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• Windows 8.1 wants to format a USB stick with an unusual but valid GPT partitioning scheme, why?

  - by DonGar

  I have a USB stick formatted with GPT partitions. Some of the partitions are ext2, some are ext4, some are custom and funky. However, there is also a standard EFI partition, and a standard vfat partition. In Windows 7, both the EFI partition and the standard VFAT partition are visible and mount normally. But Windows 8.1 prompts to reformat the drive when it's inserted. I'm not surprised if Win 8 hides the EFI partition, but I didn't expect it to prompt for reformatting. I want to leave existing partitions alone, but have a VFAT partition that Windows 7, 8, and 8.1 will mount and display normally. Exactly how does Win 8 decide if a device needs to be formatted?

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• Trying to format drive fails

  - by david

  since I will be doing an internship for which i need to use Windows software, I have decided to ruin my day trying to remove my Ubuntu 12.04, install Win XP SP3 (since the DualBoot theme from ubuntu suggests to first install Windows and then Ubuntu, for problems with the bootloader if you do it the other way around) and then reinstall Ubuntu 12.04 since I would like to keep using it as my primary operating system, using WinXP exclusively for the internship. Other than that, I would like to have a partition for the data, which can be used by both Ubuntu and Windows. So now, I have used the disk utility run from an ubuntu-live cd to format my drive with Master Boot Record (being conscious of the fact that this way I will lose all my data, which I have saved on an external drive before, and that my Ubuntu won't work anymore afterwards), creating partitions for Windows (NTFS), personal data (FAT, since as far as I know both Ubuntu and Windows can deal with this), a Swap partition for Linux, and one partition for Ubuntu (ext4); trying to install Win XP from cd gives me a blue screen, which stops the setup and telling me to remove all recently installed drives and to run CHKDSK. So I thought, that maybe Windows doesn't like pre-partitioned drives for its installation and thus I need to re-format my hard drive in order to have a completely "new" drive, which I can then, during the Windows-installation, partition in order to create the partitions I need. Trying to do this, though, the disk-utility run from the live-CD gives me this warning: Error creating partition table: helper exited with exit code 1: In part_create_partition_table: device_file=/dev/sda, scheme=0 got it got disk committed to disk BLKRRPART ioctl failed for /dev/sda: Device or resource busy I do not understand why it tells me that the hard-drive is busy, because, as stated above, I am doing all this from a live-CD. Thus, my questions are: How can I resolve the error given by the disk utility? Does it make sense to use four partitions in the way mentioned above? And if not so, which partitions should I create? Can I, theoretically, partition my drive from an Ubuntu live-cd in order to create the partitions I want and to install first Windows and then Ubuntu? Thanks for any help, David

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• Won't boot after installing Ubuntu 12.04 sucessfully

  - by Matt

  I installed 12.04 successfully and rebooted (I took out my installation CD), and selected the newly installed Linux partition to boot from rEFIt. Then it just comes up with this error message: Error loading operating system which could not be more vague. Take that back. I guess it could say just "error." I don't even get to the boot prompt which limits what I can do. I cannot boot into rescue mode. I tried boot-repair, but it took more than 24 hours to check the system configuration, so I gave up on that. I'm running a Mac Mini with its main OS being Mac OS X 10.5.8. I have an alternate OS Windows XP installed, which was virtually destroyed by this Linux installation. I sacrificed my working, speedy Windows partition for something that won't even boot up. What was I thinking. My Mac partition is slow as crap. I've tried installing 12.04 many times with two different disks. The first time, I had one partition for Linux, then I had 2 (swap+main), then 3 (swap, main and BIOS), then 4 which is what I have now (swap, main, BIOS, and boot/grub). The only way I could get through the install without GRUB giving up was if I created a separate partition for it. Which was pointless, because it did install successfully, but it still doesn't boot up at all. Could rEFIt be booting off of the BIOS or one of the other partitions? Because if that's the case, there is no alternative, because Mac itself without rEFIt refuses to recognize a Linux ext4 (or 2 or 3) format partition. Apple always has to make everything so difficult. If I'm not mistaken, rEFIt is the only application of its kind for Mac. I can boot off of the CD back to the install/try screen. This is extremely upsetting, can you guys help? Please?

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• How can I make an unmounted / unmountable NTFS disk not show up in the nautilus devices area?

  - by Dennis

  I have an idea that my /etc/fstab is a real mish-mash and I don't remember how it got that way, first of all it looks like this UUID=9EB80807B807DD21 /media/Storage ntfs-3g users 0 0 UUID=a60397fd-964a-45b1-ad35-53c8a4bee010 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=1764825d-b8ba-4620-b3b0-e979b6f4f5c4 swap swap sw 0 0 UUID=255DA1E406E29DBC /media/sda2 ntfs-3g defaults 0 0 UUID=2CCCF161CCF1262C /mnt/sda1 ntfs-3g umask=000 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 vfat noauto 0 0 I started with an old XP install on disk /dev/sda that I don't use anymore but didn't want to delete, so I shrunk the XP partition, added a NTFS partition that would be common to both systems (Labeled it "Common" in XP), then installed Lucid on an extended ext4 partition. On this disk of course the ext4 system partition comes up as /, the go between partition auto-mounts on /media/sda1 but shows up in Nautilus as COMMOM, while the XP system disk does not show up in Nautilus, but I can get to it by navigating to /mnt/sda1. A second hard drive (/dev/sdb) that I stuck in was already formatted NTFS with a bunch of stuff and labeled "Storage". It auto-mounts to /media/Storage but another un-mounted disk also shows up in the Nautilus device area called Storage but it can't be mounted (Here and in the "Places" are the only times it appears) I would primarily like this non-existant (or already mounted depending on how you look at it) disk to not show up, but I wouldn't mind an explanation of why one labeled partition auto-mounts to a /media mount point but shows up by label, one does not show up as mounted at all but mounts to a /mnt mount point and is there for navigation, and one is mounted to a directory of the same name as the label. I would love to have some consistancy / direction on what is proper in this circumstance. No doubt I caused this with the fstab but I really don't remember what my rational was if I edited it manually

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• What Does Installing Ubuntu "Alongside" Windows Entail?

  - by Soft Skeleton

  I recently posted a question about an error I was receiving trying to access Ubuntu from the boot menu. I am using Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.x (I THINK because I haven't accessed it in over a year due to being unable to run an important program for one of my classes on Ubuntu). On another laptop, I partitioned the hard drive and installed Windows and Ubuntu on the partitions. On this laptop, I simply installed Ubuntu from Windows, picking the option "alongside Windows", and didn't partition my hard drive manually. I was under the impression "alongside" entailed that Ubuntu would partition my hard drive, and that if I were to return my Windows partition to factory settings it would not affect the Ubuntu partition. However, given my current problem, I am wondering if I was mistaken in this assumption? When installing Ubuntu from Windows, selecting "alongside" Windows as the option from the Ubuntu installer, does that simply install Ubuntu within the Windows partition and thus returning it to factory settings would wipe out anything I had on the Ubuntu OS as well? Ubuntu is still in the boot menu as an option, but when I try to access it it says the drive is "corrupt" and wubi is mentioned in the error. I additionally tried to download a program ran from Windows to investigate partitions and there were no sign of my Ubuntu partition viewable from Windows. Is it possible Windows just can't see it? Any insight, corrections or answers is appreciated.

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• Dual Boot menu with Ubuntu and Windows 8 not showing up

  - by user180630

  I know a lot of posts have been written, and I had read most of them when I encountered the problem. None of them solved the problem. I have successfully installed Ubuntu 12.04 on top of Windows 8. Now my PC simply boots into Windows 8. If I press 'Esc' at start of BIOS, and then F9,the GRUB shows up and Ubuntu is listed at the top of the several options to boot from. I did run Boot-Repair once I logged into Ubuntu explicitly from GRUB as mentioned above. I did all said by Stormvirux in this link but was still unsuccessful. The debug info is listed here. Something which confuses me is the message which Boot-Repair stated after it did its job. You can now reboot your computer. Please do not forget to make your BIOS boot on sda (8004MB) disk! The boot files of [The OS now in use - Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, 200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition) I don't know why it says it is far from the start of the disk as I see it first in the GRUB menu which comes up at startup. One more input, when I try to place the GRUB in sda, Boot-Repair does not progress giving me the following error: GPT detected. Please create a BIOS-Boot partition (>1MB, unformatted filesystem, bios_grub flag). This can be performed via tools such as Gparted. Then try again. Alternatively, you can retry after activating the [Separate /boot/efi partition:] option. I had to select Separate /boot/efi partition: sdb2

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• Help with dual booting Windows 8.1 Professional and Ubuntu 13.10

  - by user1292548

  I recently installed a clean version of Windows 8.1 Professional on my Lenovo Y500 (with Samsung 256GB 840 Pro SSD). I have Windows all set up and running normally. I am trying to dual boot Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 13.10, but the installation procedure don't allow me to either "Install alongside..." or shows my SSD partitions correctly when I chose the "Something Else" option. I have created a 25GB partition of free space in the Windows disk manager, but on the installation screen on Ubuntu, it shows the whole drive as a free space. I have tried installing with a burned .ISO disk and a bootable USB, the results are the same for both. Windows Disk Management screen: http://imageshack.us/a/img855/9504/59zu.jpg The Ubuntu installation screen: http://imageshack.us/a/img62/2712/9g6i.jpg I've ran into this problem before when trying to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows 7 Professional a month ago. But I gave up and never resolved the issue. --EDIT-- I tried what Eero Aaltonen suggested, and this is my result: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted /dev/sda print Warning: /dev/sda contains GPT signatures, indicating that it has a GPT table. However, it does not have a valid fake msdos partition table, as it should. Perhaps it was corrupted -- possibly by a program that doesn't understand GPT partition tables. Or perhaps you deleted the GPT table, and are now using an msdos partition table. Is this a GPT partition table? Yes/No? yes Model: ATA Samsung SSD 840 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 256GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

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• Ubuntu 12.04 - syslog showing "SGI XFS with ACLs, security attributes, realtime, large block/inode numbers, no debug enabled"

  - by Tom G

  I have been seeing these random logs in syslog on our production system. There is no XFS setup. Fstab only shows local partitions, only EXT3 . There is nothing in crontabs either. The only file system related package I have installed is 'nfs-kernel-server' Kernel version is 3.2.0-31-generic . kernel: [601730.795990] SGI XFS with ACLs, security attributes, realtime, large block/inode numbers, no debug enabled kernel: [601730.798710] SGI XFS Quota Management subsystem kernel: [601730.828493] JFS: nTxBlock = 8192, nTxLock = 65536 kernel: [601730.897024] NTFS driver 2.1.30 [Flags: R/O MODULE]. kernel: [601730.964412] QNX4 filesystem 0.2.3 registered. kernel: [601731.035679] Btrfs loaded os-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/10freedos on mounted /dev/vda1 10freedos: debug: /dev/vda1 is not a FAT partition: exiting os-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/10qnx on mounted /dev/vda1 10qnx: debug: /dev/vda1 is not a QNX4 partition: exiting os-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/20macosx on mounted /dev/vda1 macosx-prober: debug: /dev/vda1 is not an HFS+ partition: exiting os-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/20microsoft on mounted /dev/vda1 20microsoft: debug: /dev/vda1 is not a MS partition: exiting os-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/30utility on mounted /dev/vda1 30utility: debug: /dev/vda1 is not a FAT partition: exiting os-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/40lsb on mounted /dev/vda1 debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/70hurd on mounted /dev/vda1 debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/80minix on mounted /dev/vda1 debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/83haiku on mounted /dev/vda1 83haiku: debug: /dev/vda1 is not a BeFS partition: exiting os-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/90bsd-distro on mounted /dev/vda1 83haikuos-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/90linux-distro on mounted /dev/vda1 os-prober: debug: running /usr/lib/os-probes/mounted/90solaris on mounted /dev/vda1 os-prober: debug: /dev/vda2: is active swap Why would this randomly show up? This also spawns multiple "jfsCommit" processes.

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• Impact of Server Failure on Coherence Request Processing

  - by jpurdy

  Requests against a given cache server may be temporarily blocked for several seconds following the failure of other cluster members. This may cause issues for applications that can not tolerate multi-second response times even during failover processing (ignoring for the moment that in practice there are a variety of issues that make such absolute guarantees challenging even when there are no server failures). In general, Coherence is designed around the principle that failures in one member should not affect the rest of the cluster if at all possible. However, it's obvious that if that failed member was managing a piece of state that another member depends on, the second member will need to wait until a new member assumes responsibility for managing that state. This transfer of responsibility is (as of Coherence 3.7) performed by the primary service thread for each cache service. The finest possible granularity for transferring responsibility is a single partition. So the question becomes how to minimize the time spent processing each partition. Here are some optimizations that may reduce this period: Reduce the size of each partition (by increasing the partition count) Increase the number of JVMs across the cluster (increasing the total number of primary service threads) Increase the number of CPUs across the cluster (making sure that each JVM has a CPU core when needed) Re-evaluate the set of configured indexes (as these will need to be rebuilt when a partition moves) Make sure that the backing map is as fast as possible (in most cases this means running on-heap) Make sure that the cluster is running on hardware with fast CPU cores (since the partition processing is single-threaded) As always, proper testing is required to make sure that configuration changes have the desired effect (and also to quantify that effect).

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• Windows Recovery from Grub messed up my computer?

  - by Hudson Worden

  Ok so I'm a noob when it comes to Operating Systems and I think I really messed up this time. So I have a laptop that dual boots Windows 7 and Linux Mint 11. I was trying to boot into Windows 7 but it would just have a black screen with a blinking cursor. So I turned off my computer and tried again. Still a black screen with a cursor. So I thought "well it must be broken somehow and I remembered seeing something like 'Windows Recovery' from the boot menu so I should try it." So when I turned on my computer a third time I selected 'Windows Recovery' (Something like that I can't remember exactly what it was called). After I had selected that I got a white Windows window that said in big red letters "ERROR". I turned off my computer again a turned it back on expecting the Grub menu to reappear. I was wrong. Instead I am greeted with error: no such partition grub rescue. Then I put in a live CD for ubuntu 11.04 and tried looking at my partitions using the disk manager. Looking at my partitions I notice that there isn't a Linux partition anymore and in its place is a unallocated space partition yet the Linux Swap partition is still there. My windows partition is still fine and I can access the files in it. If you understand what has happened, is there anyway I can get my files back? I don't care about reinstalling the OS again. I just want those files that are in the Linux Mint partition.

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• Reason why Windows can't be installed on Ubuntu , Any Help though?

  - by Terzuz

  Well I got my Windows Vista .iso file , I put it on my USB Drive , Extracted , Then I restarted and went to "Boot Device Options" Clicked "Generic USB" (What I labeled when I formatted) Then it stood on a black screen for 15 minutes , Then just went to Ubuntu , Now I found out exactly what happened Why Windows WONT work on Ubuntu is a simple reason Not if you save it in NFTS Format or MSDOS (Both Windows Formats) , Not if you use anything special , This even applies to the Ubuntu downloader , One specific reason that I just noticed , Since WINE (Windows Application Loader) can't run while you click the USB , You can't open the Setup.exe file needed to install the Operating System , That means you can not install it at all if it is a .exe installer file , Then what can we do? Only other way is to make a partition with GParted , Put a partition , then install WINE , Then run your Windows Setup.exe file , Then Wine will load it up! Why not to open Setup.exe before you make a partition - Simple , It WONT WORK! I have tried , It says you need __ Amount of space and can be put on any partition , Yeah , Any partition NOT BEING USED Here is where I need your help! - I want to make a partition but they all show as locked when I open GParted , So How am I supposed to open them up? Get a hammer and tell HP my laptop didn't want to open its partitions? Nope , I need some help on how to unlock the partitions or what to do , Thank you in advance PS- If I could , I would put a bounty to this but I do not have enough reputation!

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• Grub2 cannot detect Windows 8

  - by MetaChrome

  At installation it did not detect Windows. I mounted the Windows partition and have run os-prober with no results returning. I am able to boot Windows or Ubuntu by specifying the partition in UEFI boot order. The bios does not appear to allow booting with legacy. SecureBoot is on. This is with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on a Inspiron 15. Here is the gdisk: 1 2048 1026047 500.0 MiB EF00 EFI system partition 2 1026048 1107967 40.0 MiB FFFF Basic data partition 3 1107968 1370111 128.0 MiB 0C01 Microsoft reserved part 4 1370112 2394111 500.0 MiB 2700 Basic data partition 5 2394112 544743423 258.6 GiB 0700 Basic data partition 6 606183424 625140399 9.0 GiB 2700 Microsoft recovery part 7 544743424 545230847 238.0 MiB 0700 (/boot) 8 545230848 556949503 5.6 GiB 8200 (swap) 9 556949504 606181375 23.5 GiB 0700 (/) When installing ubuntu, I believe I specified that the bootloader be installed on /dev/sda. I added the following to /etc/grub.d/40_custom but booting ubuntu did not offer a grub menu: menuentry "Windows 8" { set root = "(hd0,4)" chainloader +1 } When booting I think I see "EFI Disk error" flash very quickly before Ubuntu starts booting.

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• how to recover lost partitions data

  - by TheJoester

  I have a 2TB SATA drive that was being used as file storage on my UBUNTU computer. I was re-imaging my windows box so I used that drive to back up some files to it. I did this by taking the drive from my windows PC and putting it in my UBUNTU PC, mounted it and copied the files over. After the windows refresh I thought it would be easier to take the 2 TB drive and dock it in the external dock my Windows case has built in. Anyway it would recognize in BIOS but windows would not see it (because it was EXT3 or EXT4) so when I went into the disk manager it advised me the drive needed to be initialized. Me not thinking I initialized it as a GUID Partition table. Now it sees it as a blank drive, even in UBUNTU. I have done nothing else to write or change the drive. I was wondering if there is a qay to repair the old partitioning and get access to my files back? many thanks! EDIT: I followed the instructions in the link @kniwor sent me. I used the command sudo gpart -W /dev/sda /dev/sda and here was the result: Guessed primary partition table: Primary partition(1) type: 007(0x07)(OS/2 HPFS, NTFS, QNX or Advanced UNIX) size: 0mb #s(1) s(2861671176-2861671176) chs: (1023/254/63)-(1023/254/63)d (178130/202/1)-(178130/202/1)r Primary partition(2) type: 007(0x07)(OS/2 HPFS, NTFS, QNX or Advanced UNIX) size: 0mb #s(1) s(3484550160-3484550160) chs: (1023/254/63)-(1023/254/63)d (216903/55/1)-(216903/55/1)r Primary partition(3) type: 000(0x00)(unused) size: 0mb #s(0) s(0-0) chs: (0/0/0)-(0/0/0)d (0/0/0)-(0/0/0)r Primary partition(4) type: 000(0x00)(unused) size: 0mb #s(0) s(0-0) chs: (0/0/0)-(0/0/0)d (0/0/0)-(0/0/0)r Not sure it found what I wanted. suggestions?

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• Why would my HDD main partition suddenly become hidden?

  - by Luis Oscar

  A few days ago I was using my computer as usual and I turned it off. The next day it wouldn't boot up. It just stayed after the hardware diagnostic window on the intermittent underscore screen. So clearly It wasn't booting up. I tried turning it on and off a couple of times with no avail. Finally I used windows 7 disk and it seemed as if there was no HDD. not even the installation would see the HDD. So i thought it was dead, i bought a new one installed it with windows and used a external case with the old HDD. plug it in and still couldn't see it. I finally downloaded a partition program EASUS or something and my HDD was there listed WITHOUT a system letter. I could however explore it and i set it as Unhidden and it came back to life. I could see it normally. I really just wish someone could explain to me what happened here, was it a virus? does it means the HDD is about to die? How can i prevent this or what should I do now? should i stop using this OLD HDD? Thanks

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• Generating new SID for Windows 7 cloned partition in Linux?

  - by Jack

  So I've read that the proper way to clone a Windows 7 partition is to run a Sysprep after the clone is complete. For MANY reasons, this is not possible the way we are cloning these drives (long story short, the drive should be fully up and running after we clone it, with all the settings already there and requiring no user intervention; and no, not even an answer file would work because the way we customize all the Win7 settings is complex and we do not want the user touching the settings). I understand Microsoft will not support Windows 7 clones if it is not sysprepped and that is fine for us. Acronis recovery tools get around this by ticking an option called "Create new NT signature", which resets the SID and GUID on any restore. Symantec has a tool called Ghostwalker which does the same thing. However, we are looking for a way to do this in Linux because we want to use open source tools to do the imaging (fsarchiver, partclone, etc. basically the same tools Clonezilla uses internally to clone NTFS partitions). The question is, if we clone using these tools in Linux, how would we generate a new SID thereafter (without the use of sysprep)? Is there any way to do it within a Linux environment? The whole image process is automated so if it is a simple command that I can just throw in my shell script, that would be even better. Of course, it would be nice to know if this is even possible. Any ideas? EDIT: Forgot to mention that the target machines we are restoring the image on are EXACTLY the same.

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• Why am I unable to mount my USB drive (unknown partition table)?

  - by Pat

  I'm a real newbie to linux. Anyway the problem is that my USB doesn't get recognized anymore which is really annoying because I need information from it. I've read like a zillion threads how to manually mount it but I really can't it to work. I hope it's just some easy, stupid problem where any of you could help me out quickly.. Here is the syslog: kernel: [ 6872.420125] usb 2-2: new high-speed USB device number 11 using ehci_hcd mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 11: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-2" kernel: [ 6872.556295] scsi8 : usb-storage 2-2:1.0 mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 11 was not an MTP device kernel: [ 6873.558081] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Cruzer 8.01 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS kernel: [ 6873.559964] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 kernel: [ 6873.562833] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] 15682559 512-byte logical blocks: (8.02 GB/7.47 GiB) kernel: [ 6873.564867] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off kernel: [ 6873.564878] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 45 00 00 08 kernel: [ 6873.565485] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present kernel: [ 6873.565495] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through kernel: [ 6873.568377] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present kernel: [ 6873.568387] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through kernel: [ 6873.574330] sdc: unknown partition table kernel: [ 6873.576853] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present kernel: [ 6873.576863] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through kernel: [ 6873.576871] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk Thanks in advance

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• dual boot ubuntu installation mishap

  - by user590849

  I have Windows 7 pc ,where i had 2 partitions, a c drive for my system files and a d drive for my data. I decided to install ubuntu 11.10 a couple of days ago and thought of install it in a separate partition of its own. So i made a separate Linux partition of 30GB. I downloaded ubuntu on my usb stick and installed. During the installation process i was asked where to install ubuntu so i opened up a screen that was similar to this one There were six partitions present ( I had made only 3 partition via windows). Their names were totally different from the ones that i had given in windows. So i selected a drive which had the same size as my Linux partition that i had made in windows ( no other partition had the same size). I clicked on install now and got an error message saying that "There was no root folder set". I set the newly made partition as my root folder and clicked install now. Now out of the 6 partitions that were created 3 were logical ( i had only created 3 partitions in windows). As soon as i clicked install now, the system asked me where i wanted to put my "swap space". I selected one of the logical drives and hit install. Ubuntu successfully installed on my system and at the end it asked me to reboot. I did and got the following error message: "missing operating system". I was shocked. I tried my windows recovery disk ( that i had gotten when i had purchased my laptop) and there i went into startup repair. In the startup repair option i was not able to locate windows. The system asked me to click the "Load drivers" button to load the drivers to my harddrive where windows was installed, but i could not locate any drivers to my harddrive. I tried this several times but to no success. I panicked and installed ubuntu, now this time click "ok" at every step( not worrying about the partition and all). The os installed correctly and i am now able to access my harddrive. NO data within the c drive is lost. All the windows system files are intact. I wish to recover my windows installation. How do i go about it? Thank you in advance. I do not want to format my computer and install windows again.

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• Non-standard installation (installing Linux from Linux)

  - by Evan Plaice

  So, here's my setup. I have one partition with the newest version installed, a second partition with an older version installed (as a backup just in case), a swap partition that both share, and a boot partition so the bootloader doesn't need to be setup after each upgrade. Partitions: sda1 ext3 /boot sda2 ext4 / (current version) sda3 ext4 / (old version) sda4 swap /swap sda5 ntfs (contains folders symbolically linked to /home on /) So far it has been a very good setup. I can create new boot loaders without screwing it up and adding my personal files into a new install is as simple as creating some symbolic links (the partition is NTFS in case I need to load windows on the system again). Here's the issue. I'd like to be able to drop the install into /distro on the current version and install a new version on / on the old version effectively replacing/upgrading it. The goal is to be able to just swap out new versions as they are released while maintaining redundancy in case I don't like th update. So far I have: downloaded the install.iso created a folder in /distro copied the install.iso into /distro extracted vmlinuz and initrd.lz into /distro Then I modified /boot/grub/menu.lst with the following entry: title Install Linux root (hd0,1) kernel /distro/vmlinuz initrd /distro/initrd.lz vmlinuz loads perfectly but it says it can't find initrd.lz on boot. I have also tried to uncompress the image with: unlzma < initrd.lz > initrd.img And, updating the menu.lst file to match; but that doesn't work either. I'm assuming that vmlinuz (linux kernel) loads, fires up the virtual filesystem by creating a ramdisk (initrd), mounts the iso, and launches the installer. Am I missing something here? Update: First, I wanted to say that the accepted answer would have been the best option if I was doing a normal Ubuntu install. Unfortunately, I was installing Linux Mint (which lacks the script needed to make debootstrap work. So the problem I with the above approach was, I was missing the command that vmlinuz (linux kernel) needed to execute to start boot into LiveCD mode. By looking in the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file I found what I was missing. Although this method will work, it requires that the installation files reside on their own partition. I took the easy route and used unetbootin to drop the LiveCD on a usb drive and booted from that. Like I said before. Debootstrap would have been the ideal solution here. Even though I couldn't use it I wrote down the steps it would've taken to use it. Step One: Format sda3 (the partition with the old copy of linux that's being overwritten) I used gparted to format it as ext4 from within the current linux install. How this is done varies based on what tools you prefer to use. Step Two: Mount the newly formatted partition (we'll call the mount ubuntu for simplicity) sudo mkdir /mnt/ubuntu sudo mount -o -loop /dev/sda3 /mnt/ubuntu Step Three: Get debootstrap sudo apt-get install debootstrap Step Four: Mount the install disk (replace ubuntu.iso with the name if your install disk) sudo mkdir /media/cdrom sudo mount -o loop ~/ubuntu.iso /media/cdrom Step Five: Install the OS using debootstrap (replace fiesty with the version you're installing and amd64 with your processor's architecture) sudo debootstrap --arch amd64 fiesty /mnt/ubuntu file:/media/cdrom The settings here varies. While I loaded debootstrap using an install iso, you can also have debootstrap automatically download and install if with a repository link (While most of these repositories contain debian versions I'm still not clear as to whether Ubuntu has similar repositories). Here a list of the debian package repositories and their mirrors. This is how you'd deploy debootstrap if you were doing it directly from a repository: sudo debootstrap --arch amd64 squeeze /mnt/debian http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian Here's the link that I primarily used to figure this out.

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• UEFI Dual-Boot - Ubuntu 12.04.3 + Windows 8.1 (One GPT HDD)

  - by swafbrother

  UEFI Dual-Boot - Ubuntu 12.04.3 + Windows 8.1 (One GPT HDD) Hello, I'm having trouble setting up a dual-boot (Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and Windows 8.1) in my ASUS K55VM laptop's hard drive disk (500 GB). I was mostly following tutorials for doing this, but at some point something has gone wrong. Up to now, I have followed these steps: I formatted my HDD into GPT. I clean-installed Windows 8.1. I didn't prevent Windows from choosing the partitions to use and it created these partitions: A Recovery partition (sda1). An EFI System Partition (sda2). A Microsoft Reserved Partition (sda3). A Windows Data Partition or C drive (sda4). I reduced the Windows Data Partition via Windows' Disk Management. I made a bootable USB Stick with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS from ISO, using Universal USB Installer. I created these partitions for Ubuntu: A Boot partition, mounted at /boot (sda5). A Root partition, mounted at / (sda6). A Swap partition (sda7). In Device for boot loader installation I chose: /dev/sda. Then, when I rebooted, it went straight into Ubuntu. So I installed Boot-Repair, and clicked on Recommended Repair. It automatically did its job without asking for anything. I rebooted and Grub showed up, with a lot of options. At this point I had a decent dual-boot setup; Ubuntu and both Windows entries worked fine: Ubuntu. Windows Boot UEFI Loader. Windows UEFI bkpbootmgfw.efi. I executed this command: sudo grub-install --force /dev/sda5. Then I tried to make Windows 8.1's Boot Manager the main boot manager, so that I could choose which OS to boot into from a menu. I downloaded EasyBCD on Windows. It showed 2 Ubuntu entries and 1 Windows entry. I went into BCD Deployment tab and clicked on Write MBR. At this point, I went into BIOS and made Windows Boot Manager the first boot option. When I rebooted, I got a black screen with the message efidisk read error, and then (I guess) it switched to the next boot option, which is Ubuntu, resulting in Grub showing up. From Grub, Ubuntu entry is working and so are both Windows entries. If I choose Ubuntu, it normally boots into Ubuntu. But if I choose Windows, it goes into Windows' boot manager. In Windows' boot manager, a menu shows up: Ubuntu. Ubuntu. Windows 8.1. If I choose Windows, it boots into Windows without any problem. If I choose Ubuntu, it boots into Grub (back to step 14). Here's my BootInfo Summary: http://paste.ubuntu.com/6698171/ Windows Boot Manager is clearly not working as expected; I can't directly boot into it and I can't boot into it from BIOS either (efidisk read error again). If I want to boot into Windows I need to boot into Grub first, which is the opposite of what I wanted. I need help at this point. What is the best thing I can do? Is there a more reliable and/or simpler way of acomplishing a satisfying dual-boot for this situation? Can someone provide a way for going back to step 8, where I had a more efficient dual-boot setup? If only I could undo what I did with Easy BCD and skip Windows' Boot Menu... Can someone provide a way to fix this mess? Thanks in advance and sorry for the length of this, I wanted to be exhaustive.

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• Can Google Employees See My Saved Google Chrome Passwords?

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Storing your passwords in your web browser seems like a great time saver, but are the passwords secure and inaccessible to others (even employees of the browser company) when squirreled away? Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. The Question SuperUser reader MMA is curious if Google employees have (or could have) access to the passwords he stores in Google Chrome: I understand that we are really tempted to save our passwords in Google Chrome. The likely benefit is two fold, You don’t need to (memorize and) input those long and cryptic passwords. These are available wherever you are once you log in to your Google account. The last point sparked my doubt. Since the password is available anywhere, the storage must in some central location, and this should be at Google. Now, my simple question is, can a Google employee see my passwords? Searching over the Internet revealed several articles/messages. Do you save passwords in Chrome? Maybe you should reconsider: Talks about your passwords being stolen by someone who has access to your computer account. Nothing mentioned about the central storage security and vulnerability. There is even a response from Chrome browser security tech lead about the first issue. Chrome’s insane password security strategy: Mostly along the same line. You can steal password from somebody if you have access to the computer account. How to Steal Passwords Saved in Google Chrome in 5 Simple Steps: Teaches you how to actually perform the act mentioned in the previous two when you have access to somebody else’s account. There are many more (including this one at this site), mostly along the same line, points, counter-points, huge debates. I refrain from mentioning them here, simply carry a search if you want to find them. Coming back to my original query, can a Google employee see my password? Since I can view the password using a simple button, definitely they can be unhashed (decrypted) even if encrypted. This is very different from the passwords saved in Unix-like OS’s where the saved password can never be seen in plain text. They use a one-way encryption algorithm to encrypt your passwords. This encrypted password is then stored in the passwd or shadow file. When you attempt to login, the password you type in is encrypted again and compared with the entry in the file that stores your passwords. If they match, it must be the same password, and you are allowed access. Thus, a superuser can change my password, can block my account, but he can never see my password. So are his concerns well founded or will a little insight dispel his worry? The Answer SuperUser contributor Zeel helps put his mind at ease: Short answer: No* Passwords stored on your local machine can be decrypted by Chrome, as long as your OS user account is logged in. And then you can view those in plain text. At first this seems horrible, but how did you think auto-fill worked? When that password field gets filled in, Chrome must insert the real password into the HTML form element – or else the page wouldn’t work right, and you could not submit the form. And if the connection to the website is not over HTTPS, the plain text is then sent over the internet. In other words, if chrome can’t get the plain text passwords, then they are totally useless. A one way hash is no good, because we need to use them. Now the passwords are in fact encrypted, the only way to get them back to plain text is to have the decryption key. That key is your Google password, or a secondary key you can set up. When you sign into Chrome and sync the Google servers will transmit the encrypted passwords, settings, bookmarks, auto-fill, etc, to your local machine. Here Chrome will decrypt the information and be able to use it. On Google’s end all that info is stored in its encrpyted state, and they do not have the key to decrypt it. Your account password is checked against a hash to log in to Google, and even if you let chrome remember it, that encrypted version is hidden in the same bundle as the other passwords, impossible to access. So an employee could probably grab a dump of the encrypted data, but it wouldn’t do them any good, since they would have no way to use it.* So no, Google employees can not** access your passwords, since they are encrypted on their servers. * However, do not forget that any system that can be accessed by an authorized user can be accessed by an unauthorized user. Some systems are easier to break than other, but none are fail-proof. . . That being said, I think I will trust Google and the millions they spend on security systems, over any other password storage solution. And heck, I’m a wimpy nerd, it would be easier to beat the passwords out of me than break Google’s encryption. ** I am also assuming that there isn’t a person who just happens to work for Google gaining access to your local machine. In that case you are screwed, but employment at Google isn’t actually a factor any more. Moral: Hit Win + L before leaving machine. While we agree with zeel that it’s a pretty safe bet (as long as your computer is not compromised) that your passwords are in fact safe while stored in Chrome, we prefer to encrypt all our logins and passwords in a LastPass vault. Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.     

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• Grub Rescue Unknown Filesystem Error. Grub Corrupted or Filesystem?

  - by nightcrawler

  Now it has happened twice & have been pulling my hairs now... I have installed xubuntu on my external hardisk & have been using it for about 3 months. It has three partitions, one of 500 mb mounted at /boot, 2nd one of 48gb mounted at / & the rest (out of 160gb) is ntfs partition....used as normal external storage. The last storage supposedly acts as a buffer b/w Linux distributions & Win platform, buffer in the sense that it provides a universal channel for data transfers. I have constantly used this external hardisk for data transfers b/w win7 laptop & xubuntu (on this external hd) without any hassle. However, on of my desktops where I have ubuntu I (for the first time) attached this external drive which let me do data transfers where all three partitions properly mounted....but then nasty thing occurred the same that occurred before. I (as usual) tried booting via this external hd (one having xubuntu, one having being formerly used under Ubuntu) I got error Now I am totally devastated because similar thing happened ~6months before when I had fedora 17 in my external hd (instead of xubuntu) & after it was used under ubuntu the same happened...i didn't reported it because I already had planned towards debian instead of rpm! The mystery is that as long as I don't attach this external hd under ubuntu the data never** corrupts whereas under win xp/7 I can use it as a normal usb storage of coarse linux partitions aren’t available under win platforms... **From corrupts I mean hd fails to boot with the error mentioned however cant say whether data within remains untouched? It seems that my grub & or MBR is corrupted. Please sir guide me to solve this issue also why I cant attach & use linux external hds under linux platform Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041884672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581806 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004e7d0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 2048 976895 487424 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 978942 96874495 47947777 5 Extended /dev/sdc3 96874496 312575999 107850752 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdc5 978944 94726143 46873600 83 Linux /dev/sdc6 94728192 96874495 1073152 82 Linux swap / Solaris I can recall for sure that have seen a thread here when a similar problem occurred & in response someone gave solution of how to mount (now invisible) partitions & recover important data in them. I have misplaced that URL so if any can guide me thither because my important documents resides in / partition What I already have done: Without success I have tried this & related solutions What I plan to do: I believe that filesystem has corrupted & would you recommend solution like this provided I cant recall whether my /boot (500mb) partition was ext4 or ext2 though I am sure that my / (48gb) partition was ext4 UPDATE 1 Attached my external hd under Ubuntu ran followinf command as root grub-install /dev/sdc where /dev/sdc was my external hd containing corrupted xubuntu....it reported all done! I re-ran fdisk -l but to my disappointment it reported Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041884672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581806 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b6b9167 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table ...& now I can't even access its ntfs partition (former /dev/sdc3) please help? UPDATE 2 TestDisk (by cgsecurity) failed at founding any partition table :( TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org Disk /dev/sdc - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19457 255 63 Partition Start End Size in sectors

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• Encrypt nsdata in iphone and decrypt it in php

  - by Gaurav Arora

  Hi All, I am new to Iphone development , I want to create an application in which I have to upload some data on php server using my Iphone application. For this I have an file on the Iphone whose content I have to upload on php server. For this I have converted the content of the file in NSData and now I want to encrypt this nsdata object and then pass it to the php server and on php server firstly I have to decrypt the nsdata object then I have to upload it on the server. But I am not able to find any way by which I can encrypt some data in Iphone app and then decrypt it in php. And also I want to compress the encrypted data before transferring it to php and then uncompress that data on php. The complete flow of my application is IPhone NSData -- Encrypted NsData -- Compressed Encrypted Data php Compressed Encrypted Data -- uncompressed encrypted data -- decrypted (original) NSData. Can some one help me how can I develop such application? Thanks in advance. Gaurav

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• GRUB is not Booting Correctly

  - by msknapp

  I have a PC with three hard disks. Windows 7 is installed on the first, Ubuntu 14.04 is installed on the third. After I re-booted, it went straight to Windows 7. So I tried explicitly telling my PC to boot using the third hard disk, but that just takes me to the grub rescue prompt. I followed Scott Severence's instructions here to try and recover. Essentially, I updated grub, reinstalled grub, and then updated it again. After re-booting, absolutely nothing had changed. So instead I tried using the boot-repair tool. In the past it had failed for me, saying that I had programs running and it could not unmount drives, when I was running nothing. I never figured out how to solve that problem, but it went away when I bought another hard drive and used that for my Ubuntu installation, I don't know why. In any case, I ran the boot-repair tool and this time it said it was successful. First time for everything right? I re-booted, only to be taken straight to the grub rescue prompt. So I changed my BIOS settings to use the third hard disk for boot start up. That is the same hard drive where I have Ubuntu and grub installed, and the same one that the grub-repair tool told me to use. It still took me straight to the grub rescue prompt. So I went from not being able to boot Ubuntu, to not being able to boot either OS installed on my system. Thanks boot-repair! Boot repair gave me this URL for future troubleshooting: http://paste.ubuntu.com/8131669 When I try to boot from the third hard disk, this is my console: Loading Operating System ... error: attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0'. Entering rescue mode... grub rescue> grub rescue> set cmdpath=(hd0) prefix=(hd0,gpt2)/boot/grub root=hd0,gpt2 grub rescue> ls (hd0) (hd0,gpt3) (hd0,gpt2) (hd0,gpt1) (hd1) (hd2) (hd2,gpt2) (hd2,gpt1) (hd3) Those values look correct to me. I have also experimented with changing some of those values, but 'insmod normal' always throws the same error. Somebody please tell me how to fix this. I have tried everything, reinstalling grub, and running boot-repair. =========================== Update: I think the problem might be that the ubuntu installer did not partition my hard disk correctly. I booted from live USB and then launched gparted and looked at how it partitioned things. This is what gparted says: Partition, File System, Size, Used, Unused, Flags /dev/sda1 (!), unknown, 1.00 MiB, ---, ---, bios_grub /dev/sda2, ext4, 2.71 TiB, 47.30 GiB, 2.67 TiB, /dev/sda3, linux-swap, 16.00 GiB, 0.00 B, 16.00 GiB, So that first line looks problematic. It is supposed to be the /boot partition. However, it was given only 1 MiB? I am assuming that MiB is actually supposed to mean megabyte, no idea why that 'i' is there. It also says the file system is unknown. I read the answer by andrew here, and he says he had to do a custom install, explicitly configuring the boot partition. So I think that maybe Ubuntu's installer has a bug in it, where it does not set up the boot partition correctly if you are not installing on the first hard disk in your computer. I am going to try reinstalling with a custom partition scheme. I read elsewhere (askubuntu won't let me post another link) that I don't even need a /boot partition any more. So instead of following Andrew's instructions ver batim, I'm first going to try having just two partitions: one for /, and another for my 16GB swap space. Both as primary partitions. The first will be formatted as ext4. If that doesn't work, I may try again using /boot. ======================== So I did my custom install with no /boot partition, and it did not work. When I rebooted, I had an error message saying that some address did not exist. So for the hundredth time, I booted from the live USB, and ran boot-repair. Now I get this message GPT detected. Please create a BIOS-Boot partition (>1MB, unformatted filesystem, bios_grub flag). This can be performed via tools such as Gparted. Then try again. I feel like I'm running in circles and nobody will help me.

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• C++ error - returning a char array

  - by Yosy

  Consider the following code: char CeaserCrypt(char str[256],int key) { char encrypted[256],encryptedChar; int currentAsci; encrypted[0] = '\0'; for(int i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) { currentAsci = (int)str[i]; encryptedChar = (char)(currentAsci+key); encrypted[i] = encryptedChar; } return encrypted; } Visual Studio 2010 gives an error because the function returns an array. What should I do? My friend told me to change the signature to void CeaserCrypt(char str[256], char encrypted[256], int key). But I don't think that is correct. How can I get rid of the compile error?

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• Mysql partitioning: Partitions outside of date range is included

  - by Sturlum

  Hi, I have just tried to configure partitions based on date, but it seems that mysql still includes a partition with no relevant data. It will use the relevant partition but also include the oldest for some reason. Am I doing it wrong? The version is 5.1.44 (MyISAM) I first added a few partitions based on "day", which is of type "date" ALTER TABLE ptest PARTITION BY RANGE(TO_DAYS(day)) ( PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2009-08-01')), PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2009-11-01')), PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-02-01')), PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-01')) ); After a query, I find that it uses the "old" partition, that should not contain any relevant data. mysql> explain partitions select * from ptest where day between '2010-03-11' and '2010-03-12'; +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | ptest | p1,p4 | range | day | day | 3 | NULL | 79 | Using where | +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+ When I select a single day, it works: mysql> explain partitions select * from ptest where day = '2010-03-11'; +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | ptest | p4 | ref | day | day | 3 | const | 39 | | +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-------+

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