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  • Accessing Static Methods on a Generic class in c#

    - by mrlane
    Hello, I have the following situation in code, which I suspect may be a bit dodgey: I have a class: abstract class DataAccessBase<T> : IDataAccess where T : AnotherAbstractClass This class DataAccessBase also has a static factory method which creates instances of derived classes of itself using an enum value in a which statement to decide which derived type to create: static IDataAccess CreateInstance(TypeToCreateEnum) Now, the types derived from DataAccessBase<T> are themselves NOT generic, they specify a type for T: class PoLcZoneData : DataAccessBase<PoLcZone> // PoLcZone is derived from AnotherAbstractClass So far I am not sure if this is pushing the limits of good use of generics, but what I am really concerned about is how to access the static CreateInstance() method in the first place: The way I am doing this at the moment is to simply pass any type T where T : AnotherAbstractClass. In particular I am passing AnotherAbstractClass itself. This allows compilation just fine, but it does seem to me that passing any type to a generic class just to get at the statics is a bit dodgey. I have actually simplified the situation somewhat as DataAccessBase<T> is the lower level in the inheritance chain, but the static factory methods exists in a middle tier with classes such as PoLcZoneData being the most derived on the only level that is not generic. What are peoples thoughts on this arrangement?

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  • C# ambiguity in Func + extension methods + lambdas

    - by Hobbes
    I've been trying to make my way through this article: http://blogs.msdn.com/wesdyer/archive/2008/01/11/the-marvels-of-monads.aspx ... And something on page 1 made me uncomfortable. In particular, I was trying to wrap my head around the Compose<() function, and I wrote an example for myself. Consider the following two Func's: Func<double, double> addTenth = x => x + 0.10; Func<double, string> toPercentString = x => (x * 100.0).ToString() + "%"; No problem! It's easy to understand what these two do. Now, following the example from the article, you can write a generic extension method to compose these functions, like so: public static class ExtensionMethods { public static Func<TInput, TLastOutput> Compose<TInput, TFirstOutput, TLastOutput>( this Func<TFirstOutput, TLastOutput> toPercentString, Func<TInput, TFirstOutput> addTenth) { return input => toPercentString(addTenth(input)); } } Fine. So now you can say: string x = toPercentString.Compose<double, double, string>(addTenth)(0.4); And you get the string "50%" So far, so good. But there's something ambiguous here. Let's say you write another extension method, so now you have two functions: public static class ExtensionMethods { public static Func<TInput, TLastOutput> Compose<TInput, TFirstOutput, TLastOutput>( this Func<TFirstOutput, TLastOutput> toPercentString, Func<TInput, TFirstOutput> addTenth) { return input => toPercentString(addTenth(input)); } public static Func<double, string> Compose<TInput, TFirstOutput, TLastOutput>(this Func<double, string> toPercentString, Func<double, double> addTenth) { return input => toPercentString(addTenth(input + 99999)); } } Herein is the ambiguity. Don't these two function have overlapping signatures? Yes. Does this even compile? Yes. Which one get's called? The second one (which clearly gives you the "wrong" result) gets called. If you comment out either function, it still compiles, but you get different results. It seems like nitpicking, but there's something that deeply offends my sensibilities here, and I can't put my finger on it. Does it have to do with extension methods? Does it have to do with lambdas? Or does it have to do with how Func< allows you to parameterize the return type? I'm not sure. I'm guessing that this is all addressed somewhere in the spec, but I don't even know what to Google to find this. Help!

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  • Call methods in main method

    - by Niloo
    this is my main method that gets 3 integers from command line and I parse then in my validating method. However I have one operation method that calls 3 other methods, but i don't know what type of data and howmany I have to put in my operatinMethod() " cuase switch only gets one); AND also in my mainMethod() for calling the operationMehod(); itself? please let me know if i'm not clear? Thanx! main method: public class test { // Global Constants final static int MIN_NUMBER = 1; final static int MAX_PRIME = 10000; final static int MAX_FACTORIAL = 12; final static int MAX_LEAPYEAR = 4000; //Global Variables static int a,b,c; public static void main (String[] args) { for(int i =0; i< args.length; i++){} if(validateInput(args[0],args[1],args[2])){ performOperations(); } } //Validate User Input public static boolean validateInput(String num1,String num2,String num3){ boolean isValid = false; try{ try{ try{ a = Integer.parseInt(num1); if(!withinRange(a,MIN_NUMBER, MAX_PRIME)) { System.out.println("The entered value " + num1 +" is out of range [1 TO 10000]."); } isValid = true; } catch(Exception ex) { System.out.println("The entered value " + num1 + " is not a valid integer. Please try again."); } b = Integer.parseInt(num2); if(!withinRange(b,MIN_NUMBER, MAX_FACTORIAL)) { System.out.println("The entered value " + num2 +" is out of range [1 TO 12]."); } isValid = true; } catch(Exception ex) { System.out.println("The entered value " + num2 + " is not a valid integer. Please try again."); } c = Integer.parseInt(num3); if(!withinRange(c,MIN_NUMBER, MAX_LEAPYEAR)) { System.out.println("The entered value " + num3 +" is out of range [1 TO 4000]."); } isValid = true; } catch(Exception ex) { System.out.println("The entered value " + num3 + " is not a valid integer. Please try again."); } return isValid; } //Check the value within the specified range private static boolean withinRange(int userInput ,int min, int max){ boolean isInRange = true; if(userInput < min || userInput > max){ isInRange = false; } return isInRange; } //Perform operations private static void performOperations(int userInput) { switch(userInput) { case 1: // count Prime numbers countPrimes(a); break; case 2: // Calculate factorial getFactorial(b); break; case 3: // find Leap year isLeapYear(c); break; } } // Verify Prime Number private static boolean isPrime(int prime) { for(int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(prime) ; i++) { if ((prime % i) == 0) { return false; } } return true; } // Calculate Prime private static int countPrimes(int userInput){ int count =0; for(int i=userInput; i<=MAX_PRIME; i++) { if(isPrime(i)){ count++; } } System.out.println("Exactly "+ count + " prime numbers exist between "+ a + " and 10,000."); return count; } // Calculate the factorial value private static int getFactorial(int userInput){ int ans = userInput; if(userInput >1 ){ ans*= (getFactorial(userInput-1)); //System.out.println("The value of "+ b +"! is "+ getFactorial(userInput)); } return ans; } // Determine whether the integer represents a leap year private static boolean isLeapYear(int userInput){ if (userInput % 4 == 0 && userInput % 400 == 0 && userInput % 100 ==0){ System.out.println("The year "+ c +" is a leap year"); } else { System.out.println("The year "+ c +" is a not leap year"); } return false; } }

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  • Lambdas within Extension methods: Possible memory leak?

    - by Oliver
    I just gave an answer to a quite simple question by using an extension method. But after writing it down i remembered that you can't unsubscribe a lambda from an event handler. So far no big problem. But how does all this behave within an extension method?? Below is my code snipped again. So can anyone enlighten me, if this will lead to myriads of timers hanging around in memory if you call this extension method multiple times? I would say no, cause the scope of the timer is limited within this function. So after leaving it no one else has a reference to this object. I'm just a little unsure, cause we're here within a static function in a static class. public static class LabelExtensions { public static Label BlinkText(this Label label, int duration) { Timer timer = new Timer(); timer.Interval = duration; timer.Tick += (sender, e) => { timer.Stop(); label.Font = new Font(label.Font, label.Font.Style ^ FontStyle.Bold); }; label.Font = new Font(label.Font, label.Font.Style | FontStyle.Bold); timer.Start(); return label; } }

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  • Invoking methods on objects in java.

    - by David
    If i have a class called Dice which contains this method: public void roll () { this.x = randNum(1, this.sum.length) ; this.sum[x] ++ ; } And i am in a diferent class how do i invoke this method? I am currently trying InstanceOfObjectName.Dice.roll and its not working. What should i do?

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  • Howto UML: sub methods / calls / operations / procedures

    - by hsmit
    How would you guys model this in UML (in a sequence diagram)? .. car1.drive(); .. ... in Car class: .. drive(){ this.startEngine(); } startEngine(){ this.getKey(); this.insertKey(); } .. a small begin: objx car1 ---- ---- | | | drive() | |-------->| startEngine() | |------------. | | | | |<-----------. | | But where comes the getKey() method? Must this be communicated via another sequence diagram? Or is there a way to include sub procedures?

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  • Having trouble with extension methods for byte arrays

    - by Dave
    I'm working with a device that sends back an image, and when I request an image, there is some undocumented information that comes before the image data. I was only able to realize this by looking through the binary data and identifying the image header information inside. I've been able to make everything work fine by writing a method that takes a byte[] and returns another byte[] with all of this preamble "stuff" removed. However, what I really want is an extension method so I can write image_buffer.RemoveUpToByteArray(new byte[] { 0x42, 0x4D }); instead of byte[] new_buffer = RemoveUpToByteArray( image_buffer, new byte[] { 0x42, 0x4D }); I first tried to write it like everywhere else I've seen online: public static class MyExtensionMethods { public static void RemoveUpToByteArray(this byte[] buffer, byte[] header) { ... } } but then I get an error complaining that there isn't an extension method where the first parameter is a System.Array. Weird, everyone else seems to do it this way, but okay: public static class MyExtensionMethods { public static void RemoveUpToByteArray(this Array buffer, byte[] header) { ... } } Great, that takes now, but still doesn't compile. It doesn't compile because Array is an abstract class and my existing code that gets called after calling RemoveUpToByteArray used to work on byte arrays. I could rewrite my subsequent code to work with Array, but I am curious -- what am I doing wrong that prevents me from just using byte[] as the first parameter in my extension method?

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  • What are guard methods/classes?

    - by Paul Sasik
    i just noticed the guard method/class mentioned in this question and i don't really get the concept from the answers. And alas, Jon Skeet's link to an MS site never loaded. A few quick Google searches seemed to yield only products, not software engineering concepts. Any explanation and/or samples would be appreciated. (Especially from the .Net side of things.)

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  • Implementation code of native methods

    - by Tapas Bose
    At first I want to let you know that this question is not related with What is native implementation in Java. I got many useful information from that thread. I want to know that are the codes of the native implementations available? I have jdk source code but I can not find the native codes for System.currentTimeMillis or Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() or other native method. Thanks and regards.

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  • C# naming convention for extension methods for interface

    - by Sarah Vessels
    I typically name my C# interfaces as IThing. I'm creating an extension method class for IThing, but I don't know what to name it. On one hand, calling it ThingExtensions seems to imply it is an extension class to some Thing class instead of to the IThing interface. It also makes the extension class be sorted away from the interface it extends, when viewing files alphabetically. On the other hand, naming it IThingExtensions makes it look like it is an interface itself, instead of an extension class for an interface. What would you suggest?

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  • Initiate methods after selecting an item in a browser

    - by djerry
    Hey there, I'm making an application which monitors and initiates phone calls over ip with innovaphone devices. I'm doing this in wpf. My client asks me if it is possible when he rightclicks on a phone number in a browser, he can initiate a call. So i there anyway to trigger a method after right_clicking a phone number? Thanks in advance.

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  • Methods : Make my method with many input variables with out overloading

    - by Jack Jon
    is there Any Way To Make my Method Take many input variable but with out overloading ... could be my question not clear ... I mean Like That : if I Have This Method public void setValues (int val1,int val2 ,String val3){ } what I want is : use this method with many way setValues (val1,val2) OR setValues (val3) why I want to do that with out overloading : Because if i have as example 10 variable i want to add many method with overloading but i don't like that ... is there any way helps me to check variable or skip it in the same method .. Thanks for help .

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  • Can extension methods be applied to interfaces?

    - by Greg
    Hi, Is it possible to apply an extension method to an interface? (C# question) That is for example to achieve the following: create an ITopology interface create an extension method for this interface (e.g. public static int CountNodes(this ITopology topologyIf) ) then when creating a class (e.g. MyGraph) which implements ITopology, then it would automatically have the Count Nodes extension. This way the classes implementing the interface would not have to have a set class name to align with what was defined in the extension method.

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  • bridge methods explaination

    - by xdevel2000
    If I do an override of a clone method the compiler create a bridge method to guarantee a correct polymorphism: class Point { Point() { } protected Point clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return this; // not good only for example!!! } protected volatile Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return clone(); } } so when is invoked the clone method the bridge method is invoked and inside it is invoked the correct clone method. But my question is when into the bridge method is called return clone() how do the VM to say that it must invoke Point clone() and not itself again???

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  • GetRef to capture methods?

    - by Thom Smith
    I've just discovered VBScript's GetRef function, which gets a reference to the function named by its argument. Is there any way to get a reference to a method in this way? I have a hunch that VBScript doesn't offer the sophistication of binding needed to do so, but it would sure be nice.

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  • Python calling class methods with the wrong number of parameters

    - by Hussain
    I'm just beginning to learn python. I wrote an example script to test OOP in python, but something very odd has happened. When I call a class method, Python is calling the function with one more parameter than given. Here is the code: 1. class Bar: 2. num1,num2 = 0,0 3. def __init__(num1,num2): 4. num1,num2 = num1,num2 5. def foo(): 6. if num1 num2: 7. print num1,'is greater than ',num2,'!' 8. elif num1 is num2: 9. print num1,' is equal to ',num2,'!' 10. else: 11. print num1,' is less than ',num2,'!' 12. a,b,t = 42,84,bar(a,b) 13. t.foo 14. 15. t.num1 = t.num1^t.num2 16. t.num2 = t.num2^t.num1 17. t.num1 = t.num1^t.num2 18. 19. t.foo 20. And the error message I get: python test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 12, in a,b,t = 42,84,bar(a,b) NameError: name 'bar' is not defined Can anyone help? Thanks in advance

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  • Adapting methods which return true/false

    - by James P.
    What's the best practise when adapting C-style functions which return a true/false to Java? Here's a simple method to illustrate where the problem lies. public static boolean fileNameEndsWithExtension( String filename, String fileExtension) { return filename.endsWith( fileExtension ); } Note that there's probably a more elegant way of filtering files (feel free to comment on this). Anyway, if filename is a null value, does one: Return a false if filename is null? If so, how does one go about distinguishing between the case where filename is null and the case where the String or file name doesn't end with a given file extension? Change the return type to the wrapper class Boolean which allows a null value. Throw an Exception and force the programmer to make sure that a null value is never passed to the method? Use another solution?

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  • Javascript: selfmade methods not working correctly

    - by hdr
    Hi everyone, I tried to figure this out for some days now, I tried to use my own object to sort of replace the global object to reduce problems with other scripts (userscripts, chrome extensions... that kind of stuff). However I can't get things to work for some reason. I tried some debugging with JSLint, the developer tools included in Google Chrome, Firebug and the integrated schript debugger in IE8 but there is no error that explains why it doesn't work at all in any browser I tried. I tried IE 8, Google Chrome 10.0.612.3 dev, Firefox 3.6.13, Safari 5.0.3 and Opera 11. So... here is the code: HTML: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html manifest="c.manifest"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <!--[if IE]> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/chrome-frame/1/CFInstall.min.js"></script> <script src="https://ie7-js.googlecode.com/svn/version/2.1(beta4)/IE9.js">IE7_PNG_SUFFIX=".png";</script> <![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="js/lib/excanvas.js"></script> <script src="https://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script src="js/data.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="controls"> <button onclick="MYOBJECTis.next()">Next</button> </div> <div id="textfield"></div> <canvas id="game"></canvas> </body> </html> Javascript: var that = window, it = document, k = Math.floor; var MYOBJECTis = { aresizer: function(){ // This method looks like it doesn't work. // It should automatically resize all the div elements and the body. // JSLint: no error (execpt for "'window' is not defined." which is normal since // JSLint does nor recognize references to the global object like "window" or "self" // even if you assume a browser) // Firebug: no error // Chrome dev tools: no error // IE8: that.documentElement.clientWidth is null or not an object "use strict"; var a = that.innerWidth || that.documentElement.clientWidth, d = that.innerHeight || that.documentElement.clientHeight; (function() { for(var b = 0, c = it.getElementsByTagName("div");b < c.length;b++) { c.style.width = k(c.offsetWidth) / 100 * k(a); c.style.height = k(c.offsetHight) / 100 * k(d); } }()); (function() { var b = it.getElementsByTagName("body"); b.width = a; b.height = d; }()); }, next: function(){ // This method looks like it doesn't work. // It should change the text inside a div element // JSLint: no error (execpt for "'window' is not defined.") // Firebug: no error // Chrome dev tools: no error // IE8: no error (execpt for being painfully slow) "use strict"; var b = it.getElementById("textfield"), a = [], c; switch(c !== typeof Number){ case true: a[1] = ["HI"]; c = 0; break; case false: return Error; default: b.innerHtml = a[c]; c+=1; } } }; // auto events (function(){ "use strict"; that.onresize = MYOBJECTis.aresizer(); }()); If anyone can help me out with this I would very much appreciate it. EDIT: To answer the question what's not working I can just say that no method I showed here is working at all and I don't know the cause of the problem. I also tried to clean up some of the code that has most likely nothing to do with it. Additional information is in the comments inside the code.

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  • Static methods on ASP.NET web sites

    - by Grant
    Hi, i was wondering.. if i have a static method on an asp.net web site (plain vanilla), is that accessible by all users of all sessions? I guess what i am saying is the single instance of a method available to each client? or is there 1 instance for all clients for the site..

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  • The Numerical ‘Magic’ of Cyclic Numbers

    - by Akemi Iwaya
    If you love crunching numbers or are just a fan of awesome number ‘tricks’ to impress your friends with, then you will definitely want to have a look at cyclic numbers. Dr Tony Padilla from the University of Nottingham shows how these awesome numbers work in Numberphile’s latest video. Cyclic Numbers – Numberphile [YouTube] Want to learn more about cyclic numbers? Then make sure to visit the Wikipedia page linked below! Cyclic number [Wikipedia]     

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  • Fed Authentication Methods in OIF / IdP

    - by Damien Carru
    This article is a continuation of my previous entry where I explained how OIF/IdP leverages OAM to authenticate users at runtime: OIF/IdP internally forwards the user to OAM and indicates which Authentication Scheme should be used to challenge the user if needed OAM determine if the user should be challenged (user already authenticated, session timed out or not, session authentication level equal or higher than the level of the authentication scheme specified by OIF/IdP…) After identifying the user, OAM internally forwards the user back to OIF/IdP OIF/IdP can resume its operation In this article, I will discuss how OIF/IdP can be configured to map Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes: When processing an Authn Request, where the SP requests a specific Federation Authentication Method with which the user should be challenged When sending an Assertion, where OIF/IdP sets the Federation Authentication Method in the Assertion Enjoy the reading! Overview The various Federation protocols support mechanisms allowing the partners to exchange information on: How the user should be challenged, when the SP/RP makes a request How the user was challenged, when the IdP/OP issues an SSO response When a remote SP partner redirects the user to OIF/IdP for Federation SSO, the message might contain data requesting how the user should be challenged by the IdP: this is treated as the Requested Federation Authentication Method. OIF/IdP will need to map that Requested Federation Authentication Method to a local Authentication Scheme, and then invoke OAM for user authentication/challenge with the mapped Authentication Scheme. OAM would authenticate the user if necessary with the scheme specified by OIF/IdP. Similarly, when an IdP issues an SSO response, most of the time it will need to include an identifier representing how the user was challenged: this is treated as the Federation Authentication Method. When OIF/IdP issues an Assertion, it will evaluate the Authentication Scheme with which OAM identified the user: If the Authentication Scheme can be mapped to a Federation Authentication Method, then OIF/IdP will use the result of that mapping in the outgoing SSO response: AuthenticationStatement in the SAML Assertion OpenID Response, if PAPE is enabled If the Authentication Scheme cannot be mapped, then OIF/IdP will set the Federation Authentication Method as the Authentication Scheme name in the outgoing SSO response: AuthenticationStatement in the SAML Assertion OpenID Response, if PAPE is enabled Mappings In OIF/IdP, the mapping between Federation Authentication Methods and Authentication Schemes has the following rules: One Federation Authentication Method can be mapped to several Authentication Schemes In a Federation Authentication Method <-> Authentication Schemes mapping, a single Authentication Scheme is marked as the default scheme that will be used to authenticate a user, if the SP/RP partner requests the user to be authenticated via a specific Federation Authentication Method An Authentication Scheme can be mapped to a single Federation Authentication Method Let’s examine the following example and the various use cases, based on the SAML 2.0 protocol: Mappings defined as: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport mapped to LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication BasicScheme urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 mapped to X509Scheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication Use cases: SP sends an AuthnRequest specifying urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 as the RequestedAuthnContext: OIF/IdP will authenticate the use with X509Scheme since it is the default scheme mapped for that method. SP sends an AuthnRequest specifying urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the RequestedAuthnContext: OIF/IdP will authenticate the use with LDAPScheme since it is the default scheme mapped for that method, not the BasicScheme SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with BasisScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the FederationAuthenticationMethod SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with LDAPScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the FederationAuthenticationMethod SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with BasisSessionlessScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with BasisSessionlessScheme as the FederationAuthenticationMethod, since that scheme could not be mapped to any Federation Authentication Method (in this case, the administrator would need to correct that and create a mapping) Configuration Mapping Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes is protocol dependent, since the methods are defined in the various protocols (SAML 2.0, SAML 1.1, OpenID 2.0). As such, the WLST commands to set those mappings will involve: Either the SP Partner Profile and affect all Partners referencing that profile, which do not override the Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings Or the SP Partner entry, which will only affect the SP Partner It is important to note that if an SP Partner is configured to define one or more Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings, then all the mappings defined in the SP Partner Profile will be ignored. Authentication Schemes As discussed in the previous article, during Federation SSO, OIF/IdP will internally forward the user to OAM for authentication/verification and specify which Authentication Scheme to use. OAM will determine if a user needs to be challenged: If the user is not authenticated yet If the user is authenticated but the session timed out If the user is authenticated, but the authentication scheme level of the original authentication is lower than the level of the authentication scheme requested by OIF/IdP So even though an SP requests a specific Federation Authentication Method to be used to challenge the user, if that method is mapped to an Authentication Scheme and that at runtime OAM deems that the user does not need to be challenged with that scheme (because the user is already authenticated, session did not time out, and the session authn level is equal or higher than the one for the specified Authentication Scheme), the flow won’t result in a challenge operation. Protocols SAML 2.0 The SAML 2.0 specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for SAML 2.0 flows: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:unspecified urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:InternetProtocol urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Telephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileOneFactorUnregistered urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PersonalTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PreviousSession urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileOneFactorContract urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Smartcard urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:InternetProtocolPassword urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:TLSClient urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PGP urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SPKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:XMLDSig urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SoftwarePKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Kerberos urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SecureRemotePassword urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:NomadTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:AuthenticatedTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileTwoFactorUnregistered urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileTwoFactorContract urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SmartcardPKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:TimeSyncToken Out of the box, OIF/IdP has the following mappings for the SAML 2.0 protocol: Only urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport is defined This Federation Authentication Method is mapped to: LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication FAAuthScheme BasicScheme BasicFAScheme This mapping is defined in the saml20-sp-partner-profile SP Partner Profile which is the default OOTB SP Partner Profile for SAML 2.0 An example of an AuthnRequest message sent by an SP to an IdP with the SP requesting a specific Federation Authentication Method to be used to challenge the user would be: <samlp:AuthnRequest xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol" Destination="https://idp.com/oamfed/idp/samlv20" ID="id-8bWn-A9o4aoMl3Nhx1DuPOOjawc-" IssueInstant="2014-03-21T20:51:11Z" Version="2.0">  <saml:Issuer ...>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Issuer>  <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="false" Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:unspecified"/>  <samlp:RequestedAuthnContext Comparison="minimum">    <saml:AuthnContextClassRef xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">      urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>  </samlp:RequestedAuthnContext></samlp:AuthnRequest> An example of an Assertion issued by an IdP would be: <samlp:Response ...>    <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion ...>        <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>        <saml:Subject>            <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>            <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">                <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../>            </saml:SubjectConfirmation>        </saml:Subject>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z">            <saml:AuthnContext>                <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>                    urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport                </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>            </saml:AuthnContext>        </saml:AuthnStatement>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> An administrator would be able to specify a mapping between a SAML 2.0 Federation Authentication Method and one or more OAM Authentication Schemes SAML 1.1 The SAML 1.1 specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for SAML 1.1 flows: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:unspecified urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:HardwareToken urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:X509-PKI urn:ietf:rfc:2246 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:PGP urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:SPKI urn:ietf:rfc:3075 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:XKMS urn:ietf:rfc:1510 urn:ietf:rfc:2945 Out of the box, OIF/IdP has the following mappings for the SAML 1.1 protocol: Only urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password is defined This Federation Authentication Method is mapped to: LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication FAAuthScheme BasicScheme BasicFAScheme This mapping is defined in the saml11-sp-partner-profile SP Partner Profile which is the default OOTB SP Partner Profile for SAML 1.1 An example of an Assertion issued by an IdP would be: <samlp:Response ...>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password">            <saml:Subject>                <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>                <saml:SubjectConfirmation>                   <saml:ConfirmationMethod>                       urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer                   </saml:ConfirmationMethod>                </saml:SubjectConfirmation>            </saml:Subject>        </saml:AuthnStatement>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Note: SAML 1.1 does not define an AuthnRequest message. An administrator would be able to specify a mapping between a SAML 1.1 Federation Authentication Method and one or more OAM Authentication Schemes OpenID 2.0 The OpenID 2.0 PAPE specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for OpenID 2.0 flows: http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor-physical Out of the box, OIF/IdP does not define any mappings for the OpenID 2.0 Federation Authentication Methods. For OpenID 2.0, the configuration will involve mapping a list of OpenID 2.0 policies to a list of Authentication Schemes. An example of an OpenID 2.0 Request message sent by an SP/RP to an IdP/OP would be: https://idp.com/openid?openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.realm=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_request&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.if_available=attr0&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.max_auth_age=0 An example of an Open ID 2.0 SSO Response issued by an IdP/OP would be: https://acme.com/openid?refid=id-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=id_res&openid.op_endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid&openid.claimed_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.identity=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.response_nonce=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A06Zid-YPa2kTNNFftZkgBb460jxJGblk2g--iNwPpDI7M1&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_response&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fcount&openid.ax.value.attr0=1&openid.ax.type.attr1=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fschema%2FnamePerson%2Ffriendly&openid.ax.value.attr1=My+name+is+Bobby+Smith&openid.ax.type.attr2=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fax%2Fapi%2Fuser_id&openid.ax.value.attr2=bob&openid.ax.type.attr3=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.value.attr3=bob%40oracle.com&openid.ax.type.attr4=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fipaddress&openid.ax.value.attr4=10.145.120.253&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.auth_time=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A05Z&openid.pape.auth_policies=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fpape%2Fpolicies%2F2007%2F06%2Fphishing-resistant&openid.signed=op_endpoint%2Cclaimed_id%2Cidentity%2Creturn_to%2Cresponse_nonce%2Cassoc_handle%2Cns.ax%2Cax.mode%2Cax.type.attr0%2Cax.value.attr0%2Cax.type.attr1%2Cax.value.attr1%2Cax.type.attr2%2Cax.value.attr2%2Cax.type.attr3%2Cax.value.attr3%2Cax.type.attr4%2Cax.value.attr4%2Cns.pape%2Cpape.auth_time%2Cpape.auth_policies&openid.sig=mYMgbGYSs22l8e%2FDom9NRPw15u8%3D In the next article, I will provide examples on how to configure OIF/IdP for the various protocols, to map OAM Authentication Schemes to Federation Authentication Methods.Cheers,Damien Carru

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  • MSCC: Scripting - Administrator's­ toolbox of magic...

    Finally, we made it to have our April meetup - in May. The most obvious explanation is the increased amount of open source and IT activities that either the MSCC, the Linux User Group of Mauritius (LUGM), or the University of Mauritius Student's Computer Club is organising. It's absolutely incredible to see the recent hype of events here on the island. And I'm loving it! Unfortunately, we also had to deal with arranging for a location this time. It was kind of an odyssey as my requests (and phone calls) haven't been answered, even though I tried it several times - well, kind of disappointing and I have to look into that for future gatherings. In my opinion, it is essential that two parameters of a community meeting are fixed as early as possible: Location, and Date and time You can't just change one or both on the very last minute. Well, this time we had to do it due to unforeseen reasons, and I apologise to any MSCC member which couldn't make it to our April meetup. Okay, lesson learned but now back to the actual meetup report ... Shortly after the meeting I placed the following statement as my first impression: "Spontaneous and improvised :) No, seriously, Ish and Dan had well prepared presentations on shell scripting, mainly focused towards Bourne Again Shell (bash), and the pros and cons of scripting versus actually writing something in a decent programming language. I thought that I could cut myself out of the equation but the demand for information about PowerShell was higher than expected..." Well, it turned out that the interest in Windows PowerShell was high, as I even got a couple of questions on it via social media networks during the evening. I also like to mention that the number of attendees went back to what I would call a "standard" number of participation. This time there were 12 craftsmen, but again a good number of First Timers. Reactions of other attendees Here are some impressions and feedback from our participants: "Enjoyed the bash and powershell (linux / windows) presentations ..." -- Nadim on event comments "He [Daniel] also showed us some syntax loopholes in Bash that could leave someone with bad code." -- Ish on MSCC – Let's talk about Scripting   Glad to see a couple of first time attendees, especially students from the university itself. Some details on the presentations MSCC: First time visit at the University of Mauritius - Phase II Engineering Tower, room 2.9 Gimme some love ... bash and other shells Ish gave a great introduction into shell scripting as he spoke about existing shell environments and a little bit about their history. Furthermore, he talked about various built-in commands, the use of coreutils, the ability to daisy-chain multiple commands using pipes, the importance of the standard I/O streams and their file descriptors in advanced scripting techniques. Combined with a couple of sample statements in the Linux terminal on Ubuntu 14.04 machine it was a solid presentation. Have a closer look at his slides - published on his blog on MSCC – Let's talk about Scripting. Oddities of scripting After the brief introduction into bash it was Daniel's turn to highlight a good number of oddities when working with shell scripts. First of all, it should be clear that scripting is not supposed for any kind of implementations in terms of software but simply to automate administrative procedures and to simplify routine jobs on a system. One of the cool oddities that he mentioned is that everything (!) in a shell is represented by strings; there are no other types like integer, float, date-time, etc. that you'd like to use in a full-fledged programming language. Let's have a look at his sample:  more to come... What's the output? As a conclusion, Daniel suggests that shell scripting should be limited but not restricted to automatic repetitive command stacks and batch jobs, startup wrapper for applications in order to set up the execution environment, and other not too sophisticated jobs. But as soon as it might involve a little bit more logic or you might rely on performance it's better to write an application in Ruby, Python, or Perl (among others of course). This is also enables the possibility to test your code properly. MSCC: Ish talking about Bourne Again Shell (bash) and shell scripting to automate regular tasks MSCC: Daniel gives an overview about the pros and cons of shell scripting versus programming MSCC: PowerShell as your scripting solution on Windows operating systems The path of the Enlightened is long ... and tough. Honestly, even though PowerShell was mentioned without any further details on the meetup's agenda, I didn't expect that there would be demand to give a presentation on Microsoft PowerShell after all. I already took this topic out of the announcement but the audience wanted to have some information. Okay, then let's see what I could do - improvised style. While my machine booted and got hooked up to the projector, I started to talk about the beginnings of PowerShell from back in 2006, and its predecessors MS DOS and Command Prompt. A throwback in history... always good for young people. As usual, Microsoft didn't get it at that time. Instead of listening to their client's needs and demands they ignored the feasibility to administrate Windows server farms without any UI tools. PowerShell is actually a result of this, and seeing that shell scripting is a common, reliable and fast way in an administrator's toolbox for decades, Microsoft had to adapt from their Microsoft Management Console (MMC) to a broader approach. It's not like shell scripting was something new; it is in daily use by alternative operating systems like AIX, HP UX, Solaris, and last but not least Linux. Most interestingly, Microsoft is very good at renovating existing architectures, and over the years PowerShell not only replaced their own combination of Command Prompt and Scripting Hosts (VBScript and CScript) but really turned into a challenging competitor on the market. The shell is easy to extend with cmdlets, and open to other Microsoft products like SQL Server, SharePoint, as well as Third-party software applications. Similar to MMC PowerShell also offers the ability to administer other machine remotely - only without a graphical user interface and therefore it's easier to automate and schedule regular tasks. Following is a sample of a PowerShell script file (extension .ps1): $strComputer = "." $colItems = get-wmiobject -class Win32_BIOS -namespace root\CIMV2 -comp $strComputer foreach ($objItem in $colItems) {write-host "BIOS Characteristics: " $objItem.BiosCharacteristicswrite-host "BIOS Version: " $objItem.BIOSVersionwrite-host "Build Number: " $objItem.BuildNumberwrite-host "Caption: " $objItem.Captionwrite-host "Code Set: " $objItem.CodeSetwrite-host "Current Language: " $objItem.CurrentLanguagewrite-host "Description: " $objItem.Descriptionwrite-host "Identification Code: " $objItem.IdentificationCodewrite-host "Installable Languages: " $objItem.InstallableLanguageswrite-host "Installation Date: " $objItem.InstallDatewrite-host "Language Edition: " $objItem.LanguageEditionwrite-host "List Of Languages: " $objItem.ListOfLanguageswrite-host "Manufacturer: " $objItem.Manufacturerwrite-host "Name: " $objItem.Namewrite-host "Other Target Operating System: " $objItem.OtherTargetOSwrite-host "Primary BIOS: " $objItem.PrimaryBIOSwrite-host "Release Date: " $objItem.ReleaseDatewrite-host "Serial Number: " $objItem.SerialNumberwrite-host "SMBIOS BIOS Version: " $objItem.SMBIOSBIOSVersionwrite-host "SMBIOS Major Version: " $objItem.SMBIOSMajorVersionwrite-host "SMBIOS Minor Version: " $objItem.SMBIOSMinorVersionwrite-host "SMBIOS Present: " $objItem.SMBIOSPresentwrite-host "Software Element ID: " $objItem.SoftwareElementIDwrite-host "Software Element State: " $objItem.SoftwareElementStatewrite-host "Status: " $objItem.Statuswrite-host "Target Operating System: " $objItem.TargetOperatingSystemwrite-host "Version: " $objItem.Versionwrite-host} Which gives you information about your BIOS and Windows OS. Then change the computer name to another one on your network (NetBIOS based) and run the script again. There lots of samples and tutorials at the Microsoft Script Center, and I would advise you to pay a visit over there if you are more interested in PowerShell. The Script Center provides the download links, too. Upcoming Events What are the upcoming events here in Mauritius? So far, we have the following ones (incomplete list as usual) in chronological order: Hacking Defence (14. May 2014) WebCup Maurice (7. & 8. June 2014) Developers Conference (TBA ~ July 2014) Linuxfest 2014 (TBA ~ November 2014) Hopefully, there will be more announcements during the next couple of weeks and months. If you know about any other event, like a bootcamp, a code challenge or hackathon here in Mauritius, please drop me a note in the comment section below this article. Thanks! My resume of the day Spontaneous and improvised :) The new location at the University of Mauritius turned out very well, there is plenty of space, and it could be a good choice for future meetings. Especially, having the ability to get more and more students into our IT community sounds like a great opportunity. Later during the day, I got some promising mails from Nadim regarding future sessions at the local branch of the Middlesex University. Well, we will see in the future... But for now this will be on hold until approximately October when students resume their regular studies. Anyway, it was a good experience at the university, and thanks again to the UoM Student's Computer Club that made the necessary arrangements for the MSCC!

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