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  • What's the most trivial function that would benfit from being computed on a GPU?

    - by hanDerPeder
    Hi. I'm just starting out learning OpenCL. I'm trying to get a feel for what performance gains to expect when moving functions/algorithms to the GPU. The most basic kernel given in most tutorials is a kernel that takes two arrays of numbers and sums the value at the corresponding indexes and adds them to a third array, like so: __kernel void add(__global float *a, __global float *b, __global float *answer) { int gid = get_global_id(0); answer[gid] = a[gid] + b[gid]; } __kernel void sub(__global float* n, __global float* answer) { int gid = get_global_id(0); answer[gid] = n[gid] - 2; } __kernel void ranksort(__global const float *a, __global float *answer) { int gid = get_global_id(0); int gSize = get_global_size(0); int x = 0; for(int i = 0; i < gSize; i++){ if(a[gid] > a[i]) x++; } answer[x] = a[gid]; } I am assuming that you could never justify computing this on the GPU, the memory transfer would out weight the time it would take computing this on the CPU by magnitudes (I might be wrong about this, hence this question). What I am wondering is what would be the most trivial example where you would expect significant speedup when using a OpenCL kernel instead of the CPU?

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  • What are the best tricks for learning how to -think- in Objective-C?

    - by Braintapper
    Before I get flamed out for not checking previous questions, I have read most of the tutorials, and have Hillegass' book, as well as O'Reilly's book on it. I'm not asking for tips on Cocoa or what IDE to use. Where my issue lies - my 'mental muscle memory' is making it hard for me to read Objective-C code. I have no problems at all reading Java and C code and understanding what's going on. Maybe I'm getting to old to learn a new syntax, but it's a struggle shifting mental gears and looking at Objective-C code and just "getting it" (I thought it might be an isolated case, but I have other friends who are seasoned devs who have said the same thing). Are there any tricks that any non-Objective-C programmers who now know Objective-C used to help process the syntactical differences when learning it? For some reason, I get dyslexic when reading Objective-C code. Maybe I'm not meant to be able to learn it (and that's ok too). I was hoping/wondering if there might be others who have had the same experience.

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  • What happens when modifying Gemfile.lock directly?

    - by Mik378
    Since the second time of bundle install execution, dependencies are loaded from Gemfile.lock when Gemfile isn't changed. But I wonder how detection of changes is made between those two files. For instance, if I'm adding a new dependency directly into Gemfile.lock without adding it into Gemfile (as opposed to the best practice since Gemfile.lock is auto-generated from Gemfile), would a bundle install consider Gemfile as changed ? Indeed, does bundle install process compares the whole Gemfile and Gemfile.lock trees in order to detect changes? If it is, even if I'm adding a dependency directly to Gemfile.lock, Gemfile would be detected as changed (since different) and would re-erase Gemfile.lock (so losing the added dependency...) What is the process of bundle install since the launch for the second time ? To be more clear, my question is: Are changes based only from Gemfile ? That means bundler would keep a Gemfile snapshot of every bundle install execution number N and merely compares it to the bundle install execution N+1 ? Or none snapshot are created in bundler memory and bundler makes a comparison with Gemfile.lock each time to detect if Gemfile must be considered as changed.

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  • why create CLSID_CaptureGraphBuilder2 instance always failed in a machine

    - by Yigang Wu
    It's a real strange issue, the machine information below is from DXDiag. There is no error reported, but create CLSID_CaptureGraphBuilder2 instance always failed in the machine. It's okay to create CLSID_FilterGraph. Before create CLSID_CaptureGraphBuilder2, I have called CoInitialize and created CLSID_FilterGraph. Only this machine has the error, what dll related with this interface or any function needed to call before to make it work? Thanks in advance. System Information Time of this report: 4/24/2010, 09:46:58 Machine name: TURION Operating System: Windows XP Home Edition (5.1, Build 2600) Service Pack 3 (2600.xpsp_sp3_qfe.100216-1510) Language: Japanese (Regional Setting: Japanese) System Manufacturer: To Be Filled By O.E.M. System Model: MS-7145 BIOS: Default System BIOS Processor: AMD Turion(tm) 64 Mobile Technology MT-30, MMX, 3DNow, ~1.6GHz Memory: 768MB RAM Page File: 376MB used, 1401MB available Windows Dir: C:\WINDOWS DirectX Version: DirectX 9.0c (4.09.0000.0904) DX Setup Parameters: Not found DxDiag Version: 5.03.2600.5512 32bit Unicode DxDiag Notes DirectX Files Tab: No problems found. Display Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 2: No problems found. Music Tab: No problems found. Input Tab: No problems found. Network Tab: No problems found.

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  • Better language or checking tool?

    - by rwallace
    This is primarily aimed at programmers who use unmanaged languages like C and C++ in preference to managed languages, forgoing some forms of error checking to obtain benefits like the ability to work in extremely resource constrained systems or the last increment of performance, though I would also be interested in answers from those who use managed languages. Which of the following would be of most value? A language that would optionally compile to CLR byte code or to machine code via C, and would provide things like optional array bounds checking, more support for memory management in environments where you can't use garbage collection, and faster compile times than typical C++ projects. (Think e.g. Ada or Eiffel with Python syntax.) A tool that would take existing C code and perform static analysis to look for things like potential null pointer dereferences and array overflows. (Think e.g. an open source equivalent to Coverity.) Something else I haven't thought of. Or put another way, when you're using C family languages, is the top of your wish list more expressiveness, better error checking or something else? The reason I'm asking is that I have a design and prototype parser for #1, and an outline design for #2, and I'm wondering which would be the better use of resources to work on after my current project is up and running; but I think the answers may be useful for other tools programmers also. (As usual with questions of this nature, if the answer you would give is already there, please upvote it.)

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  • some problem with iOS 4.2.1

    - by bicbac
    Hi, I've been developing an app with MacBook Pro (MBP) so far. Last week one of my friends gave me new macbook air 11"(MBA). so Now I can test my code with more than one machine with the same version of developing tools - Both machine has Xcode (3.2.5) and iOS SDK 4.2.1). After some point my app starts get terminated suddenly(iPhone sumulator), and I was using MBP. I got no error message whatsoever. it just stops. I reckon the crash comes from dealing with memory, like 'release'/ 'double-release'. (I'm not 100% sure though). Anyway I thought there must be some mistake within my code for sure. -Confusion starts from this part.- With my MBA, on the other hand, I don'y see any crash. It just works fine. There is nothing different between MBA & MBP except the h/w specifications. Same code, same versions of XCode and iOS SDK. Is the fact that no crash at MBA suggesting that I have to look somewhere else than the code itself? I red some article and Q&As on iOS4.2.1 and XCode 3.2.5 that the most recent version of XCode doesn't recognize the iOS 4.2.1 since the 4.2.1 came out later the 3.2.5. Is it the reason? I have no idea at this moment what should be the next move. thanks

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  • VS2008 Link Error Using SafeInt3.hpp in 64bit mode.

    - by photo_tom
    I have the below code that links and runs fine in 32bit mode - #include "safeint3.hpp" typedef SafeInt<SIZE_T> SAFE_SIZE_T; SAFE_SIZE_T sizeOfCache; SAFE_SIZE_T _allocateAmt; Where safeint3.hpp is current version that can be found on Codeplex SafeInt. For those who are unaware of it, safeint is a template class that makes working with different integer types and sizes "safe". To quote channel 9 video on software - "it writes the code that you should". Which is my case. I have a class that is managing a large in-memory cache of objects (6gb) and I am very concerned about making sure that I don't have overflow/underflow issues on my pointers/sizes/other integer variables. In this use, it solves many problems. My problem is coming when moving from 32bit dev mode to 64bit production mode. When I build the app in this mode, I'm getting the following linker warnings - 1>cachecontrol.obj : warning LNK4006: "bool __cdecl IntrinsicMultiplyUint64(unsigned __int64 const &,unsigned __int64 const &,unsigned __int64 *)" (?IntrinsicMultiplyUint64@@YA_NAEB_K0PEA_K@Z) already defined in ImageInRamCache.obj; second definition ignored 1>cachecontrol.obj : warning LNK4006: "bool __cdecl IntrinsicMultiplyInt64(__int64 const &,__int64 const &,__int64 *)" (?IntrinsicMultiplyInt64@@YA_NAEB_J0PEA_J@Z) already defined in ImageInRamCache.obj; second definition ignored While I understand I can ignore the error, I would like either (a) prevent the warning from occurring or (b) make it disappear so that my QA department doesn't flag it as a problem. And after spending some time researching it, I cannot find a way to do either.

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  • How to differentiate between exceptions i can show the user, and ones i can't?

    - by Ian Boyd
    i have some business logic that traps some logically invalid situations, e.g. trying to reverse a transaction that was already reversed. In this case the correct action is to inform the user: Transaction already reversed or Cannot reverse a reversing transaction or You do not have permission to reverse transactions or This transaction is on a session that has already been closed or This transaction is too old to be reversed The question is, how do i communicate these exceptional cases back to the calling code, so they can show the user? Do i create a separate exception for each case: catch (ETransactionAlreadyReversedException) MessageBox.Show('Transaction already reversed') catch (EReversingAReversingTransactionException) MessageBox.Show('Cannot reverse a reversing transaction') catch (ENoPermissionToReverseTranasctionException) MessageBox.Show('You do not have permission to reverse transactions') catch (ECannotReverseTransactionOnAlredyClosedSessionException) MessageBox.Show('This transaction is on a session that has already been closed') catch (ECannotReverseTooOldTransactionException) MessageBox.Show('This transaction is too old to be reversed') Downside for this is that when there's a new logical case to show the user: Tranasctions created by NSL cannot be reversed i don't simply show the user a message, and instead it leaks out as an unhandled excpetion, when really it should be handled with another MessageBox. The alternative is to create a single exception class: `EReverseTransactionException` With the understanding that any exception of this type is a logical check, that should be handled with a message box: catch (EReverseTransactionException) But it's still understood that any other exceptions, ones that involve, for example, an memory ECC parity error, continue unhandled. In other words, i don't convert all errors that can be thrown by the ReverseTransaction() method into EReverseTransactionException, only ones that are logically invalid cause of the user.

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  • How to "wrap" implementation in C#

    - by igor
    Hello, I have these classes in C# (.NET Framework 3.5) described below: public class Base { public int State {get; set;} public virtual int Method1(){} public virtual string Method2(){} ... public virtual void Method10(){} } public class B: Base { // some implementation } public class Proxy: Base { private B _b; public class Proxy(B b) { _b = b; } public override int Method1() { if (State == Running) return _b.Method1(); else return base.Method1(); } public override string Method2() { if (State == Running) return _b.Method2(); else return base.Method2(); } public override void Method10() { if (State == Running) _b.Method10(); else base.Method10(); } } I want to get something this: public Base GetStateDependentImplementation() { if (State == Running) // may be some other rule return _b; else return base; // compile error } and my Proxy's implementation will be: public class Proxy: Base { ... public override int Method1() { return GetStateDependentImplementation().Method1(); } public override string Method2() { return GetStateDependentImplementation().Method2(); } ... } Of course, I can do this (aggregation of base implementation): public RepeaterOfBase: Base // no any overrides, just inheritance { } public class Proxy: Base { private B _b; private RepeaterOfBase _Base; public class Proxy(B b, RepeaterOfBase aBase) { _b = b; _base = aBase; } } ... public Base GetStateDependentImplementation() { if (State == Running) return _b; else return _Base; } ... But instance of Base class is very huge and I have to avoid to have other additional copy in memory. So I have to simplify my code have to "wrap" implementation have to avoid a code duplication have to avoid aggregation of any additional instance of Base class (duplication) Is it possible to reach these goals?

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  • Flash browser game - HTTP + PHP vs Socket + Something else

    - by Maurycy Zarzycki
    I am developing a non-real time browser RPG game (think Kingdom of Loathing) which would be played from within a Flash app. At first I just wanted to make the communication with server using simply URLLoader to tell PHP what I am doing, and using $_SESSION to store data needed in-between request. I wonder if it wouldn't be better to base it on a socket connection, an app residing on a server written in Java or Python. The problem is I have never ever written such an app so I have no idea how much I'd have to "shift" my thoughts from simple responding do request (like PHP) to continuously working application. I won't hide I am also concerned about the memory and CPU usage of such Server app, when for example there would be hundreds of users connected. I've done some research. I have tried to do some research, but thanks to my nil knowledge on the sockets subject I haven't found anything helpful. So, considering the fact I don't need real time data exchange, will it be wise to develop the server side part as socket server, not in plain ol' PHP?

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  • What was your "aha moment" in understanding delegates?

    - by CM90
    Considering the use of delegates in C#, does anyone know if there is a performance advantage or if it is a convenience to the programmer? If we are creating an object that holds a method, it sounds as if that object would be a constant in memory to be called on, instead of loading the method every time it is called. For example, if we look at the following Unity3D-based code: public delegate H MixedTypeDelegate<G, H>(G g) public class MainParent : MonoBehaviour // Most Unity classes inherit from M.B. { public static Vector3 getPosition(GameObject g) { /* GameObject is a Unity class, and Vector3 is a struct from M.B. The "position" component of a GameObject is a Vector3. This method takes the GameObject I pass to it & returns its position. */ return g.transform.position; } public static MixedTypeDelegate<GameObject, Vector3> PositionOf; void Awake( ) // Awake is the first method called in Unity, always. { PositionOf = MixedTypeDelegate<GameObject, Vector3>(getPosition); } } public class GameScript : MainParent { GameObject g = new GameObject( ); Vector3 whereAmI; void Update( ) { // Now I can say: whereAmI = PositionOf(g); // Instead of: whereAmI = getPosition(g); } } . . . But that seems like an extra step - unless there's that extra little thing that it helps. I suppose the most succinct way to ask a second question would be to say: When you had your aha moment in understanding delegates, what was the context/scenario/source? Thank you!

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  • Question about array subscripting in C#

    - by Michael J
    Back in the old days of C, one could use array subscripting to address storage in very useful ways. For example, one could declare an array as such. This array represents an EEPROM image with 8 bit words. BYTE eepromImage[1024] = { ... }; And later refer to that array as if it were really multi-dimensional storage BYTE mpuImage[2][512] = eepromImage; I'm sure I have the syntax wrong, but I hope you get the idea. Anyway, this projected a two dimension image of what is really single dimensional storage. The two dimensional projection represents the EEPROM image when loaded into the memory of an MPU with 16 bit words. In C one could reference the storage multi-dimensionaly and change values and the changed values would show up in the real (single dimension) storage almost as if by magic. Is it possible to do this same thing using C#? Our current solution uses multiple arrays and event handlers to keep things synchronized. This kind of works but it is additional complexity that we would like to avoid if there is a better way.

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  • Fast serialization/deserialization of structs

    - by user256890
    I have huge amont of geographic data represented in simple object structure consisting only structs. All of my fields are of value type. public struct Child { readonly float X; readonly float Y; readonly int myField; } public struct Parent { readonly int id; readonly int field1; readonly int field2; readonly Child[] children; } The data is chunked up nicely to small portions of Parent[]-s. Each array contains a few thousands Parent instances. I have way too much data to keep all in memory, so I need to swap these chunks to disk back and forth. (One file would result approx. 2-300KB). What would be the most efficient way of serializing/deserializing the Parent[] to a byte[] for dumpint to disk and reading back? Concerning speed, I am particularly interested in fast deserialization, write speed is not that critical. Would simple BinarySerializer good enough? Or should I hack around with StructLayout (see accepted answer)? I am not sure if that would work with array field of Parent.children. UPDATE: Response to comments - Yes, the objects are immutable (code updated) and indeed the children field is not value type. 300KB sounds not much but I have zillions of files like that, so speed does matter.

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  • Circumvent c++ null-terminated string frustration

    - by ypnos
    I'm using boost::program_options and it suffers from the same as many other c++ libs, even std itself: It still uses C-style null-terminated strings, because nobody really likes the weak std::string. The method in question is: options_description_easy_init& operator()(const char* name, const value_semantic* s, const char* description); The typical use case is just fine: options.add_options() ("graphical", bool_switch(&isGraphical)->default_value(false), "Show any graphical output during runtime") However, I need the name of the option to be set dynamically. The reason is that in some cases I nead a custom prefix, which is added to the string by my function std::string key(const std::string& k): options.add_options() (key("graphical"), bool_switch(&isGraphical)->default_value(false), "Show any graphical output during runtime") This fails. I could now use c_str() on the std::string but that's evil -- I don't know how long program_options keeps the variable around and if my string is still alive when needed. I could also reserve memory in a buffer etc. and hand in that. The buffer is never freed and it sucks/is evil. Is there anything else I can do to circumvent the C-style string mess in this situation?

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  • A generic C++ library that provides QtConcurrent functionality?

    - by Lucas
    QtConcurrent is awesome. I'll let the Qt docs speak for themselves: QtConcurrent includes functional programming style APIs for parallel list processing, including a MapReduce and FilterReduce implementation for shared-memory (non-distributed) systems, and classes for managing asynchronous computations in GUI applications. For instance, you give QtConcurrent::map() an iterable sequence and a function that accepts items of the type stored in the sequence, and that function is applied to all the items in the collection. This is done in a multi-threaded manner, with a thread pool equal to the number of logical CPU's on the system. There are plenty of other function in QtConcurrent, like filter(), filteredReduced() etc. The standard CompSci map/reduce functions and the like. I'm totally in love with this, but I'm starting work on an OSS project that will not be using the Qt framework. It's a library, and I don't want to force others to depend on such a large framework like Qt. I'm trying to keep external dependencies to a minimum (it's the decent thing to do). I'm looking for a generic C++ framework that provides me with the same/similar high-level primitives that QtConcurrent does. AFAIK boost has nothing like this (I may be wrong though). boost::thread is very low-level compared to what I'm looking for. I know C# has something very similar with their Parallel Extensions so I know this isn't a Qt-only idea. What do you suggest I use?

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  • Computing, storing, and retrieving values to and from an N-Dimensional matrix

    - by Adam S
    This question is probably quite different from what you are used to reading here - I hope it can provide a fun challenge. Essentially I have an algorithm that uses 5(or more) variables to compute a single value, called outcome. Now I have to implement this algorithm on an embedded device which has no memory limitations, but has very harsh processing constraints. Because of this, I would like to run a calculation engine which computes outcome for, say, 20 different values of each variable and stores this information in a file. You may think of this as a 5(or more)-dimensional matrix or 5(or more)-dimensional array, each dimension being 20 entries long. In any modern language, filling this array is as simple as having 5(or more) nested for loops. The tricky part is that I need to dump these values into a file that can then be placed onto the embedded device so that the device can use it as a lookup table. The questions now, are: What format(s) might be acceptable for storing the data? What programs (MATLAB, C#, etc) might be best suited to compute the data? C# must be used to import the data on the device - is this possible given your answer to #1?

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  • Calling a WPF Appliaction and modify exposed properties?

    - by Justin
    I have a WPF Keyboard Application, it is developed in such a way that an application could call it and modify its properties to adapt the Keyboard to do what it needs to. Right now I have a file *.Keys.Set which tells the appliaction (on open) to style itself according to that new style. I know this file could be passed as a command line argument into the appliaction. That would not be a problem. My concern is, is thier a way via a managed environment to change the properties of the executable as long as they are exposed properly, an example: 'Creates a new instance of the Keyboard Appliaction Dim e_key as new WpfAppliaction("C:\egt\components\keyboard.exe") 'Sets the style path e_key.SetStylePath("c:\users\joe\apps\me\default.keys.set") e_key.Refresh() 'Applies the style e_key.HideMenu() 'Hides the menu e_key.ShowDeck("PIN") 'Shows the custom "deck" of keyboard keys the developer 'Created in the style appliaction. ''work with events and resposne 'Clear the instance from memory e_key.close e_key.dispose e_key = nothing This would allow my application to become easily accessible to other Touch Screen Application Developers, allowing them to use my key_board and keep the functionality they need. It seems like it might be possible because (name of executable).application shows all the exposed functions, properties, and values. I just have never done this before. Any help would be appreciated, thank you in advance.

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  • Why do I get "request for member in something not a struct or union" from this code?

    - by pyroxene
    I'm trying to teach myself C by coding up a linked list. I'm new to pointers and memory management and I'm getting a bit confused. I have this code: /* Remove a node from the list and rejiggle the pointers */ void rm_node(struct node **listP, int index) { struct node *prev; struct node *n = *listP; if (index == 0) { *listP = *listP->next; free(n); return; } for (index; index > 0; index--) { n = n->next; if (index == 2) { prev = n; } } prev->next = n->next; free(n); } to remove an element from the list. If I want to remove the first node, I still need some way of referring to the list, which is why the listP arg is a double pointer, so it can point to the first element of the list and allow me to free the node that used to be the head. However, when I try to dereference listP to access the pointer to the next node, the compiler tells me error: request for member ‘next’ in something not a structure or union . What am I doing wrong here? I think I might be hopelessly mixed up..?

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  • Question about CALL statement

    - by Bruce
    I have the following code in VC++ Func5(){ StackWalk(); } Func4{ Func5();} I am a Beginner in x86 Assembly Language. I am trying to find out the starting address of Func5(). I get the Func5()'s return address from its stack frame. Now before this return address there should be a CALL statement. So I extract out the bytes before the return address. Sometimes it's a near call like E8 ff ff ff d8. So for this statement I subtract the offset 0x28 from the function's return address to get Func5()'s base address (where it resides in memory). The problem is I don't know how to calculate this for a indirect NEAR call. I have been trying to find out how to do it for some time now. So I have extracted out the first 5 bytes before the return address and they are ff 75 08 ff d2 I think this stands for CALL ECX (ff d2) but I am not sure. I will be very grateful if someone can tell me what kind of CALL statement this is and how I can calculate the function's base address from this kind of call.

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  • Windows 2008 VPS hosting experiences

    - by Luke Bennett
    Whilst similar questions exist, I couldn't find any which quite match my request. I'm looking for hosting for some personal .NET projects which for various reasons I do not want to host on our servers at work. I need to be able to host multiple sites and for that reason I'm thinking of a VPS with RDP access for the time being - don't fancy shared hosting as I feel that doesn't offer me the flexbility and control I'm looking for. What experiences do people have of Windows 2008 VPS providers? I've come across a few possibilities although it seems a lot of places are still on Windows 2003 with 2008 'coming soon'. Is VPS the best way to go? Eventually (depending on how the projects take off) I intend to get a dedicated box but at this stage it's not cost-effective. Also, what are people's experiences of running SQL Server Express on a VPS? What would you say the minimum requirements are for CPU/memory? I know it's not going to be anywhere near as performant as SQL Server 2005/8 running on a dedicated box but I'm hoping it will be an acceptable starting point. Any other tips/advice also welcome! Edit: Forgot to mention, I'm ideally looking for UK hosting although I'm open to alternatives.

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  • Time taken for memcpy decreases after certain point

    - by tss
    I ve a code which increases the size of the memory(identified by a pointer) exponentially. Instead of realloc, I use malloc followed by memcpy.. Something like this.. int size=5,newsize; int *c = malloc(size*sizeof(int)); int *temp; while(1) { newsize=2*size; //begin time temp=malloc(newsize*sizeof(int)); memcpy(temp,c,size*sizeof(int)); //end time //print time in mili seconds c=temp; size=newsize; } Thus the number of bytes getting copied is increasing exponentially. The time required for this task also increases almost linearly with the increase in size. However after certain point, the time taken abruptly reduces to a very small value and then remains constant. I recorded time for similar code, copyin data(Of my own type) 5 -> 10 - 2 ms 10 -> 20 - 2 ms . . 2560 -> 5120 - 5 ms . . 20480 -> 40960 - 30 ms 40960 -> 91920 - 58 ms 367680 -> 735360 - 2 ms 735360 -> 1470720 - 2 ms 1470720 -> 2941440 - 2 ms What is the reason for this drop in time ? Does a more optimal memcpy method get called when the size is large ?

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  • "for" loop from program 7.6 from Kochan's "Programming in Objective-C"

    - by Mr_Vlasov
    "The sigma notation is shorthand for a summation. Its use here means to add the values of 1/2^i, where i varies from 1 to n. That is, add 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 .... If you make the value of n large enough, the sum of this series should approach 1. Let’s experiment with different values for n to see how close we get." #import "Fraction.h" int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; Fraction *aFraction = [[Fraction alloc] init]; Fraction *sum = [[Fraction alloc] init], *sum2; int i, n, pow2; [sum setTo: 0 over: 1]; // set 1st fraction to 0 NSLog (@"Enter your value for n:"); scanf ("%i", &n); pow2 = 2; for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { [aFraction setTo: 1 over: pow2]; sum2 = [sum add: aFraction]; [sum release]; // release previous sum sum = sum2; pow2 *= 2; } NSLog (@"After %i iterations, the sum is %g", n, [sum convertToNum]); [aFraction release]; [sum release]; [pool drain]; return 0; } Question: Why do we have to create additional variable sum2 that we are using in the "for" loop? Why do we need "release previous sum" here and then again give it a value that we just released? : sum2 = [sum add: aFraction]; [sum release]; // release previous sum sum = sum2; Is it just for the sake of avoiding memory leakage? (method "add" initializes a variable that is stored in sum2)

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  • .net printing multiple reports in one document (architecture question)

    - by LawsonM
    I understand how to print a single document via the PrintDocument class. However, I want to print multiple reports in one document. Each "report" will consist of charts, tables, etc. I want to have two reports per page. I've studied the few examples I can find on how to combine multiple documents into one; however, they always seem to work by creating a collection of objects (e.g. customer or order) that are then iterated over and drawn in the OnPrintPage method. My problem and hence the "architecture" question is that I don't want to cache the objects required to produce the report since they are very large and memory intensive. I'd simply like the resulting "report". One thought I had was to print the report to a metafile, cache that instead in a "MultiplePrintDocument" class and then position those images appropriately two to a page in the OnPrintPage method. I think this would be a lot more efficient and scalable in my case. But I'm not a professional programmer and can't figure out if I'm barking up the wrong tree here. I think the Graphics.BeginContainer and Graphics.Save methods might be relevant, but can't figure out how to implement or if there is a better way. Any pointers would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Why is short project lifetime and other situation-specific reasons used to excuse crappy code? [clos

    - by sharptooth
    Every now and then (including on SO) people say things implying that "if the project is short lived you can leave obvious defects there" or "that memory leak only accounts for 100 bytes per whole program lifetime and could be left". Now in my practice I always reuse company-owned code to the greatest extent I can. Like if I need something and I can find it in the company codebase I take it from there and reuse or adapt. This means that any crappy code will be reused as well and I might notice or not notice defects therein. So the defect in some "test we only need for a month" can slip into a proram we ship to customers. And a leak that "only accounted for 100 bytes per lifetime" now could account for 100 bytes 10 times per second in a server application intended to run for months. That's why I don't understand why excuses like that are offered. Is our compamy the only one having a source control? Or are we the only company that requires writing human-readable code? Could anyone shed a light on why people seriously offer such excuses?

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  • Counting XML elements in file on Android

    - by CSharperWithJava
    Take a simple XML file formatted like this: <Lists> <List> <Note/> ... <Note/> </List> <List> <Note/> ... <Note/> </List> </Lists> Each node has some attributes that actually hold the data of the file. I need a very quick way to count the number of each type of element, (List and Note). Lists is simply the root and doesn't matter. I can do this with a simple string search or something similar, but I need to make this as fast as possible. Design Parameters: Must be in java (Android application). Must AVOID allocating memory as much as possible. Must return the total number of Note elements and the number of List elements in the file, regardless of location in file. Number of Lists will typically be small (1-4), and number of notes can potentially be very large (upwards of 1000, typically 100) per file. I look forward to your suggestions.

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