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• soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 11s! error with Xen virtual machines

  - by Arun

  Getting a kernel panic with this error on my XEN VPS's. (all on 8.04 LTS) The kernel version on my Dom-0 is 2.6.24-25-xen and the kernel version on the Xen VPS is also 2.6.24-25-xen. I read something about disabling APIC from here http://muffinresearch.co.uk/archives/2008/08/20/ubuntu-bug-soft-lockup-cpu0-stuck-for-11s/ but that doesn't seem to help as well. Anyone experienced this and are there any workarounds? Thanks in advance!

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• ipv6 with KVM on debian

  - by Eliasdx

  I have trouble setting up IPV6 on my Proxmox (KVM) server: My ISP sent me this information(xxx=placeholder): IPs: 2a01:XXX:XXX:301:: /64 Gateway: 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 /59 This is the interface setup on the host server: auto vmbr1 iface vmbr1 inet static address 178.XX.XX.4 broadcast 178.XX.XX.63 netmask 255.255.255.192 pointopoint 178.XX.XX.1 gateway 178.XX.XX.1 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 iface vmbr1 inet6 static address 2a01:XXX:XXX:301::2 netmask 64 up ip -6 route add 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 down ip -6 route del 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 up ip -6 route add default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 down ip -6 route del default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 On the guest: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 178.xx.xx.47 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 178.xx.xx.63 gateway 178.xx.xx.1 pointopoint 178.xx.xx.1 iface eth0 inet6 static pre-up modprobe ipv6 address 2a01:XXX:XXX:301::2:2 netmask 64 up ip -6 route add 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev eth0 down ip -6 route del 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev eth0 up ip -6 route add default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev eth0 down ip -6 route del default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev eth0 Ipv4 works on both host and guest but Ipv6 only works "sometimes". It's up for minutes and then down again until I change something. However I can actually ping the host and the guest from both host and guest. host:~# ip -6 neigh 2a01:XXX:XXX:301::100:2 dev vmbr1 lladdr 00:50:56:00:00:e0 REACHABLE 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 lladdr 00:26:88:76:18:18 router STALE host:~# ip -6 route 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 metric 1024 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 2a01:XXX:XXX:301::/64 dev vmbr1 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev vmbr0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev vmbr1 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev tap101i1d0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 metric 1024 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 Does someone know why it isn't working? And is there a way to configure multiple v6 IPs from the same subnet so I can dedicate IPs to websites on a server with multiple virtualhosts?

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• ipv6 with KVM on debian

  - by Eliasdx

  I have trouble setting up IPV6 on my Proxmox (KVM) server: My ISP sent me this information(xxx=placeholder): IPs: 2a01:XXX:XXX:301:: /64 Gateway: 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 /59 This is the interface setup on the host server: auto vmbr1 iface vmbr1 inet static address 178.XX.XX.4 broadcast 178.XX.XX.63 netmask 255.255.255.192 pointopoint 178.XX.XX.1 gateway 178.XX.XX.1 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 iface vmbr1 inet6 static address 2a01:XXX:XXX:301::2 netmask 64 up ip -6 route add 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 down ip -6 route del 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 up ip -6 route add default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 down ip -6 route del default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 On the guest: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 178.xx.xx.47 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 178.xx.xx.63 gateway 178.xx.xx.1 pointopoint 178.xx.xx.1 iface eth0 inet6 static pre-up modprobe ipv6 address 2a01:XXX:XXX:301::2:2 netmask 64 up ip -6 route add 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev eth0 down ip -6 route del 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev eth0 up ip -6 route add default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev eth0 down ip -6 route del default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev eth0 Ipv4 works on both host and guest but Ipv6 only works "sometimes". It's up for minutes and then down again until I change something. However I can actually ping the host and the guest from both host and guest. host:~# ip -6 neigh 2a01:XXX:XXX:301::100:2 dev vmbr1 lladdr 00:50:56:00:00:e0 REACHABLE 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 lladdr 00:26:88:76:18:18 router STALE host:~# ip -6 route 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 metric 1024 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 2a01:XXX:XXX:301::/64 dev vmbr1 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev vmbr0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev vmbr1 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev tap101i1d0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 default via 2a01:XXX:XXX:300::1 dev vmbr1 metric 1024 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 Does someone know why it isn't working? And is there a way to configure multiple v6 IPs from the same subnet so I can dedicate IPs to websites on a server with multiple virtualhosts?

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• How do I stop linux from trying to mount android phone as usb storage?

  - by user1160711

  When I plug in my Motorola Triumph to my fedora 17 linux box USB port, I get an endless series of errors on the linux box as it desperately attempts to mount the phone as a USB drive. Stuff like this: Jun 23 10:26:00 zooty kernel: [528926.714884] end_request: critical target error, dev sdg, sector 4 Jun 23 10:26:00 zooty kernel: [528926.715865] sd 16:0:0:1: [sdg] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jun 23 10:26:00 zooty kernel: [528926.715869] sd 16:0:0:1: [sdg] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jun 23 10:26:00 zooty kernel: [528926.715872] sd 16:0:0:1: [sdg] Add. Sense: Invalid field in cdb Jun 23 10:26:00 zooty kernel: [528926.715876] sd 16:0:0:1: [sdg] CDB: Read(10): 28 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 If I go ahead and tell the phone to allow linux to mount the USB storage, the messages stop, and I get a mounted drive, but if all I want to do is use the debug bridge, my log on linux will continue to fill with this junk. Is there some udev magic I can do to make the system ignore this particular device as far as usb storage goes? I just noticed that if I tell the phone to enable USB storage, let linux recognize the new disk, then tell the phone to disable USB storage again, I get one additional log message about capacity changing to zero, but the endless spew of messages stops, so I guess one work around is to enable and disable USB right away.

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• Custom grub config hangs at the prompt

  - by drecute

  Please I need help with this custom grub: default=0 timeout=20 fallback=1 title Remote Install root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz_remote lang=en_US keymap=us ks=nfs:192.168.128.42:/tftpboot/Kickstart/ks.cfg ksdevice=00:1A:64:22:32:4B headless xfs panic=60 initrd /initrd_remote.img I have 3 grub configs and I've been able to make the "Remote install" grub config to be the default run. At the moment it boots up but hangs at the prompt. Grub version: 0.98 The other 2 grubs that comes that exists after successful installation and update of the kernel are: splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_serverprisa-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_serverprisa/lv_swap rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=vg_serverprisa/lv_root SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS (2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_serverprisa-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_serverprisa/lv_swap rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=vg_serverprisa/lv_root SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64.img

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• How broken is routing strategy that causes a martian packet (so far only) during tracepath?

  - by lkraav

  I believe I've achieved a table that routes packets from and to eth1/192.168.3.x through 192.168.3.1, and packets from and to eth0/192.168.1.x through 192.168.1.1 (helpful source). Question: when doing tracepath from 192.168.3.20 (from within vserver), I'm getting kernel: [318535.927489] martian source 192.168.3.20 from 212.47.223.33, on dev eth0 at or near the target IP, while intermediary hops go without (log below). I don't understand why this packet is arriving on eth0, instead of eth1, even after reading this: Note that you may see packets from non-routable IP addresses when running the traceroute or tracepath commands. While packets cannot be routed to these routers, packets sent between 2 routers only need to know the address of the next hop within the local networks, which could be a non-routable address. Can someone explain that paragraph in human language? Based on short initial trials so far, everything else seems to work without causing martians. Is this contained to the nature of tracepath operation or do I have some other bigger routing problem that will cause work traffic breakage? Side note: is it possible to inspect martian packet with tcpdump or wireshark or anything of the sort? I'm have not been able to get it to show up on my own. vserver-20 / # tracepath -n 212.47.223.33 1: 192.168.3.2 0.064ms pmtu 1500 1: 192.168.3.1 1.076ms 1: 192.168.3.1 1.259ms 2: 90.191.8.2 1.908ms 3: 90.190.134.194 2.595ms 4: 194.126.123.94 2.136ms asymm 5 5: 195.250.170.22 2.266ms asymm 6 6: 212.47.201.86 2.390ms asymm 7 7: no reply 8: no reply 9: no reply ^C Host routing: $ sudo ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 2: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0 3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:24:1d:de:b3:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.2/24 scope global eth0 4: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:46:46:a3:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.2/27 scope global eth1 inet 192.168.3.20/27 brd 192.168.3.31 scope global secondary eth1 # linux-vserver instance $ sudo ip route default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 metric 3 unreachable 127.0.0.0/8 scope host 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.2 192.168.3.0/27 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.3.2 $ sudo ip rule 0: from all lookup local 32764: from all to 192.168.3.0/27 lookup dmz 32765: from 192.168.3.0/27 lookup dmz 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default $ sudo ip route show table dmz default via 192.168.3.1 dev eth1 metric 4 192.168.3.0/27 dev eth1 scope link metric 4 Gateway routing # ip route 10.24.0.2 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.24.0.1 10.24.0.0/24 via 10.24.0.2 dev tun0 192.168.3.0/24 dev br-dmz proto kernel scope link src 192.168.3.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev br-lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 $ISP_NET/23 dev eth0.1 proto kernel scope link src $WAN_IP default via $ISP_GW dev eth0.1 Additional background Options for non-virtualized network interface isolation?

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• u32 filter udp lenght 0 to 29

  - by Mark Ocok

  Sep 30 18:20:02 30AA30 kernel: ** IN_UDP DROP ** IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=b8:ac:6f:99:8e:b2:a8:d0:e5:bf:71:81:08:00 SRC=66.225.232.169 DST=68.68.27.84 LEN=28 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=49 ID=21668 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=48153 DPT=16078 LEN=8 Sep 30 18:20:02 30AA30 kernel: ** IN_UDP DROP ** IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=b8:ac:6f:99:8e:b2:a8:d0:e5:bf:71:81:08:00 SRC=66.225.232.169 DST=68.68.27.84 LEN=28 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=49 ID=21669 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=48153 DPT=16078 LEN=8 Sep 30 18:20:02 30AA30 kernel: ** IN_UDP DROP ** IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=b8:ac:6f:99:8e:b2:a8:d0:e5:bf:71:81:08:00 SRC=66.225.232.169 DST=68.68.27.84 LEN=28 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=49 ID=21670 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=48153 DPT=16078 LEN=8 Sep 30 18:20:02 30AA30 kernel: ** IN_UDP DROP ** IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=b8:ac:6f:99:8e:b2:a8:d0:e5:bf:71:81:08:00 SRC=66.225.232.169 DST=68.68.27.84 LEN=28 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=49 ID=21671 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=48153 DPT=16078 LEN=8 It's Spoofing attack dos, how to block Spoofing UDP lenght 0 to 29 using u32 Flooder target udp length udp 0 to 29

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• soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 11s! error with Xen virtual machines

  - by Arun

  Getting a kernel panic with this error on my XEN VPS's. (all on 8.04 LTS) The kernel version on my Dom-0 is 2.6.24-25-xen and the kernel version on the Xen VPS is also 2.6.24-25-xen. I read something about disabling APIC from here http://muffinresearch.co.uk/archives/2008/08/20/ubuntu-bug-soft-lockup-cpu0-stuck-for-11s/ but that doesn't seem to help as well. Anyone experienced this and are there any workarounds? Thanks in advance!

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• Route outbound connections from local network through VPN

  - by Sharkos

  I have a server A running OpenVPN, an OpenVPN client B (a rooted Android phone as it happens) and a third party C (a laptop, tablet etc.) tethered to B. B can use the VPN to access the internet via A; C can use the tethered connection WITHOUT the VPN to access the internet via B. However, with the VPN on B active, I cannot load information from the internet on C. A appears to log similar traffic inbound and outbound when B or C attempt to load a webpage, say, but the VPN on device B reports no inbound traffic when the connection originated from C. Where should I look for packets being dropped, and what ip rules should I use to make sure they are passed back through the VPN and into the local network B <- C? (I'll obviously post whatever further information is needed.) Further info Without VPN: root@android:/ # ip route default via [B's External Gateway] dev rmnet0 [B's External Subnet] dev rmnet0 proto kernel scope link src [B's External IP] [B's External Gateway] dev rmnet0 scope link 192.168.43.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.43.1 With VPN: root@android:/ # ip route 0.0.0.0/1 dev tun0 scope link default via [B's External Gateway] dev rmnet0 [B's External Subnet] dev rmnet0 proto kernel scope link src [B's External IP] [B's External Gateway] dev rmnet0 scope link [External address of A] dev tun0 scope link 128.0.0.0/1 dev tun0 scope link 172.16.0.0/24 dev tun0 scope link 172.16.0.8/30 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.10 192.168.43.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.43.1 192.168.168.0/24 dev tun0 scope link

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• How does /burnmemory=XXX boot.ini switch work?

  - by user371602

  I know what the /burnmemory switch does on Windows, but I'd like to understand what Windows is doing under the hood to support it. It's described on msdn as the "amount of memory, in megabytes, that Windows cannot use". Does this mean simply that the kernel does not allow user virtual memory mapping into this area? How is this accomplished in the kernel, and are there other restrictions that the kernel will make when burnmemory is set?

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• Do control groups improve system performances?

  - by qdii

  According to this website, enabling cgroups in the kernel can boost performances by sharing resources in a better way. In particular, the conclusion states that:  Nevertheless, with a little trial and error, cgroups can help you improve the efficiency of your systems’ resource usage and avoid downtime due to overusage of a single service. Kernel seeds, however, recommend to deactivate them altogether. They say: Consider these [kernel] settings poison. They remain nothing but system slow-downs. They are all off by default [in the proposed kernel config file]. Who should I trust?

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• Debian Squeeze and available memory (1GB absent)

  - by user66279

  Hi, here I've a dedicated server with 12GB RAM and running Debian Lenny x64. dmesg | grep Memory [ 0.004000] Memory: 11917152k/12259740k available (2279k kernel code, 333820k reserved, 1022k data, 216k init) Since some days, I've another dedicated server (nearly same hardware), but with Debian Squeeze x64 (installed via debootstrap, Kernel 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64) dmesg | grep Memory [ 1.551510] Memory: 6864620k/8151916k available (3146k kernel code, 1057736k absent, 229560k reserved, 1901k data, 600k init) what does absent memory mean? And how can I get 1GB of RAM back?

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• Debian boot problems

  - by psp

  I've got Debian server with one disk. No dual boot or anything fancy. Just Debian 6.0 (Squeeze). I rebooted the server today and now it doesn't boot. I get the following (from GRUB): error: hd0,msdos out of disk I then get a grub prompt grub rescue> I've been googling for ages with no luck. /etc/fstab > #/etc/fstab: static file system information. > # > # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> > aufs / aufs rw 0 0 > tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0 I've run debian rescue mode and looked through the syslog. I see hundreds of entries like this: Jun 30 22:51:08 kernel: [ 615.217382] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled error code Jun 30 22:51:08 kernel: [ 615.217385] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK Jun 30 22:51:08 kernel: [ 615.217389] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 Jun 30 22:51:08 kernel: [ 615.217399] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, logical block 0 Jun 30 22:51:08 kernel: [ 615.217402] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0

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• Errors Code: /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic_3.8.0-19.30~precise1_amd64.deb

  - by user286682

  $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages will be upgraded: linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 6 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/47.8 MB of archives. After this operation, 142 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 164064 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic 3.8.0-19.29 (using .../linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic_3.8.0-19.30~precise1_amd64.deb) ... Done. Unpacking replacement linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic_3.8.0-19.30~precise1_amd64.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite '/lib/modules/3.8.0-19-generic/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko', which is also in package linux-image-extra-3.8.0-19-generic 3.8.0-19.29 dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.8.0-19-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.8.0-19-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic_3.8.0-19.30~precise1_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) How can I get this update to work?

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• How do I get KLIPS or NETKEY on 11.10 server?

  - by Incognito

  I'm attempting to run OpenSWAN on my Ubuntu11.10 server. All I've done so far is install openswan from the package manager and attempt to set up conf files. However, IPSec support seems to be broken, thus OpenSWAN can't do it's thing. Attempt to start IPSec $ sudo ipsec setup --start ipsec_setup: Starting Openswan IPsec 2.6.28... ipsec_setup: No KLIPS support found while requested, desperately falling back to netkey ipsec_setup: Even NETKEY support is not there, aborting Verify IPSec $ sudo ipsec verify Checking your system to see if IPsec got installed and started correctly: Version check and ipsec on-path [OK] Linux Openswan U2.6.28/K(no kernel code presently loaded) Checking for IPsec support in kernel [FAILED] Checking that pluto is running [FAILED] whack: Pluto is not running (no "/var/run/pluto/pluto.ctl") Checking for 'ip' command [OK] Checking for 'iptables' command [OK] Opportunistic Encryption Support [DISABLED] IPSec Version $ sudo ipsec version Linux Openswan U2.6.28/K(no kernel code presently loaded) See `ipsec --copyright' for copyright information. Linux build: $ uname -a Linux metabox 2.6.18-028stab092.1 #1 SMP Wed Jul 20 19:47:12 MSD 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux How can I go about correcting this problem with IPSec? This is a hosted VPS, and I'd like to avoid a kernel rebuild if I can find some other alternative.

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• Understanding Process Scheduling in Oracle Solaris

  - by rickramsey

  The process scheduler in the Oracle Solaris kernel allocates CPU resources to processes. By default, the scheduler tries to give every process relatively equal access to the available CPUs. However, you might want to specify that certain processes be given more resources than others. That's where classes come in. A process class defines a scheduling policy for a set of processes. These three resources will help you understand and manage it process classes: Blog: Overview of Process Scheduling Classes in the Oracle Solaris Kernel by Brian Bream Timesharing, interactive, fair-share scheduler, fixed priority, system, and real time. What are these? Scheduling classes in the Solaris kernel. Brian Bream describes them and how the kernel manages them through context switching. Blog: Process Scheduling at the Thread Level by Brian Bream The Fair Share Scheduler allows you to dispatch processes not just to a particular CPU, but to CPU threads. Brian Bream explains how to use and provides examples. Docs: Overview of the Fair Share Scheduler by Oracle Solaris Documentation Team This official Oracle Solaris documentation set provides the nitty-gritty details for setting up classes and managing your processes. Covers: Introduction to the Scheduler CPU Share Definition CPU Shares and Process State CPU Share Versus Utilization CPU Share Examples FSS Configuration FSS and Processor Sets Combining FSS With Other Scheduling Classes Setting the Scheduling Class for the System Scheduling Class on a System with Zones Installed Commands Used With FSS -Rick Follow me on: Blog | Facebook | Twitter | Personal Twitter | YouTube | The Great Peruvian Novel

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• How do I free up more space in /boot?

  - by user6722

  My /boot partition is nearly full and I get a warning every time I reboot my system. I already deleted old kernel packages (linux-headers...), actually I did that to install a newer kernel version that came with the automatic updates. After installing that new version, the partition is nearly full again. So what else can I delete? Are there some other files associated to the old kernel images? Here is a list of files that are on my /boot partition: :~$ ls /boot/ abi-2.6.31-21-generic lost+found abi-2.6.32-25-generic memtest86+.bin abi-2.6.38-10-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin abi-2.6.38-11-generic System.map-2.6.31-21-generic abi-2.6.38-12-generic System.map-2.6.32-25-generic abi-2.6.38-8-generic System.map-2.6.38-10-generic abi-3.0.0-12-generic System.map-2.6.38-11-generic abi-3.0.0-13-generic System.map-2.6.38-12-generic abi-3.0.0-14-generic System.map-2.6.38-8-generic boot System.map-3.0.0-12-generic config-2.6.31-21-generic System.map-3.0.0-13-generic config-2.6.32-25-generic System.map-3.0.0-14-generic config-2.6.38-10-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.31-21-generic config-2.6.38-11-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-25-generic config-2.6.38-12-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic config-2.6.38-8-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic config-3.0.0-12-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-12-generic config-3.0.0-13-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic config-3.0.0-14-generic vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-12-generic extlinux vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-13-generic grub vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-14-generic initrd.img-2.6.31-21-generic vmlinuz-2.6.31-21-generic initrd.img-2.6.32-25-generic vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-12-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-12-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-13-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-13-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-14-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-14-generic Currently, I'm using the 3.0.0-14-generic kernel.

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• How to install compat-drivers or compat-wireless

  - by Sasho

  Could someone please explain me in detail how to install some of this drivers. I am running Ubuntu 12.04.2 and have the infamous (as I see everywhere in the net) problem with Atheros AR9462 wifi card. I tried everything to fix it and compat drivers are the only solution that I haven't tried. I tried to install some random package from kernel.org site and it couldn't make the driver (it threw some error). Then I updated the kernel to 3.10-rc7 and downloaded the last release of compat drivers and again the same problem occured. I reinstalled Ubuntu 12.04.2 and now I am using the 3.5 kernel because I don't know if rc7 is stable version. So my question is which compat wireless or compat drivers to download for this kernel and what is the process of installing. I tried with some command from the repository and it returned that it's not found. PS I am new to Ubuntu and Linux in general so explaining at length the install process and which driver I should install would be appreciated.

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• Network really slow with TL-WN951N wireless card

  - by Sam

  I literally just installed ubuntu and it seems to be working great except the network is deadly slow. I'm running a TL-WN951N wireless card which can download at about 600-700 KB/s in windows but in Ubuntu the max speed it seems to get is around 5KB/s. I guess I should note that my WAP is only wireless-G but like I said, I can get much better speeds in Windows. I'm testing the speeds by downloading files from here: http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/test/ Anyone have any idea? I saw some people recommend downloading drivers and compiling them myself but I'm really really new to all of this so would appreciate someone babying me through it so I don't brick my computer! Here are the results of lspci -v: 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 02) Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology GA-EP45-DS5 Motherboard Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 44 I/O ports at c000 [size=256] Memory at e9110000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K] Memory at e9100000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64K] [virtual] Expansion ROM at e9120000 [disabled] [size=64K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: r8169 Kernel modules: r8169 05:02.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5008 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) Subsystem: Atheros Communications Inc. Device 3071 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 168, IRQ 18 Memory at e9200000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ath9k Kernel modules: ath9k

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• Frequent Disconnects with an Intel 3945ABG Wireless Card

  - by Alex Forsythe

  I'm brand new to Ubuntu, and I really love it so far, but one issue I have encountered is that my WLAN is disconnecting about every 5-10 minutes. Often times the connection is repaired automatically, but sometimes the network manager will repeatedly reject my encryption key (which of course is correct). Occasionally after a disconnect, the wireless network fails to show up at all. The only way I can solve this seems to be by completely restarting Ubuntu or connecting with a USB wireless adapter. I am using WPA/WPA2 encryption, which I've read can cause problems with network-manager, but I experience the exact same issues with WICD. I should probably note that I've not experienced any of these issues using Windows 7 on my other partition. I have a hunch that there may be a better driver out there for my card, but I have no idea how to go about searching for it or installing it. Any help would be really appreciated! lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 11.10 Release: 11.10 Codename: oneiric lspci -nnk 09:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5752 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express [14e4:1600] (rev 02) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0201] Kernel driver in use: tg3 Kernel modules: tg3 0c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 3945ABG [Golan] Network Connection [8086:4222] (rev 02) Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device [8086:1020] Kernel driver in use: iwl3945 Kernel modules: iwl3945 rfkill list 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 2: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 3: dell-bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no

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• can ping, but not SSH

  - by Matt

  So I have NetworkManager, connected to an AP on wlan1. I have wlan0 connected to a AdHoc network. I have Firestarter sharing my inet on the Adhoc. I have my ipod connected to wlan0, IP 10.42.43.101. wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ac:xx:12:81:7f:xx inet addr:10.42.43.1 Bcast:10.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0 wlan1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:xx:b3:98:f2:xx inet addr:10.0.1.61 Bcast:10.0.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Now, I can ping my Jailbroken, SSH-enabled and running ipod touch: matt: ~ $ ping 10.42.43.101 PING 10.42.43.101 (10.42.43.101) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.42.43.101: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=168 ms 64 bytes from 10.42.43.101: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=256 ms 64 bytes from 10.42.43.101: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=151 ms ^C --- 10.42.43.101 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 151.465/191.979/256.316/46.003 But I cannot SSH it: $ ssh [email protected] -vv OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-1ubuntu3, OpenSSL 0.9.8o 01 Jun 2010 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 10.42.43.101 [10.42.43.101] port 22. It just stays there till I ^C it.. Here's my routing: $ ip route show 10.0.1.0/24 dev wlan1 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.1.61 metric 2 10.0.1.0/24 dev wlan1 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.1.61 metric 319 169.254.0.0/16 dev vboxnet0 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.128.223 metric 204 10.0.0.0/8 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 10.42.43.1 default via 10.0.1.1 dev wlan1 proto static default via 10.0.1.1 dev wlan1 metric 319

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• Nvidia API mismatch

  - by Oli

  I had planned a day of relaxing with Portal 2 but on starting Steam (for the first time in a couple of weeks) I was greeted with the following message in the terminal: Error: API mismatch: the NVIDIA kernel module has version 270.41.19, but this NVIDIA driver component has version 270.41.06. Please make sure that the kernel module and all NVIDIA driver components have the same version. I'll confess I don't really know what it's talking about when it says driver. The verion of nvidia-current is 270.41.19. I thought that was the driver and module, all in one. I use the X-SWAT PPA and I have noted that the nvidia-settings package has boosted to 275.09.07. As this is just a settings application, I don't think this mismatch has anything to do with this. It's also not the same version as the problem being described. I'd rather not purge back to the standard Nvidia driver as it's less than stable on my GTX580. I would accept an answer that takes the manual setup and makes it recompile when the kernel recompiles (ie, some DKMS wizardry) but it has to work. I don't want to drop back to text-mode every time I restart after a kernel upgrade. Edit: Minecraft works without a single complaint about driver versions. Penumbra dies with roughly the same error when entering a game.

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• NVIDIA error "fallen off the bus"

  - by yurividal

  i have been having a Serious Issue with my LG notebook and its Nvidia Geforce 310M GPU. It usualy (99% of the time) happens when i leave the computer idle for a while, but it has also happened sometimes while i was using the PC. Suddenly, (usualy when computer is idle) the screen goes black, and the pc freezes completely on the black screen. (not even ping responses). The only sollution is to Hard Reset the machine. When analizing the syslog, i see the following error: Sep 18 20:58:08 yuri-notebook kernel: [ 1936.510073] NVRM: GPU at 0000:01:00.0 has fallen off the bus. Sep 18 20:58:08 yuri-notebook kernel: [ 1936.510087] NVRM: GPU at 0000:01:00.0 has fallen off the bus. Sep 18 20:58:08 yuri-notebook kernel: [ 1936.510157] delay: estimated 354, actual 1 Sep 18 20:58:08 yuri-notebook kernel: [ 1936.510173] delay: estimated 353, actual 0 I have already tryed different versions of the Nvidia Drivers, and also tryed removing each of my 2 DDR3 memories. The problem does not seem to be hardware, because when i boot into windows 7, it works normaly, for days. I am desperate with this problem, because it makes my Ubuntu practicaly unusable. Thanks in advance, Yuri

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• Microsoft IntelliMouse episodic pauses

  - by Rob Hills

  I have a Microsoft IntelliMouse connected via USB to a computer (directly, NOT via hub) currently running Ubuntu 11.10, but this problem also existed before we upgraded from 10.10. Every now and then (apparently randomly) the computer "pauses" for anything up to a few seconds. This usually occurs after a mouse movement and during the pause, the computer is completely unresponsive to mouse or keyboard. lsusb shows: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0409:0058 NEC Corp. HighSpeed Hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 05e3:0605 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB 2.0 Hub [ednet] Bus 003 Device 013: ID 045e:001e Microsoft Corp. IntelliMouse Explorer Bus 001 Device 005: ID 04a9:1097 Canon, Inc. PIXMA iP5000 Bus 001 Device 006: ID 0a5c:200a Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth dongle Bus 001 Device 007: ID 0911:1c57 Philips Speech Processing Bus 001 Device 008: ID 04a9:2219 Canon, Inc. CanoScan 9950F so the mouse appears to be correctly identified. Syslog episodically shows the following sequence: Jan 15 11:48:32 kayes-computer kernel: [10588.512036] usb 3-1: USB disconnect, device number 10 Jan 15 11:48:33 kayes-computer kernel: [10589.248026] usb 3-1: new low speed USB device number 11 using uhci_hcd Jan 15 11:48:33 kayes-computer mtp-probe: checking bus 3, device 11: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb3/3-1" Jan 15 11:48:33 kayes-computer kernel: [10589.448596] input: Microsoft Microsoft IntelliMouse® Explorer as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0/input/input11 Jan 15 11:48:33 kayes-computer kernel: [10589.448706] generic-usb 0003:045E:001E.000B: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.00 Mouse [Microsoft Microsoft IntelliMouse® Explorer] on usb-0000:00:1d.1-1/input0 Jan 15 11:48:33 kayes-computer mtp-probe: bus: 3, device: 11 was not an MTP device though I can't confirm if these are directly associated with the "pauses". Any thoughts on what might be causing this or what else I can do to diagnose the problem?

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• How do I ensure my Apple keyboard connects on boot?

  - by Stacey Richards

  I am using Ubuntu 10.04 on a laptop and have an Apple wireless keyboard which pairs fine. Every time I turn my computer off and back on again my keyboard stops working. I have to use the keyboard on my laptop to log in. Once I've logged in, in order to get the wireless keyboard to work, I need disconnect and reconnect it by: Clicking on the Bluetooth icon, select Apple Wireless Keyboard from the drop down menu, then click on Disconnect. Clicking on the Bluetooth icon, select Apple Wireless Keyboard from the drop down menu, then click on Connect. Looking through syslog, to see what's happening during boot, I find: Nov 25 10:29:21 sony kernel: [ 24.525372] apple 0005:05AC:0239.0002: parse failed Nov 25 10:29:21 sony kernel: [ 24.525379] apple: probe of 0005:05AC:0239.0002 failed with error -14 and then later in syslog, once I've disconnected then connected the keyboard, I find: Nov 25 10:30:14 sony bluetoothd[1247]: link_key_request (sba=00:21:4F:49:8A:DB, dba=E8:06:88:5A:E0:D4) Nov 25 10:30:14 sony kernel: [ 79.427277] input: Apple Wireless Keyboard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.2/usb8/8-1/8-1:1.0/bluetooth/hci0/hci0:12/input11 Nov 25 10:30:14 sony kernel: [ 79.427611] apple 0005:05AC:0239.0003: input,hidraw1: BLUETOOTH HID v0.50 Keyboard [Apple Wireless Keyboard] on 00:21:4F:49:8A:DB I can't find anything helpful when Googling "apple: probe of failed with error -14".

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