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  • Sticky connection and HTTPS support for HAProxy

    - by Saif
    Hi Mates, We have 2 HTTP Load balancer with HAproxy and heartbeat. There are 4 apache nodes in this cluster. It's doing round robin load balancing. The HTTP cluster working fine. We are having problem with our portal because it uses SSO. We need sticky connection support in our HAproxy. Also we need load balancing for HTTPS traffic. Here's our HAproxy conf file. global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main *:5000 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js use_backend static if url_static default_backend app #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static balance roundrobin server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend app listen ha-http 10.190.1.28:80 mode http stats enable stats auth admin:xxxxxx balance roundrobin cookie JSESSIONID prefix option httpclose option forwardfor option httpchk HEAD /haproxy.txt HTTP/1.0 server apache1 portal-04:80 cookie A check server apache2 im-01:80 cookie B check server apache3 im-02:80 cookie B check server apache4 im-03:80 cookie B check Please advice. Thanks for your help in advance.

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  • Avoiding DNS timeouts when a dns server fails

    - by user65124
    Hi there. We have a small datacenter with about a hundred hosts pointing to 3 internal dns servers (bind 9). Our problem comes when one of the internal dns servers becomes unavailable. At that point all the clients that point to that server start performing very slowly. The problem seems to be that the stock linux resolver doesn't really have the concept of "failing over" to a different dns server. You can adjust the timeout and number of retries it uses, (and set rotate so it will work through the list), but no matter what settings one uses our services perform much more slowly if a primary dns server becomes unavailable. At the moment this is one of the largest sources of service disruptions for us. My ideal answer would be something like "RTFM: tweak /etc/resolv.conf like this...", but if that's an option I haven't seen it. I was wondering how other folks handled this issue? I can see 3 possible types of solutions: Use linux-ha/Pacemaker and failover ips (so the dns IP VIPs are "always" available). Alas, we don't have a good fencing infrastructure, and without fencing pacemaker doesn't work very well (in my experience Pacemaker lowers availability without fencing). Run a local dns server on each node, and have resolv.conf point to localhost. This would work, but it would give us a lot more services to monitor and manage. Run a local cache on each node. Folks seem to consider nscd "broken", but dnrd seems to have the right feature set: it marks dns servers as up or down, and won't use 'down' dns servers. Any-casting seems to work only at the ip routing level, and depends on route updates for server failure. Multi-casting seemed like it would be a perfect answer, but bind does not support broadcasting or multi-casting, and the docs I could find seem to suggest that multicast dns is more aimed at service discovery and auto-configuration rather than regular dns resolving. Am I missing an obvious solution?

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  • JBossMQ - Clustered Queues/NameNotFoundException: QueueConnectionFactory error

    - by mfarver
    I am trying to get an application working on a JBoss Cluster. It uses Queues internally, and the developer claims that it should work correctly in a clustered environment. I have jbossmq setup as a ha-singleton on the cluster. The application works correctly on whichever node currently is running the queue, but fails on the other nodes with a: "javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: QueueConnectionFactory not bound" error. I can look at JNDIview from the jmx-console and see that indeed the QueueConnectionFactory class only appears on the primary node in the Global context. Is there a way to see the Cluster's JNDI listing instead of each server? The steps I took from a default Jboss 4.2.3.GA installation were to use the "all" configuration. Then removed /server/all/deploy/hsqldb-ds.xml and /deploy-hasingleton/jms/hsqldb-jdbc2-service.xml, copying the example/jms/mysq-jdbc2-service.xml file into its place (editing that file to use DefaultDS instead of MySqlDS). Finally I created a mysql-ds.xml file in the deploy directory pointing "DefaultDS" at an empty database. I created a -services.xml file in the deploy directory with the queue definition. like the one below: <server> <mbean code="org.jboss.mq.server.jmx.Queue" name="jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=myfirstqueue"> <depends optional-attribute-name="DestinationManager"> jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager </depends> </mbean> </server> All of the other cluster features of working, the servers list each other in the view, and sessions are replicating back and forth. The JBoss documentation is somewhat light in this area, is there another setting I might have missed? Or is this likely to be a code issue (is there different code to do a JNDI lookup in a clusted environment?) Thanks

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  • mysql master-master setup as a way to simply master-slave promotion

    - by Chris Go
    I'm trying to see if the following plan is viable. Goal here is to be able to do HA (uptime) and not necessarily for load -- writes are fine on one MySQL 5.5 server (with innodb) but not really possible when the database is down. Currently, I have a master-slave replication setup which works fine except it doesn't have automatic promotion (obviously). what I am planning on doing is setup master-master replication to possibly do this "automatic promotion" using Amazon Route 53 DNS Failover (Health checks). What I am trying to avoid is to NOT have to do the auto-increment trick because the "business folks" got used to the auto-incrementing PK as consecutive numbers (yeah, I know this is bad but data is from 2004). So, setup the master-master replication WITHOUT the auto-increment collision prevention bit. The primary master is db1.domain.com and secondary master is db2.domain.com In Amazon Route 53, setup DNS Failover record for db.domain.com - primary failover is db1.domain.com - with a TCP healthcheck on IP address port 3306 - secondary failover is db2.domain.com - with a TCP healthcheck on IP address port 3306 Most of the time (99%), unless tcp://db1.domain.com:3306 is dead, db1.domain.com will be served up on DNS hits to db.domain.com. In fact, hopefully this is 100%. The possible downsides of this is the loss of a primary key (collision) and I think I am OK with losing one order. We are a low data volume B2B business and can just call our client up if this occurs (like an order disappearing). Does this sound like a good plan? Then I will also run another slave replication on db1.domain.com as "master" to a slave-db1.domain.com -- not sure why, maybe for heavy SELECTs?

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  • Sticky connection and HTTPS support for HAProxy

    - by Saif
    We have 2 HTTP Load balancer with HAproxy and heartbeat. There are 4 apache nodes in this cluster. It's doing round robin load balancing. The HTTP cluster working fine. We are having problem with our portal because it uses SSO. We need sticky connection support in our HAproxy. Also we need load balancing for HTTPS traffic. Here's our HAproxy conf file. global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main *:5000 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js use_backend static if url_static default_backend app #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static balance roundrobin server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend app listen ha-http 10.190.1.28:80 mode http stats enable stats auth admin:xxxxxx balance roundrobin cookie JSESSIONID prefix option httpclose option forwardfor option httpchk HEAD /haproxy.txt HTTP/1.0 server apache1 portal-04:80 cookie A check server apache2 im-01:80 cookie B check server apache3 im-02:80 cookie B check server apache4 im-03:80 cookie B check Please advice. Thanks for your help in advance.

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  • Windows Server 2008R2 Virtual Lab Activation strategies?

    - by William Hilsum
    I have a ESXi server that I use for testing, however, I am often needing to create additional Windows Server virtual machines. Typically, if I do not need a VM for more than 30 days, I simply do not activate. However, I have been doing a lot of HA/DRS testing recently and I have had a few servers up for more than this time. I have a MSDN account with Microsoft and have already received extra keys for Windows Server 2008 R2. I am doing nothing illegal and I am sure if I asked, they would issue more - but, I do not want to tempt fate! I have got 3 different "activated" windows snapshots I can get to at any time. If I try to clone these machines, I get the usual "did you copy or move them VM" message. If I choose copy, as far as I can see, it changes the BIOS ID and NIC MACs which is enough to disable activation. If I choose move, it keeps the activation fine (obviously, I know to change the NIC MAC - I believe I can leave the BIOS ID without problems). However, either of these options keeps the same SID code for the computer and user accounts. After the activation period has expired, as far as I can see, all that happens is optional updates do not work - it seems that the normal updates work fine. Based on this, as you can easily get in to Windows when not activated without any sort of workaround, I was wondering if it is ok just to leave a machine un activated? (However, I obviously would prefer if it was activated!) Alternatively, how dangerous is it run multiple machines on a non domain environment with the same SID? I am just interested to know if anyone can recommend a strategy for me? I have only found one solution that deals with bypassing activation - I am not interested in doing anything remotely dodgy... at a stretch, I am happy to rearm (I have never needed to keep a server past 100 days), but, I would rather have a proper strategy in place.

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  • New virtualization project and old SAN

    - by Chris
    Hi, We'll start shortly a partial virtualization of our infrastructure and consolidate a dozen servers into virtuals instances. We'll also add some client application virtualization into the mix for good measure. Two HP DL 380 with the new xeons 56xx and 96 GB of memory each running xenserver + xenapp will then take charge of most of our IT needs. So far, so good. One element that is missing from the picture is the storage part. We need some sort of shared storage to enable live motion and other HA features. We have an IBM DS 4300 SAN that we can use for that. But since it's in production since 2005, I'm not sure about such a critical role for a 5yr old part. So my question is: What is the reliability of this kind of equipment after 5 yr ? Can it last 10 yr with no or few problems ? Since our budjet is tight, not buying another SAN will be a big plus. This lead me to another question: FC disks cost an arm and a leg from IBM. When I type the replacement # in google (for example IBM 300GB 15K 4GBPS FC HDD 42D0410), I can find it at a fraction of the price at various sites. So am I stupid to buy from IBM or naive to trust 3rd party reseller ?? Thanks, Chris

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  • Avoiding DNS timeouts when a dns server fails

    - by Neil Katin
    We have a small datacenter with about a hundred hosts pointing to 3 internal dns servers (bind 9). Our problem comes when one of the internal dns servers becomes unavailable. At that point all the clients that point to that server start performing very slowly. The problem seems to be that the stock linux resolver doesn't really have the concept of "failing over" to a different dns server. You can adjust the timeout and number of retries it uses, (and set rotate so it will work through the list), but no matter what settings one uses our services perform much more slowly if a primary dns server becomes unavailable. At the moment this is one of the largest sources of service disruptions for us. My ideal answer would be something like "RTFM: tweak /etc/resolv.conf like this...", but if that's an option I haven't seen it. I was wondering how other folks handled this issue? I can see 3 possible types of solutions: Use linux-ha/Pacemaker and failover ips (so the dns IP VIPs are "always" available). Alas, we don't have a good fencing infrastructure, and without fencing pacemaker doesn't work very well (in my experience Pacemaker lowers availability without fencing). Run a local dns server on each node, and have resolv.conf point to localhost. This would work, but it would give us a lot more services to monitor and manage. Run a local cache on each node. Folks seem to consider nscd "broken", but dnrd seems to have the right feature set: it marks dns servers as up or down, and won't use 'down' dns servers. Any-casting seems to work only at the ip routing level, and depends on route updates for server failure. Multi-casting seemed like it would be a perfect answer, but bind does not support broadcasting or multi-casting, and the docs I could find seem to suggest that multicast dns is more aimed at service discovery and auto-configuration rather than regular dns resolving. Am I missing an obvious solution?

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  • vDS - vCenter Problem

    - by rbmadison
    We are implementing a vSphere farm and are using a distrubuted switch. The VC is a VM within the farm connected to the distrubuted switch. We had a SAN issue and all of our VMs were down. When the SAN recovered and we restarted the ESX host containing the VC the VC couldn't connect to the network through the vDS. We had to remove a NIC from the vDS on that host and create a regular vswitch and then connect the VC to that before the VC would connect to the network. Is this typical behavior? If the VC goes down does all vDS networking stop on all the hosts? That seems to be a very bad thing. I thought networking would work even though the VC is down because the hosts have the vDS configuration cached. Is there a better way to configure it to prevent this from happening. We want to keep the VC as a VM for HA and recoverabilty purposes. Can anyone offer suggestions or explanations? I appreciate the help. Thanks, Rick

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  • DNS Problems (NIGHTMARES!) with BIND and Virtualmin

    - by Nyxynyx
    I have a webserver (Ubuntu 12.04 with LAMP) using Virtualmin / Webmin. Because I just moved from a Cpanel system, I am having a nightmare configuring the DNS! Using intoDNS.com, the failed reports are: Mismatched NS records WARNING: One or more of your nameservers did not return any of your NS records. DNS servers responded ERROR: One or more of your nameservers did not respond: The ones that did not respond are: 123.123.123.123 213.251.188.141x Multiple Nameservers ERROR: Looks like you have less than 2 nameservers. According to RFC2182 section 5 you must have at least 3 nameservers, and no more than 7. Having 2 nameservers is also ok by me. Missing nameservers reported by your nameserver You should already know that your NS records at your nameservers are missing, so here it is again: ns1.mydomain.com. sdns2.ovh.net. SOA record No valid SOA record came back! MX Records WWW A Record ERROR: I could not get any A records for www.mydomain.com! Step-by-Step of my Attempt In my domain registrar (Namecheap), I registered ns1.mydomain.com as a nameserver, pointing to the IP address of my web server which is running bind9. The domain is setup with DNS ns1.mydomain.com and sdns2.ovh.net. sdns2.ovh.net is a secondary DNS server (SLAVE and pointing mydomain.com to the IP address of my web server) Webserver domain: mydomain.com Webserver hostname: ns4000000.ip-123-123-123.net Webserver IP: 123.123.123.123 Under Virtualmin, I edited the default Virtual server template, BIND DNS records for new domains: ns1.mydomain.com Master DNS server hostname: ns1.mydomain.com Next I created a Virtual server using that server template. This is what I've done but its still not working! Any ideas? I've been stuck for days, thank you for all your help! service bind9 status * bind9 is running lsof -i :53 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME named 6966 bind 20u IPv6 338583 0t0 TCP *:domain (LISTEN) named 6966 bind 21u IPv4 338588 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:domain (LISTEN) named 6966 bind 22u IPv4 338590 0t0 TCP ns4000000.ip-123-123-123.net:domain (LISTEN) named 6966 bind 512u IPv6 338582 0t0 UDP *:domain named 6966 bind 513u IPv4 338587 0t0 UDP localhost.localdomain:domain named 6966 bind 514u IPv4 338589 0t0 UDP ns4000000.ip-123-123-123.net:domain /etc/resolv.con (Not sure how 213.186.33.99 got here) nameserver 127.0.0.1 nameserver 213.186.33.99 search ovh.net host 123.123.123.123 (my web server's IP) 13.60.245.198.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ns4000000.ip-123-123-123.net. nslookup 213.186.33.99 Server: 127.0.0.1 Address: 127.0.0.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: 99.33.186.213.in-addr.arpa name = cdns.ovh.net. Authoritative answers can be found from: 33.186.213.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.ovh.net. 33.186.213.in-addr.arpa nameserver = dns.ovh.net. nslookup ns1.mydomain.com ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from 127.0.0.1, trying next server ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached nslookup ns2.mydomain.com ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from 127.0.0.1, trying next server ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached nslookup www.mydomain.com ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from 127.0.0.1, trying next server ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached dig mydomain.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> mydomain.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 43540 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;mydomain.com. IN A ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Oct 11 11:30:09 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 30 dig ns1.mydomain.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> ns1.mydomain.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 31254 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ns1.mydomain.com. IN A ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Thu Oct 11 11:30:16 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 34 /etc/bind/named.conf include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones"; /etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones zone "." { type hint; file "/etc/bind/db.root"; }; zone "localhost" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.local"; }; zone "127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.127"; }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.local zone "mydomain.com" { type master; file "/var/lib/bind/mydomain.com.hosts"; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; localnets; }; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.options options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; dnssec-validation auto; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; // allow-recursion { 127.0.0.1; }; // transfer-source; }; named-checkconf -z dns_master_load: /var/lib/bind/mydomain.com.hosts:21: unexpected end of line dns_master_load: /var/lib/bind/mydomain.com.hosts:20: unexpected end of input /var/lib/bind/mydomain.com.hosts: file does not end with newline zone mydomain.com/IN: loading from master file /var/lib/bind/mydomain.com.hosts failed: unexpected end of input zone mydomain.com/IN: not loaded due to errors. _default/mydomain.com/IN: unexpected end of input zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 2 zone 127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1 zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1 zone 255.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1 iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:domain ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:20000 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:webmin ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:imaps ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:imap2 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:pop3s ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:pop3 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ftp-data ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ftp ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:domain ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:submission ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:smtp ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination

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  • /etc/security/limits.conf for setting program limits in Linux

    - by Flavius Akerele
    I have the following inside /etc/security/limits.conf (I have specified root separately because * will not include it.) user2 - core unlimited * - core 0 root - core 0 * - rss 512000 root - rss 512000 * - nproc 100 root - nproc 100 * - maxlogins 1 root - maxlogins 1 I run a program as user2 (./programname) but /proc/3498/limits says cores are disabled: Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us Both ulimit -Sa and ulimit -Ha output that cores are disabled: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14001 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) 512000 open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 100 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited Why are cores disabled ?

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  • Edit-text-files-over-SSH using a local text editor

    - by Mikko Ohtamaa
    I am working in various Linux and UNIX environments. I'd like to elegantly solve the problem of editing remote configuration files over SSH. Instead of using terminal editors (nano), I'd like to open the file in a local text editor on my desktop (Sublime Text 2). CyberDuck, WinSCP and various other SFTP apps can do this. Using editors over X11 forwarding has also proven to be problematic. Also using archaic text editors like Vim or Emacs do not serve my needs well. They could do this, but I prefer using other text editing software. Using ssh mounts (FUSE) are also problematic unless they can happen on the demand and triggered by the remote site. So what I hope to achieve Have a somekind of easily deployable shell script etc. which I can copy to remote server (let's call it mooedit) I run mooedit command on the remote server of which I have connected over SSH connection mooedit sends some kind of signal (over SSH( to my local desktop On my local desktop this signal is captured and it determines 'a ha! moo wants to edit a file on server X in folder Y' File is SFTP transfered to the local desktop (/tmp) File is opened in a nice GUI text editor on the local desktop When Save is pressed, the local desktop notices changes in the file and SFTP sends the resulting file back to the server The question is: What signaling mechanisms SSH provides for this? Any other methods to trigger a local text editor for remote SSH file?

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  • Fully FOSS EMail solution

    - by Ravi
    I am looking at various FOSS options to build a robust EMail solution for a government funded university. Commercial options are to be chosen only in the worst case scenario. Here are the requirements: Approx 1000-1500 users - Postfix or Exim? (Sendmail is out;-)) Mailing lists for different groups/Need web based archive - Mailman? Sympa? Centralised identity store - OpenLDAP? Fedora 389DS? Secure IMAP only - no POP3 required - Courier? Dovecot? Cyrus?? Anti Spam - SpamAssasin? what else? Calendaring - ?? webmail - good to have, not mandatory - needs to be very secure...so squirrelmail is out;-)? Other questions: What mailbox storage format to use? where to store? database/file system? Simple and effective HA options? Is there a web proxy equivalent to squid in the mail server world? software load balancers?CARP? Monitoring and alert? Backup? The govt wants to stimulate the local economy by buying hardware locally from whitebox vendors. Also local consultants and university students will do the integration. We looked at out-of-the-box integrated solutions like Axigen, Zimbra and GMail but each was ruled out in favour of a DIY approach in the hopes of full control over the data and avoiding vendor lockin - which i though was a smart thing to do. I wish more provincial governments in the developing world think of these sort of initiatives As for OS - Debian, FreeBSD would be first preference. Commercial OS's need not apply. CentOS as second tier option...

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  • What are the most important aspects to consider when choosing a SAN for a small office virtualizatio

    - by Prof. Moriarty
    I am in the process of consolidating 6 physical servers running 6 different operating system flavors (don't ask) into two identical physical servers (Dell PowerEdge 2900), using the free VMware ESXi 4.0 platform. We will install an iSCSI SAN over a 1GbE network, and store all virtual machine images on the SAN. Each physical server would run 3 VMs, and in the case of a physical server failure, we would manually switch over the other 3. These are all internal servers, while important, they can tolerate some amount of downtime (say <1h) to keep cost and complexity associated with HA down. I now need to choose the SAN to be used for the setup, on a low budget. We currently have about 2TB of data, but of course I want to able to grow, do backups of VM snapshots on other drives and remove them to a different location, etc. So what I would like to know is: Which are the must have features for this setup, without which using a SAN is not worth it? We are mostly a Dell shop, so I have been looking at the EqualLogic PS4000E High Availability model. Any opinions, anecdotes, bad experiences with this model? (This is one of the few models which could accomodate our existing disks from the physical servers.) If you can recommend something that is not Dell, but it has better value, I would most definitely consider it. Caveats, things to look out for?

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  • JBossMQ - Clustered Queues/NameNotFoundException: QueueConnectionFactory error

    - by mfarver
    I am trying to get an application working on a JBoss Cluster. It uses Queues internally, and the developer claims that it should work correctly in a clustered environment. I have jbossmq setup as a ha-singleton on the cluster. The application works correctly on whichever node currently is running the queue, but fails on the other nodes with a: "javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: QueueConnectionFactory not bound" error. I can look at JNDIview from the jmx-console and see that indeed the QueueConnectionFactory class only appears on the primary node in the Global context. Is there a way to see the Cluster's JNDI listing instead of each server? The steps I took from a default Jboss 4.2.3.GA installation were to use the "all" configuration. Then removed /server/all/deploy/hsqldb-ds.xml and /deploy-hasingleton/jms/hsqldb-jdbc2-service.xml, copying the example/jms/mysq-jdbc2-service.xml file into its place (editing that file to use DefaultDS instead of MySqlDS). Finally I created a mysql-ds.xml file in the deploy directory pointing "DefaultDS" at an empty database. I created a -services.xml file in the deploy directory with the queue definition. like the one below: <server> <mbean code="org.jboss.mq.server.jmx.Queue" name="jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=myfirstqueue"> <depends optional-attribute-name="DestinationManager"> jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager </depends> </mbean> </server> All of the other cluster features of working, the servers list each other in the view, and sessions are replicating back and forth. The JBoss documentation is somewhat light in this area, is there another setting I might have missed? Or is this likely to be a code issue (is there different code to do a JNDI lookup in a clusted environment?) Thanks

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  • How many reverse proxies (nginx, haproxy) is too many?

    - by Alysum
    I'm setting up a HA (high availability) cluster using nginx, haproxy & apache. I've been reading great things about nginx and haproxy. People tend to choose one or the other but I like both. Haproxy is more flexible for load balancing than nginx's simple round robin (even with the upstream-fair patch). But I'd like to keep nginx for redirecting non-https to https among other things right at the point of entry to the cluster. On the other hand, nginx is a lot faster for serving static contents and would reduce the load on the powerful apache which loves to eat a lot of RAM! Here is my planned setup: Load balancer: nginx listens on port 80/443 and proxy_forwards to haproxy on 8080 on the same server to load balance between the multiple nodes. Nodes: nginx on the node listens to requests coming from haproxy on 8080, if the content is static, serve it. But if it's a backend script (in my case PHP), proxy forward to apache2 on the same node server listenning on a different port number. Technically this setup works but my concerns are whether having the requests going through several proxies is going to slow down requests? Most of the requests will be PHP requests as the backends are services (which means groing from nginx - haproxy - nginx - apache). Thoughts? Cheers

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  • /etc/security/limits.conf for setting program limits in Linux

    - by Flavius Akerele
    I have the following inside /etc/security/limits.conf (I have specified root separately because * will not include it.) user2 - core unlimited * - core 0 root - core 0 * - rss 512000 root - rss 512000 * - nproc 100 root - nproc 100 * - maxlogins 1 root - maxlogins 1 I run a program as user2 (./programname) but /proc/3498/limits says cores are disabled: Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us Both ulimit -Sa and ulimit -Ha output that cores are disabled: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14001 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) 512000 open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 100 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited Why are cores disabled ?

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  • Multimaster Keepalived Configuration (Virtual IP with Load Balancing)

    - by Rad Akefirad
    Here are requirements: 1. High Availability 2. Load Balancing First configuration 1. Two linux servers have been configured with one static IP for each: 10.17.243.11, 10.17.243.12 2. Keepalived has been installed and configured with one VRRP instance to provide one virtual IP (10.17.243.10 as VIP, 10.17.243.11 as master and 10.17.243.12 as backup). 3. Everything works fine. The VIP is assigned to the master server (10.17.243.11) as long as it is up and running. As soon as it goes down, the VIP will be assigned to the backup server (10.17.243.12). 4. The problem here is all communication goes to the master server. Second configuration 1. I found active-active configuration for Keepalived which is possible by defining more than one VRRP instance. So that both server have two IPs (real 10.17.243.11 and virtual 10.17.243.10 for server #1 and real 10.17.243.12 and virtual 10.17.243.20 for server #2. 2. Everything works fine. we have two VIPs which are accessible (HA). But all communication coming to each IP still goes to one single machine (either server #1 or #2 depending on the IP). However I found some tricks on the DNS to overcome this limitation. But it's not acceptable in our case. Question: Is there any way to have one virtual IP which is assigned to both servers? By that I mean both servers are handling some part of workload (like the thing we do in web server load balancing)? By using either keepalived or some other tools? Thanks in advance.

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  • Proxmox drbd configuration split brain [on hold]

    - by AudioDan
    I am planning a proxmox HA configuration with two Dell R710 machines (dual 6 core processors in each) with enterprise level drive raid arrays. I would be using DRBD with a quorum disk on a third machine. I would dedicate two 1GB nics on each server to the DRBD communications. We would have approximately 12 to 14 Virtual Machines running on this pair of servers. The proxmox manual recommends creating two DRBD resources - one for the Virtual Machines that normally run on ServerA and one for the Virtual Machines that normally run on ServerB. This is because of the Primary/Primary state in which this configuration runs. If both servers have VMs talking to the same DRBD resource and a split brain situation occurs, there is potential for data corruption that must be resolved. While I understand it would take more effort to create new virtual machines, can anybody foresee any potential problems with running a separate DRBD resource for each VM instead? Does anyone have experience running a setup that way and has it worked well? It seems to me that would allow more flexibility in moving machines back and forth.

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  • setup lowcost image storage server with 24x SSD array to get high IOPS?

    - by Nenad
    I want to build let's name it a lowcost Ra*san which would host for our social site the images (many millions) we have 5 sizes of every photo with 3 KB, 7 KB, 15 KB, 25 KB and 80 KB per Image. My idea is to build a Server with 24x consumer 240 GB SSD's in Raid 6 which will give me some 5 TB Disk space for the photo storage. To have HA I can add a 2nd one and use drdb. I'm looking to get above 150'000 IOPS (4K Random reads). As we mostly have read access only and rarely delete photos i think to go with consumer MLC SSD. I read many endurance reviews and don't see there a problem as long we don't rewrite the cells. What you think about my idea? - I'm not sure between Raid 6 or Raid 10 (more IOPS, cost SSD). - Is ext4 OK for the filesystem - Would you use 1 or 2 Raid controller, with Extender Backplane If anyone has realized something similar i would be happy to get Real World numbers. UPDATE I have buy 12 (plus some spare) OCZ Talos 480GB SAS SSD Drive's they will be placed in a 12-bay DAS and attached to a PERC H800 (1GB NV Cache, manufactured by LSI with fastpath) Controller, I plan to setup Raid 50 with ext4. If someone is wondering about some benchmarks let me know what you would like to see.

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  • Heartbeat/DRBD failover didn't work as expected. How do I make the failover more robust?

    - by Quinn Murphy
    I had a scenario where a DRBD-heartbeat set up had a failed node but did not failover. What happened was the primary node had locked up, but didn't go down directly (it was inaccessible via ssh or with the nfs mount, but it could be pinged). The desired behavior would have been to detect this and failover to the secondary node, but it appears that since the primary didn't go full down (there is a dedicated network connection from server to server), heartbeat's detection mechanism didn't pick up on that and therefore didn't failover. Has anyone seen this? Is there something that I need to configure to have more robust cluster failover? DRBD seems to otherwise work fine (had to resync when I rebooted the old primary), but without good failover, it's use is limited. heartbeat 3.0.4 drbd84 RHEL 6.1 We are not using Pacemaker nfs03 is the primary server in this setup, and nfs01 is the secondary. ha.cf # Hearbeat Logging logfacility daemon udpport 694 ucast eth0 192.168.10.47 ucast eth0 192.168.10.42 # Cluster members node nfs01.openair.com node nfs03.openair.com # Hearbeat communication timing. # Sets the triggers and pulse time for swapping over. keepalive 1 warntime 10 deadtime 30 initdead 120 #fail back automatically auto_failback on and here is the haresources file: nfs03.openair.com IPaddr::192.168.10.50/255.255.255.0/eth0 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 nfs nfslock

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  • Turn computer into DAS (Direct Attached Storage)

    - by Damon
    Can we build a direct attached storage by taking a computer/server, adding an HBA, and installing some appropriate software? We would use Debian as a host OS for both the DAS and the server. If so, what software do we use? And do we simply need a HBA for the DAS and the Server? Or do we need more hardware? The goal is to use an older server that does not have enough room for drives but does have ECC memory, server processors, redundant power supplies, dual nics, etc. Then find any boxes, server or not, the key being having enough room for 8-12 drives, fans, etc. and turning them into a DAS; build two of these DAS's and have them connected to the server. Eventually we want to have two servers using DRBD and associated services like heartbeat and pace maker to create an HA setup for our server(s) but that will take a long time to configure since I have no experience with anything related to DRBD (yet) and have a learning curve I have to get past, not to mention the additional cost of more hardware (two servers vs one).

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  • Automated Syslog Error Solution Finder

    - by Dru
    Any automated syslog solution finding frameworks? I want my central syslog server to email a list of problems, their severity and suggested solutions. There have been several questions about centralising system logs and alternative log analysis systems, but I don't get the impression that any of them help with issue resolution. A little background: At work I am now literally doing the work of two people, and both jobs have expanded beyond their initial frameworks. It is not so bad as I have helpers, but they are little more than smart monkeys. While one of my predecessors [I have two, that is how I know I have the jobs of two people] set-up logwatch to email its results out, my monkeys don't have the skills necessary to identify unimportant data. This has caused all of them, and myself sadly, to setup email filters and ignore the whole thing until something goes "bang". It would be handy to have someone else tell them what is important, what is connected, and to suggest a few ways to resolve the issue (I could train then to research the solution first, ha!). My reading of the Splunk and Octopussy sites indicates that I still need to bring my own highly trained monkey to the party. Which I am several years from having.

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  • Bind can only work for the DNS server inside zone

    - by Bob
    I got a big problem when I added a new zone to my current Bind configuration. ===============/etc/named.conf=============== include "/etc/rndc.key"; controls { inet 127.0.0.1 port 953 allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndckey"; }; }; acl "trusted" { 127.0.0.1; 208.43.81.157; 69.4.236.88; }; options { directory "/var/named"; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; allow-recursion { trusted; }; }; zone "." { type hint; file "root.hints"; }; zone "2comu.com" { type master; file "2comu.com.db"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "usa-diamond.com" { type master; file "usa-diamond.com.db"; allow-update { none; }; }; ===============/var/named/2comu.com.db=============== $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns1.2comu.com. root.2comu.com. ( 2011011101 3600 300 3600000 3600 ) IN NS ns1.2comu.com. IN NS ns2.2comu.com. IN MX 10 email.2comu.com. ns1.2comu.com. IN A 208.43.81.157 ns2.2comu.com. IN A 69.4.236.88 www.2comu.com. IN A 208.43.81.157 ftp.2comu.com. IN A 208.43.81.157 email.2comu.com. IN A 208.43.81.157 ===============/var/named/usa-diamond.com=============== $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns1.2comu.com. root.usa-diamond.com. ( 2011011115 3600 300 3600000 3600 ) IN NS ns1.2comu.com. IN NS ns2.2comu.com. www.usa-diamond.com. IN A 208.43.81.157 ================================================================ All of the configurations inside domain 2comu.com work well. But when www.usa-diamond.com doesn't work at all. When I tried "dig +trace www.usa-diamond.com", I got the following message ================================================================ ; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2 <<>> +trace usa-diamond.com ;; global options: printcmd . 517603 IN NS c.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS d.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS e.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS f.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS g.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS h.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS i.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS j.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS k.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS l.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS m.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS a.root-servers.net. . 517603 IN NS b.root-servers.net. ;; Received 500 bytes from 208.43.81.157#53(208.43.81.157) in 0 ms com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net. ;; Received 505 bytes from 192.33.4.12#53(c.root-servers.net) in 3 ms usa-diamond.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.2comu.com. usa-diamond.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.2comu.com. ;; Received 107 bytes from 192.48.79.30#53(j.gtld-servers.net) in 177 ms ;; Received 33 bytes from 208.43.81.157#53(ns1.2comu.com) in 0 ms ========================================================================= It seems I can't get any answer from ns1.2comu.com. Can anyone give some suggestions? Thanks a lot. Bob

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  • DNS resolution problems; dig SERVFAIL error

    - by JustinP
    I'm setting up a couple of dedicated servers, and having problems setting up my nameservers properly. One of these is a LEMP server (LAMP with nginx in place of Apache), and the other will function solely as an email server, running exim/dovecot/ASSP antispam (no Apache). The LEMP server is CentOS 5.5, with no control panel, while the email server is CentOS 5.5 as well, with cPanel/WHM. So, I've had problems getting DNS set up properly. I have two domains, each one pointing to one of these servers. The nameservers are registered correctly with the domain registrar, and the nameserver IPs are entered correctly as well. I've spoken to tech support at the registrar and they confirm that everything is set up on their end. Not knowing much about DNS, I googled nameservers and DNS until I nearly went blind, and spent hours messing with the configuration. Eventually, I got the LEMP server's DNS working properly (no cPanel). Pleased with this triumph, I'm trying to mimic that configuration and repeat the process with the email server, and it's just not happening. The nameserver starts and stops, but the domain doesn't resolve. Things I have tried Going through standard procedures to set up DNS in WHM Clearing all DNS information, uninstalling BIND, then reinstalling all of that and again going through WHM procedures for setting up DNS Clearing all DNS information, and setting up BIND via shell (completely outside of cPanel) by using my config and zone files from the LEMP server as a template named runs just fine, but nothing is resolving. When I "dig any example.com" I get a SERVFAIL message. Nslookups return no information. Here are my config and zone files. named.conf controls { inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { coretext-key; }; }; options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; // Those options should be used carefully because they disable port // randomization // query-source port 53; // query-source-v6 port 53; allow-query { any; }; allow-query-cache { any; }; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; view "localhost_resolver" { match-clients { 127.0.0.0/24; }; match-destinations { localhost; }; recursion yes; //zone "." IN { // type hint; // file "/var/named/named.ca"; //}; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; }; view "internal" { /* This view will contain zones you want to serve only to "internal" clients that connect via your directly attached LAN interfaces - "localnets" . */ match-clients { localnets; }; match-destinations { localnets; }; recursion yes; zone "." IN { type hint; file "/var/named/named.ca"; }; // include "/var/named/named.rfc1912.zones"; // you should not serve your rfc1912 names to non-localhost clients. // These are your "authoritative" internal zones, and would probably // also be included in the "localhost_resolver" view above : zone "example.com" { type master; file "data/db.example.com"; }; zone "3.2.1.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "data/db.1.2.3"; }; }; view "external" { /* This view will contain zones you want to serve only to "external" clients * that have addresses that are not on your directly attached LAN interface subnets: */ match-clients { any; }; match-destinations { any; }; recursion no; // you'd probably want to deny recursion to external clients, so you don't // end up providing free DNS service to all takers allow-query-cache { none; }; // Disable lookups for any cached data and root hints // all views must contain the root hints zone: //include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; zone "." IN { type hint; file "/var/named/named.ca"; }; zone "example.com" { type master; file "data/db.example.com"; }; zone "3.2.1.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "data/db.1.2.3"; }; }; include "/etc/rndc.key"; db.example.com $TTL 1D ; ; Zone file for example.com ; ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain ; @ IN SOA ns1.example.com. contact.example.com. ( 2011042905 ; serial 8H ; refresh 2H ; retry 4W ; expire 1D ; default_ttl ) NS ns1.example.com. NS ns2.example.com. ns1 A 1.2.3.4 ns2 A 1.2.3.5 example.com. A 1.2.3.4 localhost A 127.0.0.1 www CNAME example.com. mail CNAME example.com. ; db.1.2.3 $TTL 1D $ORIGIN 3.2.1.in-addr.arpa. @ IN SOA ns1.example.com contact.example.com. ( 2011042908 ; 8H ; 2H ; 4W ; 1D ; ) NS ns1.example.com. NS ns2.example.com. 4 PTR hostname.example.com. 5 PTR hostname.example.com. ; Also of note: both of these servers are managed. Tech support is very responsive, and largely useless. Hours go by with them asking me questions to narrow down what could be wrong, then they pass the ticket to the tech on the next shift, who ignores everything that's happened already and spend his whole shift asking all the same questions the last guy asked. So, in summary: *Nameservers, with IPs, are correctly registered with domain registrar *named is configured and running *...and must not be configured correctly, because nothing resolves. Any help would be great. I changed domains and IPs in the files to generics, but let me know if you need to know the domain in question. Thanks! UPDATE I found that I didn't have 127.0.0.1 in /etc/resolv.conf, so I added it, along with my two public IPs that I have named listening on. resolv.conf search www.example.com example.com nameserver 127.0.0.1 nameserver 7.8.9.10 ;Was in here by default, authoritative nameserver of hosting company nameserver 1.2.3.4 ;Public IP #1 nameserver 1.2.3.5 ;Public IP #2 Now when I DIG example.com from the host, it resolves. If I try to DIG from my other server (in the same datacenter), or from the internet, it times out or I get SERVFAIL.

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