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• Recommendations for good Unix MTA / groupware solutions? [closed]

  - by Jez

  Possible Duplicate: Exchange server replacement that runs on Linux I'm setting up a Debian server, and one of the things I need on it is an MTA. I don't want to use something like Exim or Postfix because I want something that ties in SMTP, POP3, and IMAP all in one (a la Microsoft Exchange). Most MTAs also seem to be hellishly difficult to configure. Try and read the Exim documentation; you could do a university degree on it (I'm not kidding). When you can get an HTTP server like Cherokee which is easy to configure and has a nice web interface, do MTAs or groupware solutions need to be that hard? I'm aware that some people think "the Unix way" is to have lots of different interacting pieces of software (like maybe an SMTP MTA, POP3 service, webmail service, and overarching manager to tie them all together), but I think this is a situation where that just makes things a lot harder to deal with and one large software suite fits in much more nicely. So, I'm looking for good open source software suites that will run on Debian that: Combine (at least) SMTP, POP3, and IMAP Are easy(ish) to configure Have a nice configuration web interface or GUI Are not defunct projects I don't mind if it's groupware and offers calendaring too, but I would only be using the e-mail functionality for now. Another nice-to-have would be built-in webmail (if we're combining a bunch of functionality, why not?) Note however that I do NOT need Outlook support. I am not really looking for an "Exchange replacement drop-in". The suites I've found so far that seem to match the above criteria (and have appropriate licenses) are Citadel, Kolab, and Zimbra. I'd appreciate anyone who has experience with any of these giving me the pros and cons of them, such as how easy they are to configure and what their performance is like. I'd also appreciate any other suggestions for solutions that fulfil my criteria that I may have missed out.

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• Is there any functional-like unix shell?

  - by Caruccio

  I'm (really) newbie to functional programming (in fact only had contact with it using python) but seems to be a good approach for some list-intensive tasks in a shell environment. I'd love to do something like this: $ [ git clone $host/$repo for repo in repo1 repo2 repo3 ] Is there any Unix shell with these kind of feature? Or maybe some feature to allow easy shell access (commands, env/vars, readline, etc...) from within python (the idea is to use python's interactive interpreter as a replacement to bash). EDIT: Maybe a comparative example would clarify. Let's say I have a list composed of dir/file: $ FILES=( build/project.rpm build/project.src.rpm ) And I want to do a really simple task: copy all files to dist/ AND install it in the system (it's part of a build process): Using bash: $ cp ${files[*]} dist/ $ cd dist && rpm -Uvh $(for f in ${files[*]}; do basename $f; done)) Using a "pythonic shell" approach (caution: this is imaginary code): $ cp [ os.path.join('dist', os.path.basename(file)) for file in FILES ] 'dist' Can you see the difference ? THAT is what i'm talking about. How can not exits a shell with these kind of stuff build-in yet? It's a real pain to handle lists in shell, even its being a so common task: list of files, list of PIDs, list of everything. And a really, really, important point: using syntax/tools/features everybody already knows: sh and python. IPython seams to be on a good direction, but it's bloated: if var name starts with '$', it does this, if '$$' it does that. It's syntax is not "natural", so many rules and "workarounds" ([ ln.upper() for ln in !ls ] -- syntax error)

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• Recursive move utility on Unix?

  - by Thomas Vander Stichele

  Sometimes I have two trees that used to have the same content, but have grown out of sync (because I moved disks around or whatever). A good example is a tree where I mirror upstream packages from Fedora. I want to merge those two trees again by moving all of the files from tree1 into tree2. Usually I do this with: rsync -arv tree1/* tree2 Then delete tree1. However, this takes an awful lot of time and disk space, and it would be much easier to be able to do: mv -r tree1/* tree2 In other words, a recursive move. It would be faster because first of all it would not even copy, just move the inodes, and second I wouldn't need a delete at the end. Does this exist ? As a test case, consider the following sequence of commands: $ mkdir -p a/b $ touch a/b/c1 $ rsync -arv a/ a2 sending incremental file list created directory ./ b/ b/c1 b/c2 sent 173 bytes received 57 bytes 460.00 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 $ touch a/b/c2 What command would now have the effect of moving a/b/c2 to a2/b/c2 and then deleting the a subtree (since everything in it is already in the destination tree) ?

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• Unix sort keys cause performance problems

  - by KenFar

  My data: It's a 71 MB file with 1.5 million rows. It has 6 fields All six fields combine to form a unique key - so that's what I need to sort on. Sort statement: sort -t ',' -k1,1 -k2,2 -k3,3 -k4,4 -k5,5 -k6,6 -o output.csv input.csv The problem: If I sort without keys, it takes 30 seconds. If I sort with keys, it takes 660 seconds. I need to sort with keys to keep this generic and useful for other files that have non-key fields as well. The 30 second timing is fine, but the 660 is a killer. More details using unix time: sort input.csv -o output.csv = 28 seconds sort -t ',' -k1 input.csv -o output.csv = 28 seconds sort -t ',' -k1,1 input.csv -o output.csv = 64 seconds sort -t ',' -k1,1 -k2,2 input.csv -o output.csv = 194 seconds sort -t ',' -k1,1 -k2,2 -k3,3 input.csv -o output.csv = 328 seconds sort -t ',' -k1,1 -k2,2 -k3,3 -k4,4 input.csv -o output.csv = 483 seconds sort -t ',' -k1,1 -k2,2 -k3,3 -k4,4 -k5,5 input.csv -o output.csv = 561 seconds sort -t ',' -k1,1 -k2,2 -k3,3 -k4,4 -k5,5 -k6,6 input.csv -o output.csv = 660 seconds I could theoretically move the temp directory to SSD, and/or split the file into 4 parts, sort them separately (in parallel) then merge the results, etc. But I'm hoping for something simpler since looks like sort is just picking a bad algorithm. Any suggestions? Testing Improvements using buffer-size: With 2 keys I got a 5% improvement with 8, 20, 24 MB and best performance of 8% improvement with 16MB, but 6% worse with 128MB With 6 keys I got a 5% improvement with 8, 20, 24 MB and best performance of 9% improvement with 16MB. Testing improvements using dictionary order (just 1 run each): sort -d --buffer-size=8M -t ',' -k1,1 -k2,2 input.csv -o output.csv = 235 seconds (21% worse) sort -d --buffer-size=8M -t ',' -k1,1 -k2,2 input.csv -o ouput.csv = 232 seconds (21% worse) conclusion: it makes sense that this would slow the process down, not useful Testing with different file system on SSD - I can't do this on this server now. Testing with code to consolidate adjacent keys: def consolidate_keys(key_fields, key_types): """ Inputs: - key_fields - a list of numbers in quotes: ['1','2','3'] - key_types - a list of types of the key_fields: ['integer','string','integer'] Outputs: - key_fields - a consolidated list: ['1,2','3'] - key_types - a list of types of the consolidated list: ['string','integer'] """ assert(len(key_fields) == len(key_types)) def get_min(val): vals = val.split(',') assert(len(vals) <= 2) return vals[0] def get_max(val): vals = val.split(',') assert(len(vals) <= 2) return vals[len(vals)-1] i = 0 while True: try: if ( (int(get_max(key_fields[i])) + 1) == int(key_fields[i+1]) and key_types[i] == key_types[i+1]): key_fields[i] = '%s,%s' % (get_min(key_fields[i]), key_fields[i+1]) key_types[i] = key_types[i] key_fields.pop(i+1) key_types.pop(i+1) continue i = i+1 except IndexError: break # last entry return key_fields, key_types While this code is just a work-around that'll only apply to cases in which I've got a contiguous set of keys - it speeds up the code by 95% in my worst case scenario.

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• UNIX - mount: only root can do that

  - by Travesty3

  I need to allow a non-root user to mount/unmount a device. I am a total noob when it comes to UNIX, so please dumb it down for me. I've been looking all over teh interwebz to find an answer and it seems everyone is giving the same one, which is to modify /etc/fstab to include that device with the 'user' option (or 'users', tried both). Cool, well I did that and it still says "mount: only root can do that". Here are the contents of my fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'vol_id --uuid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # / was on /dev/mapper/minicc-root during installation UUID=1a69f02a-a049-4411-8c57-ff4ebd8bb933 / ext3 relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=038498fe-1267-44c4-8788-e1354d71faf5 /boot ext2 relatime 0 2 # swap was on /dev/mapper/minicc-swap_1 during installation UUID=0bb583aa-84a8-43ef-98c4-c6cb25d20715 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdcard auto auto,user,rw,exec 0 0 My thumb drive partition shows up as /dev/sdb1. I'm pretty sure my fstab is set up OK, but everyone on the other posts seems to fail to mention how they actually call the 'mount' command once this entry is in the fstab file. I think this is where my problem may be. The command I use to mount the drive is: $ mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdcard. /bin/mount is owned by root and is in the root group and has 4755 permissions. /bin/umount is owned by root and is in the root group and has 4755 permissions. /mnt/sdcard is owned by me and is in one of my groups and has 0755 permissions. My mount command works fine if I use sudo, but I need to be able to do this without sudo (need to be able to do it from a PHP script using shell_exec). Any suggestions? Sorry for making you read so much...just trying to get as much info in the initial post as possible to preemptively answer questions about configuration stuff. If I missed anything tho, ask away. Thanks! -Travis

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• Apache, Tomcat 5 and problem with HTTP basic auth

  - by Juha Syrjälä

  I have setup a Tomcat with a webapp that uses http basic auth in some of its URLs. There is a Apache server in front of the Tomcat. I have setup Apache as a proxy like this (all traffic should go directly to tomcat): /etc/httpd/conf.d/proxy_ajp.conf: LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so ProxyPass / ajp://localhost:8009/ ProxyPassReverse / ajp://localhost:8009/ There is a webapp installed to root of Tomcat (ROOT.war), so I should be able to use http://localhost/ to access my webapp. But it is not working with http basic auth. The problem is that everything works until I try to access URL that are protected by the HTTP basic auth. URLs without authentication work just fine. When accessing this url via apache I am getting an error message from Apache. If I access the same URL directly from tomcat, everything works just fine. I am getting this to Apache error log: [Wed Sep 01 21:34:01 2010] [error] proxy: dialog to [::1]:8009 (localhost) failed access log looks like this: ::1 - - [01/Sep/2010:21:34:01 +0300] "GET /protected_path/ HTTP/1.0" 503 360 "-" "w3m/0.5.2" I am using: Fedora release 13 (Goddard) httpd-2.2.16-1.fc13.x86_64 tomcat5-5.5.27-7.4.fc12.noarch The basic auth is implemented in the webapp (not in Apache or Tomcat). The webapp is actually implemented in Scala/Lift, but that shouldn't matter. The auth works if I access the tomcat directly. Error message that I am getting from Apache. It is curious that the title is Unauthorized and not Internal error: Unauthorized The server is temporarily unable to service your request due to maintenance downtime or capacity problems. Please try again later. Apache/2.2.16 (Fedora) Server at my.server.name.com Port 80 It could be that Apache is seeing a some thing else than 200 OK response and thinks that it is an error when it actually should pass the received 401 Unauthorized response directly to browser. If this is the problem, how to fix it?

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• Protect all XML-RPC calls with HTTP basic auth but one

  - by bodom_lx

  I set up a Django project for smartphone serving XML-RPC methods over HTTPS and using basic auth. All XML-RPC methods require username and password. I would like to implement a XML-RPC method to provide registration to the system. Obviously, this method should not require username and password. The following is the Apache conf section responsible for basic auth: <Location /RPC2> AuthType Basic AuthName "Login Required" Require valid-user AuthBasicProvider wsgi WSGIAuthUserScript /path/to/auth.wsgi </Location> This is my auth.wsgi: import os import sys sys.stdout = sys.stderr sys.path.append('/path/to/project') os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'project.settings' from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django import db def check_password(environ, user, password): """ Authenticates apache/mod_wsgi against Django's auth database. """ db.reset_queries() kwargs = {'username': user, 'is_active': True} try: # checks that the username is valid try: user = User.objects.get(**kwargs) except User.DoesNotExist: return None # verifies that the password is valid for the user if user.check_password(password): return True else: return False finally: db.connection.close() There are two dirty ways to achieve my aim with current situation: Have a dummy username/password to be used when trying to register to the system Have a separate Django/XML-RPC application on another URL (ie: /register) that is not protected by basic auth Both of them are very ugly, as I would also like to define a standard protocol to be used for services like mine (it's an open Dynamic Ridesharing Architecture) Is there a way to unprotect a single XML-RPC call (ie. a defined POST request) even if all XML-RPC calls over /RPC2 are protected?

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• Protect all XML-RPC calls with HTTP basic auth but one

  - by bodom_lx

  I set up a Django project for smartphone serving XML-RPC methods over HTTPS and using basic auth. All XML-RPC methods require username and password. I would like to implement a XML-RPC method to provide registration to the system. Obviously, this method should not require username and password. The following is the Apache conf section responsible for basic auth: <Location /RPC2> AuthType Basic AuthName "Login Required" Require valid-user AuthBasicProvider wsgi WSGIAuthUserScript /path/to/auth.wsgi </Location> This is my auth.wsgi: import os import sys sys.stdout = sys.stderr sys.path.append('/path/to/project') os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'project.settings' from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django import db def check_password(environ, user, password): """ Authenticates apache/mod_wsgi against Django's auth database. """ db.reset_queries() kwargs = {'username': user, 'is_active': True} try: # checks that the username is valid try: user = User.objects.get(**kwargs) except User.DoesNotExist: return None # verifies that the password is valid for the user if user.check_password(password): return True else: return False finally: db.connection.close() There are two dirty ways to achieve my aim with current situation: Have a dummy username/password to be used when trying to register to the system Have a separate Django/XML-RPC application on another URL (ie: /register) that is not protected by basic auth Both of them are very ugly, as I would also like to define a standard protocol to be used for services like mine (it's an open Dynamic Ridesharing Architecture) Is there a way to unprotect a single XML-RPC call (ie. a defined POST request) even if all XML-RPC calls over /RPC2 are protected?

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• Standard documentation of Visual Studio commands?

  - by Borek

  Visual Studio has a concept of commands, i.e. actions executable by pressing a shortcut, entering them on the Command Window etc. Visual Studio itself documents its commands (at least some of them) but I was wondering if there is a unified way to get information about any command, e.g. coming from ReSharper, TestDriven.NET etc. What I'd like to see for every command: Textual description of the command List of parameters and their types/allowed values I've never developed a VS addon / extension so am not sure if this question even makes sense but from the user perspective, some documentation would be greatly appreciated. BTW, is the Command Window the best place to get at least an overview of all the commands available? ToolsOptionsKeyboard is another place where I can see shortcuts also but the UI is not very convenient...

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• UNIX Question to b answered??? [closed]

  - by Nits

  Create a tree structure named ‘training’ in which there are 3 subdirectories – ‘level 1’,’ level2’ and ‘cep’. Each one is again further divided into 3. The ‘level 1’ is divided into ‘sdp’, ‘re’ and ‘se’. From the subdirectory ‘se’ how can one reach the home directory in one step and also how to navigate to the subdirectory ‘sdp’ in one step? Give the commands, which do the above actions? How will you copy a directory structure dir1 to dir2 ? (with all the subdirectories) How can you find out if you have the permission to send a message? Find the space occupied ( in Bytes) by the /home directory including all its subdirectories. What is the command for printing the current time in 24-hour format? What is the command for printing the year, month, and date with a horizontal tab between the fields? Create the following files: chapa, chapb, chapc, chapd, chape, chapA, chapB, chapC, chapD, chapE, chap01, chap02, chap03, chap04, chap05, chap11, chap12, chap13, chap14, and chap15. With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files ending in small letters? With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files ending in capitals? With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files whose last but one character is 0? With reference to question 7, What is the command for listing all files which end in small letters but not ‘a’ and ‘c’? In an organisation one wants to know how many programmers are there. The employee data is stored in a file called ‘personnel’ with one record per employee. Every record has field for designation. How can grep be used for this purpose? In the organisation mentioned in question 12 how can sed be used to print only the records of all employees who are programmers. In the organisation mentioned in question 12 how can sed be used to change the designation ‘programmer’ to ‘software professional’ every where in the ‘personnel’ file Find out about the sleep command and start five jobs in the background, each one sleeping for 10 minutes. How do you get the status of all the processes running on the system? i.e. using what option?

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• Most commands won't do anything if I use the console at my Ubuntu server. Why?

  - by Tijs

  I've bought a vps server a few days ago, with Ubuntu on it, but I have a problem now. By nearly all the commands I put in I get this error: : command not found. I am logging in as root. I think this is the Ubuntu version I have: ubuntu-8.04-i386-minimal. (Maybe it has to do with 'minimal'? I really don't know.) To be more specific, the command I have and try to run now is this: cd ~/mclawl; screen -S MCForge -d -m -c /dev/null -- sh -c 'mono MCForge.exe; exec $SHELL' If I do so, I get this: -bash: screen: command not found

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• Convert Spanned Dynamic disk to Basic Help needed.

  - by Mouradb

  Hello all, Here is my scenario; Windows 2008 server on a VM Two VM disks; Disk1 OS Basic Disk2 Data and an Installed Application. Basic Durng the weekend, I was playing with this VM, I wanted to add some space to the Disk2. Created a new disk (disk3), converted it to a Dynamic volum and added this to disk 2 (disk 2 also converted to Dynamic volume) and for some reason these now are spanned volumes. just like an IDOT, I haven't taken any snapshot of this before I've made the changes. My question, is there a way I can re-convert this again to Basic? I don't want to delete and recreate the disk volumes because of the application installed on the disk 2 Any solution or tips I can use?

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• Does Basic User Authentication require 2-Phase communiation?

  - by RED SOFT ADAIR-StefanWoe

  My Application connects to the Internet to HTTP Services using boost::asio. Recently we added support for HTTP Proxys and Basic User Authentication. We implemented Basic User Authentication by just sending Authentication parameters with every HTTP call if a user configured a proxy in our program. Parameters are sent as described here: Authorization: Basic <base64 Encoded username:password> This works at least for one user and his proxy server. Other users report that their Proxy server replys with 407 Proxy Authentication Required My guess is that some proxy servers accept 1 one phase authentication and that others don't. I do not find any information that a 2 Phase communication is requested where the access always is denied for the first call by returning 407 and that only a second call is accepted. Our program yet does not retry the call if a 407 has been returned. Do we have to add this? I asked this question before on stackoverflow but did not get a sufficient answer.

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• Any info about book "Unix Internals: The New Frontiers" by Uresh Vahalia 2nd edition (Jan 2010)

  - by claws

  This summer I'm getting into UNIX (mostly *BSD) development. I've graduate level knowledge about operating systems. I can also understand the code & read from here and there but the thing is I want to make most of my time. Reading books are best for this. From my search I found that these two books The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD Operating System "Unix Internals: The New Frontiers" by Uresh Vahalia are like established books on UNIX OS internals. But the thing is these books are pretty much outdated. yay!! Lucky me. "Unix Internals: The New Frontiers" by Uresh Vahalia 2 edition (Jan 2010) is released. I've been search for information on this book. Sadly, Amazon says "Out of Print--Limited Availability" & I couldn't find any info regarding this book. This is the information I'm looking for: Table of Contents Whats new in this edition? Where the hell can I buy soft-copy of this book? I really cannot afford buying a hardcopy. How can I contact the author? I've lot of hopes & expectations on this book. I've been waiting for its release for a long time. I've sent random mails to & & requesting to have a proper website for this book. I even contacted publisher for any further information but no replies from any one. If you have any other books that you think will help me. I again repeat, I want to get max possible out of these 2.5 months summer.

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• Executing CLI commands from Java

  - by Dolphin

  Hi I have this API - which I managed to carryout some API steps solely from the CLI without using their GUI. Now I need to execute these CLI commands (i.e. for carrying out these API steps) in Java. When surfing, I couldn't find a helpful link for sample code on how to deal with this. May I know how to execute CLI commands using Java code (say in a Java class) Appreciate any insight, suggestions or guidance. Many thanks in advance

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• SQlite: Column format for unix timestamp; Integer types

  - by SF.

  Original problem: What is the right column format for a unix timestamp? The net is full of confusion: some posts claim SQLite has no unsigned types - either whatsoever, or with exception of the 64bit int type (but there are (counter-)examples that invoke UNSIGNED INTEGER). The data types page mentions it only in a bigint example. It also claims there is a 6-byte integer but doesn't give a name for it. Of course standard INTEGER being 4-byte signed signed stores unix timestamps as negative numbers. I've heard that some systems return 64-bit timestamps too. OTOH I'm not too fond of wasting 4 bytes to store 1 extra bit (top bit of timestamp), and even if I have to pick a bigger data format, I'd rather go for the 6-byte one. I've even seen a post that claims SQLite unix timestamp is of type REAL... Complete problem: Could someone please clarify that mess?

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• Converting dynamic to basic disk

  - by Josip Medved

  I converted basic disk to dynamic on my laptop. However, now I cannot install Windows 7 on another partition. I just get message that installing them on dynamic disk is not supported. Is there a way to convert dynamic disk to basic without losing data on already existing partition?

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• Better way to set unix permissions when deploying war file

  - by Chris G

  We have a vendor application where we download their updates and deploy a war file. We are deploying the war file on a unix application server running oracle application server 9i. I believe when we deploy the war file, we remove the previous install and then deploy the new war file. When we deploy the war file, sometimes we have to manually set the unix file permissions for the class and other files. We do this so all the unix user ids can run the processes they need. Is there a better way to do this?

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• Firefox in Ubuntu : how to automate basic authentication password confirm dialog

  - by golemwashere

  Hi, I have an Ubuntu workstation with Firefox always open on a (autorefreshing) web page protected by basic auth. At startup, I have autologin and automatic Firefox start on the page and I have saved the basic auth credentials. I'd like to confirm in some automated way the username/password dialog box which pops up on the first opening of the page, or I'd like to know if there's any hack to avoid this dialog box. I tried setting the homepage to http://username%3Apassword@myserver/mypage put that doesn't stop confirmation dialog boxes.

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• How to validate Windows VC++ DLL on Unix systems

  - by Guildencrantz

  I have a solution, mostly C#, but with a few VC++ projects, that is pushed through our standard release process (perl and bash scripts on Unix boxes). Currently the initiative is to validate DLL and EXE versions as they pass through the process. All the versioning is set so that File Version is of the format $Id: $ (between the colon and the second dollar should be a git commit hash), and the Product Version is of the format $Hudson Build: $ (between the colon and the second dollar should be a string representing the hudson build details). Currently this system works extremely well for the C# projects because this version information is stored as plain strings within the compiled code (you can literally use the unix strings command and see the version information); the problem is that the VC++ projects do not expose this information as strings (I have used a windows system to verify that the version information is correctly being set), so I'm not sure how to extract the version on a unix system. Any suggestions for either A) Getting a string representation of the version embedded in the compiled code, or B) A utility/script which can extract this information?

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• Postfix Postscreen: how to use postscreen for smtp and smtps both

  - by petermolnar

  I'm trying to get postscreen work. I've followed the man page and it's already running correctly for smtp. But it I want to use it for smtps as well (adding the same line as smtp in master.cf but with smtps) i receive failure messages in syslog like: postfix/postscreen[8851]: fatal: btree:/var/lib/postfix/postscreen_cache: unable to get exclusive lock: Resource temporarily unavailable Some say that postscreen can only run once; that's ok. But can I use the same postscreen session for both smtp and smtps? If not, how to enable postscreen for smtps as well? Any help would be apprecieted! The parts of the configs: main.cf postscreen_access_list = permit_mynetworks, cidr:/etc/postfix/postscreen_access.cidr postscreen_dnsbl_threshold = 8 postscreen_dnsbl_sites = dnsbl.ahbl.org*3 dnsbl.njabl.org*3 dnsbl.sorbs.net*3 pbl.spamhaus.org*3 cbl.abuseat.org*3 bl.spamcannibal.org*3 nsbl.inps.de*3 spamrbl.imp.ch*3 postscreen_dnsbl_action = enforce postscreen_greet_action = enforce master.cf (full) smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog ### the problematic line ### smtps inet n - - - - smtpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp relay unix - - - - - smtp showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=virtuser:virtuser argv=/usr/bin/spamc -e /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient} -f {sender}

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• 8 Deadly Commands You Should Never Run on Linux

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Linux’s terminal commands are powerful, and Linux won’t ask you for confirmation if you run a command that won’t break your system. It’s not uncommon to see trolls online recommending new Linux users run these commands as a joke. Learning the commands you shouldn’t run can help protect you from trolls while increasing your understanding of how Linux works. This isn’t an exhaustive guide, and the commands here can be remixed in a variety of ways. Note that many of these commands will only be dangerous if they’re prefixed with sudo on Ubuntu – they won’t work otherwise. On other Linux distributions, most commands must be run as root. Image Credit: Skull and Crossbones remixed from Jason Ford on Twitter How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates How to Get Pro Features in Windows Home Versions with Third Party Tools HTG Explains: Is ReadyBoost Worth Using?

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• Unix/Linux find and sort by date modified

  - by Richard Easton

  How can I do a simple find which would order the results by most recently modified? Here is the current find I am using (I am doing a shell escape in PHP, so that is the reasoning for the variables): find '$dir' -name '$str'\* -print | head -10 How could I have this order the search by most recently modified? (Note I do not want it to sort 'after' the search, but rather find the results based on what was most recently modified.)

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• Unix : `nc` on Ubuntu vs Redhat (netcat)

  - by bguiz

  How do I achieve the equivalent of nc -q in Redhat 5? Details? nc -q -1 local host ${PORT} ${CMD} In Ubuntu, nc may be use as above, with the -q option. See manpage. -q after EOF on stdin, wait the specified number of seconds and then quit. If seconds is negative, wait forever. However, this option is not available in Redhat 5. See manpage. (Note: The Red Hat website is horrible to search, if someone finds their manpage for nc, please edit this post or comment with the new link).

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• Unix LVM: how to resize root lvm

  - by Hussein Sabbagh

  I took over a virtual server at work after a co-worker left. He, however, setup the server incorrectly at multiple stages and im cleaning them up as I run into them... Currently I realized that the file system is broken in half onto 2 logical volumes both at 50gb. One is mounted as the root directory and the other as the /home directory. Saddly, the server has taken up 46gb of the root lv and i need to expand it. I have already shrunk and remounted the home lv. I resized the root lv, but I can't figure out how to unmount the root directory while the computer is on. Obviously this needs to be done before I can finalize the expansion, but I don't know how. I'd appreciate any help or pointing in the right direction. Thanks in advance. PS this is on a CentOS server.

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