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  • Bash Completion Script Help

    - by inxilpro
    So I'm just starting to learn about bash completion scripts, and I started to work on one for a tool I use all the time. First I built the script using a set list of options: _zf_comp() { local cur prev actions COMPREPLY=() cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" prev="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" actions="change configure create disable enable show" COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${actions}" -- ${cur})) return 0 } complete -F _zf_comp zf This works fine. Next, I decided to dynamically create the list of available actions. I put together the following command: zf | grep "Providers and their actions:" -A 100 | grep -P "^\s*\033\[36m\s*zf" | awk '{gsub(/[[:space:]]*/, "", $3); print $3}' | sort | uniq | awk '{sub("\-", "\\-", $1); print $1}' | tr \\n " " | sed 's/^ *\(.*\) *$/\1/' Which basically does the following: Grabs all the text in the "zf" command after "Providers and their actions:" Grabs all the lines that start with "zf" (I had to do some fancy work here 'cause the ZF command prints in color) Grab the second piece of the command and remove any spaces from it (the spaces part is probably not needed any more) Sort the list Get rid of any duplicates Escape dashes (I added this when trying to debug the problem—probably not needed) Trim all new lines Trim all leading and ending spaces The above command produces: $ zf | grep "Providers and their actions:" -A 100 | grep -P "^\s*\033\[36m\s*zf" | awk '{gsub(/[[:space:]]*/, "", $3); print $3}' | sort | uniq | awk '{sub("\-", "\\-", $1); print $1}' | tr \\n " " | sed 's/^ *\(.*\) *$/\1/' change configure create disable enable show $ So it looks to me like it's producing the exact same string as I had in my original script. But when I do: _zf_comp() { local cur prev actions COMPREPLY=() cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" prev="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" actions=`zf | grep "Providers and their actions:" -A 100 | grep -P "^\s*\033\[36m\s*zf" | awk '{gsub(/[[:space:]]*/, "", $3); print $3}' | sort | uniq | awk '{sub("\-", "\\-", $1); print $1}' | tr \\n " " | sed 's/^ *\(.*\) *$/\1/'` COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${actions}" -- ${cur})) return 0 } complete -F _zf_comp zf My autocompletion starts acting up. First, it won't autocomplete anything with an "n" in it, and second, when it does autocomplete ("zf create" for example) it won't let me backspace over my completed command. The first issue I'm completely stumped on. The second I'm thinking might have to do with escape characters from the colored text. Any ideas? It's driving me crazy!

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  • Mac OS X Duplex Printing Paper Handling Oddness

    - by Christian Lindig
    I like to print on stationery with a pre-printed letterhead using the Preview.app and a duplex-capable HP PostScript (Color Laserjet 4700) printer. One would think that pre-printed stationery could be placed into one of the trays and then printed on front and reverse side. Unfortunately, the print dialog handles one and two-paged documents differently: the stationery needs to be placed differently into the tray if the document contains one page versus when it contains two pages. This is not obvious when printing on plain paper but becomes obvious once you mark, say, the upper left front corner of pages and then print different documents on them. I checked the PostScript code generated and indeed it is different for one versus two-page documents with respect to duplex printing, probably causing the difference in paper handling. Obviously this makes it difficult to print pre-printed stationery in duplex mode. I expected others to have stumbled upon this but could not find specific help so far. Any ideas? This is on OS X 10.6 and I checked two different printers.

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  • How Do I Properly Run OfflineIMAP in a Crontab

    - by alharaka
    Installed Fedora. # cat /etc/redhat_release | awk ' { print F "> " $0; print ""; }' Fedora release 14 (Laughlin) Installed offlineimap from yum, cuz I'm lazy these days. # yum info offlineimap | awk ' { print F "> " $0; print ""; }' Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit Adding en_US to language list Installed Packages Name : offlineimap Arch : noarch Version : 6.2.0 Release : 2.fc14 Size : 611 k Repo : installed From repo : fedora Summary : Powerful IMAP/Maildir synchronization and reader support URL : http://software.complete.org/offlineimap/ License : GPLv2+ Description : OfflineIMAP is a tool to simplify your e-mail reading. With : OfflineIMAP, you can read the same mailbox from multiple : computers. You get a current copy of your messages on each : computer, and changes you make one place will be visible on all : other systems. For instance, you can delete a message on your home : computer, and it will appear deleted on your work computer as : well. OfflineIMAP is also useful if you want to use a mail reader : that does not have IMAP support, has poor IMAP support, or does : not provide disconnected operation. And, lo and behold, every time I run offlineimap and try to redirect output in a crontab, it does not work. Below is my .offlineimaprc. [general] ui = TTY.TTYUI accounts = Personal, Work maxsyncaccounts = 3 [Account Personal] localrepository = Local.Personal remoterepository = Remote.Personal [Account Work] localrepository = Local.Work remoterepository = Remote.Work [Repository Local.Personal] type = Maildir localfolders = ~/mail/gmail [Repository Local.Work] type = Maildir localfolders = ~/mail/companymail [Repository Remote.Personal] type = IMAP remotehost = imap.gmail.com remoteuser = [email protected] remotepass = password ssl = yes maxconnections = 4 # Otherwise "deleting" a message will just remove any labels and # retain the message in the All Mail folder. realdelete = no [Repository Remote.Work] type = IMAP remotehost = server.company.tld remoteuser = username remotepass = password ssl = yes maxconnections = 4 I have tried TTY.TTYUI, NonInteractive.Quiet and NonInteractive.Basic with different variations. With or without redirection, the crontab entries I try cause problems. $ crontab -l | awk ' { print F "> " $0; print ""; }' */5 * * * * offlineimap >> ~/mail/logs/offlineimap.log 2>&1 */5 * * * * offlineimap I always get the same damn error ERROR: No UIs were found usable!. What am I doing wrong!?

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  • how to escape the ' in ssh?

    - by Dean Hiller
    I need to escape the ' in this command for ssh exec grep IPADDR /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |awk -F= '{print $2}' How do I escape that? I currentl y have this which does not work ssh host 'grep IPADDR /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |awk -F= '{print $2}'' nor does this ssh host 'grep IPADDR /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |awk -F= \'{print $2}\'' thanks, Dean

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  • How to avoid printing nearly blank pages?

    - by joelarson
    How many times have you printed an email just to have the last page be 2 or 3 lines of a person's signature (or worse, the "This is confidential" copy inserted by corporate mailservers)? How many times has the last page contained just the footer of the website? Does anyone know of a utility or print driver that can help avoid printing blank or nearly-blank pages? I am not looking for techniques for avoiding this in specific programs -- if I take the effort of doing print preview and then adjusting the pages to be printed, then of course I can avoid it. What I want something I can install that, whenever I push "Print" to any of the various printers I print to with my laptop, it automatically says "hmmm... I bet he doesn't really want that page which is 95% empty" and possibly prompts me to say "do you really want to waste paper on this?"

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  • adding remote ssh printer as local printer

    - by guest
    I have SSH access to a remote host (FreeBSD) that has a printer set up. I do not have root access on that host or any other special user rights. Now I want to print directly from my laptop on that printer (Ubuntu 10.10). The problem is that I don't know how to "import" or whatever the the printer, as it needs authetification from my user account (print quota limitations). E-mailing me the files I want to print or scp them every time is a pain, ATM I pipe the PostScript output manually to a ssh command, but that's also a huge working overhead. E.g. when I want to print a foo.pdf pdftops '/path/to/foo.pdf' - | ssh user@remotehost 'lpr -P printername' So, does anyone know of a smooth way to shorten this procedure? Ideally I would just want to use a printername instead of the whole ssh command

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  • How to test nginx proxy timeouts

    - by mkorszun
    Target: I would like to test all Nginx proxy timeout parameters in very simple scenario. My first approach was to create really simple HTTP server and put some timeouts: Between listen and accept to test proxy_connect_timeout Between accept and read to test proxy_send_timeout Between read and send to test proxy_read_timeout Test: 1) Server code (python): import socket import os import time import threading def http_resp(conn): conn.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n") conn.send("Content-Length: 0\r\n") conn.send("Content-Type: text/xml\r\n\r\n\r\n") def do(conn, addr): print 'Connected by', addr print 'Sleeping before reading data...' time.sleep(0) # Set to test proxy_send_timeout data = conn.recv(1024) print 'Sleeping before sending data...' time.sleep(0) # Set to test proxy_read_timeout http_resp(conn) print 'End of data stream, closing connection' conn.close() def main(): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) s.bind(('', int(os.environ['PORT']))) s.listen(1) print 'Sleeping before accept...' time.sleep(130) # Set to test proxy_connect_timeout while 1: conn, addr = s.accept() t = threading.Thread(target=do, args=(conn, addr)) t.start() if __name__ == "__main__": main() 2) Nginx configuration: I have extended Nginx default configuration by setting explicitly proxy_connect_timeout and adding proxy_pass pointing to my local HTTP server: location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8888; proxy_connect_timeout 200; } 3) Observation: proxy_connect_timeout - Even though setting it to 200s and sleeping only 130s between listen and accept Nginx returns 504 after ~60s which might be because of the default proxy_read_timeout value. I do not understand how proxy_read_timeout could affect connection at so early stage (before accept). I would expect 200 here. Please explain! proxy_send_timeout - I am not sure if my approach to test proxy_send_timeout is correct - i think i still do not understand this parameter correctly. After all, delay between accept and read does not force proxy_send_timeout. proxy_read_timeout - it seems to be pretty straightforward. Setting delay between read and write does the job. So I guess my assumptions are wrong and probably I do not understand proxy_connect and proxy_send timeouts properly. Can some explain them to me using above test if possible (or modifying if required).

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  • Okular (on Ubuntu 9.10) prints multiple pages per sheet (n-up) very small

    - by dgleich
    I'm trying to print a set of beamer slides with multiple slides per page (4-up or 6-up). When I select 4 pages or 6 pages per sheet in the Okular print dialog, the pages print quite small (perhaps even tiny -- about 1.75" by 1.25") and leave significant white-space on the page. I can get around this behavior by using the pdfnup utility (in the pdfjam package); which will correctly generate a 4- or 6-up pdf file but it's annoying to generate a second pdf file when I should be able to accomplish this task from the print dialog. Details: Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic), 64-bit, Color Postscript printer.

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  • Windows 2008 Server Firewall blocks from printing in other subnet

    - by xenolf
    Greetings, i have a windows 2008 server with activated firewall in the 192.168.0.xx subnet. From there i want to print on an printer which is located in the 192.168.10.xx subnet. Now when i try to print with the firewall on, nothing happens... when i turn the firewall off it prints flawlessly. Now i messed around with the windows firewall for about 4 hours straight and i cant seem to find a rule which lets me print. Even when i set the firewall to let everything through im unable to print. Has anyone encountered the same or a similar problem and has a solution for this issue? Thanks in advance xenolf

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  • Directly printing to remote CUPS/IPP server on Snow Leopard

    - by Martin v. Löwis
    I need to use Kerberos authentication when printing from my OSX machine, however, the machine itself does not have a service account in active directory, so the KDC will not issue a delegation ticket for the local CUPS installation. I think printing could work if the printing framework would directly print to the network CUPS server (or even to the Windows print server), bypassing the local CUPS. Is it possible to setup printing so that it directly accesses the remote print server? (asking for a service ticket for that server would succeed)

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  • linux/solaris kill many proccess with one command

    - by yael
    Is it possible to kill all find process with one command? I do not want to kill each process as kill -9 25295 , kill -9 11994 , etc.. Rather, what I want is a simple way or command that kill all find process (my target is to perfrom this action on linux and solaris machines). $ ps -ef | grep find root 25295 25290 0 08:59:59 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.152 {} ; -print root 11994 26144 0 09:04:18 pts/1 0:00 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.153 {} ; -print root 25366 25356 0 08:59:59 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.154 {} ; -print root 26703 26658 0 09:00:05 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.155 {} ; -print

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  • Converting DOCX files to PDF via SSH without losing formatting

    - by Reado
    I'm struggling to find a solution that will allow me to convert a DOCX file to a PDF without losing or malforming the formatting of the document on CentOS 5.7. I have tried CUPS-PDF but it doesn't work; spool files appear in the /var/spool folder but nothing happens after that. OpenOffice and LibreOffice converted a DOCX to PDF but the formatting was all wrong. However if I print the DOCX to a Windows PDF printer from my Windows 7 workstation, it outputs to PDF absolutely fine. So why can't Linux do the same? I tried to print via CUPS to the Windows PDF printer (shared) but the document appears in the queue as "Remote Downlevel Document" and doesn't print. This only happens when I print from Linux.

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  • Directly printing to remote CUPS/IPP server on Snow Leopard

    - by Martin v. Löwis
    I need to use Kerberos authentication when printing from my OSX machine, however, the machine itself does not have a service account in active directory, so the KDC will not issue a delegation ticket for the local CUPS installation. I think printing could work if the printing framework would directly print to the network CUPS server (or even to the Windows print server), bypassing the local CUPS. Is it possible to setup printing so that it directly accesses the remote print server? (asking for a service ticket for that server would succeed)

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  • Printer offline until spooler service is restarted multiple times

    - by Zian Choy
    When I try to print from my ThinkPad to a printer shared through a Windows 7 Homegroup hosted by a desktop computer, I often have to restart the Print Spooler service several times before the job will go through. In particular, this problem occurs when the desktop is in sleep mode when the print job is started and then brought out of sleep mode after the print job has been kicked off. Both computers are running Windows 7 32-bit edition with the latest patches. I have tried the following with no improvement: SNMP registry hack (see MS KB for details) Following the instructions in a blog post entitled "Sharing Printers on Vista 64-bit" Looking at Printer offline until spooler service is restarted

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  • The plugin of munin is always timed out

    - by haoX
    I want to use munin to make a graph of ttyACM0 in Linux, but munin can not create the graph. I found some information in "munin-node.log". it shows that "Service 'temperature' timed out". So I changed timeout to 60 or 120 in /munin/plugin-conf.d/munin-node, but it does not work. It's also timed out. Here is part of my code: if [ "$1" = "config" ]; then echo 'graph_title Temperature of board' echo 'graph_args --base 1000 -l 0' echo 'graph_vlabel temperature(°C)' echo 'graph_category temperature' echo 'graph_scale no' echo 'graph_info This graph shows the temperature of board' for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do case $i in 1) TYPE="Under PCB" ;; 2) TYPE="HDD" ;; 3) TYPE="PHY" ;; 4) TYPE="CPU" ;; 5) TYPE="Ambience" ;; esac name=$(clean_name $TYPE) if [ "$TYPE" != "NA" ]; then echo "temp_$name.label $TYPE"; fi done exit 0 fi for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do case $i in 1) TYPE="Under PCB" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $1}') ;; 2) TYPE="HDD" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $2}') ;; 3) TYPE="PHY" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $3}') ;; 4) TYPE="CPU" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $4}') ;; 5) TYPE="Ambience" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $5}') ;; esac name=$(clean_name $TYPE) if [ "$TYPE" != "NA" ]; then echo "temp_$name.value $VALUE" fi

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  • Problem installing CanonMF5880dn

    - by Paul
    Just got a CanonMF5880dn and cannot print to it from Suse 11.1 MacBook prints w/o issue ping 192.168.1.103 no problem cups sees it as Canon MF5880/MF5840 PCL at URI socket://192.168.1.103:9100 cups test print appears to submit and complete job but no action from printer Yast also seems to install printer correctly CQue2 also seems to install printer correctly all attempts to print yield same results: Suse indicates job processed correctly and completely but no printing happens. firewall is off http://192.168.1.103 in FF gives me the printer config menus correctly What have I failed to do?

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  • Pictures Are Printed Extremely Dark

    - by Sam
    Problem I printed a picture using Windows Photo Viewer, and the resulting print was significantly darker than the original image. It was almost completely black. I'm using a Brother HL-2270DW printer. Troubleshooting Checked Windows's Colour Profile for printer: not set Checked available installed colour profiles: didn't see specific to this printer What doesn't work Printing it from Windows Photo Viewer Printing it from Paint.NET What works The printer's built-in self-test print page Windows's test print page Printing text from Notepad++ So the problem might be specific to: How Windows prints photos/pictures The picture How the printer prints photos/pictures

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  • Okular (on Ubuntu 9.10) prints multiple pages per sheet (n-up) very small

    - by user23884
    I'm trying to print a set of beamer slides with multiple slides per page (4-up or 6-up). When I select 4 pages or 6 pages per sheet in the Okular print dialog, the pages print quite small (perhaps even tiny -- about 1.75" by 1.25") and leave significant white-space on the page. I can get around this behavior by using the pdfnup utility (in the pdfjam package); which will correctly generate a 4- or 6-up pdf file but it's annoying to generate a second pdf file when I should be able to accomplish this task from the print dialog. Details: Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic), 64-bit, Color Postscript printer.

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  • how to change the existing printed line in AWK

    - by manimaran
    Hi, when i execute the following line, its prints the words in newline. awk 'BEGIN { print "line one\nline two\nline three" }' like line one line two line three How can i print the info in the same line with flush the existing line. For example, while executing the loop, it should print 'one' then wipe out the line and prints 'two' then wipe out the line and prints 'three' etc. can you please assist me?

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  • Only show changed files while syncing from ext4 to NTFS

    - by qox
    I would like rsync to print modified and deleted files. The verbose option (-v) does print modified files but also the list of subdirectories, maybe because touched directories are considered modified. Since I sync a lot of files from a lot of subdirectories, it's impossible to see the actual changes. So, is there a way to not print directories using rsync ? Im not looking for grep -v "*/$" kind of answers since it would also exclude new directories. Command I am using: rsync -avh --delete /media/data/src /media/data/bkp And everytime it prints the list of all directories: src/dir1/ src/dir1/sdir1/ src/dir1/sdir2/ src/dir2/ ..... Thanks for your help. EDIT: Ok, after some intensive tests .. It doesn't print all directories when syncing from an ext4 partition to an ext4 and from NTFS to NTFS. It only does when syncing from ext4 to NTFS .. And options '-c' or '--omit-dir-times' don't change that.

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  • Maze not being random.

    - by Matt Habel
    Hey there, I am building a program that generates a maze so I can later translate the path to my graphical part. I have most of it working, however, every time you can just take the east and south routes, and you'll get to the end. Even if I set the width as high as 64, so the maze is 64*64, I'm able to choose those 2 options and get to the end every time. I really don't understand why it is doing that. The code is below, it's fairly easy to understand. import random width = 8 def check(x,y): """Figures out the directions that Gen can move while""" if x-1 == -1: maze[x][y][3] = 0 if x+1 == width + 1: maze[x][y][1] = 0 if y+1 == width + 1: maze[x][y][2] = 0 if y-1 == -1: maze[x][y][0] = 0 if x + 1 in range(0,width) and visited[x+1][y] == False: maze[x][y][1] = 2 if x - 1 in range(0,width) and visited[x-1][y] == False: maze[x][y][3] = 2 if y + 1 in range(0,width) and visited[x][y+1] == False: maze[x][y][2] = 2 if y - 1 in range(0,width) and visited[x][y-1] == False: maze[x][y][0] = 2 def possibleDirs(x,y): """Figures out the ways that the person can move in each square""" dirs = [] walls = maze[x][y] if walls[0] == 1: dirs.append('n') if walls[1] == 1: dirs.append('e') if walls[2] == 1: dirs.append('s') if walls[3] == 1: dirs.append('w') return dirs def Gen(x,y): """Generates the maze using a depth-first search and recursive backtracking.""" visited[x][y] = True dirs = [] check(x,y) if maze[x][y][0] == 2: dirs.append(0) if maze[x][y][1] == 2: dirs.append(1) if maze[x][y][2] == 2: dirs.append(2) if maze[x][y][3] == 2: dirs.append(3) print dirs if len(dirs): #Randonly selects a derection for the current square to move past.append(current[:]) pos = random.choice(dirs) maze[x][y][pos] = 1 if pos == 0: current[1] -= 1 maze[x][y-1][2] = 1 if pos == 1: current[0] += 1 maze[x+1][y][3] = 1 if pos == 2: current[1] += 1 maze[x][y+1][0] = 1 if pos == 3: current[0] -= 1 maze[x-1][y][1] = 1 else: #If there's nowhere to go, go back one square lastPlace = past.pop() current[0] = lastPlace[0] current[1] = lastPlace[1] #Build the initial values for the maze to be replaced later maze = [] visited = [] past = [] #Generate empty 2d list with a value for each of the xy coordinates for i in range(0,width): maze.append([]) for q in range(0, width): maze[i].append([]) for n in range(0, 4): maze[i][q].append(4) #Makes a list of falses for all the non visited places for x in range(0, width): visited.append([]) for y in range(0, width): visited[x].append(False) dirs = [] print dirs current = [0,0] #Generates the maze so every single square has been filled. I'm not sure how this works, as it is possible to only go south and east to get to the final position. while current != [width-1, width-1]: Gen(current[0], current[1]) #Getting the ways the person can move in each square for i in range(0,width): dirs.append([]) for n in range(0,width): dirs[i].append([]) dirs[i][n] = possibleDirs(i,n) print dirs print visited pos = [0,0] #The user input part of the maze while pos != [width - 1, width - 1]: dirs = [] print pos if maze[pos[0]][pos[1]][0] == 1: dirs.append('n') if maze[pos[0]][pos[1]][1] == 1: dirs.append('e') if maze[pos[0]][pos[1]][2] == 1: dirs.append('s') if maze[pos[0]][pos[1]][3] == 1: dirs.append('w') print dirs path = raw_input("What direction do you want to go: ") if path not in dirs: print "You can't go that way!" continue elif path.lower() == 'n': pos[1] -= 1 elif path.lower() == 'e': pos[0] += 1 elif path.lower() == 's': pos[1] += 1 elif path.lower() == 'w': pos[0] -= 1 print"Good job!" As you can see, I think the problem is at the point where I generate the maze, however, when I just have it go until the current point is at the end, it doesn't fill every maze and is usually just one straight path. Thanks for helping. Update: I have changed the for loop that generates the maze to a simple while loop and it seems to work much better. It seems that when the for loop ran, it didn't go recursively, however, in the while loop it's perfectly fine. However, now all the squares do not fill out.

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  • Best style for Python programs: what do you suggest?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    A friend of mine wanted help learning to program, so he gave me all the programs that he wrote for his previous classes. The last program that he wrote was an encryption program, and after rewriting all his programs in Python, this is how his encryption program turned out (after adding my own requirements). #! /usr/bin/env python ################################################################################ """\ CLASS INFORMATION ----------------- Program Name: Program 11 Programmer: Stephen Chappell Instructor: Stephen Chappell for CS 999-0, Python Due Date: 17 May 2010 DOCUMENTATION ------------- This is a simple encryption program that can encode and decode messages.""" ################################################################################ import sys KEY_FILE = 'Key.txt' BACKUP = '''\ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\ PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ _@/6-UC'GzaV0%5Mo9g+yNh8b">Bi=<Lx [sQn#^R.D2Xc(\ Jm!4e${lAEWud&t7]H\`}pvPw)FY,Z~?qK|3SOfk*:1;jTrI''' ################################################################################ def main(): "Run the program: loads key, runs processing loop, and saves key." encode_map, decode_map = load_key(KEY_FILE) try: run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map) except SystemExit: pass save_key(KEY_FILE, encode_map) def run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map): "Shows the menu and runs the appropriate command." print('This program handles encryption via a customizable key.') while True: print('''\ MENU ==== (1) Encode (2) Decode (3) Custom (4) Finish''') switch = get_character('Select: ', tuple('1234')) FUNC[switch](encode_map, decode_map) def get_character(prompt, choices): "Gets a valid menu option and returns it." while True: sys.stdout.write(prompt) sys.stdout.flush() line = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1] if not line: sys.exit() if line in choices: return line print(repr(line), 'is not a valid choice.') ################################################################################ def load_key(filename): "Gets the key file data and returns encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = open_file(filename) return dict(zip(plain, cypher)), dict(zip(cypher, plain)) def open_file(filename): "Load the keys and tries to create it when not available." while True: try: with open(filename) as file: plain, cypher = file.read().split('\n') return plain, cypher except: with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(BACKUP) def save_key(filename, encode_map): "Dumps the map into two buffers and saves them to the key file." plain = cypher = str() for p, c in encode_map.items(): plain += p cypher += c with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(plain + '\n' + cypher) ################################################################################ def encode(encode_map, decode_map): "Encodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to encode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(encode_map[char] if char in encode_map else char) def decode(encode_map, decode_map): "Decodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to decode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(decode_map[char] if char in decode_map else char) def custom(encode_map, decode_map): "Allows user to edit the encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = get_new_mapping() for p, c in zip(plain, cypher): encode_map[p] = c decode_map[c] = p ################################################################################ def get_message(): "Gets and returns text entered by the user (until EOF)." buffer = [] while True: line = sys.stdin.readline() if line: buffer.append(line) else: return ''.join(buffer) def get_new_mapping(): "Prompts for strings to edit encoding/decoding maps." while True: plain = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode from?') cypher = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode to?') if len(plain) == len(cypher): return plain, cypher print('Both lines should have the same length.') def get_unique_chars(prompt): "Gets strings that only contain unique characters." print(prompt) while True: line = input() if len(line) == len(set(line)): return line print('There were duplicate characters: please try again.') ################################################################################ # This map is used for dispatching commands in the interface loop. FUNC = {'1': encode, '2': decode, '3': custom, '4': lambda a, b: sys.exit()} ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() For all those Python programmers out there, your help is being requested. How should the formatting (not necessarily the coding by altered to fit Python's style guide? My friend does not need to be learning things that are not correct. If you have suggestions on the code, feel free to post them to this wiki as well.

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  • Differing styles in Python program: what do you suggest?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    A friend of mine wanted help learning to program, so he gave me all the programs that he wrote for his previous classes. The last program that he wrote was an encryption program, and after rewriting all his programs in Python, this is how his encryption program turned out (after adding my own requirements). #! /usr/bin/env python ################################################################################ """\ CLASS INFORMATION ----------------- Program Name: Program 11 Programmer: Stephen Chappell Instructor: Stephen Chappell for CS 999-0, Python Due Date: 17 May 2010 DOCUMENTATION ------------- This is a simple encryption program that can encode and decode messages.""" ################################################################################ import sys KEY_FILE = 'Key.txt' BACKUP = '''\ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\ PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ _@/6-UC'GzaV0%5Mo9g+yNh8b">Bi=<Lx [sQn#^R.D2Xc(\ Jm!4e${lAEWud&t7]H\`}pvPw)FY,Z~?qK|3SOfk*:1;jTrI''' ################################################################################ def main(): "Run the program: loads key, runs processing loop, and saves key." encode_map, decode_map = load_key(KEY_FILE) try: run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map) except SystemExit: pass save_key(KEY_FILE, encode_map) def run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map): "Shows the menu and runs the appropriate command." print('This program handles encryption via a customizable key.') while True: print('''\ MENU ==== (1) Encode (2) Decode (3) Custom (4) Finish''') switch = get_character('Select: ', tuple('1234')) FUNC[switch](encode_map, decode_map) def get_character(prompt, choices): "Gets a valid menu option and returns it." while True: sys.stdout.write(prompt) sys.stdout.flush() line = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1] if not line: sys.exit() if line in choices: return line print(repr(line), 'is not a valid choice.') ################################################################################ def load_key(filename): "Gets the key file data and returns encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = open_file(filename) return dict(zip(plain, cypher)), dict(zip(cypher, plain)) def open_file(filename): "Load the keys and tries to create it when not available." while True: try: with open(filename) as file: plain, cypher = file.read().split('\n') return plain, cypher except: with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(BACKUP) def save_key(filename, encode_map): "Dumps the map into two buffers and saves them to the key file." plain = cypher = str() for p, c in encode_map.items(): plain += p cypher += c with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(plain + '\n' + cypher) ################################################################################ def encode(encode_map, decode_map): "Encodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to encode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(encode_map[char] if char in encode_map else char) def decode(encode_map, decode_map): "Decodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to decode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(decode_map[char] if char in decode_map else char) def custom(encode_map, decode_map): "Allows user to edit the encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = get_new_mapping() for p, c in zip(plain, cypher): encode_map[p] = c decode_map[c] = p ################################################################################ def get_message(): "Gets and returns text entered by the user (until EOF)." buffer = [] while True: line = sys.stdin.readline() if line: buffer.append(line) else: return ''.join(buffer) def get_new_mapping(): "Prompts for strings to edit encoding/decoding maps." while True: plain = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode from?') cypher = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode to?') if len(plain) == len(cypher): return plain, cypher print('Both lines should have the same length.') def get_unique_chars(prompt): "Gets strings that only contain unique characters." print(prompt) while True: line = input() if len(line) == len(set(line)): return line print('There were duplicate characters: please try again.') ################################################################################ # This map is used for dispatching commands in the interface loop. FUNC = {'1': encode, '2': decode, '3': custom, '4': lambda a, b: sys.exit()} ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() For all those Python programmers out there, your help is being requested. How should the formatting (not necessarily the coding by altered to fit Python's style guide? My friend does not need to be learning things that are not correct. If you have suggestions on the code, feel free to post them to this wiki as well.

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  • Reading a user input (character or string of letters) into ggplot command inside a switch statement or a nested ifelse (with functions in it)

    - by statisticalbeginner
    I have code like AA <- as.integer(readline("Select any number")) switch(AA, 1={ num <-as.integer(readline("Select any one of the options \n")) print('You have selected option 1') #reading user data var <- readline("enter the variable name \n") #aggregating the data based on required condition gg1 <- aggregate(cbind(get(var))~Mi+hours,a, FUN=mean) #Ploting ggplot(gg1, aes(x = hours, y = get(var), group = Mi, fill = Mi, color = Mi)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(stat="smooth", alpha = I(0.01)) }, 2={ print('bar') }, { print('default') } ) The dataset is [dataset][1] I have loaded the dataset into object list a <- read.table(file.choose(), header=FALSE,col.names= c("Ei","Mi","hours","Nphy","Cphy","CHLphy","Nhet","Chet","Ndet","Cdet","DON","DOC","DIN","DIC","AT","dCCHO","TEPC","Ncocco","Ccocco","CHLcocco","PICcocco","par","Temp","Sal","co2atm","u10","dicfl","co2ppm","co2mol","pH")) I am getting error like source ("switch_statement_check.R") Select any one of the options 1 [1] "You have selected option 1" enter the variable name Nphy Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos) : (list) object cannot be coerced to type 'double' > gg1 is getting data that is fine. I dont know what to do to make the variable entered by user to work in that ggplot command. Please suggest any solution for this. The dput output structure(list(Ei = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), Mi = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), hours = 1:6, Nphy = c(0.1023488, 0.104524, 0.1064772, 0.1081702, 0.1095905, 0.110759), Cphy = c(0.6534707, 0.6448216, 0.6369597, 0.6299084, 0.6239005, 0.6191941), CHLphy = c(0.1053458, 0.110325, 0.1148174, 0.1187672, 0.122146, 0.1249877), Nhet = c(0.04994161, 0.04988347, 0.04982555, 0.04976784, 0.04971029, 0.04965285), Chet = c(0.3308593, 0.3304699, 0.3300819, 0.3296952, 0.3293089, 0.3289243), Ndet = c(0.04991916, 0.04984045, 0.04976363, 0.0496884, 0.04961446, 0.04954156), Cdet = c(0.3307085, 0.3301691, 0.3296314, 0.3290949, 0.3285598, 0.3280252), DON = c(0.05042275, 0.05085697, 0.05130091, 0.05175249, 0.05220978, 0.05267118 ), DOC = c(49.76304, 49.52745, 49.29323, 49.06034, 48.82878, 48.59851), DIN = c(14.9933, 14.98729, 14.98221, 14.9781, 14.97485, 14.97225), DIC = c(2050.132, 2050.264, 2050.396, 2050.524, 2050.641, 2050.758), AT = c(2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007, 2150.007), dCCHO = c(0.964222, 0.930869, 0.8997098, 0.870544, 0.843196, 0.8175117), TEPC = c(0.1339044, 0.1652179, 0.1941872, 0.2210289, 0.2459341, 0.2690721), Ncocco = c(0.1040715, 0.1076058, 0.1104229, 0.1125141, 0.1140222, 0.1151228), Ccocco = c(0.6500288, 0.6386706, 0.6291149, 0.6213265, 0.6152447, 0.6108502), CHLcocco = c(0.1087667, 0.1164099, 0.1225822, 0.1273103, 0.1308843, 0.1336465), PICcocco = c(0.1000664, 0.1001396, 0.1007908, 0.101836, 0.1034179, 0.1055634), par = c(0, 0, 0.8695131, 1.551317, 2.777707, 4.814341), Temp = c(9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9, 9.9), Sal = c(31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31, 31.31), co2atm = c(370, 370, 370, 370, 370, 370), u10 = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01), dicfl = c(-2.963256, -2.971632, -2.980446, -2.989259, -2.997877, -3.005702), co2ppm = c(565.1855, 565.7373, 566.3179, 566.8983, 567.466, 567.9814), co2mol = c(0.02562326, 0.02564828, 0.0256746, 0.02570091, 0.02572665, 0.02575002 ), pH = c(7.879427, 7.879042, 7.878636, 7.878231, 7.877835, 7.877475)), .Names = c("Ei", "Mi", "hours", "Nphy", "Cphy", "CHLphy", "Nhet", "Chet", "Ndet", "Cdet", "DON", "DOC", "DIN", "DIC", "AT", "dCCHO", "TEPC", "Ncocco", "Ccocco", "CHLcocco", "PICcocco", "par", "Temp", "Sal", "co2atm", "u10", "dicfl", "co2ppm", "co2mol", "pH"), row.names = c(NA, 6L), class = "data.frame") As per the below suggestions I have tried a lot but it is not working. Summarizing I will say: var <- readline("enter a variable name") I cant use get(var) inside any command but not inside ggplot, it wont work. gg1$var it also doesnt work, even after changing the column names. Does it have a solution or should I just choose to import from an excel sheet, thats better? Tried with if else and functions fun1 <- function() { print('You have selected option 1') my <- as.character((readline("enter the variable name \n"))) gg1 <- aggregate(cbind(get(my))~Mi+hours,a, FUN=mean) names(gg1)[3] <- my #print(names(gg1)) ggplot (gg1,aes_string(x="hours",y=(my),group="Mi",color="Mi")) + geom_point() } my <- as.integer(readline("enter a number")) ifelse(my == 1,fun1(),"") ifelse(my == 2,print ("its 2"),"") ifelse(my == 3,print ("its 3"),"") ifelse(my != (1 || 2|| 3) ,print("wrong number"),"") Not working either...:(

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  • How can I share Perl data structures through a socket?

    - by pavun_cool
    In sockets I have written the client server program. First I tried to send the normal string among them it sends fine. After that I tried to send the hash and array values from client to server and server to client. When I print the values using Dumper, it gives me only the reference value. What should I do to get the actual values in client server? Server Program: use IO::Socket; use strict; use warnings; my %hash = ( "name" => "pavunkumar " , "age" => 20 ) ; my $new = \%hash ; #Turn on System variable for Buffering output $| = 1; # Creating a a new socket my $socket= IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalPort=>5000,Proto=>'tcp',Localhost => 'localhost','Listen' => 5 , 'Reuse' => 1 ); die "could not create $! \n" unless ( $socket ); print "\nUDPServer Waiting port 5000\n"; my $new_sock = $socket->accept(); my $host = $new_sock->peerhost(); while(<$new_sock>) { #my $line = <$new_sock>; print Dumper "$host $_"; print $new_sock $new . "\n"; } print "$host is closed \n" ; Client Program use IO::Socket; use Data::Dumper ; use warnings ; use strict ; my %hash = ( "file" =>"log.txt" , size => "1000kb") ; my $ref = \%hash ; # This client for connecting the specified below address and port # INET function will create the socket file and establish the connection with # server my $port = shift || 5000 ; my $host = shift || 'localhost'; my $recv_data ; my $send_data; my $socket = new IO::Socket::INET ( PeerAddr => $host , PeerPort => $port , Proto => 'tcp', ) or die "Couldn't connect to Server\n"; while (1) { my $line = <stdin> ; print $socket $ref."\n"; if ( $line = <$socket> ) { print Dumper $line ; } else { print "Server is closed \n"; last ; } } I have given my sample program about what I am doing. Can any one tell me what I am doing wrong in this code? And what I need to do for accessing the hash values?

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