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• Is there a canonical source supporting "all-surrogates"?

  - by user61852

  Background The "all-PK-must-be-surrogates" approach is not present in Codd's Relational Model or any SQL Standard (ANSI, ISO or other). Canonical books seems to elude this restrictions too. Oracle's own data dictionary scheme uses natural keys in some tables and surrogate keys in other tables. I mention this because these people must know a thing or two about RDBMS design. PPDM (Professional Petroleum Data Management Association) recommend the same canonical books do: Use surrogate keys as primary keys when: There are no natural or business keys Natural or business keys are bad ( change often ) The value of natural or business key is not known at the time of inserting record Multicolumn natural keys ( usually several FK ) exceed three columns, which makes joins too verbose. Also I have not found canonical source that says natural keys need to be immutable. All I find is that they need to be very estable, i.e need to be changed only in very rare ocassions, if ever. I mention PPDM because these people must know a thing or two about RDBMS design too. The origins of the "all-surrogates" approach seems to come from recommendations from some ORM frameworks. It's true that the approach allows for rapid database modeling by not having to do much business analysis, but at the expense of maintainability and readability of the SQL code. Much prevision is made for something that may or may not happen in the future ( the natural PK changed so we will have to use the RDBMS cascade update funtionality ) at the expense of day-to-day task like having to join more tables in every query and having to write code for importing data between databases, an otherwise very strightfoward procedure (due to the need to avoid PK colisions and having to create stage/equivalence tables beforehand ). Other argument is that indexes based on integers are faster, but that has to be supported with benchmarks. Obviously, long, varying varchars are not good for PK. But indexes based on short, fix-length varchar are almost as fast as integers. The questions - Is there any canonical source that supports the "all-PK-must-be-surrogates" approach ? - Has Codd's relational model been superceded by a newer relational model ?

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• RSA keys - virtual hosts

  - by Bosworth99

  Pardon my noobness, but I just got started with VPS (linux) hosting; setting up passwordless ssh for multiple users has proved to be kind of a pain. Currently I'm the single user of this ubuntu 10.04 LTS VPS (linode.com). I was able to establish a single rsa passkey under my home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys location. Fine. PuTTy works as expected, and Filezilla (sftp) links up as required. I've been working on a single site that this user owns, and thats not been a problem. Now, I want to set up some other sites, and I've chosen Webmin with the VirtualMin plugin to make this work. I made another user (or, rather, virtualmin did), but I've been unable to get FileZilla to link up to this new user. Could anyone with experience here explain what the setup is supposed to look like? IE - can I use a single rsa key pair for all accounts (if, for example, I give ownership of files to the original user?). Or is it standard practice to create a separate key pair for each user, and establish a separate putty/filezilla login for each? I've spent enough time dinking around with this to be frustrated. "Sever rejected the provided key" error sucks after the fifth hour. I'm about to set up an ftp server and call it a day. Any thoughts would be most welcome -

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• Create taskbar shortcut to website in Window 7

  - by BJ292

  I'd like to create a shortcut to a website in Windows 7 on the taskbar that is not pinned to the default web browser. Currently if I drag the favicon from the left end of the firefox address bar to the Win 7 taskbar it will pin a shortcut to the firefox browser icon. Similarly if I create a shortcut on the desktop to a website and drag it to the taskbar it will also end up pinned to the firefox icon. The problem with this is to get to that shortcut I have to right click on the firefox icon and then select the pinned shortcut. That is workable for me but I want to do this for a child - so the shortcut needs to be right there on the taskbar as a stand-alone item. There is a workaround that pretty much solves the problem - create a new folder somewhere safe - create the shortcut to the website in the new folder - right click the taskbar and select toolbars - new toolbar - then browse to the folder you created and select it as the new toolbar. The contents of the folder will now appear on the taskbar as shortcuts. You need to drag it from the right hand end of the taskbar into the middle - turn off show titles and show text and make the icon large. I'd call this a 75% solution. Anyone know how to make a web shortcut that looks and operates just like any of the other shortcuts on the taskbar?

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• How do you hit modifier keys when touch typing?

  - by Bob Ueland

  I am a programmer and I want to learn to touch type. As all programmers know, using modifier keys like Control, Command and Alt are essential. When programming I think that every second or third word I use involves a modifier key. But most touch typing learning software do not address these keys, it is as if they do not exist. Not only do they not let you practice them, they do not even tell you which fingers to use to hit them. Actually there is a touch typing game that I use called StarTyper (http://lidenanna.com) that lets you practice modifier keys and even make up your own custom words containing modifier keys. But not even this game tells you which fingers to use when hitting the modifier keys. Has anybody addressed this problem. Or are there just homespun methods that work for one person but not for the other?

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• Foreign keys vs partitioning

  - by Industrial

  Hi! Since foreign keys are not supported by partitioned mySQL databases for the moment, I would like to hear some pro's and con's for a read-heavy application that will handle around 1-400 000 rows per table. Unfortunately, I dont have enough experience yet in this area to make the conclusion by myself... Thanks a lot! References: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1537219/how-to-handle-foreign-key-while-partitioning http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2496140/mysql-partitioning-with-foreign-keys

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• Sort array by keys of another array.

  - by marbrun

  Hello There are 2 arrays, both with the same length and with the same keys: $a1 = [1=>2000,65=>1354,103=>1787]; $a2 = [1=>'hello',65=>'hi',103=>'goodevening']; asort($a1); The keys of a1 and a2 are id's from a database. a1 gets sorted by value. Once sorted, how can we use the same sorting order in a2? Thanks!

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• NSTableView navigate with arrow keys

  - by Matt S.

  How can I navigate through my table view with the arrow keys. Much like setAction: or setDoubleAction, but with the arrow keys.

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• SQL SERVER – SELECT TOP Shortcut in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)

  - by pinaldave

  This is tool is pretty old, yet always comes as a handy tip. I had a great trip at TechEd in India. And, during one of my presentations, I was asked if there are any shortcuts to SELECT only TOP 100 records from SSMS. I immediately told him that if he explores the table in SSMS, he can just right click on it and SELECT TOP 1000 records. If he wanted only 100 records, then he could edit that 1000 to 100 by means of going to Options. Go to Options, then hover the mouse over the SQL Server Object Explorer, then proceed to Commands. Afterwards, change the Value for Select Top <n> Audit Records. After narrating the steps, he told me that he was not looking for the right click option; rather he was asking if there is any kind of keyboard shortcut for convenience’s sake. Actually, a keyboard shortcut is also possible. SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) lets you configure the settings you want using a shortcut. Here is how you can do it. Go to Options, then to Environment. Proceed to Keyboard, and from there, configure your T-SQL with the desired keyword. Now, open SSMS New Query Window, and then click and type in any table name.  After that, just hit the shortcut you just made earlier. Doing this should display TOP 100 records in the Result window. I am sure this trick is quite old, but it is still helpful to many. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Add-On, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Visual Studio Shortcut: Surround With

  - by Jeff Widmer

  I learned a new Visual Studio keyboard shortcut today that is really awesome; the “Surround With” shortcut.  You can trigger the Surround With context menu by pressing the Ctrl-K, Ctrl-S key combination when on a line of code. Ctrl-K, Ctrl-S means to hold down the Control key and then press K and then while still holding down the Control key press S. Here is where this comes in handy: You type a line of code and then realize you need to put it within an if statement block. So you type “if” and hit tab twice to insert the if statement code snippet.  Then you highlight the previous line of code that you typed, and then either drag and drop it into the if-then block or cut and paste it.  That is not too bad but it is a lot of extra key clicks and mouse moves. Now try the same with the Surround With keyboard shortcut.  Just highlight that line of code that you just typed and press Ctrl-K, Ctrl-S and choose the if statement code snippet, hit tab, and POW!... you are done!  No more code moving/indenting required. Here is what the Surround With context menu looks like: Just up or down arrow inside the drop down list to the code snippet that you want to surround your currently selected text with.  Did I mention this is AWESOME! Now it is so simple to surround lines of code with an if-then block or a try-catch-finally block... things that usually took several key clicks and maybe one or two mouse moves. And this works in both Visual Studio 2008 and Visual Studio 2010 which means it has been around for a long time and I never knew about it.   Technorati Tags: Visual Studio Keyboard Shortcut

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• Application shortcut reappears on restart

  - by Nathan Friesen

  I have an application that I have built a .msi installer for throgh Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. I recently made some updates, including changing the version number and rebuilt the installer with these updates. The installer includes shortcuts on both the desktop and in the Start menu. Running the installer appears to work fine, and both of these shortcuts work. After restarting my computer I've found that the shortcuts are changed to have a Target type of Application (Installs on first use) and the Start In: field is changed to a location that doesn't exist. Once this happens, every time you use that shortcut it tries to install the application again and fails. I have also changed the name of the shortcut that the installer creates. This appears to work, and the shortcut still works after a restart. After the restart, though, the shortcut with the old name that doesn't work also appears on the desktop and in the Start menu. Does anyone have any ideas what I may have set up wrong, or what I need to change to get the shortcuts to be have properly?

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• what web based tool, to allow a non-technical user to manage authorized keys files on a Linux (fedora/centos/ubuntu/debian) server

  - by Tom H

  (Edit: clarification below) We have a number of groups of developers that change frequently, and a security policy to require individual logins to servers using rsa or dsa public keys, which is achieved via the standard method of adding id_dsa.pub to their authorized keys file. I am using chef to sync the user accounts across machines, however our previous method of using webmin to manage the user passwords is not designed for key based auth, and hence is not easy to use for non-technical users. The developers are logging in from the WAN using ssh, they can either provide their own key, or an administrator will send them a private key. The development machines are located in the cloud and we have a single server available to host the master set of accounts. Obviously I could deploy ldap or other centralised authentication system, but that seems a bit over blown when webmin worked well for the simple case. It is easy to achieve synchronised users, groups and passwords across a bunch of low security development boxes using webmin clustered users and groups. However looking at the currently installed webmin it is not so easy to create the authorized keys as it is to create user accounts and passwords. (its possible, but its not easy - some functionality is in the usermin module, or would required some tedious steps) Ideally I'd like a web interface that is pretty much dedicated to creating users and groups, and can generate key pairs on the fly, and can accepted pasted in public keys to add to the users authorized keys file. If the tool sync'ed the users and keys as well, that would be great, but I can use chef to do that part if the accounts are created correctly on the "master" server.

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• [Linq to SQL] Multiple foreign keys to the same table

  - by cdonner

  I have a reference table with all sorts of controlled value lookup data for gender, address type, contact type, etc. Many tables have multiple foreign keys to this reference table I also have many-to-many association tables that have two foreign keys to the same table. Unfortunately, when these tables are pulled into a Linq model and the DBML is generated, SQLMetal does not look at the names of the foreign key columns, or the names of the constraints, but only at the target table. So I end up with members called Reference1, Reference2, ... not very maintenance-friendly. Example: <Association Name="tb_reference_tb_account" Member="tb_reference" <====== ThisKey="shipping_preference_type_id" OtherKey="id" Type="tb_reference" IsForeignKey="true" /> <Association Name="tb_reference_tb_account1" Member="tb_reference1" <====== ThisKey="status_type_id" OtherKey="id" Type="tb_reference" IsForeignKey="true" /> I can go into the DBML and manually change the member names, of course, but this would mean I can no longer round-trip my database schema. This is not an option at the current stage of the model, which is still evolving. Splitting the reference table into n individual tables is also not desirable. I can probably write a script that runs against the XML after each generation and replaces the member name with something derived from ThisKey (since I adhere to a naming convention for these types of keys). Has anybody found a better solution to this problem?

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• send arrow keys using ganymed ssh java

  - by José Ramón Pérez Rubio

  I am using Ganymed ssh to connect to a remote machine and apart from sending commands I need to send the arrows keys (left and right keys). I can send commands but when I send the arrows keys nothing happends. This is what I have: public boolean createShell() throws Exception { try { // ... m_session= connection.openSession(); m_commandWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(m_session.getStdin()); String encoding=m_commandWriter.getEncoding(); //encoding is UFT8 m_errorPipe=new SSHSyncPipe(m_session.getStderr()); m_outputPipe=new SSHSyncPipe(m_session.getStdout()); m_outputPipe.start(); m_errorPipe.start(); // m_session.requestPTY("bash"); m_session.requestDumbPTY(); m_session.startShell(); m_shellCreated=true; return true; } } So if I use m_commandWriter.write(ls"\r\n"); m_commandWriter.flush(); It works, but m_commandWriter.write(37);//37 is the code for left arrow m_commandWriter.flush(); Doesn't work. Does anyone know what I am doing wrong? Thank you

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• Set Ctrl+Alt+T to open a maximized terminal

  - by queueoverflow

  I use the Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut to open a terminal, but I cannot see how I can get it maximized. When I start it manually, I can simply do a gnome-terminal --maximize, but that does not apply for the shortcut. Even a changing of the .desktop files did not change anything. Any way to let the shortcut open a maximized terminal window? I use regular Gnome 2 on Ubuntu 11.04 with no compositing effects.

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• How do you assign commands to keys in Terminal?

  - by NES

  Is there a solution to assign special key combinations to words in terminal use. For example the less command is very usefull and i use i a lot to pipe the output of another process through it. The idea would be to set up special key combinations that are only active in terminal use assigned to write different commands? So pressing CTRL + l in terminal window could write | less or CTRL + G could stand for | grep Note: i just mean adding the letters to commandline not execute the finally. A similar way what's tabcompletion but more specific.

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• Why do the Escape and Enter keys not always do the right thing in dialog boxes?

  - by Michael Goldshteyn

  Why is it that when a dialog pops up, the Escape key doesn't always cancel it and the Enter key doesn't always press the default button? Shouldn't this be a standard across all dialog boxes in all applications? I have gotten into the habit of pressing Escape to cancel a dialog and Enter to confirm it, but applications (and especially KDE, GNOME and Unity in many many cases) seem to ignore my wishes. What is the problem? Is consitency too much to ask?

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• How do you assign commands to keys to in Terminal?

  - by NES

  Is there a solution to assign special key combinations to words in terminal use. For example the less command is very usefull and i use i a lot to pipe the output of another process through it. The idea would be to set up special key combinations that are only active in terminal use assigned to write different commands? So pressing CTRL + l in terminal window could write | less or CTRL + G could stand for | grep Note: i just mean adding the letters to commandline not execute the finally. A similar way what's tabcompletion but more specific.

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• Foreign Keys and Primary Keys at the same time

  - by Bader

  hello , i am trying to create table (orderdetails) , the table has two FKs and PKs at the same keys here is my code create table OrderDetails2 ( PFOrder_ID Number(3) PFProduct_ID Number(3) CONSTRAINT PF PRIMARY KEY (PFOrder_ID,PFProduct_ID), CONSTRAINT FK_1 FOREIGN KEY (PFProudct_ID) REFERENCES Product(Product_ID), CONSTRAINT FK_2 FOREIGN KEY (PFOrder_ID) REFERENCES Orderr(Order_ID) ); i am using Oracle express , a problem pops when i run the code , here is it ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis what is the problem ?

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• Can't delete keyboard shortcut set for a .ink file

  - by Sirhaian

  So, I installed the Chrome App Launcher on my PC (now on Win8.1) a few weeks ago, and, as I use it very often, I wanted to assign a keyboard shortcut for it. So, I right-clicked the icon on my desktop, and I assigned Ctrl+Alt+<. The problem is... I moved the shortcut to my taskbar, and suddenly noticed that when I wanted to write the "\" (on a Belgian keyboard), it launched the Chrome App Launcher, which is very annoying. I wanted to change it back, but I can't... I deleted the taskbar shortcut, but the keyboard shortcut still launches the App Launcher. I also tried creating a new shortcut with the same association, hoping that it would crush the existing one, but it didn't work. I searched on Google for similar issues, and I couldn't find any... x~x So... How can I delete this shortcut association..?

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• How to re-enable function keys in byobu?

  - by Yang

  I was using byobu on Ubuntu 11.10 Server and I needed to hit a function key in an app, so I hit F9 to bring up the config menu and switched the keybinding set from "f-keys" to "screen-escape-keys". That worked, but now I can't re-enable all the f-keys. I found a program byobu-config that brings up the menu again, and I can switch back to screen keys from there. This fixes things for new screen processes, but the effect on the current screen session is weird: it disables the ctrl-a (screen) keys and restores F2-F8, but F9-F12 still don't do anything (they're just passed on to the foreground process). What's up with this? Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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• Can't make the Multimedia keys work in LXDE

  - by Uri Herrera

  I've tried to edit the configuration file in ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml however the changes don't take effect, i still can't use the keys. The LXDE wiki shows that after finding that my keyboard sends the correct standardized keyboard events i should go and edit the file to my liking, the keyboard does send the correct events and the keys are properly identified yet nothing happens. Since LXDE doesn't come with a sound preferences option i have installed xfce4-mixer. I too have a netbook running Lubuntu and it's media keys are working fine, i don't know if what i installed has had something to do here?. I also installed xfce4-volumed volume keys daemon from synaptic but to no avail, still nothing. How can i make the multimedia keys of my keyboard work in LXDE with xfce4-mixer Edit: Here is my lxde-rc.xml file

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• How to specify which keys CapsLock affects?

  - by Seattle Jörg

  Using Maverick, I am not able to get the CapsLock behaviour I want: I would like it to affect essentially the alphabetical, numerical, and punctuation keys, i.e. all the keys that print something (as opposed to, say, the error keys), but only them. To illuminate this with an example: when writing code that uses % as the symbol for a comment, I want to be able to position the cursor at the start of a range of lines I want to comment out, then hit CapsLock, then iteratively hit the 5 key (using QWERTZ, Shift+5 gives %) and the arrow down key, so that I can quickly place a % at the start of the lines. Ubuntu in default configuration takes CapsLock literally, so that it affects only alphabetic keys. Under Preferences/Keyboard/Layout/Options I can make it act as a pressed Shift, but then the action of the arrow keys is to select text. All the other options available are equivalent to one of these two in my case. Is it possible to somehow get this behaviour? This is standard in Windows.

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• toshiba c800 Fn keys not working

  - by Nirjon Nj

  i am a new born baby in Ubuntu family. And i am really loving it. but i am having few issues which are rally annoying.Please help me to remain in this family. my Toshiba C800 laptop(12.04lts desktop) has special Fn keys as followed Fn+ F2-BRIGHTNESS DOWN F3-BRIGHTNESS UP F4-DISPLAY SELECT F5-TOUCH PAD on/off F6-PREVIOUS F7-PLAY/PAUSE F8-NEXT F9-VOLUME DOWN F10-VOLUME F11-MUTE F12-WiFi on/off now the problem is keys are working fine from F6 to F11(media player keys, i may say) but the keys from F2 to F5 and F12(setting change keys) are not working. please help me. i really liked ubuntu!!

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• Function keys and Hot are switched

  - by Brian

  I recently got a new laptop and installed 12.10 on it. I noticed right away that the "hot keys" on the F keys didn't always do what was pictured and also I noticed that the "hot keys" and the function keys were reversed. e.g. to close a window I have to hit alt-fn-F2 instead of just alt-F2. This is pretty annoying because I've been using the same keyboard shortcuts for years and I don't really want to have to re-learn them. I would also like to switch what the hot keys do, for example the F3 key is pictured as increase screen brightness but it really puts the computer to sleep. I would like to change this back to increase the brightness I looked in keyboard shortcuts settings but these options are not in there. I also downloaded gconf-editor but was unable to find where to change the shortcuts on it. (they weren't at apps \ metacity \ keybinding_commands like others described) any help would be greatly appreciated

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• Entity Framework and multi-tenancy database design

  - by Junto

  I am looking at multi-tenancy database schema design for an SaaS concept. It will be ASP.NET MVC - EF, but that isn't so important. Below you can see an example database schema (the Tenant being the Company). The CompanyId is replicated throughout the schema and the primary key has been placed on both the natural key, plus the tenant Id. Plugging this schema into the Entity Framework gives the following errors when I add the tables into the Entity Model file (Model1.edmx): The relationship 'FK_Order_Customer' uses the set of foreign keys '{CustomerId, CompanyId}' that are partially contained in the set of primary keys '{OrderId, CompanyId}' of the table 'Order'. The set of foreign keys must be fully contained in the set of primary keys, or fully not contained in the set of primary keys to be mapped to a model. The relationship 'FK_OrderLine_Customer' uses the set of foreign keys '{CustomerId, CompanyId}' that are partially contained in the set of primary keys '{OrderLineId, CompanyId}' of the table 'OrderLine'. The set of foreign keys must be fully contained in the set of primary keys, or fully not contained in the set of primary keys to be mapped to a model. The relationship 'FK_OrderLine_Order' uses the set of foreign keys '{OrderId, CompanyId}' that are partially contained in the set of primary keys '{OrderLineId, CompanyId}' of the table 'OrderLine'. The set of foreign keys must be fully contained in the set of primary keys, or fully not contained in the set of primary keys to be mapped to a model. The relationship 'FK_Order_Customer' uses the set of foreign keys '{CustomerId, CompanyId}' that are partially contained in the set of primary keys '{OrderId, CompanyId}' of the table 'Order'. The set of foreign keys must be fully contained in the set of primary keys, or fully not contained in the set of primary keys to be mapped to a model. The relationship 'FK_OrderLine_Customer' uses the set of foreign keys '{CustomerId, CompanyId}' that are partially contained in the set of primary keys '{OrderLineId, CompanyId}' of the table 'OrderLine'. The set of foreign keys must be fully contained in the set of primary keys, or fully not contained in the set of primary keys to be mapped to a model. The relationship 'FK_OrderLine_Order' uses the set of foreign keys '{OrderId, CompanyId}' that are partially contained in the set of primary keys '{OrderLineId, CompanyId}' of the table 'OrderLine'. The set of foreign keys must be fully contained in the set of primary keys, or fully not contained in the set of primary keys to be mapped to a model. The relationship 'FK_OrderLine_Product' uses the set of foreign keys '{ProductId, CompanyId}' that are partially contained in the set of primary keys '{OrderLineId, CompanyId}' of the table 'OrderLine'. The set of foreign keys must be fully contained in the set of primary keys, or fully not contained in the set of primary keys to be mapped to a model. The question is in two parts: Is my database design incorrect? Should I refrain from these compound primary keys? I'm questioning my sanity regarding the fundamental schema design (frazzled brain syndrome). Please feel free to suggest the 'idealized' schema. Alternatively, if the database design is correct, then is EF unable to match the keys because it perceives these foreign keys as a potential mis-configured 1:1 relationships (incorrectly)? In which case, is this an EF bug and how can I work around it?

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