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  • ?????? ?? ???

    크롬캐스트와 구글 캐스트 작년에 미국에서 출시한 크롬캐스트는 N 스크린과 스마트 TV 시장에 새로운 화두를 던지고 있으며 타임지가 뽑은 2013년도의 제품을 선정되기도... From: Google Developers Views: 6 0 ratings Time: 15:55 More in Science & Technology

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  • ?????? ?? ??? 2

    크롬캐스트와 구글 캐스트 2 작년에 미국에서 출시한 크롬캐스트는 N 스크린과 스마트 TV 시장에 새로운 화두를 던지고 있으며 타임지가 뽑은 2013년도의 제품을 선정되기도... From: Google Developers Views: 25 4 ratings Time: 20:05 More in Science & Technology

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  • ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??

    구글 클라우드 플랫폼을 통한 안정된 글로벌 서비스 런칭 글로벌 서비스를 준비하는 많은 기업의 고민인 운영 인프라를 구글의 클라우드 플랫폼을 통해서 보다 효율적이고 안정적으로 구성할 수 있는... From: Google Developers Views: 2 0 ratings Time: 39:51 More in Science & Technology

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  • ?? ??? ??? ??

    구글 개발자 지원팀 소개 구글 플레이 개발자 지원이 드디어 한국어로도 가능해졌습니다. 문의 가능한 내용부터 주의해야 할 사항 그리고 팁까지 소개될 예정입니다. 수정되... From: Google Developers Views: 11 0 ratings Time: 19:21 More in Science & Technology

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  • Nginx and client certificates from hierarchical OpenSSL-based certification authorities

    - by Fmy Oen
    I'm trying to set up root certification authority, subordinate certification authority and to generate the client certificates signed by any of this CA that nginx 0.7.67 on Debian Squeeze will accept. My problem is that root CA signed client certificate works fine while subordinate CA signed one results in "400 Bad Request. The SSL certificate error". Step 1: nginx virtual host configuration: server { server_name test.local; access_log /var/log/nginx/test.access.log; listen 443 default ssl; keepalive_timeout 70; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key; ssl_client_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/client.pem; ssl_verify_client on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; location / { proxy_pass http://testsite.local/; } } Step 2: PKI infrastructure organization for both root and subordinate CA (based on this article): # mkdir ~/pki && cd ~/pki # mkdir rootCA subCA # cp -v /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf rootCA/ # cd rootCA/ # mkdir certs private crl newcerts; touch serial; echo 01 > serial; touch index.txt; touch crlnumber; echo 01 > crlnumber # cp -Rvp * ../subCA/ Almost no changes was made to rootCA/openssl.cnf: [ CA_default ] dir = . # Where everything is kept ... certificate = $dir/certs/rootca.crt # The CA certificate ... private_key = $dir/private/rootca.key # The private key and to subCA/openssl.cnf: [ CA_default ] dir = . # Where everything is kept ... certificate = $dir/certs/subca.crt # The CA certificate ... private_key = $dir/private/subca.key # The private key Step 3: Self-signed root CA certificate generation: # openssl genrsa -out ./private/rootca.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -x509 -new -key ./private/rootca.key -out certs/rootca.crt -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/rootca.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:rootca Email Address []: Step 4: Subordinate CA certificate generation: # cd ../subCA # openssl genrsa -out ./private/subca.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/subca.key -out subca.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/subca.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:subca Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: Step 5: Subordinate CA certificate signing by root CA certificate: # cd ../rootCA/ # openssl ca -in ../subCA/subca.csr -extensions v3_ca -config openssl.cnf Using configuration from openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/rootca.key: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Feb 4 10:49:43 2013 GMT Not After : Feb 4 10:49:43 2014 GMT Subject: countryName = AU stateOrProvinceName = Some-State organizationName = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd commonName = subca X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: C9:E2:AC:31:53:81:86:3F:CD:F8:3D:47:10:FC:E5:8E:C2:DA:A9:20 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:E9:50:E6:BF:57:03:EA:6E:8F:21:23:86:BB:44:3D:9F:8F:4A:8B:F2 DirName:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca serial:9F:FB:56:66:8D:D3:8F:11 X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE Certificate is to be certified until Feb 4 10:49:43 2014 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y ... # cd ../subCA/ # cp -v ../rootCA/newcerts/01.pem certs/subca.crt Step 6: Server certificate generation and signing by root CA (for nginx virtual host): # cd ../rootCA # openssl genrsa -out ./private/server.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/server.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:test.local Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in server.csr -out certs/server.crt -config openssl.cnf Step 7: Client #1 certificate generation and signing by root CA: # openssl genrsa -out ./private/client1.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/client1.key -out client1.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/client1.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Client #1 Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in client1.csr -out certs/client1.crt -config openssl.cnf Step 8: Client #1 certificate converting to PKCS12 format: # openssl pkcs12 -export -out certs/client1.p12 -inkey private/client1.key -in certs/client1.crt -certfile certs/rootca.crt Step 9: Client #2 certificate generation and signing by subordinate CA: # cd ../subCA/ # openssl genrsa -out ./private/client2.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/client2.key -out client2.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/client2.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Client #2 Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in client2.csr -out certs/client2.crt -config openssl.cnf Step 10: Client #2 certificate converting to PKCS12 format: # openssl pkcs12 -export -out certs/client2.p12 -inkey private/client2.key -in certs/client2.crt -certfile certs/subca.crt Step 11: Passing server certificate and private key to nginx (performed with OS superuser privileges): # cd ../rootCA/ # cp -v certs/server.crt /etc/nginx/ssl/ # cp -v private/server.key /etc/nginx/ssl/ Step 12: Passing root and subordinate CA certificates to nginx (performed with OS superuser privileges): # cat certs/rootca.crt > /etc/nginx/ssl/client.pem # cat ../subCA/certs/subca.crt >> /etc/nginx/ssl/client.pem client.pem file look like this: # cat /etc/nginx/ssl/client.pem -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIID6TCCAtGgAwIBAgIJAJ/7VmaN048RMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMFYxCzAJBgNV BAYTAkFVMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpTb21lLVN0YXRlMSEwHwYDVQQKExhJbnRlcm5ldCBX aWRnaXRzIFB0eSBMdGQxDzANBgNVBAMTBnJvb3RjYTAeFw0xMzAyMDQxMDM1NTda ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 1 (0x1) ... -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIID4DCCAsigAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBWMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTET MBEGA1UECBMKU29tZS1TdGF0ZTEhMB8GA1UEChMYSW50ZXJuZXQgV2lkZ2l0cyBQ dHkgTHRkMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZyb290Y2EwHhcNMTMwMjA0MTA0OTQzWhcNMTQwMjA0 ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- It looks like everything is working fine: # service nginx reload # Reloading nginx configuration: Enter PEM pass phrase: # nginx. # Step 13: Installing *.p12 certificates in browser (Firefox in my case) gives the problem I've mentioned above. Client #1 = 200 OK, Client #2 = 400 Bad request/The SSL certificate error. Any ideas what should I do? Update 1: Results of SSL connection test attempts: # openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/rootca.crt -cert ~/pki/rootCA/certs/client1.crt -key ~/pki/rootCA/private/client1.key -showcerts Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client1.key: CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = rootca verify return:1 depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = test.local verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=test.local i:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDpjCCAo6gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBWMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTET MBEGA1UECBMKU29tZS1TdGF0ZTEhMB8GA1UEChMYSW50ZXJuZXQgV2lkZ2l0cyBQ dHkgTHRkMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZyb290Y2EwHhcNMTMwMjA0MTEwNjAzWhcNMTQwMjA0 ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- 1 s:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca i:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIID6TCCAtGgAwIBAgIJAJ/7VmaN048RMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMFYxCzAJBgNV BAYTAkFVMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpTb21lLVN0YXRlMSEwHwYDVQQKExhJbnRlcm5ldCBX aWRnaXRzIFB0eSBMdGQxDzANBgNVBAMTBnJvb3RjYTAeFw0xMzAyMDQxMDM1NTda ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- --- Server certificate subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=test.local issuer=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca --- Acceptable client certificate CA names /C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca /C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca --- SSL handshake has read 3395 bytes and written 2779 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: zlib compression Expansion: zlib compression SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : AES256-SHA Session-ID: 15BFC2029691262542FAE95A48078305E76EEE7D586400F8C4F7C516B0F9D967 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 23246CF166E8F3900793F0A2561879E5DB07291F32E99591BA1CF53E6229491FEAE6858BFC9AACAF271D9C3706F139C7 Key-Arg : None PSK identity: None PSK identity hint: None SRP username: None TLS session ticket: 0000 - c2 5e 1d d2 b5 6d 40 23-b2 40 89 e4 35 75 70 07 .^...m@#[email protected]. 0010 - 1b bb 2b e6 e0 b5 ab 10-10 bf 46 6e aa 67 7f 58 ..+.......Fn.g.X 0020 - cf 0e 65 a4 67 5a 15 ba-aa 93 4e dd 3d 6e 73 4c ..e.gZ....N.=nsL 0030 - c5 56 f6 06 24 0f 48 e6-38 36 de f1 b5 31 c5 86 .V..$.H.86...1.. ... 0440 - 4c 53 39 e3 92 84 d2 d0-e5 e2 f5 8a 6a a8 86 b1 LS9.........j... Compression: 1 (zlib compression) Start Time: 1359989684 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- Everything seems fine with Client #2 and root CA certificate but request returns 400 Bad Request error: # openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/rootca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key: CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = rootca verify return:1 depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = test.local verify return:1 ... Compression: 1 (zlib compression) Start Time: 1359989989 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- GET / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request Server: nginx/0.7.67 Date: Mon, 04 Feb 2013 15:00:43 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 231 Connection: close <html> <head><title>400 The SSL certificate error</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center> <center>The SSL certificate error</center> <hr><center>nginx/0.7.67</center> </body> </html> closed Verification fails with Client #2 certificate and subordinate CA certificate: # openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/subCA/certs/subca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key: CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = rootca verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain verify return:0 ... Compression: 1 (zlib compression) Start Time: 1359990354 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 19 (self signed certificate in certificate chain) --- GET / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request ... Still getting 400 Bad Request error with concatenated CA certificates and Client #2 (but still everything ok with Client #1): # cat certs/rootca.crt ../subCA/certs/subca.crt > certs/concatenatedca.crt # openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/concatenatedca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key: CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = rootca verify return:1 depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = test.local verify return:1 --- ... Compression: 1 (zlib compression) Start Time: 1359990772 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- GET / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request ... Update 2: I've managed to recompile nginx with enabled debug. Here is the part of successfull conection by Client #1 track: 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 accept: <MY IP ADDRESS> fd:3 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 event timer add: 3: 60000:2856497512 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 kevent set event: 3: ft:-1 fl:0025 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 malloc: 28805200:660 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 malloc: 28834400:1024 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 posix_memalign: 28860000:4096 @16 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http check ssl handshake 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 https ssl handshake: 0x16 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL server name: "test.local" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 verify:1, error:0, depth:1, subject:"/C=AU /ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 verify:1, error:0, depth:0, subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=Client #1",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_do_handshake: 1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL: TLSv1, cipher: "AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http process request line 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http process request line 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: 1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: 524 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http request line: "GET / HTTP/1.1" And here is the part of unsuccessfull conection by Client #2 track: 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 accept: <MY_IP_ADDRESS> fd:3 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 event timer add: 3: 60000:2855488975 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 kevent set event: 3: ft:-1 fl:0025 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 malloc: 28805200:660 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 malloc: 28834400:1024 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 posix_memalign: 28860000:4096 @16 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http check ssl handshake 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 https ssl handshake: 0x16 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL server name: "test.local" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:0, error:20, depth:1, subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:0, error:27, depth:1, subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:1, error:27, depth:0, subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=Client #2",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: 1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL: TLSv1, cipher: "AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http process request line 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: 1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: 524 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http request line: "GET / HTTP/1.1" So I'm getting OpenSSL error #20 and then #27. According to verify documentation: 20 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate the issuer certificate could not be found: this occurs if the issuer certificate of an untrusted certificate cannot be found. 27 X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted the root CA is not marked as trusted for the specified purpose.

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  • Confused about encryption with public and private keys (which to use for encryption)

    - by jax
    I am making a licensing system when clients ask my server for a license and I send them a license if they are permitted to have one. On my current system I encrypt the license using a single private key and have the public key embedded into the client application that they use to decrypt the license. It works! Others have told me that I should be encrypting with the public key on the server and distributing the private key to clients. I have searched the web and can see that sometimes they use the private key to encrypt and other times they use the public key to encrypt. In this case what am I supposed to do?

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  • WCF Security Transport Security Questions

    - by shyneman
    I'm writing a set of WCF services that rely on transport security with Windows Authentication using the trusted subsystem model. However, I want to perform authorization based on the original client user that initiated the request (e.g. a user from a website with a username/password). I'm planning to achieve this by adding the original user's credentials in the header before the client sends the message and then the service will use the supplied credentials to authorize the user. So I have a few questions about this implementation: 1) using transport security with windows auth, I do NOT need to worry about again encrypting the passed credentials to ensure the validity... WCF automatically takes care of this - is this correct? 2) how does this implementation prevent a malicious service, running under some windows account within the domain, to send a message tagged with spoofed credentials. for e.g. a malicious service replaces the credentials with an Admin user to do something bad? Thanks for any help.

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  • How to handle encrypted column in SQL Server Database in LINQ to SQL?

    - by Raja
    Hi Guys, We are in the process of encrypting all the SSN columns (had to do it now due to security audit). We already built the DBML and now we have to change it. Can you guys let me know if there is a good way of handling this in LINQ to SQL? We use stored procedures for Insert, Update and Delete but use LINQ to SQL for all our selects (ease of use). Do I have to change the format for those tables with SSN or Is there any other manner we can handle it in LINQ to SQL? Thanks, Raja

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  • Web.config Encryption Error

    - by BKarms
    Having problem with encryption. I gave full permissions to all users to RSA folders. I did C:\>aspnet_regiis -pe "appSettings" -location "web.config" -prov "RsaProtectedCo nfigurationProvider" Encrypting configuration section... An error occurred executing the configuration section handler for appSettings. Failed to encrypt the section 'appSettings' using provider 'RsaProtectedConfigur ationProvider'. Error message from the provider: Object already exists. Failed! Then I did C:\>aspnet_regiis -pa "NetFrameworkConfigurationKey" "administrator" Adding ACL for access to the RSA Key container... The RSA key container was not found. Failed! Followed by C:\>aspnet_regiis -pc "NetFrameworkConfigurationKey" -exp Creating RSA Key container... The RSA key container could not be opened. Failed! Nothing is working for me. Can anyone help? Thanks

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  • RSA encrypted Diffie-Hellman handshake

    - by cmaduro
    Would a RSA encrypted Diffie-Hellman handshake enable secure communication? I'm encrypting communication from a silverlight client to a php webservice. The silverlight client initiates they key agreement by sending the RSA public key encrypted DH parameters to the webservice. Only the webservice has the private key, so a MITM attack is not possible. The webservice sends plain text answer back to the client, and a key is agreed upon. This key is then used to encrypt communication between the webservice and silverlight client with AES, which is also encrypted with the RSA public key. Does anyone see a flaw?

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  • Can Hibernate automatically uppercase a column on read/insert via configuration?

    - by T Reddy
    We have some columns with data that must always be in uppercase to ensure uniqueness. I was wondering if hibernate can force all such columns to uppercase via some configuration file change? We actually use a custom UserType for encrypting/decrypting column data for some other table, but I figured that would be overkill just to uppercase everything... Alternatively, I was thinking about modifying the models such that all getters/setters will uppercase any string coming and going. The worst(?) case scenario is to modify the Oracle column constraint to ignore case while checking uniqueness. Any thoughts?

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  • RSA encryption results in server execution timeout

    - by Nilambari
    Hi, I am using PHP Crypt_RSA (http://pear.php.net/package/Crypt_RSA) for encrypting and decrypting the contents. Contents are of 1kb size. Following are the results: keylength = 1024 Encryption function takes time: 225 secs keylength = 2048 Encryption function takes time: 115 secs I need to reduce this execution time as most of the live apache servers have 120 sec limit for execution time. How to reduce this execution time? RSA alorithm docs says the only 1024 - 2048 keys are generated. I ACTUALLY tried to generate larger key, but it always results in execution timeout. How do i work on reducing encryption - decryption execution time? Thanks, Nila

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  • Problem exporting RSA key -'key not valid for use in specified state'

    - by asp316
    I'm encrypting the web.config in our web sites using aspnet_regiis. However, I want the ability to export the encryption key so if we need to move from Machine A to Machine B, asp.net will be able to decrypt it. When I run aspnetregiis -px "NetFrameworkConfigurationKey" c:\keys.xml -pri, I get the following : 'Key not valid for use in specified state'. I've seen all kinds of responses online but they don't seem to apply. It's not an invalid key because when I use aspnet_regiis to encrypt sections of the web.config, they encrypt fine. Ideas?

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  • Ruby fixtures error with password column

    - by user347998
    I am trying to load a fixture for my tests which has a password column (binary datatype). The tool i am using uses EzCrypto gem for encrypting and decrypting passwords before they are stored/retrieved. Now if my column is binary i thought rails would automatically store the password as encrypted - but all i get is: 1) Error: test_is_working(FirstTest): RuntimeError: Failed to decode the field. Incorrect key? /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/mislav-will_paginate-2.3.11/lib/will_paginate/finder.rb:170:in method_missing' unit/first_test.rb:8:insetup' 2) Error: test_sanity(FirstTest): RuntimeError: Failed to decode the field. Incorrect key? unit/first_test.rb:8:in `setup' Fixture file looks like this: first_hussle: type: FirstAccount user: jsewq username: [email protected] password: 'abc123' any clues?

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  • How to encrypt the mobile configuration profiles in iOS (in OTA deployments)?

    - by user1353477
    I am trying to sign and encrypt .mobileconfig profiles for iOS devices. Signing works perfectly using openssl::pkcs7 sign function in ruby, however using encrypt function, I get an encrypted data but Safari fails to install the profile saying "Invalid Profile". There are two questions in this regard: Which data from the .mobileconfig profile is actually encrypted that goes into the .. section of the EncryptedPayloadContent ? Is the data in binary format (.der) or base64 encoded? Any help in this regard would be helpful as APPLE severly lacks any documentation in encrypting the profiles.

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  • Hiding a value in an Android application

    - by Ewan
    Hi, I need to hide a value in a mobile (Android OS) application. As far as I can see, encrypting the value is of no use as the key to the encryption mechanism must be available to the program and is thus available to an attacker reverse-engineering the code. So, it seems that the only "solution" is to hide the secret value in the application as well as possible, obviously not ideal. Any comments? Am I missing something? If not, what's the best way to hide the value? Thanks for your ideas! Ewan

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  • File Encryption Operation

    - by kiruthika
    Hi All, I have doubt in gpg command operation . Actually we are using gpg command for encrypting the file . File.txt has following things. Testing hello world My security things. Now I am doing the file encryption for File.txt gpg --symmetric File.txt Now I got File.txt.gpg file , which is encrypted. My doubt, if some open that file and did someone changes in that I am not able get file content . It says my following things. $ gpg --decrypt File.txt.gpg gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found. gpg: decrypt_message failed: eof I want my file content , even though some body has done changes in that . what should I do for this problem....?

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  • Can I encrypt value in C# and use that with SQL Server 2005 symmetric encryption?

    - by Robert Byrne
    To be more specific, if I create a symmetric key with a specific KEY_SOURCE and ALGORITHM (as described here), is there any way that I can set up the same key and algorithm in C# so that I can encrypt data in code, but have that data decrypted by the symmetric key in Sql Server? From the research I've done so far, it seems that the IDENTITY_VALUE for the key is also baked into the cypher text, making things even more complex. I'm thinking about just trying all the various ways I can think of, ie hashing the KEY_SOURCE using different hash algorithms for a key and trying different ways of encrypting the plain text until I get something that works. Or is that just futile? Has anyone else done this, any pointers? UPDATE Just to clarify, I want to use NHibernate on the client side, but theres a bunch of stored procedures on the database side that still perform decryption.

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  • Encryption using rijndael

    - by user363295
    Hi all. I'm quite new in programming .I wrote the below code in order to prompt the user for a password to encrypting a file, But it just work when the length of password is 8, What can I do on order to accepting any number of characters for the password? string pass = textBox2.Text.ToString(); string password = @"" + pass + ""; UnicodeEncoding UE = new UnicodeEncoding(); byte[] key = UE.GetBytes(password); FileStream fsCrypt = new FileStream(@"c:\\users\\new", FileMode.Create); name = fsCrypt.Name; RijndaelManaged RMCrypto = new RijndaelManaged(); CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(fsCrypt, RMCrypto.CreateEncryptor(key, key), CryptoStreamMode.Write); FileStream fsIn = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open); int data; while ((data = fsIn.ReadByte()) != -1) cs.WriteByte((byte)data);

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  • CryptographicException: Unknown Error '80007005'. when calling RSACryptoServiceProvider.Decrypt() in

    - by zensunnit
    Hello, I am trying to use the RSACryptoServiceProvider to encrypt/decrypt. Encrypting works fine, but the Decrypt method() throws an exception with the message: Unknown Error '80007005'. This is the code: Byte[] plainData = encoding.GetBytes(plainText); Byte[] encryptedData; RSAParameters rsap1; Byte[] decryptedData; using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa1 = new RSACryptoServiceProvider()) { encryptedData = rsa1.Encrypt(plainData, false); rsap1 = rsa1.ExportParameters(false); } using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa2 = new RSACryptoServiceProvider()) { rsa2.ImportParameters(rsap1); decryptedData = rsa2.Decrypt(encryptedData, false); } decryptedText = encoding.GetString(decryptedData, 0, decryptedData.Length); Is anyone aware of a workaround? Thanks!

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  • Why acegi (Spring Security) converts password to uppercase before comparing ?

    - by Tony
    One of my colleague in QA team reported a bug to me, the bug said that can't change password to lowercase, otherwise login is rejected,using number or uppercase is all fine. The login system was implemented using acegi 1.0 (now called Spring Security). This was a very strange bug,changing password is done by encrypting the user input string into MD5 string, I implemented this without using anything related acegi, I don't if the is the origin cause of the problem. When the login is rejected, through debugging, I find that, the user input is converted into uppercase by acegi when passing to the acegi comparing logic. At first, I didn't believe this, when I checkout the acegi source and debugging with it, I find it does convert both username and password to uppercase (source code line 121), Can you tell me why it does this? This can cause password encoding mismatch!

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  • My AES encryption/decryption functions don't work with random ivecs

    - by Brendan Long
    I was bored and wrote a wrapper around openSSL to do AES encryption with less work. If I do it like this: http://pastebin.com/V1eqz4jp (ivec = 0) Everything works fine, but the default ivec is all 0's, which has some security problems. Since I'm passing the data back as a string anyway, I figured, why not generate a random ivec and stick it to the front, the take it back off when I decrypt the string? For some reason it doesn't work though. With random ivec: http://pastebin.com/MkDBFcn6 Well actually, it almost works. It seems to decrypt the middle of the string, but not the beginning or end: String is: 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF Encrypting.. ???l%%1u???B! ?????`pN)?????[l????{?Q???2?/?H??y"?=Z?Cu????l%%1u???B! Decrypting.. String is: ?%???G*?5J?0??0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF!-e????V?5 I honestly have no idea what's going wrong. Maybe some stupid mistake, or maybe I'm missing something about AES?

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  • RSA implementations for Java, alternative to BC

    - by Tom Brito
    The RSA implementation that ships with Bouncy Castle only allows the encrypting of a single block of data. The RSA algorithm is not suited to streaming data and should not be used that way. In a situation like this you should encrypt the data using a randomly generated key and a symmetric cipher, after that you should encrypt the randomly generated key using RSA, and then send the encrypted data and the encrypted random key to the other end where they can reverse the process (ie. decrypt the random key using their RSA private key and then decrypt the data). I can't use the workarond of using symmetric key. So, are there other implementations of RSA than Bouncy Castle?

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  • File Encrypt/Decrypt under load?

    - by chopps
    I found an interesting article about encrypting and decrypting files but since it uses a file.dat to store the key this will run into problems when theres alot of users on the site dealing with alot of files. http://www.codeproject.com/KB/security/VernamEncryption.aspx?display=Print Should a new file be created every time a file needs decrypting or would there be a better way to do this? UPDATE: Here is what im using to avoid the locking problems. using (Mutex FileLock = new Mutex(true, System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString())) { try { FileLock.WaitOne(); using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(keyFile, FileMode.Open)) { keyBytes = new byte[fs.Length]; fs.Read(keyBytes, 0, keyBytes.Length); } } catch (Exception ex) { EventLog.LogEvent(ex); } finally { FileLock.ReleaseMutex(); } } I tested it on 1000 TIFFs doing both encryption and decryption without any errors.

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  • Aes key length significance/implications

    - by cppdev
    Hi, I am using a AES algorithm in my application for encrypting plain text. I am trying to use a key which is a six digit number. But as per the AES spec, the key should be minimum sixteen bytes in length. I am planning to append leading zeros to my six digit number to make it a 16 byte and then use this as a key. Would it have any security implications ? I mean will it make my ciphertext more prone to attacks. Please help.

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