the implementation SHOULD automatically create it, without any warnings or delays.". Why error then? Bug? Why do i must change /etc/fstab entries for mounted volumes, adding options like uid and guid, if the volumes are already mounted as RW for everyone? These are just some examples of deviation from standard. So, the question is: "If Ubuntu does not adhere 100% to the spec, HOW exactly does the trash work? WHERE can i find technical reference about Ubuntu's implementation of the trash?" By the way: if Ubuntu does happen to follow specs, please tell me what am i doing wrong, specially regarding the /.Trash-<uid> vs /.Trash/<uid> issue. Thanks! EDIT: Some more info: If a given fs has no support for sticky bit (VFAT, NTFS), it probably dont have for permitions either (at least VFAT surely doesnt). So what prevents one user for purging / restoring other users ./Trash-xxx ? If one can read/write his own Trash, he can also do the same for the whole drive, including other's trashes, isnt it? Or does Gnome has any "extra" protection on ./Trash-xxx folders on VFAT/NTFS fs? If Linux can "emulate" file permitions on NTFS mounting by editing /fstab uid and gid options, can it also "emulate" the sticky bit? I would really want to use /.Trash/xxx format... For the root issue: for the / partition, i can trash as root, and it goes to /root/.local/shate/Trash. But if i click on Nautilus "Trash" (as root), i get an error. Dont you? So files are correctly trashed, but i cant access it. All i can do is manually "purge" them (by deleting files on /root/.local/shate/Trash), but restoring would be very tricky (opening info files and manually moving, etc) For non-/ partitions (or at least for VFAT/NTFS), I can not even trash as root: it does not create a ./Trash-0 folder, it simply says "Cannot trash, want to permantly delete?" Why? About fstab: i use it for a permanent mount for my NTFS partitions. I have several, and if not "pre-mounted" they really cluttter desktop and/or Nautilus. Id rather have it pre mounted, integrated in my fs, in mounts like /data , /windows/xp , /windows/vista , and so on, and leave /media and its "mount/unmount" flexibility just for truly removable drives Si, if Ubuntu/Gnome truly follow the spec, is there any way to fix the root issues and to "emulate" the sticky bit for (at least) my fstab'ed NTFS fixed partitions?

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  • Must go through Windows Boot Loader to get to Grub

    - by Zach
    I just installed a fresh copy of Precise alongside Windows 7. I have to separate 750GB hard drives; /dev/sda holds the Windows partitions and /dev/sdb holds the Ubuntu partitions. Other than that, these are fresh installs of both Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04. Whenever I boot, Grub doesn't load, instead it goes to a black screen with a single blinking (horizontal bar) cursor in the top right corner. However, if I boot, hit escape right as the BIOS/POST screen finishes up, see the Windows Boot Loader and hit escape to make it go back to the BIOS screen. After the BIOS screen, grub shows up and everything functions normally; I can boot into Ubuntu or Win7. I don't want to have to do the Escape, Escape, Wait, Boot trick every time. I have no idea what would be wrong or what information I could give you guys to help diagnose. I have run a sudo update-grub and it found everything normally. I tried adding nomodeset flag in the /etc/default/grub line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT which searching around made me think might work. Thoughts on what I could do to fix this? EDIT: I've tried changing the boot order so that both drives in the BIOS (both are labeled as "Internal HDD") have had a try booting first. I think the problem may be that every time I boot, the BIOS boot order is different... and I have to reset it. It seems to not be stable... but I'm not sure how to go about fixing that either. The machine has both traditional BIOS and UEFI. It came standard in "Legacy" mode; so it is currently set to boot through Legacy mode. I've reinstalled Ubuntu now, and now if I hit escape at the end of the BIOS/POST startup screen, it takes me to GRUB menu. Otherwise it automatically loads Windows. It seems like GRUB is now the acting bootloader, it just doesn't automatically start that unless I ask it to open a bootloader. In my other machines, it has always automatically started at the end of BIOS/POST. EDIT2: Using gparted, I just looked at my partitions, it would seem that my linux-swap partition is currently flagged as the boot partition for my Ubuntu install. I currently only have 2 partitions: one of "ext4" with a mount point of "/" and flag " "; and the "linux-swap" with mount point " " and flag "boot." If I change the boot flag to be on "/," it does not reliably solve the problem. After 10 boots: 2 Booted successfully to GRUB 5 Booted directly to Windows 7 3 booted to the black screen with the cursor and hung there Further research makes me think this is an issue of the BIOS not reliably booting hard drives in the same order or not finding both hard drives. If I ask it to create a "boot menu" sometimes it has 2 entries for "Internal HDD," sometimes 1. Also the list it creates changes order every time I bring it up; so it is not following a consistent boot sequence. Will report back if this is not an issue with GRUB.

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  • disks not ready in array causes mdadm to force initramfs shell

    - by RaidPinata
    Okay, this is starting to get pretty frustrating. I've read most of the other answers on this site that have anything to do with this issue but I'm still not getting anywhere. I have a RAID 6 array with 10 devices and 1 spare. The OS is on a completely separate device. At boot only three of the 10 devices in the raid are available, the others become available later in the boot process. Currently, unless I go through initramfs I can't get the system to boot - it just hangs with a blank screen. When I do boot through recovery (initramfs), I get a message asking if I want to assemble the degraded array. If I say no and then exit initramfs the system boots fine and my array is mounted exactly where I intend it to. Here are the pertinent files as near as I can tell. Ask me if you want to see anything else. # mdadm.conf # # Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file. # # by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all # containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using # wildcards if desired. #DEVICE partitions containers # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions # CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR root # definitions of existing MD arrays # This file was auto-generated on Tue, 13 Nov 2012 13:50:41 -0700 # by mkconf $Id$ ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid6 num-devices=10 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=Craggenmore:data UUID=37eea980:24df7b7a:f11a1226:afaf53ae Here is fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sdc2 during installation UUID=3fa1e73f-3d83-4afe-9415-6285d432c133 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdc3 during installation UUID=c4988662-67f3-4069-a16e-db740e054727 none swap sw 0 0 # mount large raid device on /data /dev/md0 /data ext4 defaults,nofail,noatime,nobootwait 0 0 output of cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid6 sda[0] sdd[10](S) sdl[9] sdk[8] sdj[7] sdi[6] sdh[5] sdg[4] sdf[3] sde[2] sdb[1] 23441080320 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [10/10] [UUUUUUUUUU] unused devices: <none> Here is the output of mdadm --detail --scan --verbose ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid6 num-devices=10 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=Craggenmore:data UUID=37eea980:24df7b7a:f11a1226:afaf53ae devices=/dev/sda,/dev/sdb,/dev/sde,/dev/sdf,/dev/sdg,/dev/sdh,/dev/sdi,/dev/sdj,/dev/sdk,/dev/sdl,/dev/sdd Please let me know if there is anything else you think might be useful in troubleshooting this... I just can't seem to figure out how to change the boot process so that mdadm waits until the drives are ready to build the array. Everything works just fine if the drives are given enough time to come online. edit: changed title to properly reflect situation

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  • Need help partitioning when reinstalling Ubuntu 14.04

    - by Chris M.
    I upgraded to 14.04 about a month ago on my HP Mini netbook (about 16 GB hard disk). A few days ago the system crashed (I don't know why but I was using internet at the time). When I restarted the computer, Ubuntu would not load. Instead, I got a message from the BIOS saying Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key I took this to mean that I needed to reinstall 14.04. When I try to reinstall Ubuntu from the USB stick, I choose "Erase disk and install Ubuntu" but then I get a message: Some of the partitions you created are too small. Please make the following partitions at least this large: / 3.3 GB If you do not go back to the partitioner and increase the size of these partitions, the installation may fail. At first I hit Continue to see if it would install anyway, and it gave the message: The attempt to mount a file system with type ext4 in SCSI1 (0,0,0), partition # 1 (sda) at / failed. You may resume partitioning from the partitioning menu. The second time I hit Go Back, and it took me to the following partitioning table: Device Type Mount Point Format Size Used System /dev/sda /dev/sda1 ext4 (checked) 3228 MB Unknown /dev/sda5 swap (not checked) 1063 MB Unknown + - Change New Partition Table... Revert Device for boot loader installation: /dev/sda ATA JM Loader 001 (4.3 GB) At this point I'm not sure what to do. I've never partitioned my hard drive before and I don't want to screw things up. (I'm not particularly tech savvy.) Can you instruct me what I should do. (P.S. I'm afraid the table might not appear as I typed it in.) Results from fdisk: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders, total 8388608 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 7860 MB, 7860125696 bytes 155 heads, 31 sectors/track, 3194 cylinders, total 15351808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009a565 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2768 15351807 7674520 b W95 FAT32 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ Here is what it displays when I open the Disks utility (I tried the screenshot terminal command you suggested but it didn't seem to do anything): 4.3 GB Hard Disk /dev/sda Model: JM Loader 001 (01000001) Size: 4.3 GB (4,294,967,296 bytes) Serial Number: 01234123412341234 Assessment: SMART is not supported Volumes Size: 4.3 GB (4,294,967,296 bytes) Device: /dev/sda Contents: Unknown (There is a button in the utility that when you click it gives the following options: Format... Create Disk Image... Restore Disk Image... Benchmark but SMART Data & Self-Tests... is dimmed out) When I hit F9 Change Boot Device Order, it shows the hard drive as: SATA:PM-JM Loader 001 When I hit F10 to get me into the BIOS Setup Utility, under Diagnostic it shows: Primary Hard Disk Self Test Not Support NetworkManager Tool State: disconnected Device: eth0 Type: Wired Driver: atl1c State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: 00:26:55:B0:7F:0C Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Wired Properties Carrier: off When I run command lshw -C network, I get: WARNING: you should run this program as super-user. *-network description: Network controller product: BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=b43-pci-bridge latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:feafc000-feafffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8132 Fast Ethernet vendor: Qualcomm Atheros physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c0 serial: 00:26:55:b0:7f:0c capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.1-NAPI latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:43 memory:febc0000-febfffff ioport:ec80(size=128) WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.

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  • I am not able to delete a corrupt NTFS partition on my pen drive. How can I force its deletion?

    - by yesuraj
    I formatted my 16GB pen drive with the NTFS file system in windows vista. After that I started copying some files. However, only a few files were copied to the pen drive before the copy operation hung. So I cancelled the copy operation. Now I am unable to use the pen drive. I DON'T REALLY NEED ANY FILES THAT I COPIED TO THE PENDRIVE. I JUST WANT TO USE THE PENDRIVE AGAIN. I have tried using Ubuntu to format the pen drive. But when i use fdisk to delete the partition, it looks like it is working fine but in fact it does not delete the partition. Also I am unable to format it with any other file system. When I tried to use gparted, it throws the following error: Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 14: The disk contains an unclean file system(0,0). The file system wasn't safely closed on window. Fixing ntfs_attr_pread_i:ntfs_pread failed: Input/output error Failed to read NTFS$Bitmap:Input/output error NTFS is either inconsistent, or there is a hardware fault, or it's a softRAID/FakeRAID hardware. In the first case run chkdsk /f on Windows then reboot into windows twice. The usage of the /f parameter is very important!. If the device is a SoftRAID/FakeRAID then first activate it and mount a different device under the /dev/mapper directory, (e.g. /dev/mapper/nvidia_eahaabcc1). Please see the dmraid documentation for more details When I searched the Internet I found help on how to recover. But I don’t want to recover, I want to format it again. When I pressed w after deleting the partition, it took more time than previously. After that i removed the pen drive and re-inserted, but the partition I had deleted was still present. If I simply type the command fdisk /dev/sdb without removing the pen drive after the partition is deleted, then it returns the error message Unable to open /dev/sdb. Here are the steps that I followed: root@yesuraj-ubuntu:~# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks THE DEMESG PRINTS ARE AS FOLLOWS, [ 6139.774753] usb 2-1.3: reset high speed USB device number 4 using ehci_hcd [ 6154.816941] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -110 [ 6169.968908] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -110 [ 6170.158427] usb 2-1.3: reset high speed USB device number 4 using ehci_hcd [ 6185.200638] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -110 [ 6200.352572] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -110 [ 6200.542093] usb 2-1.3: reset high speed USB device number 4 using ehci_hcd [ 6205.559460] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/8, error -110 I used the dd command and it erased the partition table. But now when I connect the pen drive, dmesg contains this error message: [88143.437001] sdb: unknown partition table. I am not able to create a partion using fdisk /dev/sdb. The error message says that it is unable to find the node. Other messages from dmesg follow below. [87100.531596] usb 2-1.3: new high speed USB device number 39 using ehci_hcd [87130.915257] usb 2-1.3: new high speed USB device number 40 using ehci_hcd [87135.932647] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/8, error -110

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  • Shrinking a Linux OEL 6 virtual Box image (vdi) hosted on Windows 7

    - by AndyBaker
    v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} Recently for a customer demonstration there was a requirement to build a virtual box image with Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c. This meant installing OEL Linux 6 as well as creating an 11gr2 database and Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c on a single virtual box. Storage was sized at 300Gb using dynamically allocated storage for the virtual box and about 10Gb was used for Linux and the initial build. After copying over all the binaries and performing all the installations the virtual box became in the region of 80Gb used size on the host operating system, however internally it only really needed around 20Gb. This meant 60Gb had been used when copying over all the binaries and although now free was not returned to the host operating system due to the growth of the virtual box storage '.vdi' file.  Once the ‘vdi’ storage had grown it is not shrunk automatically afterwards. Space is always tight on the laptop so it was desirable to shrink the virtual box back to a minimal size and here is the process that was followed. Install 'zerofree' Linux package into the OEL6 virtual box The RPM was downloaded and installed from a site similar to below; http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/12548724/com/zerofree-1.0.1-5.el5.i386.rpm.html A simple internet search for ’zerofree Linux rpm’ was easy to perform and find the required rpm. Execute 'zerofree' package on the desired Linux file system To execute this package the desired file system needs to be mounted read only. The following steps outline this process. As root: # umount /u01 As root:# mount –o ro –t ext4 /u01 NOTE: The –o is options and the –t is the file system type found in the /etc/fstab. Next run zerofree against the required storage, this is located by a simple ‘df –h’ command to see the device associated with the mount. As root:# zerofree –v /dev/sda11   NOTE: This takes a while to run but the ‘-v’ option gives feedback on the process. What does Zerofree do? Zerofree’s purpose is to go through the file system and zero out any unused sectors on the volume so that the later stages can shrink the virtual box storage obtaining the free space back. When zerofree has completed the virtual box can be shutdown as the last stage is performed on the physical host where the virtual box vdi files are located. Compact the virtual box ‘.vdi’ files The final stage is to get virtual box to shrink back the storage that has been correctly flagged as free space after executing zerofree. On the physical host in this case a windows 7 laptop a DOS window was opened. At the prompt the first step is to put the virtual box binaries onto the PATH. C:\ >echo %PATH%   The above shows the current value of the PATH environment variable. C:\ >set PATH=%PATH%;c:\program files\Oracle\Virtual Box;   The above adds onto the existing path the virtual box binary location. C:\>cd c:\Users\xxxx\OEL6.1   The above changes directory to where the VDI files are located for the required virtual box machine. C:\Users\xxxxx\OEL6.1>VBoxManage.exe modifyhd zzzzzz.vdi compact  NOTE: The zzzzzz.vdi is the name of the required vdi file to shrink. Finally the above command is executed to perform the compact operation on the ‘.vdi’ file(s). This also takes a long time to complete but shrinks the VDI file back to a minimum size. In the case of the demonstration virtual box OEM12c this reduced the virtual box to 20Gb from 80Gb which was a great outcome to achieve.

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  • Failed to unmount partitions

    - by msknapp
    I'm trying to install ubuntu from a pen drive. I have windows 7 installed already and want to keep that installation. I have a 3TB drive that has one 2TB partition on it, so the last 1TB is completely unused, which is where I want to install ubuntu. I started ubuntu in "try ubuntu" mode and then opened gparted, and then deleted the unused partition for the last third of my drive, then tried to install ubuntu. During the install, it asked me if I wanted to unmount the drives I already have The installer has detected that the following disks have mounted partitions: /dev/sda, /dev/sdb Do you want the installer to try to unmount the partitions on these disks before continuing? If you leave them mounted, you will not be able to create, delete, or resize partitions on these disks, but you may be able to install to existing partitions there. No, Yes I said no because I don't want to lose my windows 7 installation, nor any of that data. I wonder, if I had said yes above, would I have lost all the data on those drives? Anyways, I hit no and continued. I chose to install ubuntu alongside windows 7, and hit continue. A few minutes passed when this popup appeared: Failed to unmount partitions The installer needs to commit changes to partition tables, but cannot do so because the partitions on the following mount points could not be unmounted: /media/ubuntu/Three\ Terabyte Drive Terabyte\ DriveDrive Please close any applications using these mount points. Would you like the installer to try to unmount these partitions again? Go Back, Continue Why is this not working? What am I supposed to do? ========== Update: I went ahead and said yes, it can unmount those partitions. It finished installing Ubuntu, but now when i start my machine it just takes me to the grub rescue prompt. Seems like it broke something. What can I do now? =============== Results of fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00027e14 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 976771071 488282112 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdb: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdc: 16.0 GB, 16008609792 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1946 cylinders, total 31266816 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 32 31266815 15633392 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Disk /dev/sdd: 999.5 GB, 999501594624 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121515 cylinders, total 1952151552 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002ae3f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 2048 1952151551 976074752 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

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  • No access to Samba shares

    - by koanhead
    I have three shared folders in my local home directory- that is to say, on my Ubuntu desktop's /home/me/. All were set up using "Sharing Options" in Nautilus' right-click menu. The standard "Music" and "Videos" folders are configured identically: the "Guest Access" box is checked, but the "Allow others to create and delete" is not. The third folder, called "shared", is configured to not allow Guest access but to allow others to modify files. I have not altered /etc/samba/smb.conf by hand, I have only used Sharing Options to create and modify these so-called "shares". My roommates have two Windows 7 computers and one Ubuntu Netbook Remix netbook. I have the aforementioned desktop machine and laptop running 10.04. None of these machines can access any of the shares. Attempts to access the Guest shares result in the message \\machine\directory is not accessible. The network name could not be found. This is the error message generated by a VM running Windows 2000. The other Windows machines generate a similar error. The Ubuntu laptop gives the error Unable to mount location: Failed to mount Windows share. Hurrah, once again, for informative error messages. That really helps a lot. When attempting to browse the folder called "shared" from the laptop, I'm confronted with a password dialog. This behavior is the same will all machines I've tried in the situation. On entering my username and password for the account to which the shares belong, the password dialog briefly disappears and is replaced with an identical dialog. No error message, useful or not, appears. When attempting to browse this folder with the VM, the outcome is the same except that the password dialog helpfully states "incorrect username or password". My assumption is that the username and password in question is that of the user which owns the shares. I have tried all other username and password combinations available in this context and the outcome is the same. I would like to be able to share files. Sharing them with Windows machines is a nice feature, or would be if it was available. Really I consider sharing files between two machines with the same version of the same operating system kind of a minimum condition for network usability. Samba last functioned reliably for me more than ten years ago. I have attempted to use it on and off since then with only intermittent success. Oh, and "Personal File Sharing" from the Preferences menu does not result in an entry in Places → Network → my-server. In fact, the old entry "MY-SERVER" goes away and is replaced by "koanhead's public files on my-server", which when I attempt to open it from the laptop gives a "DBus.Error.NoReply: Message did not receive a reply." I know I come here and gripe about Ubuntu a lot, but on the other hand I spend literally hours every day trying to fix things in Ubuntu. It's a good system which aspires to greatness, which is why things like this either Need to work; or Be adequately documented. Ideally both would be the case. Anyway, rant over. Hopefully someone will have some insight on this issue. Thanks all who bother to read this wall o'text for your time.

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  • No access to Samba shares

    - by koanhead
    I have three shared folders in my local home directory- that is to say, on my Ubuntu desktop's /home/me/. All were set up using "Sharing Options" in Nautilus' right-click menu. The standard "Music" and "Videos" folders are configured identically: the "Guest Access" box is checked, but the "Allow others to create and delete" is not. The third folder, called "shared", is configured to not allow Guest access but to allow others to modify files. I have not altered /etc/samba/smb.conf by hand, I have only used Sharing Options to create and modify these so-called "shares". My roommates have two Windows 7 computers and one Ubuntu Netbook Remix netbook. I have the aforementioned desktop machine and laptop running 10.04. None of these machines can access any of the shares. Attempts to access the Guest shares result in the message \\machine\directory is not accessible. The network name could not be found. This is the error message generated by a VM running Windows 2000. The other Windows machines generate a similar error. The Ubuntu laptop gives the error Unable to mount location: Failed to mount Windows share. Hurrah, once again, for informative error messages. That really helps a lot. When attempting to browse the folder called "shared" from the laptop, I'm confronted with a password dialog. This behavior is the same will all machines I've tried in the situation. On entering my username and password for the account to which the shares belong, the password dialog briefly disappears and is replaced with an identical dialog. No error message, useful or not, appears. When attempting to browse this folder with the VM, the outcome is the same except that the password dialog helpfully states "incorrect username or password". My assumption is that the username and password in question is that of the user which owns the shares. I have tried all other username and password combinations available in this context and the outcome is the same. I would like to be able to share files. Sharing them with Windows machines is a nice feature, or would be if it was available. Really I consider sharing files between two machines with the same version of the same operating system kind of a minimum condition for network usability. Samba last functioned reliably for me more than ten years ago. I have attempted to use it on and off since then with only intermittent success. Oh, and "Personal File Sharing" from the Preferences menu does not result in an entry in Places → Network → my-server. In fact, the old entry "MY-SERVER" goes away and is replaced by "koanhead's public files on my-server", which when I attempt to open it from the laptop gives a "DBus.Error.NoReply: Message did not receive a reply." I know I come here and gripe about Ubuntu a lot, but on the other hand I spend literally hours every day trying to fix things in Ubuntu. It's a good system which aspires to greatness, which is why things like this either Need to work; or Be adequately documented. Ideally both would be the case. Anyway, rant over. Hopefully someone will have some insight on this issue. Thanks all who bother to read this wall o'text for your time.

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