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• How to remap IPs visible from local machine to IPs visible from a machine I have SSH access to?

  - by gooli

  I'm so far out of my depth I don't even know what to google for. There's a server I can connect to via SSH. Via that server I can access other server on its subnet via SSH. What I want to do is be able to access the machines that server has access to directly. Say the server IP is 192.168.7.7 and is the only one in the 192.168.x.x range I have access to. I'd like to configure things in such a way that when I to access say 192.168.7.100 on my machine, the connection will go through an SSH tunnel I open to 192.168.7.7 and out to 192.168.7.100. I would like this to work for any port if at all possible. I know I can set an HTTP proxy and even a SOCKS proxy, but I'm wondering is there is a way to actually remap some of the IP my machine sees to IP only visible from the remote machine. What would this configuration be called? IS this NAT, VPN, IP2IP or something else? How can I set up this on a Windows client box that connects via SSH to a Linux box? Sounds to me like I need to set up some kind of filtering on the network driver or possibly a virtual NIC, but I'm not sure where to go next.

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• IIS7 - how to place application in a folder inside application web site

  - by Nir

  I have a static web site with a blog (an asp.net application), the blog is in a subdirectory of the web site so: example.com/, example.com/Something.htm, example.com/folder/somefile.htm, etc. - are all static files example.com/blog, example.com/blog/categories.aspx, example.com/blog/2011/11/09/post-name.aspx, etc. - all go to the blog app I'm upgrading the static part of the web site to a dynamic site (also an asp.net application) and the blog is incompatible with the new app (the app needs handlers and modules loaded in web.config that don't work with the blog) Also, I have to keep all the old URLs the same - so I can't move the blog to a subdomain or the new app to a folder and the blog generates links based on its folder so clever redirection tricks wouldn't work. Is there a way to place an asp.net application in a folder inside another application (either as a real or virtual folder) so that the root web.config settings don't apply to the application folder? Or some other trick I didn't think of? The system is running IIS7 on Windows Server 2008 64bit, I have full control over the server's configuration. I can't modify the blog's source code but I can edit its web.config and other configuration. I can modify the source of the new application but I can't make it compatible with the blog (most of its usefulness comes from a 3rd party library that is not compatible with the blog). The blog in an asp.net 3.5 webforms application The new root application is an asp.net 4.0 mvc application

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• The bottlenecks of any computer, what to look for?

  - by WebDevHobo

  Whether it is a laptop or a desktop, any computer is made up of several pieces of hardware that communicate with each other. Sending data back and forth to ensure that the user gets the desired results. I have seen some theoretical stuff on computers & hardware, but I wonder how it all comes together. CPU RAM Graphics Card L1 CACHE L2 CACHE L3 CACHE FSB ... And all other things. Which is the biggest bottle neck? Why would a person not want/need a big value in one of those categories in certain situations? P.S.: when reading the specs of the i5 750 processor, I came across this description: In place of the FSB, one or more high speed, point-to-point buses called Quick Path Interconnect (QPI) are used, formerly known as Common Serial Interconnect Bus or CSI. QPI features higher bandwidth than the traditional FSB and is better suited to system scaling. What is this, and how does it compare to FSB? EDIT: I am not planning to buy a computer at all. The goal of this question is to understand the internal relation of various hardware pieces, their specific functions and how they work together. For instance, I have heard to a somewhat higher-than-usual amount of L2/L3 Cache can help speed up your computer. What's up with saying that? Also I forgot to mention Hard-disk RPM.

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• Very uneven CPU utilization with SQL Server 2012 on 2 processor computer with 16 cores / processor

  - by cooplarsh

  After installing SQL Server Enterprise 2012 with the Server + Cal license model, on a computer with 2 processors each with 16 cores (and no hyperthreading involved) and putting the server under extremely heavy load the 16 cores on the first processor were very underutilized, the first 4 cores on the 2nd CPU were heavily utilized, and the last 12 cores were not used at all (because of the 20 core limit for this sql server version). Total CPU utilization was displaying as around 25%. Unfortunately, the server suffered from extremely poor performance even though if the tasks were evenly distributed across the 20 cores it wouldn't have been anywhere near as bad. The Windows Server was running on a VMWare virtual image under ESX Server, but all of the CPU was allocated to the windows server. We tried changing affinity settings (e.g., allocating most cores to CPU and the others to I/O), but that didn't help solve the performance problems. Upgrading the product edition to SQL Server Enterprise Core 2012 not only allowed the SQL Server to utilize the 12 previously unused cores on the 2nd processor, but it also resulted in a much more even distribution of tasks across all of the processors. To get through the backlog of requests cpU utilization jumped to around 90%, and then came down to around 33% once it was caught up, but performance improved dramatically since we failed over to the newly updated version And the performance issues went away. I was wondering if anyone knows what might cause SQL Server to unevenly distribute the load, relying almost exclusively on the first 4 cores of the 2nd processor that had 12 cores idle, and allocate only a few tasks to each of the 16 cores on the first processor. Also, is there any way we could have more evenly distributed the load across the 20 cores that were being used without the product edition upgrade? The flip side of that question is what did the product upgrade do that caused SQL Server to start evenly distributing the load across all of the cores that it recognized? Thanks to any insight to answer these questions and/or links that might help me better understand how to make sense of what was happenings.

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• What's wrong with my VirtualHost?

  - by johnlai2004

  I have the following VirtualHost // filename: /etc/apache2/sites-available/ccbbbcc <VirtualHost 1.1.1.1:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName ccbbbcc.com ServerAlias www.ccbbbcc.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/ccbbbcc/production/public_html/ ErrorLog /srv/www/ccbbbcc/production/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/ccbbbcc/production/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost> And then I also have //filename: /etc/apache2/sites-available/default <VirtualHost 1.1.1.1:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www/ <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> blah blah blah How come when I type into my browser http://1.1.1.1, it takes me to http://ccbbbcc.com ? Even when I point new urls to the IP 1.1.1.1, webpages serve from http://ccbbbcc.com. Why is the ccbbbcc.com overriding all my other virtual hosts? Why am I unable to serve pages from /var/www directory? I've made sure to use a2ensite and to restart apache. This is what my /etc/apache2/ports.conf looks like NameVirtualHost 1.1.1.1:80 Listen 80 Listen 443

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• dd oflag=direct 5x fast

  - by César

  I have Centos 6.2 in server with this specs: 2xCPU 16 Core AMD Opteron 6282 SE 64GB RAM Raid controller H700 1GB cache NV - 2HD 74GB SAS 15Krpm RAID1 stripe 16k (OS Centos 6.2) sda - 4HD 146GB SAS 15Krpm RAID10 stripe 16k (ext4 bs 4096, no barriers) sdb -> /vol01 Raid controller H800 1GB cache nv - MD1200 12HD 300GB SAS 15Krpm RAID10 stripe 256k (For DB Postgres 8.3.18) (ext4 bs 4096, stride 64, stripe-width 384, no barriers) sdc -> /vol02 I'm benchmarking IO speed with dd, and view thah if in RAID10 12 disk exec: dd if=/dev/zero of=DD bs=8M count=10000 oflag=direct 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 83886080000 bytes (84 GB) copied, 126,03 s, 666 MB/s but if I remove "oflag=direct" option obtain about 80 MB/s. In read benchmark, results are similar: dd of=/dev/null if=DD bs=8M count=10000 iflag=direct 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 83886080000 bytes (84 GB) copied, 79,5918 s, 1,1 GB/s If remove iflag=direct obtain 150MB/s... I don't understand this huge differences, on other machines y don't have this behavior. Can I have some kernel parameter misconfigured? Thanks!

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• Running multiple sites on a LAMP with secure isolation

  - by David C.

  Hi everybody, I have been administering a few LAMP servers with 2-5 sites on each of them. These are basically owned by the same user/client so there are no security issues except from attacks through vulnerable deamons or scripts. I am builing my own server and would like to start hosting multiple sites. My first concern is... ISOLATION. How can I avoid that a c99 script could deface all the virtual hosts? Also, should I prevent that c99 to be able to write/read the other sites' directories? (It is easy to "cat" a config.php from another site and then get into the mysql database) My server is a VPS with 512M burstable to 1G. Among the free hosting managers, is there any small one which works for my VPS? (which maybe is compatible with the security approach I would like to have) Currently I am not planning to host over 10 sites but I would not accept that a client/hacker could navigate into unwanted directories or, worse, run malicious scripts. FTP management would be fine. I don't want to complicate things with SSH isolation. What is the best practice in this case? Basically, what do hosting companies do to sleep well? :) Thanks very much! David

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• Concerns about Apache per-Vhost logging setup

  - by etienne

  I'm both senior developer and sysadmin in my company, so i'm trying to deal with the needs of both activities. I've set up our apache box, wich deals with 30-50 domains atm (and hopefully will grow larger) and hosts both production and development sites, with this directory structure: domains/ domains/domain.ext/ #FTPS chroot for user domain.ext domains/domain.ext/public #the DocumentRoot of http://domain.ext domains/domain.ext/logs domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext/public #DocumentRoot of http://sub.domain.ext Each domain.ext Vhost runs with his dedicated user and group via mpm-itk, umask being 027, and the logs are stored via a piped sudo command, like this: ErrorLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_error.log" CustomLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_access.log" combined Now, i've read a lot about not letting the logs out of a very restricted directory, but the developers often need to give a quick look to a particular subdomain error log, and i don't really want to give them admin rights to look into /var/logs. Having them available into the ftp account is REALLY handy during development stages. Do you think this setup is viable and safe enough? To me it is apparently looking good, but i'm concerned about 3 security issues: -is the sudo pipe enough to deal with symlink exploits? Any catches i'm missing? -log dos: logs are in the same partition of all domains. got hundreds of gigs, but still, if one get disk-space dos'd, everything will break. Any workaround? Will a short timed logrotate suffice? -file descriptors limits: AFAIK the default limit for Apache on Ubuntu Server is currently 8192, which should be plenty enough to handle 2 log files per subdomain. Is it? Am i missing something? I hope to read some thoughts on the matter!

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• Exclamation 403 forbidden for cgi-bin/ and cannot protect site with password

  - by gasgdasdgasdg

  First problem i have is i am getting 403 forbidden error for cgi-bin/ I have created a new /var/www2/ i can access it fine. php runs fine. Second problem is I cannot password protect it. i first tried doing htpasswd, it asks for login but everytime i login it keeps asking for new one. its getting frustrating, i have tried all tricks. and doesn't seem to work. this is a virtual host config inside sites-available. httpd.conf is empty but i have apache2.conf Code: NameVirtualHost 12.12.12.12. <VirtualHost 12.12.12.12> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www2/ <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www2/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www2/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/var/www2/cgi-bin/"> AllowOverride Options Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined ServerSignature On Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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• Are there cloud network drives that let users lock files or mark them as "in use"?

  - by Brandon Craig Rhodes

  Having spent several hours reading about the features and limitations of services like DropBox and Jungle Disk and the hundreds of competitors they seem to have (as though everyone with an AWS account these days goes ahead and writes a file sharing application just for fun), I have yet to find one that would let a team of people at a small business collaborate without stepping all over each other's toes. At a small business there are often many small documents per project — estimates, contracts, project plans, budgets — and team members frequently have to open and edit them, with all sorts of problems happening if two people edit a file at once. Even if a sharing service is smart enough to keep both versions of the file created, most small-business software (like word processors, spreadsheets, estimating software, or billing systems) has no way to compare — much less to merge! — the changes in two rival versions of a file that two people edited at the same time without each other's knowledge. So, my question: are their cloud-based file sharing solutions that not only provide a virtual network drive that people can access, but that also let users lock files — even if it's not a real lock but just a flag or indicator — that could possibly prevent remote workers from both editing the same file at once? Having one person wait for another person to finish editing is a very, very small inconvenience compared to the hour or more than it can take to compare two estimates by hand until you find and resolve the rival changes. Given this fact, I am surprised that almost none of the popular file sharing solutions seem to recognize this problem and provide some solution! Does anyone know of a service that does?

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• How to uninstall files and software from a Solid State Drive (SSD)

  - by jasondavis

  I am using a SSD drive just as a main Operation system and software drive. I have a regular spinning disk for data files. I have read that files are not REALLY deleted from a SSD drive when you "delete" them. So here is my situation and hopefully I can get some good advice. Let's say I have Windows 7 Pro x64bit installed on my 80gb Intel SSD. I then have Adobe Photoshop CS4 installed along with 50 other programs installed onto this SSD. I then decide I am done with Adobe Phjotoshop CS4 and want to remove it. I then decide I want to install another version of Adobe Photoshop and a few other software titles. Would I just do the usual, add/remove software from the windows control panel. Or if the software being removed has an "Uninstall" program to run, then run it and uninstall the software? I realize that all this WILL remove the software from Windows 7 but I am wanting to know if there is additional steps that should be taken since it is a solid state drive (SSD)?

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• postfix (for sending mail only) multiple domain setup

  - by seanl

  I have the following problem, I have a Centos 5.4 VPS hosting a few nginx sites (some static, some cakephp), I would like to be able to send email from each sites contact page through postfix to my google apps hosted email (different accounts for each site) so that apps can then send out an auto email to the person filling in the contact form etc I have a bare-bones postfix installation with the following added into the main.cf config file. from using this guide virtual_alias_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_domains virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps (both of these files have been converted into db files using postmap) I have configured DNS correctly for each site and setup SPF records. (I'm aware R-DNS will still reference my actual hostname not the domain name and cause a possible spam issue but one thing at a time) I can telnet localhost and the helo localhost so that I can send a command line email from an address in the virtual_alias_domains to an email in the virtual_alias_maps file which seems sends without giving an error but it is sending to my local linux account not the email address specified. my question is am i approching this the wrong way in terms of the virtual alias mapping or is this even possible to do in the manner im trying. Any help is greatly appreciated thanks. my postconf -n outlook looks like this alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = localhost mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost myhostname = myactual hostname mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_domains virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps

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• Win2k8R2 / IIS 7.5 - users getting 503 response, no 503 error reported in logs

  - by merk

  I've got 2 web servers with mirrored content. There's a load balancer sitting in front of them. Starting yesterday we've been getting people complaining about 503 errors. i can't find any 503 errors in the IIS log file. However the server host is saying these errors are due to .Net errors in our website which are causing the app pool to recycle. They pointed out several errors in the windows application event log which look like this: Log Name: Application Source: ASP.NET 4.0.30319.0 Date: 3/31/2012 8:35:37 PM Event ID: 1309 Task Category: Web Event Level: Warning Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: 6251.local Description: Event code: 3005 Event message: An unhandled exception has occurred. Event time: 3/31/2012 8:35:37 PM Event time (UTC): 4/1/2012 1:35:37 AM Event ID: e7a580c7b38545cca3416a8595408f24 Event sequence: 97 Event occurrence: 1 Event detail code: 0 Application information: Application domain: /LM/W3SVC/2/ROOT-1-129777167518960645 Trust level: Full Application Virtual Path: / Application Path: C:\inetpub\wwwroot\mywebsite\ Machine name: 6252 Process information: Process ID: 20000 Process name: w3wp.exe Account name: IIS APPPOOL\MyAppPool In particular they are saying that the account name under Process Information indicates that the app pool is recycling. They said if the app pool were not recycle, the accountname would instead be the folder where the website files are located. I checked the app pool settings - it's set to recycle every 29 hours. And the rapid fail protection is set to the default of 5 failures in 5 minutes. But i have not seen 5 failures in the event log in that short of a time span. Can anyone help me confirm if the 503 responses are indeed being generated by the app pools recycling? Or are these errors coming from somewhere else? My guess at the time was their load balancer was the one actually returning the 503 error. But that was just a guess.

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• Mac Grey/White Screen of Death

  - by cust0s

  The other night I updated my iTunes to the latest version (through Software Update) when I came to turn on my computer I was greeted with the dreaded white screen of death. I use an early 2008 iMac 24". I've tried the basic things, unplugging/turning off accessories, trying to boot from the install disk, reseting pram, etc, etc. Still no luck and no change what-so-ever. All I've been able to ascertain that my keyboard still works (by ejecting). I should point out that I did recently replace my Hard drive with a Western Digital Black 500GB (though the computer is well out of warrenty) and I'm a little concerned that the problem could be the screen. Update (18/05/10): I've been told that I could be getting the White/Grey screen of death because the optical flex cable is damaged (aparently this is common). Apparently the Optical Drive is part of the POST sequence, and an inability to read the drive can result in failure for the system to move on to other bootable volumes. More info here. I will disable the optical drive and see if that works.

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• OS X Keeps prompting me for SSH private key passphrase (OS X 10.6.8)

  - by Danny Englander

  I have a private key to ssh into my server and the connection works. In my hosts file I have: Host myhost HostName xxx.xxx.xxx.xx GlobalKnownHostsFile ~/.ssh/known_hosts port 22 User myuser IdentityFile ~/.ssh/mykey_dsa IdentitiesOnly yes .. and then I type ssh myhost Every time I connect, I get the Mac OS X keychain prompt and I tell OS X to remember the passphrase but then when I disconnect from ssh and re-connect, I am prompted to add the passphrase to the keychain again. This is only a recent problem so I suspect and issue with Keychain? To be clear, I can 're-add' to keychain every time and connect but this defats the purpose. The permissions on my dsa key are set at 600 or -rw-------@ I tried repairing disk permissions but that did no good. My Google-foo is also failing me, nothing of use came up. So I am not sure if this an OS X / keychain issue or an SSH issue. update: When I try ssh -vvv myhost, I think it reveals the issue: debug1: Trying private key: /Users/danny/.ssh/mykey_dsa debug1: PEM_read_PrivateKey failed debug1: read PEM private key done: type <unknown> debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /Users/danny/.ssh/mykey_dsa. debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA Identity added: /Users/danny/.ssh/mykey_dsa (/Users/danny/.ssh/mykey_dsa) debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). ... and after that I get connected. I think this crux of the matter is: PEM_read_PrivateKey failed

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• gpg symmetric encryption using pipes

  - by Thomas

  I'm trying to generate keys to lock my drive (using DM-Crypt with LUKS) by pulling data from /dev/random and then encrypting that using GPG. In the guide I'm using, it suggests using the following command: dd if=/dev/random count=1 | gpg --symmetric -a >./[drive]_key.gpg If you do it without a pipe, and feed it a file, it will pop up an (n?)curses prompt for you to type in a password. However when I pipe in the data, it repeats the following message four times and sits there frozen: pinentry-curses: no LC_CTYPE known assuming UTF-8 It also says can't connect to '/root/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent': File or directory doesn't exist, however I am assuming that this doesn't have anything to do with it, since it shows up even when the input is from a file. So I guess my question boils down to this: is there a way to force gpg to accept the passphrase from the command line, or in some other way get this to work, or will I have to write the data from /dev/random to a temporary file, and then encrypt that file? (Which as far as I know should be alright due to the fact that I'm doing this on the LiveCD and haven't yet created the swap, so there should be no way for it to be written to disk.)

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• What is stopping postfix from delivering mail to the local transport agent?

  - by Dark Star1

  I have the following settings ( as grabbed from my postconf -n output) alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 inet_interfaces = all mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost myhostname = //redacted mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_recipient_limit = 10 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_domainaliases_maps.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:8 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_domainaliases_maps.cf virtual_transport = virtual virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_overquota_bounce=yes postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_mailbox_limit_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_maildir_limit_message=Sorry, the your maildir has overdrawn your diskspace quota, please free up some of spaces of your mailbox try again. postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_create_maildirsize=yes postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_mailbox_extended=yes postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_mailbox_limit_override=yes postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: smtpd_relay_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023, permit I am nwe to mail server configurations but as I understand it from this message: status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) It means it can't deliver to the LDA. I am using postifx 2.9.6 on ubuntu 12.04 with dovecot 2.0.19

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• Where to get grub files without using grub-install

  - by Jacky

  I am in a particular situation. I have a MacBook Pro with no internal CD drive and both MacOS X (minimal setup) and Linux (my main system) is installed. During a cross-upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04 I messed up grub, so that my /boot/grub directory is basically empty. This means I can't boot Linux on the laptop anymore but only get into grub rescue. Normally this is no issue as you'd just boot from a rescue CD or USB stick, but unfortunately with a MacBook Pro this is not possible (I have reFIT installed and it attempts to boot, but it fails and the manual says that Apple's EFI firmware is not able to handle this situation). From MacOS X, however, I still have write access to the Linux partition. I've now been trying to figure out how to populate the /boot/grub folder with the necessary files, to no avail so far. The ISO image of Ubuntu 12.04 contains an EFI folder which is not what I am looking for, instead I need the normal.mod files for the grub version of Ubuntu 12.04. I do not have any other machine to set up a virtual machine of Ubuntu 12.04 to extract this from after a grub-install, so I am asking for ideas here how to solve this mess. P.S.: I installed the Linux previously when I still had a working internal CD drive. This is gone now.

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• Cisco Catalyst 4500 Policy Based Routing

  - by Logan

  In order to test a new firewall I just set up I'm trying to implement policy based routing on our core switch. I want traffic from certain vlans to be routed to the new firewall while everything else continues being routed through the old firewall. I was trying to use this guide. Everything from that guide works fine except trying to run the "ip policy route-map" command in the interface configuration mode. IOS is telling me that such a command doesn't exist. A "show ip interface vlan" command says that policy routing is disabled. Any ideas? Output of "show ver": Cisco IOS Software, Catalyst 4500 L3 Switch Software (cat4500-IPBASEK9-M), Version 12.2(53)SG, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc3) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright (c) 1986-2009 by Cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Thu 16-Jul-09 19:49 by prod_rel_team Image text-base: 0x10000000, data-base: 0x11D1E3CC ROM: 12.2(31r)SG2 Dagobah Revision 226, Swamp Revision 34 RTTMCB2223-1 uptime is 3 years, 22 weeks, 2 days, 19 hours, 28 minutes Uptime for this control processor is 51 weeks, 2 days, 18 hours, 2 minutes System returned to ROM by power-on System restarted at 19:22:02 UTC Tue Jul 12 2011 System image file is "bootflash:cat4500-ipbasek9-mz.122-53.sg.bin" ... cisco WS-C4510R (MPC8245) processor (revision 4) with 524288K bytes of memory. Processor board ID FOX103703W3 MPC8245 CPU at 400Mhz, Supervisor V Last reset from PowerUp 42 Virtual Ethernet interfaces 244 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 511K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. Configuration register is 0x2

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• Volume licenced copy of MS Office 2007 shows "Non Commercial Use" in title bar

  - by Linker3000

  I have just removed the demo copy of Office 2007 preinstalled on a new laptop and replaced it with an install of the full professional edition downloaded from the MS Volume Licensing site and installed one of our volume licence keys, yet the apps (Word etc.) show "Non Commercial Use" in the title bar, which is what usually happens in the Home and Student edition. I have tried: Deleting the Office registration keys in the registry and using one of our other Office 2007 volume licence keys (we have 7) when prompted to re-register Uninstalling Office completely and reinstalling it from a newly-downloaded ISO burned to CD and also from a compressed file that installs from hard disk/USB stick (both from Microsoft - no dodgy stuff) Yet the non-commercial message persists. Although it's a cosmetic issue, the laptop is going to be used for customer presentations and so the sales person is rightly concerned about the image this portrays. I presume there may be something floating around the registry or in a file somewhere but I can't find it. Articles I have found elsewhere just refer to the message being related to the use of a Home and Student licence key, which is 100% not the case. Any thoughts? Thanks.

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• Windows errors, how do I find root cause and fix it? Getting several errors

  - by Eric Martin

  My server is having issues and not responding to customer's https requests. I checked the event viewer and found several errors. These two are listed a couple of times: WINS encountered a database error. This may or may not be a serious error. WINS will try to recover from it. You can check the database error events under 'Application Log' category of the Event Viewer for the Exchange Component, ESENT, source to find out more details about database errors. If you continue to see a large number of these errors consistently over time (a span of few hours), you may want to restore the WINS database from a backup. The error number is in the second DWORD of the data section. And this one: An error occured while using SSL configuration for socket address 0.0.0.0:444. The error status code is contained within the returned data. SQL Server is not ready to accept new client connections. Wait a few minutes before trying again. If you have access to the error log, look for the informational message that indicates that SQL Server is ready before trying to connect again. [CLIENT: xxx.xxx.xxxx.xxx] I also found this in the event viewer but the computer has been restarted since this message and I have not seen it again. Configuring the Page file for crash dump failed. Make sure there is a page file on the boot partition and that is large enough to contain all physical memory. This is my virtual memory settings: I'm not familiar with WINS so I wasn't sure if that is where I start or how to resolve it. Is the WINS error causing the other problems or should I be looking somewhere else?

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• Extend RAID 1 (HP SmartArray P410i) running Linux

  - by Oliver

  I took over a fairly simple server setup with the following RAID 1 config running Ubuntu 11.10 (Kernel 3.0.0-12-server x86_64): => ctrl all show config Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) (sn: removed) array A (SAS, Unused Space: 1335535 MB) logicaldrive 1 (279.4 GB, RAID 1, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SAS, 1 TB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SAS, 1 TB, OK) Initially there were two 300GB disks that got replaced by 1TB disks and I now have to extend the logical volume to use that extra space. However, when trying to do so I get the following warning: => ctrl slot=0 ld 1 modify size=max Warning: Extension may not be supported on certain operating systems. Performing extension on these operating systems can cause data to become inaccessible. See ACU documentation for details. Continue? (y/n) Is it safe to say yes or am I at risk of corrupting the file system / loosing data? Rearranging and extending the file system afterwards shouldn't be an issue as I can take the server offline and boot from a gparted live disk. Here's the config of the RAID controller in use: => ctrl all show detail Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) Bus Interface: PCI Slot: 0 Serial Number: removed RAID 6 (ADG) Status: Disabled Controller Status: OK Hardware Revision: Rev C Firmware Version: 5.12 Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Surface Scan Delay: 15 secs Surface Scan Mode: Idle Wait for Cache Room: Disabled Surface Analysis Inconsistency Notification: Disabled Post Prompt Timeout: 0 secs Cache Board Present: False Drive Write Cache: Disabled SATA NCQ Supported: True And the partition table: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 274GB 274GB primary ext4 boot 2 274GB 300GB 25.8GB extended 5 274GB 300GB 25.8GB logical linux-swap(v1)

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• Need to boot into chkdsk from USB on Windows netbook

  - by Gaz Davidson

  While attempting to install Ubuntu on a 32-bit Windows XP netbook, the partition resize operation failed due to inconsistencies in the NTFS filesystem (lesson learned: run chkdsk /f in Windows before trying to resize a partition in Linux). Now the installer only gives the option to replace Windows with Ubuntu, the partition can't be resized in gparted, which displays a red exclamation mark and an error log when you click it. To make matters worse, we're also unable to reboot into Windows to get at chkdsk. We get a BSoD when choosing any of the options (including the DOS recovery console thing). The netbook has no CD-ROM drive, contains no recovery image and our only connection to the Internet is via the hotspot on my mobile device. We don't have Windows recovery CDs, but we do have a USB flash drive. We have a 64-bit laptop running Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 (both 64-bit). So, on to the question: Is anyone aware of a way to get into a DOS recovery console and run chkdsk from a USB disk drive, without having to pirate Windows XP or download hundreds and hundreds of megabytes of crap? If it was my device I'd just flatten it, but it isn't. Please help!

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• Map FTP folder to folder on different FTP server

  - by jolt

  In my team we work a lot with FTP. We upload and download files from several different servers daily. Currently every member of the team manages access credentials to each FTP server locally on their own machine. I am looking for a way to set up a central FTP server that we can connect to, and from there, navigate to folders that each represent one of the other FTP servers that we connect to daily. Something like this: In-house central FTP server: |- FolderA --> server A root folder |- FolderB --> server B root folder |- FolderC --> server C root folder A setup like this, would mean that we can manage access credentials on the central FTP server, and team members would only need to have the access credentials to the central FTP server, and from there they could navigate to the other servers through these "virtual" folders. We could potentially develop our own custom FTP server that just forward requests to the remote FTP servers, but i feel like something like this (or something similar) would already have been done. So I'm looking for pointers that could help us find software for Windows that could help us to simplify our current setup. Thank you! Similar (unanswered) question here: FTP management server

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• /etc/security/limits.conf for setting program limits in Linux

  - by Flavius Akerele

  I have the following inside /etc/security/limits.conf (I have specified root separately because * will not include it.) user2 - core unlimited * - core 0 root - core 0 * - rss 512000 root - rss 512000 * - nproc 100 root - nproc 100 * - maxlogins 1 root - maxlogins 1 I run a program as user2 (./programname) but /proc/3498/limits says cores are disabled: Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us Both ulimit -Sa and ulimit -Ha output that cores are disabled: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14001 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) 512000 open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 100 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited Why are cores disabled ?

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