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• How do I make XTerm not use bold?

  - by mike

  I like using XTerm, I like its default "fixed" font, and I like using terminal colors rather than having a monochromatic terminal. However, XTerm seems to insist on using a bold version of the font whenever it's displaying a bright color: I hate hate hate the bold version of the font, but I like the brightness. The man page seems to suggest that adding "XTerm.VT100.boldMode:false" to my ~/.Xresources would disable this "feature", but it doesn't seem to have any effect. I've had it in there for months, so it's not a rebooting issue. How can I force XTerm to always use the standard, non-bold version of the fixed font, even when it's displaying bright text? Edit: Some have suggested putting "XTerm*boldMode: false" in my ~/.Xresources. That didn't help either. I've confirmed that the changes have taken effect with xrdb, though: $ xrdb -query | grep boldMode XTerm*boldMode: false And if i run xprop and click an xterm, I get "WM_CLASS(STRING) = "xterm", "XTerm"" .. so i'm definitely running real xterms. BTW, this is just a plain-vanilla Ubuntu Intrepid box. If anyone else here is running the same, can you try running: echo -e '#\e[1m#' ...and let me know whether the # on the right has a black pixel in the middle like the one on the left does?

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• Unable to get prosody running on Ubuntu 10.04 (lua issues)

  - by user90374

  All this is performed on Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS Server I installed LUA 5.1.4 following this procedure - http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1874860 I installed prosody following this command (after downloading the package) - sudo dpkg -i prosody_0.8.2-1_i386.deb After installation, I get the following error: I have tried to use as suggested luarock and sudo apt-get install to fix these. But still it keeps showing me these errors. Selecting previously deselected package prosody. (Reading database ... 59416 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking prosody (from prosody_0.8.2-1_i386.deb) ... Setting up prosody (0.8.2-1) ... * Starting Prosody XMPP Server prosody ************** Prosody was unable to find luaexpat This package can be obtained in the following ways: Source: www[dot]keplerproject[dot]org/luaexpat/ Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install liblua5.1-expat0 luarocks: luarocks install luaexpat luaexpat is required for Prosody to run, so we will now exit. More help can be found on our website, at prosody[dot]im/doc/depends ************ Prosody was unable to find luasocket This package can be obtained in the following ways: Source: www[dot]tecgraf[dot]puc-rio[dot]br/~diego/professional/luasocket/ Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install liblua5.1-socket2 luarocks: luarocks install luasocket luasocket is required for Prosody to run, so we will now exit. More help can be found on our website, at prosody[dot]im/doc/depends ************ Prosody was unable to find LuaSec This package can be obtained in the following ways: Source: www[dot]inf[dot]puc-rio[dot]br/~brunoos/luasec/ Debian/Ubuntu: prosody[dot]im/download/start#debian_and_ubuntu luarocks: luarocks install luasec SSL/TLS support will not be available More help can be found on our website, at prosody[dot]im/doc/depends [fail] invoke-rc.d: initscript prosody, action "start" failed. dpkg: error processing prosody (--install): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Errors were encountered while processing: prosody Thanks a lot for your patience and answers.

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• How to check that all ZFS snapshots within a pool are without holds before destroying that pool

  - by Graham Perrin

  Question Already I can check each snapshot of a filesystem individually, manually. I would prefer to check all at once (all with a single command or script). Please: can that be done with a script? Background From the man page for zfs(8): zfs holds [-H] [-r] snapshot… … -r Specifies that a hold with the given tag is applied recursively to the snapshots of all descendent file systems. I wondered whether recent snapshots are treated as descendants of older snapshot. No: Last login: Sat Dec 8 09:02:26 on ttys003 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-12-08-081957 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 problem with LocalStorage for WOT for Safari Mon Oct 29 6:44 2012 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs hold experiment gjp22@2012-12-08-081957 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 problem with LocalStorage for WOT for Safari Mon Oct 29 6:44 2012 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-12-08-081957 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP gjp22@2012-12-08-081957 experiment Sat Dec 8 9:04 2012 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 problem with LocalStorage for WOT for Safari Mon Oct 29 6:44 2012 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$

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• How to create RPM for 32-bit arch from a 64-bit arch server?

  - by Gnanam

  Our production server is running CentOS5 64-bit arch. Because there are no RPM available currently for SQLite latest version (v3.7.3), I created RPM using rpmbuild the very first time by following the instructions given here. I was able to successfully create RPM for 64-bit (x86_64) architecture. But am not able to create RPM for 32-bit (i386) architecture. It failed with the following errors: ... ... ... + ./configure --build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --target=i386-redhat-linux-gnu --program-prefix= --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --sbindir=/usr/sbin --sysconfdir=/etc --datadir=/usr/share --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64 --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --localstatedir=/var --sharedstatedir=/usr/com --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-threadsafe checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking for x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu-gcc... no checking for gcc... gcc checking for C compiler default output file name... configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See `config.log' for more details. error: Bad exit status from /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.73141 (%build) RPM build errors: Bad exit status from /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.73141 (%build) This is the command I called: rpmbuild --target i386 -ba sqlite.spec My question is, how do I create RPM for 32-bit arch from a 64-bit arch server?

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• Seeking web-based FTP client for very large file upload

  - by Paul M. Nguyen

  I have looked around for these for some time... the limits imposed by the web server and/or the dynamic programming environment (e.g. PHP) are far too restrictive for the application I'm working on. We need to be able to move large graphics and video files to and from clients (ranging from tens of MB to a few GB in a single file). Plain FTP with a proper desktop client will do the trick, and we're hosting this in Amazon EC2 with EBS. User management will be done from the office via webmin. Users are chroot-jailed into their home dir by proftpd. net2ftp will work for many clients, but we often need to move single files that approach 1GB or exceed 2-3GB which is way out of the range of any http-based uploader. So we turn to Java or Flash - can they do it? From within the web browser establish an FTP connection and grab a huge file? There are licensed applets and such out there, but none seem convincing. Again, I'm looking for some code that can speak FTP and read (& write?) the local disk, that is delivered in a web browser, and can move single files of 2GB+. The reason for having a web-based interface to FTP is to skip the software installation step for our clients. I will consider proper desktop client software as long as it's "portable" and at least Win+Mac and can be easily configured by lay-man users in a hurry.

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• Linux Mounting Problem

  - by Sam

  I have an Iomega Network Attached Storage device on my Windows network. I am trying to use a clonezilla live USB flash drive to backup my netbook to my Iomega Network Attached Storage device. The clonezilla USB flash drive runs linux. I'm having trouble getting the Network Attached Storage unit to mount using the following command: mount -t cifs -o username="myUsername" //192.168.1.100/backup /home/partimg The response from linux is: [134.730738] CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -6 retrying with upper case share name [134.788461] CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -6 mount error(6): No such device or address Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g. man mount.cifs) I also tried adding the following to my username: username="myUsername,domain=workgroup" but that did not change the error. I am able to ping the network attached storage unit from linux on my netbook. I also booted from a Slax Live USB Flash Drive and Slax auto-mounted my network attached storage unit via Samba. Unfortunately, I don't believe that I can run clonezilla from inside the Slax installation. Does anyone have any insight about what is wrong with my mount statement? Or is there something peculiar about Iomega drives which makes this impossible?

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• postfix (for sending mail only) multiple domain setup

  - by seanl

  I have the following problem, I have a Centos 5.4 VPS hosting a few nginx sites (some static, some cakephp), I would like to be able to send email from each sites contact page through postfix to my google apps hosted email (different accounts for each site) so that apps can then send out an auto email to the person filling in the contact form etc I have a bare-bones postfix installation with the following added into the main.cf config file. from using this guide virtual_alias_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_domains virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps (both of these files have been converted into db files using postmap) I have configured DNS correctly for each site and setup SPF records. (I'm aware R-DNS will still reference my actual hostname not the domain name and cause a possible spam issue but one thing at a time) I can telnet localhost and the helo localhost so that I can send a command line email from an address in the virtual_alias_domains to an email in the virtual_alias_maps file which seems sends without giving an error but it is sending to my local linux account not the email address specified. my question is am i approching this the wrong way in terms of the virtual alias mapping or is this even possible to do in the manner im trying. Any help is greatly appreciated thanks. my postconf -n outlook looks like this alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = localhost mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost myhostname = myactual hostname mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_domains virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps

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• "unrecognized options" while installing php

  - by user1692333

  I want to compile php 5.4.8 on my mac 10.8.2, but get some errors which cant solve by my self, so need your help. Firstly i get default php options with php -i | head, after it do this command ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --disable-dependency-tracking --sysconfdir=/private/etc --with-apxs2=/usr/sbin/apxs --enable-cli --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-openssl=/usr --with-kerberos=/usr --with-zlib=/usr --enable-bcmath --with-bz2=/usr --enable-calendar --disable-cgi --with-curl=/usr --enable-dba --enable-ndbm=/usr --enable-exif --enable-fpm --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-freetype-dir=/BinaryCache/apache_mod_php/apache_mod_php-79~4/Root/usr/local --with-jpeg-dir=/BinaryCache/apache_mod_php/apache_mod_php-79~4/Root/usr/local --with-png-dir=/BinaryCache/apache_mod_php/apache_mod_php-79~4/Root/usr/local --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-icu-dir=/usr --with-iodbc=/usr --with-ldap=/usr --with-ldap-sasl=/usr --with-libedit=/usr --enable-mbstring --enable-mbregex --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --without-pear --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysql-sock=/var/mysql/mysql.sock --with-readline=/usr --enable-shmop --with-snmp=/usr --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-sqlite-utf8 --enable-suhosin --enable-sysvmsg --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --with-tidy --enable-wddx --with-xmlrpc --with-iconv-dir=/usr --with-xsl=/usr --enable-zend-multibyte --enable-zip --with-pcre-regex --with-pgsql=/usr --with-pdo-pgsql=/usr But get this error config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating jconfig.h config.status: jconfig.h is unchanged config.status: executing depfiles commands config.status: executing libtool commands configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --enable-cli, --with-config-file-path, --with-libxml-dir, --with-openssl, --with-kerberos, --with-zlib, --enable-bcmath, --with-bz2, --enable-calendar, --disable-cgi, --with-curl, --enable-dba, --enable-ndbm, --enable-exif, --enable-fpm, --enable-ftp, --with-gd, --with-freetype-dir, --with-jpeg-dir, --with-png-dir, --enable-gd-native-ttf, --with-icu-dir, --with-iodbc, --with-ldap, --with-ldap-sasl, --with-libedit, --enable-mbstring, --enable-mbregex, --with-mysql, --with-mysqli, --without-pear, --with-pdo-mysql, --with-mysql-sock, --with-readline, --enable-shmop, --with-snmp, --enable-soap, --enable-sockets, --enable-sqlite-utf8, --enable-suhosin, --enable-sysvmsg, --enable-sysvsem, --enable-sysvshm, --with-tidy, --enable-wddx, --with-xmlrpc, --with-iconv-dir, --with-xsl, --enable-zend-multibyte, --enable-zip, --with-pcre-regex, --with-pgsql, --with-pdo-pgsql Maybe someone have some suggestions on this?

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• Postfix able to receive email but not able to send it

  - by c0mrade

  I had postfix running on my machine(comes with centos minimal), but today I configured it to use my domain for the sake of example this is my domain name example.com . Here is my config : alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mail_owner = postfix mailbox_size_limit = 1073741824 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man message_size_limit = 10485760 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = example.com myhostname = mail.example.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES relayhost = smtp.$mydomain sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,reject_unknown_client,permit smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_auth_destination,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 I need one email account to be able to send emails (password retrievals etc.). I read today somewhere that if you create unix account postfix will recognize it as email address so if your account username was ant your email would be [email protected]. So I tested that and tried to send email to [email protected] and I successfully received mail. When I try to send the email with ant task script, I'm not able to connect : Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not connect to SMTP host: mail.example.com, port: 25; nested exception is: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out: connect What am I missing here? Edit I'm able to telnet to localhost : Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 mail.example.com ESMTP Postfix

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• BackupPC - why does it use rsync --sender --server ... ?

  - by Jakobud

  I'm in the process of experimenting with BackupPC on a CentOS 5.5 server. I have everything pretty much setup with default values. I tried setting up a basic backup for a host's /www directory. The backup fails with the following errors: full backup started for directory /www Running: /usr/bin/ssh -q -x -l root target /usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/ Xfer PIDs are now 30395 Read EOF: Connection reset by peer Tried again: got 0 bytes Done: 0 files, 0 bytes Got fatal error during xfer (Unable to read 4 bytes) Backup aborted (Unable to read 4 bytes) Not saving this as a partial backup since it has fewer files than the prior one (got 0 and 0 files versus 0) First of all, yes I have my ssh keys setup to allow me to ssh to the target server without requiring a password. In the process of troubleshooting, I tried the above ssh command directly from the command line, and it hangs. Looking at the end of the debug messages for SSH I get: debug1: Sending subsystem: /usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/ Request for subsystem '/usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/' failed on channel 0 Next I started looking at the rsync flags. I did not recognize --server and --sender. Looking at the rsync man pages, sure enough, I don't see anything about --server or --sender in there. What are those in there for? Looking at the BackupPC config I have this: RsyncClientPath = /usr/bin/rsync RsyncClientCmd = $sshPath -q -x -l root $host $rsyncPath $argList+ And for the arguments, I have the following listed: --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive Notice there is no --server, --sender or --ignore-times. Why are these things getting added in? Is this part of the problem?

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• Iptables: "-p udp --state ESTABLISHED"

  - by chris_l

  Hi, let's look at these two iptables rules which are often used to allow outgoing DNS: iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --sport 1024:65535 --dport 53 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT My question is: How exactly should I understand the ESTABLISHED state in UDP? UDP is stateless. Here is my intuition - I'd like to know, if or where this is incorrect: The man page tells me this: state This module, when combined with connection tracking, allows access to the connection tracking state for this packet. --state ... So, iptables basically remembers the port number that was used for the outgoing packet (what else could it remember for a UDP packet?), and then allows the first incoming packet that is sent back within a short timeframe? An attacker would have to guess the port number (would that really be too hard?) About avoiding conflicts: The kernel keeps track of which ports are blocked (either by other services, or by previous outgoing UDP packets), so that these ports will not be used for new outgoing DNS packets within the timeframe? (What would happen, if I accidentally tried to start a service on that port within the timeframe - would that attempt be denied/blocked?) Please find all errors in the above text :-) Thanks, Chris

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• Postfix a lot of relay acces denied errors in maillog

  - by tester3

  I'm on Centos 6.5 with Postfix/Dovecot and some virtual domains. Postfix works fine, but I've got a lot of messages like this "NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from 1-160-127-12.dynamic.hinet.net[1.160.127.12]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=SMTP" in my maillog. I've tried to close port 25 with iptables, when I do so - I got no such messages, but my mail system starts work incorrectly and can't receive mail from other hosts. Please help! My postconf -n: alias_database = $alias_maps alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man message_size_limit = 20971520 mydestination = localhost.$mydomain, localhost newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES relay_domains = * sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.crt smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/example.com.key smtp_tls_loglevel = 1 smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/etc/postfix/smtp_tls_session_cache smtp_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = example.com smtpd_sasl_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-client smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = $smtpd_sasl_security_options smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/example.com.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/etc/postfix/smtpd_tls_session_cache smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes soft_bounce = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_aliases virtual_gid_maps = static:2222 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_domains virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_mailbox virtual_minimum_uid = 2222 virtual_transport = virtual virtual_uid_maps = static:2222 Please help! Will attach master.cf or anything other if needed.

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• postfix is unable to send emails to external domains

  - by BoCode

  Whenever i try to send an email from my server, i get the following error: Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtpd[6730]:connect from unknown[a.b.c.d] Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: warning: host X.com[x.y.z.d]:25 greeted me with my own hostname xyz.biz Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: warning: host X.com[x.y.z.d]:25 replied to HELO/EHLO with my own hostname xyz.biz Nov 13 06:37:21 xyz postfix/smtp[6729]: 2017F1B00C54: to=<[email protected]>, relay=X.com[x.y.z.d]:25, delay=0.98, delays=0.17/0/0.81/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for X.com loops back to myself) this is the output of postconf -n: address_verify_poll_delay = 1s alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = body_checks_size_limit = 40980000 command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix connection_cache_ttl_limit = 300000s daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 1 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 default_delivery_slot_cost = 2 default_destination_concurrency_limit = 10 default_destination_recipient_limit = 1 default_minimum_delivery_slots = 3 default_process_limit = 10000 default_recipient_refill_delay = 1s default_recipient_refill_limit = 10 disable_dns_lookups = yes enable_original_recipient = no hash_queue_depth = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no in_flow_delay = 0 inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 initial_destination_concurrency = 100 local_header_rewrite_clients = mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq manpage_directory = /usr/share/man master_service_disable = milter_default_action = accept milter_protocol = 6 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.localdomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = xyz.biz myhostname = xyz.biz mynetworks = 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters qmgr_message_active_limit = 500 qmgr_message_recipient_limit = 500 qmgr_message_recipient_minimum = 1 queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix queue_run_delay = 300s readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix.20.10.2/README_FILE receive_override_options = no_header_body_checks sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix.2.10.2/examples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail service_throttle_time = 1s setgid_group = postdrop smtp_always_send_ehlo = no smtp_connect_timeout = 1s smtp_connection_cache_time_limit = 30000s smtp_connection_reuse_time_limit = 30000s smtp_delivery_slot_cost = 2 smtp_destination_concurrency_limit = 10000 smtp_destination_rate_delay = 0s smtp_destination_recipient_limit = 1 smtp_minimum_delivery_slots = 1 smtp_recipient_refill_delay = 1s smtp_recipient_refill_limit = 1000 smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 200 smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100000 smtpd_client_new_tls_session_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_delay_open_until_valid_rcpt = no smtpd_delay_reject = no smtpd_discard_ehlo_keywords = silent-discard, dsn smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891 smtpd_peername_lookup = no unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 what could be the issue?

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• cloning a kvm guest os to a vmdk file

  - by Bond

  I have a production environment where I am having 4 Guest OS running on a Ubuntu server which uses kvm. These OS are in an LVM based setup.I want these Virtual Machines to be in a vmdk format also.Where people would do experiments with these Virtual Machines so this in a vmware environment (or it can be Xen too) would be different from the kvm server.I would not have any control on that other environment so I want to give people vmdk images of these virtual machines. The production Virtual Machines will still keep running on kvm server but the VMs on which experiments would be done would be of type vmdk.(vmdk is a constraint) Here is output of lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm1' [100.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm2' [150.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm3' [50.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm4' [100.00 GiB] inherit I was reading man page of qemu-img and what I understand is I need to first create a qcow image file which I need to populate and then convert that to a vmdk file. Is that understanding correct? Now suppose /dev/abcd/lvm4 is the virtual machine with which I am going to start this experiment.I can shutdown the production VMs for some time to do this. So is the following way correct to go on server 1 (where kvm is running) qemu-img convert -c -f raw -O vmdk /dev/abcd/lvm4 /backup/lvm4.img or it will affect the lvm4 on kvm server 1. I do not want the VM running on original server to at all loose its any of the content but also have a vmdk file for each of the Guest OS on kvm. Before I proceed with any of the above things on the production machine I just want to make sure that I am doing the correct thing so I asking here.

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• Auto-rebuild RAID6 with MDADM

  - by user65632

  Hello everybody, i'm new in this forum, and because I see that a lot of people get helped here, i'll ask my question here! I have a openSUSE 11.3 Linux computer with 5 disks of 1TB (WD enterprise disks) in it. with mdadm I configured an RAID6 device. Now, after a lot of thorough testing, i've noticed that when the computer goes down unsuspectedly it could happen (1 time out of 10) that while booting, the md0 device isn't recognised, and then the machine goes in "recovery mode", which means that i have to 'CTRL + C' it so it can boot to openSUSE. Once in openSUSE i have to readd the drive manually with 'mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdX'. After this everything works back fine (after resynching). So my question is: Is there a way to auto-rebuild the RAID6 device when there are problems? and how can I stop this "recovery mode" from happening. Because the computer will be in a place I can't go to, to connect a keyboard, 'CTRL + C' it just to get in openSUSE. If you could help me, I would be a very very very! happy man! :-) thanks in advance! Mikhail

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• How do hdparm's -S and -B options interact?

  - by user697683

  These two options seem confusing. For example: according to the man page -B 254 "does not permit spin-down". However, testing with -B 254 -S 1 the drive does spin down after 5 seconds. -B Query/set Advanced Power Management feature, if the drive supports it. A low value means aggressive power management and a high value means better performance. Possible settings range from values 1 through 127 (which permit spin-down), and values 128 through 254 (which do not permit spin-down). The highest degree of power management is attained with a setting of 1, and the highest I/O performance with a setting of 254. A value of 255 tells hdparm to disable Advanced Power Management altogether on the drive (not all drives support disabling it, but most do). -S Put the drive into idle (low-power) mode, and also set the standby (spindown) timeout for the drive. This timeout value is used by the drive to determine how long to wait (with no disk activity) before turning off the spindle motor to save power. Under such circumstances, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.

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• Shrink a Volume Group in LVM / Linux in order to install Windows on the freed space

  - by Stephan Kristyn

  I have a Volume Group with Unused space. This 40Gig should become an entidy in order to install Microsoft windows 7 on it. I do not have extra space on the drive - that is why I want to shrink the VG! LVG berta resides on sda2 and consists of lv_root lv_swap unused_space I want it to become lv_root lv_swap and have a seperate entidy made out of unused_space. Microsoft Windows 7 has to get installed on this entidy. I do not understand why Linux made simple things complicated. I utterly hate LVM and think its absolute bollocks. Useful Sources: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/s1-system-config-lvm.html Edit: I found the answer. The necessary steps depict how complicated LVM really is. In my opinion it is best to avoiding LVM until pvresize matures as promised in its man pages. Answer: http://fedorasolved.org/Members/zcat/shrink-lvm-for-new-partition If you run into problems when you want to remove lvswap even if in resuce mode, then try swapoff /dev/vg_1/lv_swap lvchange -an /dev/vg_1/lv_swap

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• Ubuntu 64bit Xen DomU Issues after upgrade from Karmic to Lucid

  - by Shoaibi

  I was upgrading my servers today and it all went fine except the last machine which has the following issues: [Resolved using http://www.ndchost.com/wiki/server-administration/upgrade-ubuntu-pre-10.04#post-1004-upgradefinal-steps] No login prompt on console Done. Begin: Mounting root file system... ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... Done. [ 0.545705] blkfront: xvda: barriers enabled [ 0.546949] xvda: xvda1 [ 0.549961] blkfront: xvde: barriers enabled [ 0.550619] xvde: xvde1 xvde2 Begin: Running /scripts/local-premount ... Done. [ 0.870385] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds [ 0.870449] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Begin: Running /scripts/local-bottom ... Done. Done. Begin: Running /scripts/init-bottom ... Done. Also tried by pressing ENTER and CTRL+C many times, no use. Resolved: [/tmp was mounted as noexec, changing that fix it]: I get errors when i try to re-install udev in single user mode: Unpacking replacement udev ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up udev (151-12.1) ... udev start/running, process 1003 Removing `local diversion of /sbin/udevadm to /sbin/udevadm.upgrade' update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-25-server /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/fixrtc: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/ntfs_3g: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-premount/resume: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/nfs-top/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/panic/console_setup: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/all_generic_ide: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/blacklist: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-top/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/init-bottom/udev: Permission denied /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 329: /tmp/mkinitramfs_yuuTSc/scripts/local-bottom/ntfs_3g: Permission denied

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• Login with Enterprise Principal Name using sssd AD backend in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

  - by Vinícius Ferrão

  I’m running sssd version 1.11 with the AD backend in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (1.11.5-1ubuntu3) to authenticate users from Active Directory running on Windows Server 2012 R2, and I’m trying to achieve logins with the User Principal Name for all users of the domain. But the UPN are always Enterprise Principal Names. Let-me illustrate the problem with my user account: Domain: local.example.com sAMAccountName: ferrao UPN: [email protected] (there’s no local in the UPN) I can successfully login with the sAMAccountName atribute, which is fine, but I can’t login with [email protected] which is my UPN. The optimum solution for me is to allow logins from sAMAccountName and the UPN (User Principal Name). If’s not possible, the UPN should be the right way instead of the sAMAccountName. Another annoyance is the homedir pattern with those options in sssd.conf: default_shell = /bin/bash fallback_homedir = /home/%d/%u What I would like to achieve is separated home directories from the EPN. For example: /home/example.com/user /home/whatever.example.com/user But with this pattern I can’t map the way I would like to do. I’ve looked through man pages and was unable to find any answers for this issues. Thanks,

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• Create a mailbox in qmail, then forward all incoming message to Gmail

  - by lorenzo-s

  I needed to let PHP send mails from my webserver to my web app users. So I installed qmail on my Debian server: sudo apt-get install qmail I also updated files in /etc/qmail specifing my domain name, and then I run sudo qmailctl reload and sudo qmailctl restart: /etc/qmail/defaultdomain # Contains 'mydomain.com' /etc/qmail/defaulthost # Contains 'mydomain.com' /etc/qmail/me # Contains 'mail.mydomain.com' /etc/qmail/rcpthosts # Contains 'mydomain.com' /etc/qmail/locals # Contains 'mydomain.com' Emails are sent without any problem from my PHP script to any email address, using the standard mail PHP library. Now the problem is that if I send mail from my PHP using [email protected] as sender address, I want that customer can reply to that address! And possibly, I want all mails sent to this address should be forwarded to my personal Gmail address. At the moment qmail seems to not accept any incoming mail because of "invalid mailbox name". Here is a complete SMTP session I established with my server: me@MYPC:~$ nc mydomain.com 25 220 ip-XX-XX-XXX-XXX.xxx.xxx.xxx ESMTP HELO [email protected] 250 ip-XX-XX-XXX-XXX.xxx.xxx.xxx MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> 250 ok RCPT TO:<[email protected]> 250 ok DATA 554 sorry, invalid mailbox name(s). (#5.1.1) QUIT I'm sure I missing something related to mailbox or alias creation, in fact I did nothing to define mailbox [email protected] anywhere. But I tried to search something on the net and on the numerous qmail man pages, bot I found nothing.

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• Active Directory + IIS + SQL + ASP.NET

  - by Amira Elsayed Ismail

  I have sent the following question to stackoverflow website I have installed Windows server 2008 r2 on a virtual machine, Can I install Active directory with domain controller + IIS + SQL server on the same machine? I want to make web application and this web application will authenticate users from Active Directory, the web application should be published on the server IIS and the users should access it remotely from their home using domain name of my machine, Someone tell me that its very wrong to have IIS and Active directory on the same machine I got the following Answer You can't use ActiveDirectory over the internet. At least not without something like a VPN as a middle man. Their home computers will not be joined to the domain, so there is no pass-through authentication. Yes, it's a bad idea to put AD on the web server. Why is too complex to get into in an answer here. Suffice it to say that even if you did do this, it's probably would not work the way you are thinking it should. It's not impossible to do this. For instance, many of the Microsoft "Small Businesss" products put IIS, AD, and SQL Server on the same server. But, you kind of have to know what you're doing to configure it securely. Then I add the following comment Thanks for ur reply.so what you think about the best way to do this as I didn't do anything like that before should I install active directory on a machine and IIS on another machine ? and what about SQL should I add it to the same server of active directory ? I didn't mentioned also that it will be Microsoft dynamics server that will access some information about work and i have to read data from axapta also ? also what is VPN and how can I use it to let users access my web application anywhere ? Sorry for my long questions and thanks in advance so please if anyone can help I will be thankful

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• Postfix won't pipe to PHP file through aliases file

  - by jfreak53

  I'm trying to pipe from postfix to a command. According to Postfix logs it worked, but when I check the command it didn't. This is a fresh postfix install. This is my alias file: # See man 5 aliases for format postmaster: root support: "| /usr/bin/php -q /var/www/pipe/pipe.php" I run sendmail [email protected] then type it and then on a separate line type . and it goes. I check the postfix log /var/log/mail.log and this is what it states: Nov 2 15:32:33 server3 postfix/local[13284]: 42C429E0B5: to=<[email protected]>, relay=local, delay=156, delays=156/0.01/0/0.05, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to command: /usr/bin/php -q /var/www/pipe/pipe.php) So according to that it worked, but it doesn't. If I run echo 'text' | /usr/bin/php -q /var/www/pipe/pipe.php it does work just fine. Any ideas what I did wrong? I know piping is working, I originally checked it by running that command above WITHOUT the quotes, so just support: | /usr/bin/php -q /var/www/pipe/pipe.php What it did there was append my email header and all to the file pipe.php. So I know postfix was piping it, but when I put in the quotes it says it's going but it's not according to my script.

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• Find out when a system went down?

  - by Clinton Blackmore

  I have a Mac OS X 10.5 server, with a RAID set in it, that went down due to a power outage on Thursday, and the machine is not happily booting right now*. It is possible to find out when the machine went down, while not booted off the internal drive? (I'm booted off an external drive, waiting for the RAID sets to initialize.) Normally, I'd run last. The man page doesn't indicate that I can run it against a different startup volume. It looks possible to parse /var/log/utmpx, but I don't think it'd be worthwhile to try to do that from scratch for this one-off problem. * I'm still trying to figure out why it isn't happy, and may ask a follow-up question. Right now I can see that UserNotificationCenter crashed repeatedly early Thursday morning, and that securityd, mdworker, and ARDAgent crash shortly after startup [I think -- I want to verify when the box went up and down]. The login window does not come up right (I think it is crashing or not able to cope with a dead securityd). The box is supposed to be set to go down when the UPS tells it power is out; at the moment, I'm wondering if it went down, and turned back on multiple times! I sure hope not.

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• Variant Management– Which Approach fits for my Product?

  - by C. Chadwick

  Jürgen Kunz – Director Product Development – Oracle ORACLE Deutschland B.V. & Co. KG Introduction In a difficult economic environment, it is important for companies to understand the customer requirements in detail and to address them in their products. Customer specific products, however, usually cause increased costs. Variant management helps to find the best combination of standard components and custom components which balances customer’s product requirements and product costs. Depending on the type of product, different approaches to variant management will be applied. For example the automotive product “car” or electronic/high-tech products like a “computer”, with a pre-defined set of options to be combined in the individual configuration (so called “Assembled to Order” products), require a different approach to products in heavy machinery, which are (at least partially) engineered in a customer specific way (so-called “Engineered-to Order” products). This article discusses different approaches to variant management. Starting with the simple Bill of Material (BOM), this article presents three different approaches to variant management, which are provided by Agile PLM. Single level BOM and Variant BOM The single level BOM is the basic form of the BOM. The product structure is defined using assemblies and single parts. A particular product is thus represented by a fixed product structure. As soon as you have to manage product variants, the single level BOM is no longer sufficient. A variant BOM will be needed to manage product variants. The variant BOM is sometimes referred to as 150% BOM, since a variant BOM contains more parts and assemblies than actually needed to assemble the (final) product – just 150% of the parts You can evolve the variant BOM from the single level BOM by replacing single nodes with a placeholder node. The placeholder in this case represents the possible variants of a part or assembly. Product structure nodes, which are part of any product, are so-called “Must-Have” parts. “Optional” parts can be omitted in the final product. Additional attributes allow limiting the quantity of parts/assemblies which can be assigned at a certain position in the Variant BOM. Figure 1 shows the variant BOM of Agile PLM. Figure 1 Variant BOM in Agile PLM During the instantiation of the Variant BOM, the placeholders get replaced by specific variants of the parts and assemblies. The selection of the desired or appropriate variants is either done step by step by the user or by applying pre-defined configuration rules. As a result of the instantiation, an independent BOM will be created (Figure 2). Figure 2 Instantiated BOM in Agile PLM This kind of Variant BOM  can be used for „Assembled –To-Order“ type products as well as for „Engineered-to-Order“-type products. In case of “Assembled –To-Order” type products, typically the instantiation is done automatically with pre-defined configuration rules. For „Engineered- to-Order“-type products at least part of the product is selected manually to make use of customized parts/assemblies, that have been engineered according to the specific custom requirements. Template BOM The Template BOM is used for „Engineered-to-Order“-type products. It is another type of variant BOM. The engineer works in a flexible environment which allows him to build the most creative solutions. At the same time the engineer shall be guided to re-use existing solutions and it shall be assured that product variants of the same product family share the same base structure. The template BOM defines the basic structure of products belonging to the same product family. Let’s take a gearbox as an example. The customer specific configuration of the gearbox is influenced by several parameters (e.g. rpm range, transmitted torque), which are defined in the customer’s requirement document.  Figure 3 shows part of a Template BOM (yellow) and its relation to the product family hierarchy (blue).  Figure 3 Template BOM Every component of the Template BOM has links to the variants that have been engineeried so far for the component (depending on the level in the Template BOM, they are product variants, Assembly Variant or single part variants). This library of solutions, the so-called solution space, can be used by the engineers to build new product variants. In the best case, the engineer selects an existing solution variant, such as the gearbox shown in figure 3. When the existing variants do not fulfill the specific requirements, a new variant will be engineered. This new variant must be compliant with the given Template BOM. If we look at the gearbox in figure 3  it must consist of a transmission housing, a Connecting Plate, a set of Gears and a Planetary transmission – pre-assumed that all components are must have components. The new variant will enhance the solution space and is automatically available for re-use in future variants. The result of the instantiation of the Template BOM is a stand-alone BOM which represents the customer specific product variant. Modular BOM The concept of the modular BOM was invented in the automotive industry. Passenger cars are so-called „Assembled-to-Order“-products. The customer first selects the specific equipment of the car (so-called specifications) – for instance engine, audio equipment, rims, color. Based on this information the required parts will be determined and the customer specific car will be assembled. Certain combinations of specification are not available for the customer, because they are not feasible from technical perspective (e.g. a convertible with sun roof) or because the combination will not be offered for marketing reasons (e.g. steel rims with a sports line car). The modular BOM (yellow structure in figure 4) is defined in the context of a specific product family (in the sample it is product family „Speedstar“). It is the same modular BOM for the different types of cars of the product family (e.g. sedan, station wagon). The assembly or single parts of the car (blue nodes in figure 4) are assigned at the leaf level of the modular BOM. The assignment of assembly and parts to the modular BOM is enriched with a configuration rule (purple elements in figure 4). The configuration rule defines the conditions to use a specific assembly or single part. The configuration rule is valid in the context of a type of car (green elements in figure 4). Color specific parts are assigned to the color independent parts via additional configuration rules (grey elements in figure 4). The configuration rules use Boolean operators to connect the specifications. Additional consistency rules (constraints) may be used to define invalid combinations of specification (so-called exclusions). Furthermore consistency rules may be used to add specifications to the set of specifications. For instance it is important that a car with diesel engine always is build using the high capacity battery.  Figure 4 Modular BOM The calculation of the car configuration consists of several steps. First the consistency rules (constraints) are applied. Resulting from that specification might be added automatically. The second step will determine the assemblies and single parts for the complete structure of the modular BOM, by evaluating the configuration rules in the context of the current type of car. The evaluation of the rules for one component in the modular BOM might result in several rules being fulfilled. In this case the most specific rule (typically the longest rule) will win. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to add a specific variant to the modular BOM without the need to change any other configuration rules.  As a result the whole set of configuration rules is easy to maintain. Finally the color specific assemblies respective parts will be determined and the configuration is completed. Figure 5 Calculated Car Configuration The result of the car configuration is shown in figure 5. It shows the list of assemblies respective single parts (blue components in figure 5), which are required to build the customer specific car. Summary There are different approaches to variant management. Three different approaches have been presented in this article. At the end of the day, it is the type of the product which decides about the best approach.  For „Assembled to Order“-type products it is very likely that you can define the configuration rules and calculate the product variant automatically. Products of type „Engineered-to-Order“ ,however, need to be engineered. Nevertheless in the majority of cases, part of the product structure can be generated automatically in a similar way to „Assembled to Order“-tape products.  That said it is important first to analyze the product portfolio, in order to define the best approach to variant management.

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• How would I force Debian to use the physical sector size on a hard disk?

  - by Confused User

  I just purchased a few new 3TB WD drives. These have physical 4k sectors, but there is some sort of layer which is providing 512B logical sectors (see the partition table below). In order to attempt to get some more speed out of my hard drives, I would like to get rid of this logical layer and actually use the physical 4k sectors. However, I can't figure out how to do this (or even if it's possible) from the man pages of fdisk and parted, or from searching Google. Does anybody know how this could be done? As to why this is relevant, this page demonstrates that meerly aligning the sectors properly can already make up to a 25% speed difference for reads, and more than 2500% for writes in some cases! Getting rid of the logical sectors in favor of the physicals ones should improve speeds even more. Thanks! $ parted /dev/sdc GNU Parted 2.3 Using /dev/sdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) print Model: ATA WDC WD30EZRX-00M (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 3001GB 3001GB zfs 9 3001GB 3001GB 8389kB P.S. I don't care about the data on the drives, I was just playing with different file systems. Also, this is my first time posting here, so please let me know if my posts should be formatted differently, etc.

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